DOCSLIB.ORG

Birds in the Urban Environment Volume 3, Number 1 • December 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Birds in the Urban Environment Volume 3, Number 1 • December 2005 A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF URBAN AREAS ISSN 1541-7115 Birds in the Urban Environment Volume 3, Number 1 • December 2005 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn New York 11225 • 718.623.7200 http://www.urbanhabitats.org/ Editors Steven E. Clemants Vice President for Science, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and Codirector, Center for Urban Restoration Ecology Janet Marinelli Director of Publishing, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and Member of the Steering Committee, Center for Urban Restoration Ecology Gerry Moore Director of Science, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Associate Editor Niall Dunne Brooklyn Botanic Garden Copy Editor Joni Blackburn Brooklyn Botanic Garden Website Alison Dorfman Dave Allen Brooklyn Botanic Garden Publisher The Center for Urban Restoration Ecology A collaboration between Rutgers University and Brooklyn Botanic Garden A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF URBAN AREAS ISSN 1541-7115 Birds in the Urban Environment Volume 3, Number 1 Page 1 Nesting Success and Life-History Attributes of Bird Communities Along an Urbanization Gradient Joseph A. Reale¹ and Robert B. Blair² ¹ City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks, P.O. Box 791, Boulder, CO 80306 ² Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, 200 Hodson Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 (address at time of research: Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056) Page 25 Urban Bird Diversity as an Indicator of Social Diversity and Economic Inequality in Vancouver, British Columbia Stephanie J. Melles Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G5 Page 49 Microhabitat Selection and Singing Behavior Patterns of Male House Finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) in Urban Parks in a Heavily Urbanized Landscape in the Western U.S. Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Rachael Poston, Karin De Collibus, Timothy Morgan, Bret Bastain, Cyndi Martin, Kacy Jones, and Ronald Treminio Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840-3702. Page 70 Using Citizen Science in Urban Bird Studies Rachel E. McCaffrey School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Page 87 Avian Response to Restoration of Urban Tidal Marshes in the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey Alison Seigel,¹ Colleen Hatfield,² and Jean Marie Hartman³ ¹Rutgers University, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, 1 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 ²California State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 400 West First Street, Chico, CA 95929 (address at time of research: Rutgers University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, 14 College Farm Road, - i - New Brunswick, NJ 08901) ³ Rutgers University, Department of Landscape Architecture, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Page 117 History of the Eastern Screech-Owl (Megascops asio) in New York City, 1867–2005 Robert DeCandido Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, Acopian Center for Conservation Learning, 410 Summer Valley Road, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 ALSO IN THIS ISSUE... Page 134 Bringing the Urban Environment Into the Classroom: Learning From an Estuarine Mesocosm James C. Sullivan,¹ Theresa O'Neill,² and John R. Finnerty¹ ¹ Biology Department, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02135 ² Odyssey High School, South Boston, MA Page 158 Benthic Communities in Spartina alterniflora– and Phragmites australis– Dominated Salt Marshes in the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey Catherine E. Yuhas,¹ Jean Marie Hartman,² and Judith S. Weis³ ¹ New Jersey Sea Grant College Extension Program, New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program Office, 290 Broadway, 24th Floor, New York, NY 10007 (address at time of research: New Jersey Institute of Technology/Rutgers University, Federeated Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Newark, NJ 07102) ² Rutgers University, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 ³ Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, 411 Boyden Hall, Newark, NJ 07102 Page 192 The Changing Flora of the New York Metropolitan Region Steven E. Clemants and Gerry Moore Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11225 - ii - URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 • ISSN 1541-7115 Nesting Success and Life-History Attributes of Bird http://www.urbanhabitats.org Communities Along an Urbanization Gradient Nesting Success and Life-History Attributes of Bird Communities Along an Urbanization Gradient* Joseph A. Reale¹ and Robert B. Blair² ¹City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks, P.O. Box 791, Boulder, CO 80306; [email