Annual State of
Disaster Report (ASDR).
The crunch year 2020 A tale of anguish wrapped in a blessing www.necoc-opm.go.ug || [email protected] Scan code to read the ASDR Online ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Know Your Risk We live with risk! But do we Know it? Do we understand it? Annual State of Disaster Report 2020. Drawing: A mental illustration of a flood and elements at risk - Dara, a 6 year old. Publisher: Office of the Prime Minister The inaugural Report
Published by: Department of Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Management
Photographs: DRDPM & credited sources
Design & Production: Ms Pamela Komujuni-Kalule, Lt. Stanley Osaba, Mr Sandro Semedo, WO II Babeiha Wycliffe and Mr Justin Dralaze (ScreenSmith)
© 2020 Office of the Prime Minister
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Email: [email protected] Website: www.necoc-opm.go.ug Twitter: @OPMUganda | @dpmopm Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 i | | ii ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Contents List of Acronyms
Annual State of Disaster Report
The inaugural Report ASDR
PREFATORY REMARKS THE COMPLEX SHIFT COVID Corona Virus Disease SECTORAL IMPACTS CSO Civil Society Organisation Forward iii COVID 19 Pandemic - A tale of tension and Disaster impacts by sub region 13 Chapter unprecedented uncertainty 69 DCP District Contingency Plan Opening Note v DRDPM Department of Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Management Disaster impacts by sector 14 The Risk - A dynamic and more complex shift 71 DRR Disaster Risk Reduction Statement of Purpose vi Loss due to 2020 disasters 15 The National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas 72 DRM Disaster Risk Management 03 FY Financial Year Social-demographic and Economic sector 17 GDP Gross Domestic Product
Chapter Agriculture and food security sector 21 HC Health Centre IDP Internally Displaced Person Water and Sanitation sector 27 IOM International Organization for Migration Health sector 33 MOH Ministry of Health 02 NDP National Development Plan Education sector 39 ASDR CONTEXT WRAP-UP NDPMP National Disaster Preparedness and Management Policy Housing and Shelter sector 43 NECOC National Emergence Operations and Coordination Centre Objectives 1 Reflections 75 NRVA National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas Chapter Transport and Infrastracture 49 Chapter About ASDR 2 Conclusion 77 OPM Office of the Prime Minister SDG Sustainable Development Goals
Protection and Gender 55 Report inaugural The Introduction 4 Last word 79 SFDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Environment and Natural Resources 59 01 Background 5 04 Headway - Disaster Forecast 80 SOPs Standard Operating Procedures Uganda Bureau of Statistics Cross cutting recovery actions and UBOS Overview of Disaster Impact in Uganda 6 UNIEWS - The Forecast Companion 80 UNDP United Nations Development Programme
reccomendations 65 UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UNHS Uganda National Household Survey Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 iii | | iv Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020
households affected by floods and millions of Ugandans environmental degradation and unplanned urbanization, Foreword directly and indirectly affected negatively by COVID-19 the profiled hazards remain a major hindrance to imposed lockdown and concurrent disasters especially resilience of individuals, communities, infrastructure floods. and livelihoods to disaster impact. —"In the year 2020 alone, the inextricable interaction of COVID-19 pandemic with Natural disasters in 2019/2020 caused Uganda an I therefore call upon technocrats both in government unprecedented flooding evolved Uganda’s risk economic loss amounting to UGX. 563,239,697,910 and non-government agencies, planners, policy and into a systemic one". (US$152.2 million). This loss was distributed across decision makers to move beyond fire-fighting methods key sectors namely; Transport and infrastructure of doing things and instead explore innovative ways Disasters, both naturally and human induced, in Uganda sector mainly roads and bridges - UGX 206.73billion; of dealing with what ‘could be’ while harnessing the are becoming frequent, increasing in complexity, Commercial and Residential Housing - UGX 154.21billion; transformative value of technology in generating consequently affecting more people, livelihoods Agriculture - UGX 77.37billion; Education - 35.44billion; predictions to guide anticipatory action. It is only then and systems than ever before. The complex nature Environment and Natural Resources - UGX 33.75billion; that we shall achieve our development aspirations as of disasters manifests through the overlapping and Health - UGX31.86billion and Water and Sanitation - outlined in the NDPIII and realize our national targets interconnectivity of certain risk drivers like we saw with UGX 23.88billion. for SDG 2030, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk COVID-19 and mass flooding across the country. Such Reduction 2030, and achieve Uganda Vision 2040. convolutions therefore, continue to test our ability as This inaugural National State of Disaster Report Vulnerable communities and the general public need policy and decision makers to deal effectively with the therefore, is an evidence based documentation to draw upon their experiences on living with and ever-increasing threats and crisis drivers. of disasters that devastated lives, livelihoods and managing risk to continuously step up efforts to reduce undermined our socio-economic development gains exposure while self-empowering to engage in early In the year 2020, the inextricable interaction of in the year 2020. Some of the profiled impact sadly, action. It suffices to say that disaster risk reduction and An aerial view of flooded COVID-19 pandemic with unprecedented rise in water reveals vital inadequacy in our current paradigm of management is everybody’s responsibility. Butiaba Landing Site on levels in Uganda evolved Uganda’s risk into a systemic managing disaster risks and crisis drivers. one. The consequences were devastating while the full the shores of L. Albert. impact is yet to be determined. By the end of December In December 2020, Government of Uganda finalized Besides human settlements 2020, a total of 72 lives had been lost directly attributed the first ever National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas which and commercial facilities, to flooding, while by the end of January 2021, a total social services were dam- highlights seven major hazards that have potential to Eng. Hilary O. Onek (MP) of 325 persons had succumbed to COVID-19. These are aged including a health impact all the sectors of Uganda’s economy in multiple Minister for Relief, Disaster Management and Refugees. exclusive of indirectly attributable deaths, the 356,639 ways. Coupled with risk drivers notably climate change, centre, water points, roads, $152.2M docking station and a fish processing plant. Most of these facilities were built ECONOMIC LOSS DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS FOR YR 2020 near the lake shore. v | | vi ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Opening Note Statement of Purpose
Paragraph XXIII of the National data up to date; developing national We implore all individuals, communities,
The inaugural Report The 2020 edition of the Uganda Annual State of Disaster Report (ASDR) is therefore an illustration of Objectives and Directive Principles of and sub-national contingency plans; institutions, organizations, public and the disaster incidents that happened in the country in 2020 and their accruing impact. It is a synthesis of State Policy of the 1995 Constitution forecasting, producing and disseminating private stakeholders who have any roles reports, ground experiences of victims and responders in affected communities. The report highlights the obliges the state to institute effective early warning information for disaster and responsibilities, whether directly or critical needs of affected persons and the response measures put in place by government and partners, machinery for dealing with any hazard or risks; leading and coordinating disaster indirectly, in anticipating, preventing, as well as pending recovery needs. disaster arising out of natural calamities needs assessments and emergency mitigating, preparing for, responding to, or any situation resulting in the general response operations; and compiling and and / or supporting rehabilitation and The ASDR 2020 is the inaugural report and will therefore form the First Edition. Every edition is aimed displacement of people or general publishing an annual national state of recovery from disasters and emergencies at showcasing a selected theme related to enhancing risk awareness, prevention, preparedness, better disruption of normal life. To fulfil this disaster report by the end of February; to read and internalize this ASDR. The response, sustainable recovery and resilience building. The theme for ASDR 2020 is “Know Your Risk” constitutional obligation, Office of the among other functions. documented impact, response and to amplify the first ever Uganda National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas which points out the hazards, risks, Prime Minister (OPM) was mandated to recovery needs point to an urgent need vulnerability and exposure of all sectors of the Ugandan society to devastating impact of disasters, and coordinate disaster risk management Additionally, the Policy emphasizes for collective and proactive action if we provides guiding actions that need to be undertaken to mitigate risk. issues through the Department of Relief, the need to consider social, economic are to effectively risk-proof Uganda’s Disaster Preparedness and Management and environmental costs of disasters citizens, flora and fauna, infrastructure, By publishing the disaster occurrences and their multi-sectoral impact, the ASDR 2020 is informing the (DRDPM). during the planning and development livelihoods, and broader socio-economic public of what risks comprise danger to lives, livelihoods, property, infrastructure and social services; as processes both for public and private aspirations from the harsh reality of well as what they can do to proactively minimize damage and loss. To ensure disaster risk management is stakeholders. The National Development disasters. well coordinated, OPM spearheaded the Plan III recognizes disasters as a major The ASDR 2020 is a product of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Secondary data analysis development of the National Disaster threat to the planned development formed the main source of information since throughout the year, Government and humanitarian partners Preparedness and Management Policy interventions, outcomes and economic conduct assessments as events happen. To generate an annual report, the various reports are analyzed, (NDPM) in 2011. According to the NDPM growth (Section 2.3.1). To enhance synthesized and complemented with selected case studies as applicable. Case studies of hazard, risk and Policy, the DRDPM is the lead agency disaster risk management capacities disaster profiles and incidences were profiled to highlight the ever present and increasing reality of our responsible for disaster preparedness in order to combat the recognized days – disasters defying human ingenuity. and management in Uganda and threat, it is important to have a fair Hon Musa Ecweru
