Exhibit 24. Visual Impacts.Pdf
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HIGH RIVER ENERGY CENTER Case No. 17-F-0597 1001.24 Exhibit 24 Visual Impacts Contents Exhibit 24: Visual Impacts ............................................................................................................. 1 24(a) Visual Impact Assessment ............................................................................................ 1 (1) Character and Visual Quality of the Existing Landscape ............................................ 2 (2) Visibility of the Project ................................................................................................. 6 (3) Visibility of Above-Ground Interconnections and Roadways ...................................... 7 (4) Appearance of the Facility Upon Completion .............................................................. 8 (5) Lighting ....................................................................................................................... 9 (6) Photographic Overlays and Lines of Sight .................................................................. 9 (7) Nature and Degree of Visual Change from Construction .......................................... 13 (8) Nature and Degree of Visual Change from Operation .............................................. 17 (9) Operational Effects of the Facility ............................................................................. 18 (10) Measures to Mitigate for Visual Impacts ................................................................... 20 (11) Description of Visual Resources to be Affected ........................................................ 22 24(b) Viewshed Analysis ...................................................................................................... 23 (1) Viewshed Maps ......................................................................................................... 23 (2) Methodology ............................................................................................................. 23 (3) Viewer Groups Overview .......................................................................................... 25 (4) Scenic Resources Inventory ..................................................................................... 26 (5) Viewpoint Selection ................................................................................................... 37 (6) Photographic Simulations ......................................................................................... 40 (7) Mitigation Strategies ................................................................................................. 41 (8) Visual Impact Rating of Project Photo Simulations ................................................... 41 (9) Visible Effects Created by the Project ....................................................................... 46 (10) Outreach to Visual Stakeholders .............................................................................. 48 EXHIBIT 24 High River Energy Center, LLC Page i High River Energy Center Tables Table 24-1. Percentage of Landscape Similarity Zones within Five Mile VSA.............................. 4 Table 24-2. Percent Visibility of the Five Mile VSA ....................................................................... 6 Table 24-3. Inventory of Visual Resources within VSA ............................................................... 31 Table 24-4. Summary Table Simulation and Line of Sight Viewpoints ....................................... 38 Table 24-5. Visual Impact Rating Results Summary .................................................................. 43 Appendices Appendix 24-1 Visual Impact Assessment Appendix 24-2 Glint and Glare Analysis EXHIBIT 24 High River Energy Center, LLC Page ii High River Energy Center Exhibit 24: Visual Impacts 24(a) Visual Impact Assessment This Exhibit will track the requirements of proposed Stipulation 24, August 26, 2019, and therefore, the requirements of 16 NYCRR § 1001.24. In order to determine the extent and assess the significance of the visibility of the Project, a Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) has been conducted (see Appendix 24-1). The VIA includes both quantitative and qualitative identification of visually sensitive resources, viewshed mapping, confirmatory visual assessment fieldwork, visual simulations (photographic overlays), and proposed visual impact mitigation. Exhibit 24 provides an abbreviated version of the VIA and addresses the issues presented herein. Please refer to the full VIA in Appendix 24-1 of the Article 10 Application for greater detail. The Project proposes to install fixed, tracker, or a combination of both types of racking systems. As the technology is rapidly evolving for solar panel technology, and market conditions at the time procurement decisions need to be made are unknown at this time, the Applicant is proposing in this Application to evaluate both types of racking systems, with the final decision to be made and detailed in the Compliance Filing. The tracking and fixed array racking systems to be utilized would be similar to the Gamechange Solar Genius TrackerTM and the Gamechange MaxspanTM Pile Driven System, respectively, specification sheets of which have been included in Appendix 2-2 and Appendix 2-3. Regardless of the type of array racking system ultimately selected for the Project, the Applicant intends to utilize a solar module similar to the Jinko Solar Eagle 72HM G2 380-400 Watt Mono Perc Diamond Cell. A specification sheet for this module has been included in Appendix 2-1. Only selected elements of the Project would change based upon the combination of array racking system types used, but all changes would be within the Component fenceline and to the same land uses shown in the Proposed Layout. The location of interior access roads and inverters, depending upon the final locations, could differ from that shown in the Preliminary Design Drawings in Appendix 11-1. Land coverage ratios will also be adjusted but they are not expected to be substantial or significant. Again, land uses are the same in all locations. Accordingly, the drawings, plans, and maps required by Exhibit 11 depict a combination of both panel types, fixed and tracker. Approximately 50% of the panels are fixed and 50% are trackers. As part of the alternative layout evaluation, Exhibit 9 presents a site plan depicting all fixed panels. Consistent with that potential layout, the glare analysis contained in the VIA is premised upon an EXHIBIT 24 High River Energy Center, LLC Page 1 High River Energy Center all-fixed layout in order to present results that do not understate potential glare visibility, which will be mitigated to the maximum extent practicable. (1) Character and Visual Quality of the Existing Landscape The visual study area (VSA) for the Project is a 5-mile radius around the fenceline of the Facility and includes portions of Montgomery and Schenectady Counties with a small corner of Saratoga County in the northeast segment near the VSA boundary. Towns that are within the VSA are the Town of Amsterdam, City of Amsterdam, Charlton, Duanesburg, Florida. Glenville, Princetown, and Rotterdam. The Town of Florida is located south of the Mohawk River while the City of Amsterdam and Town of Amsterdam lie north of the river. The Mohawk River flows east-west approximately 0.75 miles north of the site and historically formed part of the Erie Canal in the New York State Canal System. The City of Amsterdam lies 2 miles northwest of the site and consists of low to medium intensity urban development with an estimated 2017 population of 17,974. The Town of Amsterdam is primarily suburban in character with an estimated population of 6,001. The Town of Florida where the Project is located is a rural, agricultural community with a population of approximately 2,718. Interstate-90 New York State (NYS) Thruway, a major east-west expressway, crosses the VSA and lies adjacent to and north of northern most part of the Project. Routes 5N and 5S are two state highways that allow for through travelling, located 0.8 miles north and 0.5 miles south of the Mohawk River respectively, and generally run east-west, paralleling the river. NY-30 is another highway located 2.0 miles west of the Project that provides high travel speeds with minimal disruption to the through traveling vehicles. NY-165 (Thayer Road) and CR 151 (Bulls Head Road) are perimeter roads around the arrays and have more drive access points and generally operate at lower operating speeds. The remaining roadways within the Project Area are classified as local roads and account for the largest percentage of total roadway miles. These roadways are short and facilitate direct access to adjacent property owners with many driveways and access points. The landscape in the VSA south of the river and the NYS Thruway where the Project is located is primarily a rural mix of rolling farmland consisting of cultivated crops and hay-pasture land with small intermittent and isolated forest groups, several of which serve as vegetated riparian zones for local streams. Within the VSA, aside from the urban characteristic of the City of Amsterdam, housing in Florida reflects its mostly rural character. Residences are generally on large lots with EXHIBIT 24 High River Energy Center, LLC Page 2 High River Energy Center many being farmsteads. Dense rural forested areas become more predominant trending easterly between 2 and 5 miles in Princetown, Glenville, and Rotterdam. Few water resources are within the VSA. Most are small unnamed tributary streams