protected] ²Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, 200 Hodson Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 (address at time of research: Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056) site availability and the ability to produce Abstract multiple broods—may drive the distribution of The increase in urbanization in North America avian species along an urbanization gradient, and has raised concerns regarding impacts on avian that nesting site is a critical resource that populations. In this study, we measured the regulates the distribution of birds in urban nesting success of American robins and northern environments. cardinals and analyzed the changes in bird Keywords: American robin; community; life community along an urbanization gradient in histories; nesting success; northern cardinal; southwestern Ohio. We found that nesting failure southwestern Ohio; urbanization was not significantly correlated with the gradient, but that it was correlated to nest height, which decreased significantly from the most natural to Introduction the most urban sites. We also found that nesting The growth of urban centers in the United States failure was not predicted by the density of adult has profound effects on natural ecosystems. birds. At the community level, the number of Increases in urban populations result in the species that use a multiple-brood breeding wholesale conversion of agricultural and forest strategy increased with urbanization. tracts into urban and suburban environments. Furthermore, birds identified as high-nesting The result of this change in land use is a mosaic species reached their highest proportion at the of land types ranging from entirely built -up most natural sites and decreased in number with urban centers to natural or seminatural areas urbanization. In contrast, low-nesting species (McDonnell, Pickett & Pouyat, 1993). Land use exhibited the reverse trend. These findings for human purposes alters both the structure and suggest that nesting success—determined by nest function of ecosystems and is the leading cause * Published online December 7, 2005 - 1 - URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 3, NUMBER 1 • ISSN 1541-7115 Nesting Success and Life-History Attributes of Bird http://www.urbanhabitats.org Communities Along an Urbanization Gradient of biological diversity loss worldwide (Vitousek, The cumulative response of individual Mooney, Lubechenco & Melillo, 1997). species to urbanization also results in changes at As development reaches into rural areas, many the level of the bird assemb lage. Blair (2001) forests, if not fragmented or obliterated outright, examined the distribution and abundance of birds are enveloped by human settlement (Friesen, along an urban gradient in southwestern Ohio. Eagles & Mackay, 1995). This has imposed great This study included a spectrum of habitat types stress on avian populations, with many songbird created by urbanization, ranging from a pristine species experiencing declines in some portion of nature reserve to a highly developed urban center. their range (Wilcove & Terborgh, 1984; Askins, Individual species displayed patterns of Philbrick & Sugeno, 1990; Sauer, Hines & abundance along the gradient that reflect their Fallon, 2005). As breeding habitat becomes more level of tolerance for human impact. For fragmented, nest predation increases (Gates & example, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Gysel, 1978; King, Griffin & DeGraaf, 1996; were labeled “urban exploiters” based on their Bayne & Hobson, 1997), brood parasitism higher abundance at the urban end of the increases (Brittingham & Temple, 1983), gradient. On the opposite end, ovenbirds interspecific competition for resources is more (Seiurus aurocapilla) were labeled “urban pronounced (Cawthorne & Merchant, 1980; avoiders” based on their high abundance at the Ambuel & Temple, 1983), and pairing success natural end of the gradient and their complete decreases (Gibbs & Faaborg, 1990; Villard, absence from the urban end. Martin & Drummond, 1993). The urban bird community is most strongly The effects of urbanization on bird influenced by vegetation, with the volume of communities are well documented (Hoover, native vegetation being most closely correlated Brittingham & Goodrich, 1995; Friesen et al., with native bird density and species richness 1995; Blair, 1996; Morse & Robinson, 1998; (Mills, Dunning & Bates, 1991). The urban Porneluzi & Faaborg, 1999). These studies show environment favors species that can utilize small, that total and native species richness decline at discontinuous patches of vegetation (Beissinger high levels of development. Individual species, & Osborne, 1982), and densities of urban however, display differing responses to exploiters are strongly correlated with lawn area urbanization. Some birds reach peak densities in and the volume of exotic vegetation (Mills, urban or suburban settings, while others reach Dunning & Bates, 1989). The relationship peak densities at natural