coordinates disaster risk reduction, understanding of the exact disasters Report inaugural The State Minister for Disaster Preparedness and prevention, preparedness, mitigation and their impact on the various sectors Management and response actions. This is done of the economy. This annual state of Climate change, weather variability, environmental degradation, working closely with other government disaster report thus presents the disaster unplanned urbanization among others, are increasing the James Collins Dombo and non-government entities. incidents in a given year, and for this vulnerability of Ugandan citizens, livelihoods and infrastructure to Ag Permanent Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister inaugural edition, disaster incidents in the negative impact of disasters. Unfortunately, efforts to manage Accordingly, the policy assigns the 2020 and their human, social, economic the disaster risk is partially hindered by lack of well documented DRDPM several functions including; and environmental impact to inform disaster data including impact on the various sectors of society as mapping hazard, risk and vulnerability prevention, mitigation and recovery well as tools to measure and gauge progress towards resilience. of the country and keeping such planning. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 River Nyamwamba expanded banks - Kasese District vii | | viii ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
ASDR Context
Chapter 01 The inaugural Report inaugural The Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 IDPs lining up to receive relief items in Bulisa District Submerged Wanseko trading centre and landing site 1 | | 2 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report ASDR Overall Goal
The overall goal of the ASDR is to inform About ASDR the government and non-government ASDR Objectives stakeholders, private sector, development The ASDR is an annual publication by the Department of Relief, Disaster Preparedness partners, civil society, communities and and management, to profile disaster and emergency events that happen in a members of the public about the status of given year. Throughout the year, the Department receives reports about disaster Objective One occurences from various government agencies, districts, partners like NGOs and disaster occurrences, progress in responding CSOs operating in communities, Uganda Red Cross Society, community reports and managing disaster risks, gaps and Profile and present Objective Two and situational reports from the National Emergency Coordination and Operations disaster events that Centre. These are complemented by validation exercises and field assessments recommendations for enhancing disaster risk devastated the country Highlight the socio-economic condicted by the Department's technical staff. Additional information is obtained through the year 2020. and environmental impact of from sources like the monthly disaster Infographic reports produced by the IOM, and
management. such disasters in 2020. verifiable media sources. The above data is then subjected to rigorous analysis and Report inaugural The corroboration to derive the annual state of disaster reports highlighting the critical needs of affected persons & the response measures put in place by government & partners, as well as pending recovery needs. The ASDR 2020 was made possible through effort and contribution from technical officers from OPM, other Ministries, District Disaster Management Committes, UN Agencies like UNDP, IOM, UNICEF Objective Three Objective Four and others. Provide a disaster Identify gaps in disaster risk forecast for the year management and propose Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 2021 and recommend recommendations for mitigating actions. improvements. 3 | | 4
The engagement of the security forces Introduction in disaster management therefore cannot be over-emphasised. Many — times the forces have been first line responders during disaster
The inaugural Report The world as we knew it is in The year 2020 was unprecedented normalcy. With a cumulative 39,606 "Serving a little better everyday" incidents. in more ways than one. COVID19 positive cases and 325 » deaths as at January 31st 2021 (MoH Evidently, when the country had a calamitous transition, and without Prolonged torrential rains pounded Uganda, 2021), several sectors of the desert locust invasion in 2019/20, several parts of Uganda triggering economy still not operational and the UPDF was out to battle the multi-sectoral flooding impact in others operating at half capacity due unconventional enemy in the fields. 82 districts out of the 135 districts. to lockdown measures, the impact deliberate effort to prevent, Besides the usual flooding, a of COVID19 on lives, livelihoods Recently, as the world was shaken twist to the 2020 flooding was an and systems lingers on, yet to be by an unprecedented COVID 19 unprecedented rise in water levels measured because the pandemic is Pandemic that compelled the of the major lakes i.e. Lake Victoria, still raging. country into a lockdown the forces mitigate and adapt, the present Kyoga and Albert, as well as River were out supporting the door to door Nile and Sezibwa, among others. After nearly 70 years, East Africa distribution of relief food to save The rise in water levels elicited witnessed the resurgence of desert and sustain lives of the vulnerable in-land flooding in all communities locusts. The desert locusts made Although the cardinal role of the persons. This is in addition to the and future we desire is at stake, neighboring lake shores and river land fall in North-Eastern Uganda security forces is to preserve and numerous operations that security banks, up to 3km inland in some on February 9th 2019, affected defend the sovereignty and territorial forces have supported in response communities. Landing sites and crops and vegetation mainly in the integrity of Uganda, the need for to landslides, floods, displacements entire villages in Buliisa, Kayunga Karamoja districts and Teso. To-date, them to engage in saving lives and civil unrest. due to increasing vulnerability, and Nakasongola, for example, have the desert locusts still prevail, during disasters and emergencies, been sub-merged and turned into but thanks to strong cross-border and to ensure advancement of In addition the UPDF and UPF fully-fledged extensions of the water initiatives across East Africa, the agendas for resillient communities contiinue to support the NECOC bodies. success in fighting the invasion in has never been more vital. with technical capacity. hazards, risks and consequently Kenya often translated to reduced Needless to say, on Saturday 21st risk of invasion in Uganda. This role is embedded in the history, March 2020, Uganda registered culture and socio economic factors her first positive case of Corona accentuated by the Constitution disasters. Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) which provides among others the and the measures that followed, UPDF “to cooperate with the Civilian Brig Gen. Stephen Oluka albeit necessary, stifled lives and authority in emergency situations Head of NECOC - OPM livelihoods, introduced ‘a new and in cases of natural disasters" normal’ in innumerable ways. One year later, the country is yet to regain 5 | | 6 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Background Overview of — Disaster Impact Cost of Relief Destroyed Cost of Relief
The inaugural Report Floods, drought, landslides, hail/wind storms, fire, terrorist urban, and this trend is predicted to increase every year. attacks, pests and diseases, earthquake, human and livestock With the current cities and more in offing, comes more urban in Uganda. $89.3 10,458 $22.14 epidemics are not a new phenomenon in Uganda. These centers, which raises the need to make urban living safe and HOUSES hazards are recurrent in some communities and sporadic practical for everyone. Existing and emerging cities and urban — billions millions in others, depending on natural geography, ecosystem, centers in Uganda are however still challenged with systemic An estimated 2,718 Ugandans have lost lives due to landslides - Earthquake Risk analysis shows average annual loss1 of USD 22.14 Disaster impacts have continued to structural and social vulnerability. What is novel however, risk, climate change and disasters, especially flooding, (1900 - 2018). million and by 2018, earth quake had destroyed 10,458 houses, making it erode Uganda’s national development is, the magnitude, intensity and scope of impact, that these pollution, fire and other socio-technological risk drivers. the second most destructive after floods. Even though with a long return gains, in public and private sector hazards are manifesting into disasters. period, when earthquake occurs, the damage and loss is enormous. The urban risk continues to be exacerbated by rapid investments. In the process of compiling Whereas the natural hazards have largely remained the population growth, high rural-urban migration, inequality, the National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas, same, the vulnerability and risk factors have evolved, albeit among others, which factors provide a conducive environment it was established that disaster losses negatively. Additionally, human induced especially socio- for unplanned settlements / housing and slums. For example, due to prevalence of different hazards were costing Uganda a significant technological hazards are increasingly changing the disaster the rise in the water levels of Lake Victoria in 2020 revealed Food Insecure Cost of Relief Events Deaths risk landscape. a harsh reality of the adverse cost of unplanned urbanization percentage of the GDP. For example, and environmental degradation in metropolitan Kampala parts of Nakasongola, Kayunga, Buliisa, 5M $6.7 2,066 and Ntoroko have been sub-merged Uganda’s hard-won development gains are increasingly prone and surrounding areas of Wakiso and Mukono. Unplanned PEOPLE INCIDENTS 1,332 PEOPLE to erosion by naturally and human induced disasters, hence urbanization also strains effective social service delivery, yet and turned into fully-fledged extension millions of the water bodies. undermining socio-economic development aspirations. With this is critical to building urban resilience. In 2016, drought left approx 5million people food insecure and Between January 2016 and June 30th 2018, a total of 2,066 drowning increasing disasters, it is increasingly becoming unlikely that about UGX 25 billion diverted from development activities to events were reported out of which 1,332 (64%) died and 734 (36%) survived. Uganda will meet the targets of the Sustainable Development The urban risk reduction agenda can therefore only be relief. Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster sustainable if it is spearheaded by city, urban and local Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2030. Climate change and hydro- government authorities, since these are not only the -3.5% meteorological disasters are challenging the established first responders but also hold the primary responsibility agricultural based livelihoods of over 80% communities in for risk-informed physical and land use planning. With Average reduction of GDP perfomance
Uganda. Whatever plans and preparations for a desired future unprecedented challenges heightened by climate change and due to disaster (case period 2010 - 2014) Report inaugural The - Uganda therefore should not be devoid of measures to rural-urban immigration, there is urgent need to strengthen Affected Cost of Relief Strikes Deaths combat climate change and its consequent weather- related the capacities of urban authorities to reduce and manage risk vagaries. in an effective and sustainable manner. 50,000 $62 70 586 NECOC Officers using a drone to PEOPLE STRIKES/KM PEOPLE Predictions show that by 2050, two-thirds of the World’s $756m millions validate reports in the aftermath of population will be living in cities and urban areas floods and landslide in Bundibugyo Each year, the impact of floods in Uganda is estimated at USD Uganda suffers approximately 70 lightning strikes per kilometer per year (UNDRR,2020), which drives us to a conclusion that our future Total Loss due to damages and losses of District. 62million in GDP, and directly affecting 50,000 people and and between 2007 – 2014, 586 people, (395 of whom were learners) were is urban. Uganda has started her urbanization journey with the disasters between 2010 - 2011. between 1993 -2018, flood had destroyed 65,458 houses. killed and 727 injured by lightning.
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 creation of an additional 7 cities in 2020 and more 8 planned by 2023. By end of 2019, 6.0% of Uganda’s population was
1Average Annual Loss (AAL) is the long term expected losses per year, averaged over many years and linked to the approximate return periods of specific hazard with significant intensity events. 7 | | 8 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Analysis from Post Disaster 2020 Direct Economic Loss Assesment According to the assessment findings, in 2020 disasters caused direct economic losses worth UGX 563.24billion, which is According to an OPM/UNDP equivalent to 0.42% of the nominal GDP of Uganda with losses The inaugural Report Disaster Needs assessment to sectors (fig 1). report (2020) carried out in 84 Regaining districts in the 11 sub-regions of Fig 1: 2020 Direct economic loss development gains Uganda, respondents reported 206.73 Bn devastating multi-sectoral impact 37% Elevating from floods, landslides, lightning, windstorms, hailstorms, desert risk awareness locusts, and drought. — The National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (NRVA) 2020 - The Crunch Year: 154.21 Bn 27% should be localized at community level to enable A tale of anguish wrapped in a blessing. communities especially those living in disaster risk zones play more proactive roles in risk and — disaster threat identification Disasters are by no means strange to Ugandans but the record of a rise in water levels of all the major rivers, lakes year 2020 was unprecedented. Notably, two major events and wetland systems in Uganda. The rise in water levels as well in developing and stand out from the various disasters that occurred in 2020. hence pushed the river banks, lake shores and wetland 77.37 Bn implementing preventive, COVID-19 and floods which happened in an overlapping boundaries exponentially inland, invading farm lands, 14% mitigation and preparedness fashion triggering cascading multi-sectoral negative impact. gardens, protected areas, sub-merging infrastructure, actions against the identified settlements, health and education facilities, leaving a trail risks. Ideally, extensive rains signify large of amounts of water, of destruction including displacement of entire villages.
35.44 Bn Report inaugural The which is crucial to improved soil moisture conditions hence Moreover, the flooding triggered by rise in water levels 33.75 Bn 6% 31.86 Bn 6% a flourishing agricultural output; adequate water reservoirs happened concurrently with the periodic flooding of 23.88 Bn 6% for crop and livestock production; sufficient water volumes low-lying communities, and flash flooding in urban areas. 4% to power hydro-electricity generation; extended breeding The Floods were further accompanied by hailstorms, grounds for fish reproduction; and everything lush and landslides, lightning and windstorms among others. In the green. Undoubtedly, water is a blessing! end, the 2020 heavy rains turned out to be a ‘tale of anguish wrapped in a blessing’. Water Education Housing Health Agriculture Transport Environment However, the heavy rains in 2020 brought with them a twist to the blessing – increased water triggered a historical Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 Songalendo landing site, Buliisa District 9 | | 10 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
Sectoral Impacts
Chapter 02 The inaugural Report inaugural The Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 11 | | 12 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Persons Affected Persons Displaced Deaths 356,639 direct effect on 356,639 households with 26,056 26,056 households with 126,182 persons were 72 Flooding caused deaths of 72 people H/Holds 1,759,079 persons. H/Holds displaced. Persons The inaugural Report
An inundated homestead in Mpigi District
2020 Sectoral Disaster Impacts
The 2019/20 flooding caused The last quarter of 2019 was characterized by heavy The flood affected population lost food crops, death, injuries and displace- rains which continued in the second, third and livelihood sources and houses. Social service ment; loss of livelihood sourc- es; destruction of infrastruc- fourth quarters of 2020. The prolonged heavy rains delivery was greatly disrupted by enormous ture, property and gardens; caused flash floods in urban areas, water logging damage to roads and bridges, health facilities, limited access to critical facil- and flooding in most parts of Western, Central, water points, among others. The affected ities (schools and health cen- ters); reduction of cattle prices Eastern and Northern Uganda. Additionally, the population especially the IDPs lack access to food, in major markets; sexual and heavy rains caused a record setting rise of water safe water, shelter and other basic services. Report inaugural The gender-based violence; and levels in major lakes i.e. Lake Victoria, Lake Albert increased crime cases in disas- and Lake Kyoga; and major rivers namely River 350,201356,639 25,45626,056 ter-hit areas. Households Affected Households Displaced Nile, River Sezibwa and their tributaries. Major with with wetland systems also saw a rise in water levels with 1,759,079 125,182 Persons 126,182Persons some submerged into water bodies. The rise in water levels of the various water bodies did not only displace communities, but also devastated livelihoods especially for the fishing commu- nities. The picture above shows idle fishing canoes since the owners could nolonger access the lake. 72 DEATHS Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 13 | | 14 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Disaster Impact by sub-region Disaster Impact by sector The Post Disaster Assessment revealed that Karamoja, South Western, Central and Lango experienced the biggest number of disasters The assessment showed that floods had the greatest multi-sectoral impact, followed by Landslides and windstorms affecting 80% of the sectors. Desert locusts during 2019/2020 and hailstorms had the least multi-sectoral impact. The gender sector was the most affected by all profiled disasters; followed by agriculture and food security
The inaugural Report sector which was affected by 90% of the disasters. Housing, education, health, environment, and sociodemographic sectors were affected by 57% of the disas- Busoga Elgon Elgon ters. The transport sector experienced the least number of hazards, but recorded the greatest damage. Buyende, Luuka, Kapchorwa, Bukwo, Namayingo, Kamuli, Kween, Tororo, Mbale, Jinja, and Mayuge Sironko, and Manafwa
Sociodemographic Central Karamoja Rwenzori Water & Sanitation & economic Rakai, Kyotera, Masaka, Napak, Nakapiripiti, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Mpigi, Nakasongola Moroto, and Amudat Kamwenge, Ntoroko, Key: and Luwero, Mukono, Bundibugyo and Kayunga Kasese.