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly)
    americanmalacologists, inc. PUBLISHERS OF DISTINCTIVE BOOKS ON MOLLUSKS THE NAUTILUS (Quarterly) MONOGRAPHS OF MARINE MOLLUSCA STANDARD CATALOG OF SHELLS INDEXES TO THE NAUTILUS {Geographical, vols 1-90; Scientific Names, vols 61-90) REGISTER OF AMERICAN MALACOLOGISTS JANUARY 30, 1984 THE NAUTILUS ISSN 0028-1344 Vol. 98 No. 1 A quarterly devoted to malacology and the interests of conchologists Founded 1889 by Henry A. Pilsbry. Continued by H. Burrington Baker. Editor-in-Chief: R. Tucker Abbott EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CONSULTING EDITORS Dr. William J. Clench Dr. Donald R. Moore Curator Emeritus Division of Marine Geology Museum of Comparative Zoology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Cambridge, MA 02138 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Dr. William K. Emerson Department of Living Invertebrates Dr. Joseph Rosewater The American Museum of Natural History Division of Mollusks New York, NY 10024 U.S. National Museum Washington, D.C. 20560 Dr. M. G. Harasewych 363 Crescendo Way Dr. G. Alan Solem Silver Spring, MD 20901 Department of Invertebrates Field Museum of Natural History Dr. Aurele La Rocque Chicago, IL 60605 Department of Geology The Ohio State University Dr. David H. Stansbery Columbus, OH 43210 Museum of Zoology The Ohio State University Dr. James H. McLean Columbus, OH 43210 Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 900 Exposition Boulevard Dr. Ruth D. Turner Los Angeles, CA 90007 Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Arthur S. Merrill Cambridge, MA 02138 c/o Department of Mollusks Museum of Comparative Zoology Dr. Gilbert L. Voss Cambridge, MA 02138 Division of Biology School of Marine and Atmospheric Science 10 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The Nautilus (USPS 374-980) ISSN 0028-1344 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • (Crustacea : Amphipoda) of the Lower Chesapeake Estuaries
    W&M ScholarWorks Reports 1971 The distribution and ecology of the Gammaridea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) of the lower Chesapeake estuaries James Feely Virginia Institute of Marine Science Marvin L. Wass Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Oceanography Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Feely, J., & Wass, M. L. (1971) The distribution and ecology of the Gammaridea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) of the lower Chesapeake estuaries. Special papers in marine science No.2. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. http://doi.org/10.21220/V5H01D This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE GAMMARIDEA (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) OF THE LOWER CHESAPEAKE ESTUARIES James B. Feeley and Marvin L. Wass SPECIAL PAPERS IN MARINE SCIENCE NO. 2 VIRGIN IA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SC IE NCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 1971 THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE GAMMARIDEA (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA) OF THE LOWER 1 CHESAPEAKE ESTUARIES James B. Feeley and Marvin L. Wass SPECIAL PAPERS IN MARINE SCIENCE NO. 2 1971 VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 This document is in part a thesis by James B. Feeley presented to the School of Marine Science of the College of William and Mary in Virginia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • Bottom-Up Control of Parasites
    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 10-5-2017 Bottom-Up Control of Parasites David S. Johnson Virginia Institute of Marine Science, [email protected] Richard Heard Gulf Coast Research Laborartory Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Environmental Health Commons, and the Parasitology Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, David S. and Heard, Richard, "Bottom-Up Control of Parasites" (2017). VIMS Articles. 2. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bottom-up control of parasites 1, 2 DAVID SAMUEL JOHNSON AND RICHARD HEARD 1Department of Biological Sciences, The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 USA 2Department of Coastal Sciences, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Street, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 USA Citation: Johnson, D. S., and R. Heard. 2017. Bottom-up control of parasites. Ecosphere 8(10):e01885. 10.1002/ecs2.1885 Abstract. Parasitism is a fundamental ecological interaction. Yet we understand relatively little about the ecological role of parasites compared to the role of free-living organisms. Bottom-up theory predicts that resource enhancement will increase the abundance and biomass of free-living organisms. Similarly, para- site abundance and biomass should increase in an ecosystem with resource enhancement. We tested this hypothesis in a landscape-level experiment in which salt marshes (60,000 m2 each) received elevated nutri- ent concentrations via flooding tidal waters for 11 yr to mimic eutrophication.