Drought Agriculture & Food South-Western Lango Housing Health Desert Locust Security Rubanda, Rukungiri, Amolatar, Otuke, Kisoro, Kabale, Rukiga Kwania, Alebtong, Earthquake and Isingiro Apac, Dokolo
Windstorm
West Nile Education Transport Environment Report inaugural The Floods Arua, Packwach, Nebbi, Yumbe, Moyo, Hailstorm Obongi, Adjumani, Zombo Landslides
Lightning Gender Security Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 15 | | 16 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Road safety: There was a 4.7% reduction in the number of crashes re- Loss due to the 2020 disasters by sector and region Traffic, Road safety, Fire and Rescue ported in 2020 from 12,858 crashes reported in 2019 to 12,249 crashes reported in 2020. The 2019/2020 disasters in Uganda led to an estimated loss of about 563.2 billion shillings to all sectors. The sectors that experienced the biggest loss were trans- port and housing with 206.7 billion shillings and 154.2 billion shillings respectively whereas the sector that experienced the least loss due to disasters was water Fatal crashes reduced by 4.1%, serious crashes reduced by 3.2%, and and sanitation with 23.8 billion shillings (table 1). Regionally, Central and Busoga regions suffered the most due to disasters with an estimated loss of 99.1 billion emergencies. minor crashes reduced by 8.2%.
The inaugural Report shillings and 96.8 billion shillings respectively whereas the West Nile experienced the least loss of about 2.7 billion shillings.
Table 01: Loss due to the 2020 disasters by sector and region With 13,012 casualties/victims from crashes in 2020 compared to 14,690 casualties in 2019, representing a reduction of 11%. Fire and Rescue emergencies: There was a 1.6% increase in incidents, from 999 Transport Housing Agriculture Environment Education Health Water Total incidents in 2019 to 1,015 in 2020. Fire incidents were mainly caused by unat- Comparison of crashes Elgon 26,076,700,000 39,880,000,-000 6,859,786,200 935,000,000 5,126,299,671 - 6,829,291,000 85,707,076,871 tended charcoal stoves/candle wax/matchbox, Electrical short circuit, and heated between 2019 & 2020 appliances. Bunyoro 1,990,417,048 9,672,000,000 - 193,000,000 562,880,000 - - 12,418,297,048 7,000 Busoga 29,247,000,000 39,060,000,000 22,051,233,208 - 6,378,900,000 - 91,000,000 96,828,133,208
Central 52,392,000,000 13,500,000,000 700,959,000 24,103,000,000 4,469,865,771 75,600,000 3,867,000,000 99,108,424,771 Fatalities from crashes 6,000
Karamoja 16,487,000,000 15,226,000,000 8,127,215,000 7,606,000,000 2,509,435,000 1,262,766,000 3,004,698,000 54,223,114,000 Destroyed Effects of Fires 979 350 5,803
160 5,617 Lango 21,776,400,000 22,240,000,004 18,255,294,524 - 7,138,000,000 - - 69,409,694,528 3,663 5,000 Causes of Incidents
200 151 Rwenzori 35,736,000,000 12,111,500,000 8,794,723,450 720,000,000 4,787,760,000 30,139,195,000 3,428,000,000 95,717,178,450 300 140
180 290 4,000 South West 21,033,651,900 2,519,000,000 12,582,907,573 - 3,904,822,513 385,100,000 6,656,000,000 47,081,481,986 173 8,370 160 250 120 West Nile 1,990,417,048 - - 193,000,000 562,880,000 - - 2,746,297,048 3,000 140 3,269 3,177 206,729,585,996 154,208,500,004 77,372,118,955 33,750,000,000 35,440,842,955 31,862,661,000 23,875,989,000 563,239,697,910 100 3,135 200 Minor Injuries Serious Injuries Deaths 2,916 120 189 ECONOMIC SLOW DOWN DUE TO COVID 19 2,000 80 100 169 150 Casualities Besides the direct economic losses above, COVID-19 caused slowdown in economic growth especially in the second half of the FY, and increased government 150
80
borrowing aimed at mitigating effects of the lockdown. There was negative GDP growth of -3.2% by second quarter of FY2019/20, loss of over 1,000 jobs in 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 Report inaugural The 60 1,000
tourism, and deficit in Non-Tax Revenue (UGX 628.30 billion) due to disruption of hospitality industry. In addition, the country experienced a 50% reduction in 100 business activity and international trade tax collections registered a shortfall of UGX 1,220.25 billion in the FY 2019/20 (OPM 2021). 60 40 13,012 40 - 50 14,690 32 31 30 20 20
0 0 Fatal Crashes Minor Crashes +14% Charcoal Ele ctric Unattended Homes Ele ctric and Coomercial Makeshift 2020 2019 crashes Serious Ugx 563,239,697,910 stove Appliances Heated Destroyed Motor Buildi ngs 0 2020 2019 Increament from year 2019 Appliances Vehicles Persons Killed Persons rescued
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 TOTAL LOSS DUE TO DISASTERS 17 | | 18 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Socio-demographic and Economic sector The inaugural Report DISTRICTS 80 REPORTED ADVERSE EFFECTS OF FLOODS, LANDSLIDES, HAILSTORMS AND WINDSTORMS IN 2020 A comprehensive assessment of the damage and loss was conducted in 54 districts. 72 deaths and 1,326 injuries were reported as directly caused by the disasters. A total of 1,759,079 people or 356,963 families were affected (IOM/OPM Info sheet November 2020; OPM disaster assessment reports, 2020).
7.7% 17.7%
37.2%
46% 54% 37.4% The inaugural Report inaugural The
Locals in numbers in Aloet Community Market, Soroti District without much regard to COVID 19 SOPs
Senior Citizens Youth(18-49) Children(5-18) Babies(<5)
In terms of gender and age: 54% were women and 46% were men, 17.7% babies with age less than 5 years, 37.4% children between age of 5 and 18 years, 37.2% youth with age from 18 to 49 years and the remaining 7.7% seniors above 50 years (National Population and Housing, Census 2014). 13,695 of the total affected population were Persons with Special Needs (PSNs). Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 19 | | 20 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Table 02: Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the assessed sub-regions Internal Displacement. Summary of the HH Litracy HH Size (%) by HH Income range Sub-region Population Average level 126,182 persons were internally displaced translating Response interventions Gender (Monthly in UGX) The inaugural Report age group (%) to 26,056 households. 29,508 people or 5,902 families socio-demographic and had returned to their places of origin by December Male Female for affected 2020. Most of the displaced people sought tempo- Bunyoro 1,423,937 48.3 51.7 19-25 61.8 100,000 - 300,000 economic characteristics rary shelter in their relatives' houses. Others continue Busoga 3,250,328 47.7 52.3 19-25 52.6 100,000 - 300,000 to temporarily reside in schools, churches and pub- population. Central 1,972,686 48.7 51.3 13-18 68.8 100,000 - 300,000 lic centers in very crowded conditions lacking beds, Government of Uganda and partners provided relief of the disaster affected Elgon 1,865,599 48.8 51.2 19-25 66.7 Less than 50,000 hygiene items and food. The crowded displacement food and non-food items to the disaster victims in Karamoja 857,176 48.1 51.9 26-35 31.8 50,000 - 100,000 conditions increase the risk of COVID-19 transmission. different parts of Uganda covering a total of 72 districts. sub-regions Lango 1,290,471 49.7 50.3 19-25 68.7 100,000 - 300,000 As schools re-opened, IDPs in schools were asked to vacate which heightened their plight. The items are itemized in table 04 on the left: Rwenzori 2,519,910 48.9 51.1 13-18 62.8 100,000 - 300,000 South Western 1,824,490 48.6 51.4 19-25 70.7 100,000 - 300,000 Table 04: Relief Internventions West Nile 789,927 49.7 50.3 19-25 62.5 50,000 - 100,000 Relief items Quantity Recommendations for The greatest number of people affect- Maize Flour 3,212,288 Kgs ed by disasters were in Busoga sub-re- Table 03: Population and households affected by disasters in the different sub-regions gion whereas the biggest number of Beans 1,043,578 Kgs socio-demographic sector. displaced people due to disasters were Rice 1,000 Kgs Sub-region Affected Displaced Deaths Injured found in Western (Kasese, Ntoroko, Cooking Oil 800 ltrs To ensure the disaster victims’ needs are well identified and responded to, there is need to; Buliisa) and Lango sub-region. Most Sugar 26,401 Kgs • Identify and assess the affected people by disaggregating them by age and sex since deaths due to disasters were reported Household People Household People People People Milk 2,810 Ltrs different age groups and gender have varying needs. in South Western Uganda, while the Bunyoro 18,266 131,101 6,008 18,053 - 7 biggest number of injured people were Juice 3,400 ltrs • Provide communities access to soft credit to restart their livelihoods. Busoga 70,852 310,399 500 - - 700 recorded in Busoga sub-region (table Mosquito nets 1,861,744 pieces • Provide psychosocial support to the affected community members 3). The key informants revealed that the Central 15,076 72,097 1,574 6,838 17 - Blankets 2,300 pieces • Carry out registration of village household members to obtain baseline data for recovery Report inaugural The elderly and children were mostly affect- Elgon (Incl. Sebei) - 150,929 - - 4 - interventions ed by disasters. This group had diffi- Jerry cans 113,666 pieces Karamoja 48,257 241,471 10,146 15,913 1 - culty in fleeing the affected areas and Basins 2,900 pieces • Sensitize the communities about risks and hazards, environmental management, Lango 47,324 267,005 1,361 49,385 15 49 the children were highly affected by wa- Iron Sheets 5,160 pieces population control measures and income generating programs ter-borne diseases. Rwenzori 2,538 12,690 1,737 8,685 9 85 Tarpaulins 29,935 pieces • Promote Disaster Risk Insurance Mechanisms South Western 104,006 305,396 1,654 15,468 30 485 Soap 424 bars West Nile 46,320 267,991 3,076 11,840 - - Powder detergent 200 Kgs Note: The table above was updated to included affected persons / households from Kayunga and Bullisa Face Masks 180,000 pieces districts which were not part of the post disaster assessment.
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 Sanitary pads 3,880 packets 21 | | 22 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Table 05: Damage and Loss of agricultural resources in the different regions of Uganda due to the 2019/2020 disasters
Agriculture I
and food security + o a an o o t e t en or aramo a on entra Estimated e toc
The inaugural Report A total of 5,424.5 acres of crops were c en 102 9 1 200 9 0 1 199 00 1 999 2 000 destroyed by floods (OPM/UNDP Flood loss to the o 1 01 1 0 12 0 10 2 1 000 1 09 00 000 needs assessment report), while geospatial 77.4Billion (Ugx) c 2 01 2 01 0 19 000 analysis estimated 50,000 hectares of ag- oat 1 1 1 2 0 0 2 9 1 92 9 2 ricultural land affected by flooding in No- Agriculture and 2 00 2 2 0 1 2 9 000 vember 2020 alone, with Karamoja, West ee 1 00 0 2 2 00 9 0 000 Nile, Western and parts of Central Uganda food security r ey 1 012 1 012 0 0 000 as most affected. In Kayunga district alone, 22 21 0 001 2 over 6,000 acres of land were submerged sector oo ro cre ama e by rising water levels of Lake Kyoga, River anana 00 000 1 91 1 9 02 01 99 99 220 Nile and River Sezibwa, and most of this ean 0 000 11 1 0 2 0 1 22 1 9 1 0 land was crop gardens and farm lands. a a e 9 1 2 1 2 00 000 arrot 12 12 12 00 000 The 2020 disasters led to an estimated a a a 2 1 1 1 00 1 000 9 0 loss of about 77.4 billion shillings to the ro n t 1 000 0 19 0 2 00 000 agriculture sector. Food crops were mostly Ir otatoe 9 0 2 100 1 0 2 12 2 20 2 affected with an estimated loss of about a e 220 000 1 9 29 000 1 1 2 9 1 11 012 0 49.9 billion shillings and cash crops were a on fr t 10 00 10 009 99 99 200 least affected with an estimated loss of ea 000 20 000 about 5.8 billion shillings. The most affect- nea e 2 1 190 200 000 ed food crops were beans, maize and ba- or m 1 120 10 00 11 20 1 0 0 0 000 nana plantations whereas the most affected eet otatoe 200 2 220 12 00 1 000 221 19 99 1 1 2 9 0 cash crops were coffee and rice. A total of omatoe 1 0 2 2 1 9 2 990 228,453 livestock were affected by disas- e eta e 00 000 00 000 00 000 ters with an estimated loss of about 21.7 ater e on 20 20 10 000 000 Report inaugural The a ro cre ama e 1 1 1 9 9 9 2 2 1 Direct Contribution to billion shillings. Busoga region experienced ocoa 19 19 1 200 000 Employment GDP. the biggest loss of agricultural resources of about 22.1 billion shillings due to the 2020 offe 1 000 000 0 9 1 00 119 9 2 00 A vast number of According to the disasters and the Central region experi- ort c t re 120 1 12 00 000 Ugandans indirectly UNHS (2016), rely on agricultural Agriculture directly enced the least loss (table 5). ce 0 000 000 0 9 1 00 000 related activities as employs 36% of ea 2 2 1 0 0 000 their major source Ugandans contributing The flood induced crop and livestock pro- of livelihood. The 20-30% of the GDP. an a 1 2 1 2 21 2 00 impact on agriculture duction shortfalls are expected to continue therefore directly in 2021 since most of the submerged and eat 191 191 2 0 000 contributed to A flooded maize garden resulting from rising water levels of R. Nile in Kayunga District 1 00 2 2 000 Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 reduced household inundated crop and farm lands are still incomes. inaccessible ota 22 0 1 2 20 1 2 29 2 12 2 90 9 2 0 12 21 000 9 200 00 9 9 000 2 11 9 23 | | 24 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
Report inaugural The Above: Masereka Daniel pointing to what was part of Cocoa Farm destroyed by mudslide in Bundibugyo District Left: Flooded sorghum garden in Butaleja District. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 25 | | 26 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Recovery Actions.
Response The following recovery actions were identified for the Agriculture and food security sector (OPM, months
The inaugural Report National Recovery Plan 2020) 36+ interventions Long-term months d) Sustainable land for the OPM, National management: There is a need Recovery Plan 2020 to enforce the construction of Agriculture contours to control water run-off 12 Medium-term — in the areas that are fragile such as months a) Planning: Integrate disaster hilly areas south-western Uganda and food 03 risk reduction into development e) Establishment of Short-term and land use planning and OPM, National Recovery Plan demonstration sites: In have lost their livelihoods to floods. support the development of security drought-prone regions, support OPM, National Recovery Plan i) Provide multiple vaccinations and 2020 community resilience plans. the establishment of vegetable deworming alternatives for livestock for example b) Financial support: 2020 — nurseries and training of farmers sector. in Kwania district where cattle dips have been Financial/capital investments a) Support the breeding of bulls at the community of how their farms can be irrigated — submerged by the floods. should support community Government of Uganda and partners a) Provide the affected communities with level to support livestock farming, construct by solar pumped water j) Support construction and repair of engagement in the promotion provided food relief to disaster victims farm inputs like fast-maturing seed varieties, water reservoirs and valley dams; support animal f) Promote pasture Short term partially damaged fish ponds, stocking and of climate-smart agriculture, fertilizers, pesticides and equipment like quarantines, vaccinations against diseases especially management: Train pastoralists in the year 2020 amounting to; 3,212,288 providing fish feeds, Procurement of poly tanks particularly soil and water ox-ploughs, tractors and spray pumps to boost rabies and new castle, train community-based animal on pasture conservation and Kgs of Maize flour; 1,043,578 Kgs of (2000Ltrs) and solar water pump for fish tanks conservation structures. Support production. health workers. management and making hay Beans; 1,000 Kgs of Rice; 800 litres of k) Construction of spillways on vulnerable should also be extended to b) Offer credit to poor agricultural b) Construct silos to communities to increase food g) Sensitization, education ponds agricultural credit and insurance Cooking oil; 26,401 Kgs of Sugar; 2,810 households at affordable rates. security; construct small-scale irrigation schemes. and training: Sensitize farming l) Allocate a post COVID19 marketing services. litres of milk; and 3,400 litres of juice. d) Strengthen the already established or c) Strengthen the provision of extension services communities on sustainable budget of USD 0.5M for the export crops to c) Infrastructure: Support engage farmers using the farmer field schools and popularizing government livelihood programmes land management practices; regain market share, to be channelled through communities that require model such as Operation Wealth Creation, NUSAF III, Youth strengthen the capacity of the Uganda Export Promotion Board once machinery for post-harvest Report inaugural The e) Provide technical and advisory support to livelihood fund etc; Transportation of extension staff to fish farmers in disaster coping supply chains open. handling e.g. bean sorters and the affected farmers on post-harvest handling, offer technical services to the farmer communities strategies and management; and m) Promote the Lead Firm structure model maize huller machines, maize mills produce storage, value addition, etc. d) Protect, restore and improve the livelihoods of post-harvest handling techniques. (business linkages) for the domestic market- to store farm produce. Strengthen f) Procure and replace affected/lost affected communities. Strengthen the provision of agribusiness to widen the customer base community infrastructure through livestock, damaged beehives e) Sensitize communities about the Sustainable extension services in the affected Global n) Set up at least $2M fund to support the construction of wells, dams, g) Supply livestock feeds and supplements Land and Water Management (SLWM) techniques such areas. Capital Raise research on production technologies, markets water ponds etc. Enhance to communities that cannot access grazing land. as cover cropping, terracing and mulching (domestic & manufacturing) structures to enable farmers to h) Provision of poultry chicks to families that f) Promote avenues for household income diversification adopt surface irrigation. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 27 | | 28 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Water and Sanitation Estimated loss Floods in most regions contaminated the water sources a challenge and this led to the accumulation of solid 80% with pollutants and/ or filled and washed away people’s waste in the disaster-affected urban areas. Some + to the Water and The inaugural Report latrines. In communities affected by rising water levels people were discouraged from constructing new latrine Ugandans have access to especially communities and landing sites in Kayunga, facilities due to fear that disaster events may continue. improved water sources Sanitation sector Bullisa, Nakasongola and Ntoroko, safe water points However, some community members picked up interest (boreholes and yard taps) were submerged as well as after disasters and constructed pit latrines. 23.6Billions (Ugx) pit latrines and public toilets. In other areas, protected Poor sanitation and lack of access to safe water increased 97% Table 06: Damage and Loss of water sources in the different regions of Uganda due to disasters in 2019/2020 springs and deep boreholes were reported as most the risk of water-borne epidemics like cholera and other I Households are within 3 kilometres of affected. As a result, access to safe water became a poor hygiene-related diseases. Disasters caused an their main water source. challenge and sanitation was compromised with people estimated loss of 23.6 billion shillings to the water and on o t e t entra en or aramo a o a opting for open defecation. sanitation sector. Fig 2: Categories of safe water supply technology: Src MWE June 2018 83% Assessment findings showed a reduction in the number Of households in Uganda ee ore o e 19 22 129 129 1 2 9 of operational water sources after disaster events and use pit latrines