    [Show full text]
  • Grooming Structure and Function Crustacea M Some Terrestrial
    Groomingstructure and function m someterrestrial Crustacea JE,FFG.HOLMQUIST* N atio nal Audubon Soc iety Researc h Department, Tavernier,F lorida, USA * Presentaddress: Department o.f Biological Sciences,Florida StateUniversity, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The terrestrialenvironment, with a unique set of fouling parameters,has been invaded by certainamphipod, isopod, and decapod species. In an effort to characterizegrooming in these crustaceans,behavior of representativeorganisms was recorded,and grooming appendages were examinedwith light and scanningelectron microscopy. The mouthpartsand gnatho- pods, particularly the scale-bearingsecond pair, were the primary amphipod grooming appendages.Isopods most frequentlyused the mouthpartsand first pereiopodsfor grooming, but all pereiopodsperformed some acts. The mouthpartswere armed with both scalesand setae,whereas the first pereiopodsmade use of a seta-linedcarpal groove and the seto-ce proximal propodus.Hermit crabsused specialized setae on the third maxillipedesand fifth pereiopodsfor most groomingbut usedthe unmodifiedfirst, second,and third pereiopodsas well. Most brachyurangrooming was performedwith modified setaeon the third maxilli- pedalpalps and epipods,with a row of simple setaeon eachchelipede merus, and with the 'semiterres- chelipedefingers. The unspecializedwalking legsrubbed each other. Terrestrial, trial', and aquaticamphipods of the superfamilyTalitroidea have basically similar grooming behaviorbut differ in morphology.Although thereis a paucityof literatureon aquaticisopod, hermit crab,
    [Show full text]
  • Wave Template
    BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL BEACH RAKING IN THE UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE ON PADRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE, TEXAS prepared for and funded by Padre Island National Seashore by Tannika K. Engelhard and Kim Withers CENTER FOR COASTAL STUDIES December 1997 TAMU-CC-9706-CCS Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi The Island University BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL BEACH RAKING IN THE UPPER INTERTIDAL ZONE ON PADRE ISALND NATIONAL SEASHORE, TEXAS by Tannika K. Engelhard and Kim Withers Project Officer Kim Withers, Ph.D. Research Scientist Center for Coastal Studies Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi, Texas Prepared for Padre Island National Seashore National Park Service, Department of the Interior Resource Management Division 9405 South Padre Island Drive Corpus Christi, Texas Contract No. 1443PX749070058 December 1997 TAMU-CC-9706-CCS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Natural and man-made debris are common components of the upper intertidal zone on Gulf of Mexico beaches. Stranded pelagic algae, primarily Sargassum spp. (Phaeophyta, Fucales) and driftwood constitutes the bulk of natural material deposited as beach wrack on Padre Island National Seashore (PINS) (Amos, 1993; Smith et al., 1995). In 1950, a band approximately 14 m wide and 0.3 m deep was reported lining the Texas coast for over 300 mi (Gunter, 1979). PINS employs mechanical raking as a public-use management practice for removal of beach wrack to improve the aesthetic and recreational quality of the beach for visitors. The potential for disturbance of biotic components due to mechanical raking has bee recognized by resource managers within the National Seashore system. Some national parks regulate the type of equipment, depth of penetration into the sand and tire pressure of machinery to minimize impact to the natural resources while others actively prohibit mechanical removal to allow materials to provide nutrients to the sand through decomposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosquito Management Plan and Environmental Assessment
    DRAFT Mosquito Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for the Great Meadows Unit at the Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge Prepared by: ____________________________ Date:_________________________ Refuge Manager Concurrence:___________________________ Date:_________________________ Regional IPM Coordinator Concured:______________________________ Date:_________________________ Project Leader Approved:_____________________________ Date:_________________________ Assistant Regional Director Refuges, Northeast Region Table of Contents Chapter 1 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR PROPOSED ACTION ...................................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Refuge Location and Site Description ............................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Proposed Action ................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.3.1 Purpose and Need for Proposed Action ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 Historical Perspective of Need .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.3 Historical Mosquito Production Areas of the Refuge ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Common Tidal Marsh Invertebrates of the Northeastern
    - J Mississippi Alabama Sea Grant Consortium MASGP - 79 - 004 Guide to Common Tidal Marsh Invertebrates of the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico by Richard W. Heard University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 and Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS 39564* Illustrations by Linda B. Lutz This work is a result of research sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant Nos. 04-S-MOl-92, NA79AA-D-00049, and NASIAA-D-00050, by the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium, by the University of South Alabama, by the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, and by the Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for govern­ mental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. • Present address. This Handbook is dedicated to WILL HOLMES friend and gentleman Copyright© 1982 by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium and R. W. Heard All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. CONTENTS PREFACE . ....... .... ......... .... Family Mysidae. .. .. .. .. .. 27 Order Tanaidacea (Tanaids) . ..... .. 28 INTRODUCTION ........................ Family Paratanaidae.. .. .. .. 29 SALTMARSH INVERTEBRATES. .. .. .. 3 Family Apseudidae . .. .. .. .. 30 Order Cumacea. .. .. .. .. 30 Phylum Cnidaria (=Coelenterata) .. .. .. .. 3 Family Nannasticidae. .. .. 31 Class Anthozoa. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Order Isopoda (Isopods) . .. .. .. 32 Family Edwardsiidae . .. .. .. .. 3 Family Anthuridae (Anthurids) . .. 32 Phylum Annelida (Annelids) . .. .. .. .. .. 3 Family Sphaeromidae (Sphaeromids) 32 Class Oligochaeta (Oligochaetes). .. .. .. 3 Family Munnidae . .. .. .. .. 34 Class Hirudinea (Leeches) . .. .. .. 4 Family Asellidae . .. .. .. .. 34 Class Polychaeta (polychaetes).. .. .. .. .. 4 Family Bopyridae . .. .. .. .. 35 Family Nereidae (Nereids). .. .. .. .. 4 Order Amphipoda (Amphipods) . ... 36 Family Pilargiidae (pilargiids). .. .. .. .. 6 Family Hyalidae .