also, the average distance travelled to access water 44.0% increased for some water sources by more than 30 ra tat ona o c eme 1 1 minutes. Women and children were most affected as the distance to access water increased. 3% rotecte r n 1 1 2 1 1 9 Use flush toiletsam
It was further revealed that the latrine coverage a n ater ar e t n an 1 119 10 reduced by 5-20% in flood and landslide affected 7% areas. This was because the latrine facilities were either Do not have a latrine facility a o e 12 19 2 2 2 0
covered by mudslides/landslides or filled and washed 23.6% or use open defecation by floodwaters. This left some households with no 21.1% latrine facility to use hence resorting to using polythene ater o nt on er 1 200 201 bags and bushes as means of defecation. Continuation 16% of heavy rains after flood events led to the washing of Households in Uganda have ar a for c e 1 10 1 Report inaugural The
the fecal matter and solid waste into water sources and 10.9% handwashing facilitiesam clogging of drainage channels.
The disaster events also covered the burning or dumping 6% ota 9 9 1 2 2 12 2 0.4% sites for solid waste thus, during and immediately after % NO. OF PERSONS SERVED of the facilities are the events, there were no waste dumping sites and DEEP SHALLOW PROTECTED TAP STANDS RAINWATER BOREHOLES WELLS SPRINGS HARVEST equipped with soap and TANKS this led to the disposal of waste in open water and any o 29 291 000 000 000 000 000 2 000 000 00 9 000 91 000 000 23,875,989,000 Access to safe water and proper sanitation was adversely affected by water. other open spaces. The damaged roads further made disasters especially floods and landslides. The most common water Sources: UNHS 2016. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 the collection of solid waste by municipal councils sources in Uganda are boreholes and shallow wells (fig 2) above. 29 | | 30 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Recovery
The inaugural Report months
Actions months 36+ Long-term The following recovery actions were identified for the Water and Sanitation sector (OPM, National Recovery Plan 2020) OPM, National waste management 12 Medium-term Recovery Plan 2020 Installation of hydro meteoro- OPM, National Recovery logical early warning systems: _ Support regular issuance of Plan 2020 seasonal climate outlooks; and Equipment and technology: Installation of flood forecasting _ Establish small to large scale systems/equipment on the irrigation schemes to support major water systems. Docu- Infrastructure: Strengthen already agricultural production so ment traditional early warning constructed floodwalls, construction that the communities that had knowledge on disasters months and rehabilitation of destroyed and encroached wetlands can quit; 03 damaged water sources to increase Install Dry Box technology for Water facility development and Short-term access to safe water services; waste disposal in communities maintenance: Construction of rehabilitation of shallow wells, near swamps and underground valley tanks, deep boreholes, boreholes, and springs that were water sources to conserve water for the dry OPM, National Recovery swept away by storms; and creation season; formation of water Plan 2020 of bigger banks or the valley tanks to Development of manage- user committees; Installing check storm waters. ment plans: Support the solar-powered water pumps to _ development of wetland and enable semi-automatic water The inaugural Report inaugural The Improve latrine construction catchment/micro catchment distribution in the urban cen- technology: Construct Ventilated Provide: Clean drinking water, water management plans; strengthen tres; protection of water sourc- Improved Pit latrines at the landing tablets, hand washing facilities and water user committees, wet- es; desilting of valley tanks; sites, markets, and trading centres, detergent / soap, and mobile toilets to land and catchment manage- monitoring water sources for which can be emptied when full; the affected communities ment committees possible drying up; planting and construct Ecological Sanitation of drought-resistant trees to (Eco-San) latrines for low lying areas Flooded settlement on the shores of L. Victoria in Luzira Port Bell (Source: URN Online). The unattended to gabbage awash with flood waters created sanitation Water supply: Repair damaged water Solid waste management: moderate the microclimate. that have a high-water table. Construct landfills to improve challenges. sources Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 31 | | 32 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report The inaugural Report inaugural The
On the Left: A borehole rendered inaccesible due to flooding in Buliisa District. On the right: A woman fetching water from an unprotected water source in Nambyeso, Kwania District. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 33 | | 34 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Figure 3: Types of health facilities in Uganda. | Data Source: MoH, 2017 50%
Health Sector 44.2 Disaster Impacts on the Health Sector entry screening infrastructure was destroyed by floods 40% in Kikuube district. 35.7
30%
The inaugural Report The health sector was majorly affected by floods, windstorms, landslides, and lightning. The disasters The 2019/2020 disasters led to an estimated loss of damaged/destroyed the health facilities and equipment about 31.9 billion shillings to the health sector and the health 20% like medicine, shelves, drug fridges, shelves, registers, 17.1 microscopes, furniture, ambulances and testing kits, infrastructure were mostly affected with about 98%. and the transportation costs increased due to blocked Other health structural facilities that were affected 10% HH within roads. included hospital beds, iron sheets and placenta 5Kms of kits (Table 7). The Rwenzori sub-region was the most nearby 2.7 health affected area, where Kilembe hospital was greatly 0.2 facility There were several referrals of severe cases which 0% 0.03 were not manageable; reduced immunization rates damaged and the Central region was least affected. In Buliisa district, a newly refurbished Butiaba Health in disaster-affected areas; the increased prevalence Clinics HC II HC III HC IV Regional Referrals National Referrals of malaria; increased cases of malnutrition; reduced Centre III was submerged by lake waters and currently hospital visits of HIV patients; delay in the delivery of patients are accessing temporary services from the The health sector is impacted by neighbouring Wantembo Marine barracks health facility. Table 07: Damage and loss of the health sector due to the 2019/2020 disasters disasters mainly through damage medical stocks due to bad roads; delay in access to emergency health services; increased mortality cases to health infrastructure, medical Items Rwenzori Karamoja South West Central Damage Loss (UGX) due to malaria; and the paediatric ward in Kilembe equipment and constrained service Boilers - 7 - 2 9 9,000,000 delivery due to increase in disease Mines hospital was completely destroyed by floods. Drugs (cartons) 5 - 12 - 17 24,500,000 burden. In addition, Inaccessibility of roads due to disasters led to low antenatal attendance, increased malaria + Electricity 1 - - - 1 11,800,000 wiring system Health infrastructure includes private cases in pregnant women; low turn up for family Fridges - 8 2 2 12 40,000,000 and public health facilities ranging planning services; increased cases of home deliveries; Hospital Beds 2 33 - 38 73 28,500,000 from clinics, health centres and increased gender-based violence cases; increased Infrastructure 9 6 3 2 20 31,209,811,000 hospitals. maternal mortalities; and increased number of teenage 31.8Billion (Ugx) pregnancies. Rehabilitation Iron Sheets 125 - 93 - 218 11,750,000 The public health facilities are Report inaugural The Latrines - - 2 - 2 77,000,000 composed of health centre II, health Health workers and community structures intensified on Estimated loss to Mattresses 5 40 - 38 83 64,700,000 centre III, health centre IV, regional their surveillance beyond their routine and this increased resource utilization in terms of frequent ambulance Medical - - 7 - 7 2,100,000 referral hospitals and national referral equipment hospitals (fig 3). According to UBOS services provided; the proliferation of new diseases the Health sector such as pneumonia and bilharzia due to wet conditions; Placenta kits - - - 200 200 364,500,000 (2014), 60% of the households in Solar Panel 4 - 3 - 7 19,000,000 Uganda are within 5 kilometres of the rise in communicable and water-borne diseases due to contaminated water sources; difficulty in surveillance Loss (UGX) 30,139,195,000 1,262,766,000 385,100,000 75,600,000 31,862,661,000 nearby health facility. Effect on due to impassable roads; the disease reporting tools health and sheets were destroyed by floods; and a point of facilities Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 (2019/2020) 35 | | 36 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report The inaugural Report inaugural The
Newly rehabilitated Butiaba Health Centre III in Buliisa District submerged by floods resulting from rising water levels of L. Albert. Notably, it is important for People crossing flood water to access Rwangara Health Centre III in Ntoroko district all stakeholders to undertake risk assesments for any development or social service project. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 37 | | 38 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Recovery
Actions
The inaugural Report The following recovery actions were months identified for the health sector (OPM, months 36+ National Recovery Plan 2020) Long-term
surance Bill, 2019 that seeks to create tion Strategy for the Health Sector 12 Medium-term OPM, National Recovery a National Health Insurance Scheme g) Research and innovation: OPM, National the stakeholders Plan 2020 d) Health infrastructure: Sup- Advocate for more funding to be months d) Capacity building: port the increase of health facilities increased to improve research in the 03 Recovery Plan Support the health sector _ to increase access to quality health recovery of outbreaks Short-term 2020 in the training of staff in services, there is also need to ren- h) Sensitization, education and the areas of system alerts, a) Upgrading of health facilities: ovate and expand regional health training: Support community sen- government budget allocation is 7.2% of multisectoral stakeholders during OPM, National Recovery contact tracing, quarantine, Plan and support the upgrading of facilities to improve on the secondary sitization on disaster management, which is still far from the 15% target the handling of complex disaster _ laboratory and port health, the health facilities at all levels with care services, construct more modern empowerment of health workers on Plan 2020 d) Public health: Provide mobile incidences. and basic emergency care better wage provision to attract and pallet space warehouse for the Na- disaster management; community toilets at evacuation centres, camps f) Medical logistics and supplies: a) Development of e) Medical logistics and retain human resource personnel tional Medical Store. There is a need sensitization on WASH issues; and _ and settlements and installation Restock affected health facilities guidelines: Support the supplies: Restock affected b) Human resource: Support to establish specialized rehabilitation strengthen the VHTs with skills of mo- of community water and rainwater with medical and equipment National guidelines for health facilities with medical the recruitment of health workers centres and construction and rehabil- bilizing locals to visit health facilities a) Laboratory testing: Support harvesting tanks. Construction of at supplies; deal with malnutrition, Quarantine in the context of and equipment supplies; because the health worker (doctors, itation of completely and damaged for services. diagnostic testing for pandemics least 6 stance latrines at the affected supply malaria treatment kits and COVID19 and guidelines for deal with malnutrition, nurse and midwives) population ratio health facilities and staff houses. Re- i) Planning and policy: (COVID-19) is critical to tracking the health facilities; and de-silting of the mosquito nets to the most affected the use of masks supply malaria treatment of 1.92 health workers per 1,000 location and construction of hospitals Strengthen the integration processes virus, understanding epidemiology, affected health facilities areas with higher malaria burden; b) Surveillance data kits and mosquito nets to population is still below the World in risky areas. of mainstreaming DRR in the District informing case management, and to e) Standard operating procedures supply temporary medical treatment management: Strengthen the most affected areas Health Organisation recommen- e) Information management Development Plans, projects and suppress transmission. (SOPs): Strengthen the development facilities (tents); provide ambulances the disease outbreak with higher malaria burden; dation of 2.8 per 1,000 population b) Logistics and supplies: Support surveillance and reporting systems: Support the operationalisa- programmes among others; Integrate and dissemination of health standard to health facilities (i.e. HCII, HCIII, and supply temporary medical to achieve health care. Strengthen tion and maintenance of the National health issues in disaster risk reduction Report inaugural The government’s initiative to distribute operating procedures astride the hospitals); Set up tents, and provide department in the country treatment facilities (tents); household health inspections; recruit Laboratory Information Management strategies. mosquito nets as one of the most country. This is because there emergency drugs c) Dissemination provide ambulances to more health staff to strengthen System cost-effective preventative measures are many SOPs that have already g) Medical treatment: Support of health information: health facilities (i.e. HCII, psychosocial support to communi- f) Develop a Comprehensive for malaria control been established however there immunization against diseases Advocate for the HCIII, and hospitals) ties and health workers; recruit more Community Health Promotion Pro- c) Budgetary allocation: is still limited implementation and like trachoma, river blindness, dissemination of health medical workers, and conduct train- gram Strategy: Support the devel- Advocate for an increase in the adherence to them and development elephantiasis etc.; and equip the information through radio ing and placement of volunteers. opment and implementation of a budget to the National Medical of procedures that support health centres with necessary drugs talk shows, and ensure that c) Legislation: Support the Comprehensive Health Communica- Stores and health supplies. The efficiency and smooth operations and personnel bulletins are shared to all enactment of the National Health In- Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 39 | | 40 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Education Sector Impacts on the Education Sector students as floods destroyed school gardens; filled furniture. Lango sub-region experienced the biggest latrines with water which led to open defecation and loss of educational structures of about 7.1 billion The education sector is majorly affected by floods, exposure of learners to disease outbreaks, and all shillings due to the 2019/2020 disasters that hit the The inaugural Report lightning, landslides, and windstorms. The disasters these led to the declined performance of students area (table 08). damaged/destroyed the classrooms, administration in national examinations. These effects were mainly In some communities where people were displaced blocks, latrines, bathrooms as well as school registered in the third term of 2019 and term 1 of by floods, the displaced sought shelter in schools or furniture such as desks, chairs, blackboards among 2020, after which schools were closed in March due school compounds. As such they were using school others. Some of the school gardens for example the to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. sanitation facilities like pit latrines which have now + sweet potato gardens of Ngariam and Obulengorok become full. The occupation also triggers damage Classrooms In total, 867 units Primary schools in Katakwi district were also The 2019/2020 disasters in Uganda led to an to school furniture like desks and chairs. This were mostly of infrastructure destroyed by floods. estimated loss of about 35.4 billion shillings to therefore makes schools spend a significant part of affected with an were damaged the education sector and classrooms were mostly the education budget towards the reconstruction of 35.4Billion (Ugx) estimated loss of including The disasters affected the performance of students affected with an estimated loss of about 30.1 billion latrines, and replacement of damaged furniture. about 30.1 billion latrine stances, in the following ways; increased absenteeism from shillings (85%). Other educational structures that shillings desks, and school and subsequent school dropout due to trauma; were highly affected included latrine stances, desks, administration reduced access to school premises as the road and administration blocks. In total, 867 units of Estimated loss blocks networks were cut off by floods; inadequate food for infrastructure were damaged and 2,492 pieces of