    [Show full text]
  • Noaa 13648 DS1.Pdf
    r LOAI<CO Qpy N Guide to Gammon Tidal IVlarsh Invertebrates of the Northeastern Gulf of IVlexico by Richard W. Heard UniversityofSouth Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 and CiulfCoast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS39564" Illustrations by rimed:tul""'"' ' "=tel' ""'Oo' OR" Iindu B. I utz URt,i',"::.:l'.'.;,',-'-.,":,':::.';..-'",r;»:.",'> i;."<l'IPUS Is,i<'<i":-' "l;~:», li I lb~'ab2 Thisv,ork isa resultofreseaich sponsored inpart by the U.S. Department ofCommerce, NOAA, Office ofSea Grant, underGrani Nos. 04 8 Mol 92,NA79AA D 00049,and NA81AA D 00050, bythe Mississippi Alabama SeaGrant Consortium, byche University ofSouth Alabama, bythe Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, andby the Marine EnvironmentalSciences Consortium. TheU.S. Government isauthorized toproduce anddistribute reprints forgovern- inentalpurposes notwithstanding anycopyright notation that may appear hereon. *Preseitt address. This Handbook is dedicated to WILL HOLMES friend and gentleman Copyright! 1982by Mississippi hlabama SeaGrant Consortium and R. W. Heard All rightsreserved. No part of thisbook may be reproduced in any manner without permissionfrom the author. Printed by Reinbold Lithographing& PrintingCo., BooneviBe,MS 38829. CONTENTS 27 PREFACE FamilyMysidae OrderTanaidacea Tanaids!,....... 28 INTRODUCTION FamilyParatanaidae........, .. 29 30 SALTMARSH INVERTEBRATES ., FamilyApseudidae,......,... Order Cumacea 30 PhylumCnidaria =Coelenterata!......, . FamilyNannasticidae......,... 31 32 Class Anthozoa OrderIsopoda Isopods! 32 Fainily Edwardsiidae. FamilyAnthuridae
    [Show full text]
  • L'histoire De Deux Niveaux De Biodiversité Demontrée Par Le Code-Barre D'adn Chez Les Crustacés De L'atlantique Du Nord
    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI L'HISTOIRE DE DEUX NIVEAUX DE BIODIVERSITÉ DEMONTRÉE PAR LE CODE-BARRE D'ADN CHEZ LES CRUSTACÉS DE L'ATLANTIQUE DU NORD THÉSE PRÉSENTÉE COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DU DOCTORAT EN BIOLOGIE EXTENSIONNÉ DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL PAR ADRIANA E. RADULOVICI MARS 2012 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI Service de la bibliothèque Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire « Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un rapport, un mémoire ou une thèse ». En signant ce formulaire, l’auteur concède à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski une licence non exclusive d’utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d’une partie importante de son travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, l’auteur autorise l’Université du Québec à Rimouski à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de son travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l’Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n’entraînent pas une renonciation de la part de l’auteur à ses droits moraux ni à ses droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, l’auteur conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont il possède un exemplaire. UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI A TALE OF TWO BIODIVERSITY LEVELS INFERRED FROM DNA BARCODING OF SELECTED NORTH ATLANTIC CRUSTACEANS DISSERTATION PRESENTED AS PARTIAL REQUIREMENT OF THE DOCTORATE OF BIOLOGY EXTENDED FROM UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL BY ADRIANA E.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Marsh Invertebrates Are Susceptible to Eutrophication
    Vol. 438: 143–152, 2011 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published October 5 doi: 10.3354/meps09306 Mar Ecol Prog Ser High-marsh invertebrates are susceptible to eutrophication David Samuel Johnson* Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA ABSTRACT: In salt marshes, high-marsh habitats are infrequently flooded (typically only during spring tides). Organisms in these habitats, however, may still be susceptible to the effects of increased nutrients delivered by tidal water (i.e. eutrophication). In a Massachusetts salt marsh, I examined the responses of the epibenthic invertebrates in the Spartina patens-dominated high marsh to long-term (7 yr) and landscape-level (4−5 ha) nutrient enrichment. In this ecosystem- level experiment, nutrients (N and P; ~15× reference conditions) were added to the flooding waters of tidal creeks — which flooded the high marsh during spring tides — to mimic cultural eutrophication. Three detritivores: Melampus bidentatus (gastropod), Philoscia vittata (isopod), and Orchestia grillus (amphipod) numerically dominated the benthic invertebrate community (97% by abundance). These species had higher densities (47 to 199% increase) in enriched ver- sus reference creeks. Melampus size structure shifted to larger individuals with enrichment. End-of-season aboveground biomass and detritus stocks of S. patens did not differ between treatments; thus, increased litter quality and/or alternative food-source increases (e.g. microbes) led to increased detritivore density/biomass. Predator densities (spiders and Tabanus larvae) increased 125 to 160% with enrichment, likely due to increased prey densities (including Orch- estia and Philoscia). Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed that communities were dissimi- lar between treatments; differences were driven primarily by changes in detritivore abundance.
    [Show full text]
  • Xi Crustaceans from Yucatan by Edwin P
    XI CRUSTACEANS FROM YUCATAN BY EDWIN P. CREASER [Reprinted irom Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 457, pages 117 to 132, February 5, 1936] XI CRUSTACEANS FROM YUCATAN BY EDWIN P. CREASER Introduction. Isopoda. Amphipoda. Mysidacea. Decapoda. Origin of the Malacostracan Fauna of Cenotes. Cirripedia. INTRODUCTION This is a report on the larger crustaceans collected during the summer of 1932 while the writer was a member of an expedition to the Yucatan Peninsula. The Copepoda and Cladocera, which have been studied by C. B. Wilson, the Ostracoda, studied by Norma C. Furtos, and certain parasitic crustaceans, which have been re- ported upon by A. S. Pearse, are not included. ORDER ISOPODA Family SPH/EROMID/E Sphasroma destructor Richardson 1897 Representatives of this species were found boring holes in an old log several hundred yards up the Rio Champoton, Champoton, Campeche on July 13, 1932. Spharoma destructor has been previously known only from fresh water at Palatka, Florida, and from southern California. Family CIROLANID/E Cirolana mayana Ives 1891 A single specimen was obtained among mangrove roots at the mouth of the Rio Champoton, Champoton, Campeche on July 12, 1932. This female specimen has a nearly triangular telson and the excavation on the outer part of the inner ramus of the uropod is not present. The spination of the appendages, the bristles on the antennae and the free pleurae of the fifth abdominal segments are typical. The differences noted in this specimen may be sexual or juvenile in character. Cirolana sp. Ocean just off the mouth of the Rio Champoton, July 13, 1932.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphipod Newsletter 11
    UN1VERSITETSBIBLIOTEKET I TROMS0 AMPHIPOD TROMS0 MUSEUM. .. " NEWSLETTER 11 THAT'S WHAT 1 00 TO APPEAR IN THE NEXT AMPHiPOD NEWSLETTfR! ' . ./ .', ', ~ ' • ~ ' • EDITED BY: Wim Vadsr, rro ms, /WU oI'lIJUI PRODUCED BY: Les Wolling, Unl1'6uily of 1rI(Jln~ 1 It is apparently unrealistic to ai m at 2 issu~s or th e n~wsletter each year ; 3 in 2 years appears to be the maximum frequency I am ab le to ma nage. This time the main reason for the delay has been th e time-consuming " index-project", the first installments of which form the main course of AN 11.1 had not really expected any positive reactions to my request for volunteers for this tedious job, so I was very agreeab ly s urprised to get a prompt offer for help from Dr. George I. Crawford in Northampton. Dr. Crawford has done virtually all the spadework for the index , while the d e partment of Crustacea at the British Museum (Natural History) and the d epartme nt of Zoology at Troms0 Mu seum have rendered clerical as s i s tance. I f the p re sen t " i ndex to ge ne l'a a nd above " is me t wi Lh app rovs.l by you (Please let u s h ear your conlm ents), Dr. Crawford is willing to have a go at the " index to species " also .Thi s is of course a still more formidable ta~< and it is unlikely to become avail- able before s umm er 1980, viz. in AN 13.
    [Show full text]