to the Education Table 08: Damage and loss of the education sector of Uganda due to the 2019/2020 disasters sector Items Lango Busoga Elgon Rwenzori Central South West Karamoja West Nile Bunyoro Damage Loss (UGX) Lango Admin Blocks 3 4 - 8 10 4 2 - - 28 361,230,000 sub-region Bathrooms 2 - - 14 14 - 12 - - 40 12,600,000 The disasters had a financial implication on experienced Blackboards 45 13 - 130 - 7 - - - 150 96,900,000 the schools’ budget and yet schools did not Other the biggest loss Chairs 158 15 - 200 - 12 - - - 227 24,560,000 have contingency plans and budgets for such educational of educational Classrooms 105 92 58 135 64 52 52 24 24 501 30,112,277,955 emergencies. Some of the schools used their structures that structures of The inaugural Report inaugural The finances to repair the damaged furniture, were highly about 7.1 billion Computer labs - 0 - 4 - - - - - 4 32,000,000 construct drainage channels and also renovate affected shillings due to Cupboards 13 4 - 17 - 5 - - - 26 22,630,000 some parts of the infrastructure. Some schools included 2492 the 2019/2020 Desks 527 184 519 425 770 270 193 192 192 2,745 435,095,000 introduced an extra fee through the Parents pieces of disasters that hit Kitchens - 12 - 12 4 1 1 - - 30 95,050,000 Teacher Association (PTA) of 1,000 Ugx and furniture the area Latrine Stances 18 137 50 55 62 23 - - - 327 4,241,700,000 more for renovation or to be used in case of Reception emergencies but this was seen as a challenge - 3 - 4 3 - 2 - - 12 2,000,000 grounds to the parents. Solar Panels ------16 16 32 4,800,000 Loss (UGX) 7,138,000,000 6,378,900,000 5,126,299,671 4,787,760,000 4,469,865,771 3,904,822,513 2,509,435,000 562,880,000 562,880,000 35,440,842,955 Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 41 | | 42 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Recovery
Actions The following recovery actions were The inaugural Report identified for the Education sector (OPM, months National Recovery Plan 2020) months 36+ Long-term OPM, National in all schools structures should be strong 12 Medium-term c) Sensitization, educa- and retrofitted. Recovery Plan 2020 tion and training: Strength- f) Development and months OPM, National en the training of Teachers, dissemination of DRR strategy: 03 Recovery Plan _ Pupils and School Managers Support the implementation Short-term on WASH issues; Disaster Risk of disaster risk management 2020 a) Education financial Management and training guidelines in the lower, upper structures for the affected learners; OPM, National Recovery support: Provide additional teachers in psycho-social sup- and post-primary schools and coding of schools affected by the _ funds to the sector; com- port for the affected schools g) Development of ed- Plan 2020 disasters mit and set aside additional d) Integration of DRR in ucation sector strategic plan: c) Educational logistics and supplies: a) Continued funding to address cases of school curriculums: Support Support the disaster risk man- _ Supply lower and old age dual desks for learning: Support collapsed and damaged struc- the integration of DRR in learn- agement provisions that have primary and secondary schools; procure continued learning in tures in the short term; provide ing areas such as social scienc- been developed and ready for a) Education human resource assorted textbooks and chairs; supply established temporal funding for the dissemination es (geography) and science implementation. development: Improve academic and assorted laboratory equipment, and structures of disaster risk information in subjects like biology; training h) Development of non-academic staffing in the affected supply of wooden cupboards destroyed; lower, upper and post-primary and capacity building of the education plans: Support the schools; the communities in collaboration provision of food and non-food items to b) School schools ministry of education staff on implementation of district de- with the education department at the affected learners. disaster management b) Education infrastruc- disaster risk management and veloped education plans that district level should put in place an d) Support schools to develop committees: Set-up ture and equipment support: interpretation of disseminated have integrated disaster risk emergency committee to see how and contingency plans and an emergency school disaster Rehabilitation, construction early warning messages reduction strategies
where to relocate learners for continuity fund. This will prevent schools from Report inaugural The management and equipping of educational e) Temporary relocation i) Research and devel- of learning. Mobilisation of teachers to closing when disasters occur or diverting committees to empower facilities with learning resourc- of schools: Relocation of opment: Support professional- support the learners relocated to safer funds meant for other equally important the students about es; construction of classrooms, schools to new safer and flat ization and research in disaster schools activities. disaster mitigation and laboratories, libraries and areas for landslide victims; in risk reduction in higher learn- b) Temporary relocation of schools: e) Develop a health contingency management in schools offices affected and construc- these new areas more facilities ing institutes. Support relocation of learners to safer plan and put in place prevention and and communities tion of stance VIP toilets and should be established (primary, schools and flat areas so that learning response actions that are supportable by Two classroom blocks of Wanseko Primary school Annex inundated by flood latrines affected; installation of secondary and vocational in- can continue; establishment of tents, development and humanitarian partners. water from rising water levels of Lake Albert. lightning arrestors on buildings stitutions) and the established permanent and semi-permanent Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 43 | | 44 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Housing and Shelter Estimated loss to Most of the households in Uganda (67%) reside in in Uganda. A total of 36,992 residential units were detached houses (single or multi-storey) however, damaged with an estimated value of loss at 83.2 billion the Housing and
The inaugural Report the proportion of households that live in tenements shillings, while 11,435 residential units were damaged. (mizigo) in urban areas is five times more than those in The 2019/2020 disasters led to an estimated loss of rural areas (UBOS, 2014). about 154.2 billion shillings to the housing sector and Shelter sector the Elgon sub-region experienced the biggest loss of 154.2Billion (Ugx) The average household size in Uganda is about 4.6 about 39.9 billion shillings as reflected in table 09. people per household (UNHS, 2016). Most of the households in Uganda use a single room for sleeping Figure 4: Materials used by households in wall construction | Data Source: UBOS Census, 2014 Table 09: Damage and loss in the housing sector of Uganda due to the 2019/2020 disasters with a bigger percentage of these in urban areas. Households 40 in Uganda 36.6 reside in SUB-REGION HH HH Lives Residential Commercial Semi Temporary Permanent Loss (UGX) The walls of houses in Uganda are constructed using detached Affected Displaced lost Permanent 35 33.9 permanent and temporary materials (Fig 4). Majority houses of Ugandans (56.3%) live in houses constructed with Busoga - - - - temporary materials and the most common material is 30 Estimated 19,354 113,246 2,418 4,727 39,060,000,000 mud and pole and these are used mostly in rural areas loss value (UBOS, 2014). for a total of Bunyoro 18,266 6,008 - - - - 25 36,992 resi- 1,946 639 9,672,000,000 The most common construction-permanent material dential units Central 15,076 17 - - - damaged. for walls is burnt/stabilized bricks and these are very 20 Ugandans 1,574 9,120 900 13,500,000,000 common in urban areas. The disasters that affect the 17.5 live in Elgon ------houses houses in Uganda such as floods, earthquakes, and 7,611 280 39,880,000,000 15 construct- Karamoja - - - - landslides majorly affect the walls of houses. ed with 48,257 10,146 4,169 492 15,226,000,000 temporary 10 The housing sector was affected by floods, landslides, materials Lango 47,324 1,361 15 - - - 11,365 3,495 22,240,000,004 windstorms and lightning. The disasters displaced 5.5 Biggest es- people in some parts of the country, destroyed people’s 5 timated loss Rwenzori 2,538 1,737 8 - - - Report inaugural The 2.6 2 8,629 653 12,111,500,000 household items, blew off the roofs, killed some people, 1.5 in the Elgon PERCENTAGE and damaged the walls, foundation and floors of some 0.3 sub-region. South West 104,006 1,654 30 705 223 - - - 0 buildings. Some of the affected buildings were schools 2,519,000,000 and health facilities. In districts like Buliisa, Kayunga, Wood Damage 3 Households Ntoroko, Nakasongola, Wakiso, among others, the rising Mud and Pole 67,611 132,512 41,794 10,017 900 4,169 492 Cement blocks displaced Tin or Iron Sheets Concrete or Stone water levels submerged temporary and permanent by the 2020 Loss (UGX) Unburnt bricksBurnt withor Stabilised mud bricks structures alike. Unburnt bricks with Cement disasters 83,226,500,004 46,756,000,000 9,000,000,000 8,338,000,000 6,888,000,000 154,208,500,004
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 The 2020 disasters displaced 25,456 households HOUSEHOLD WALL TYPE River Lubhiriha through Lubhiriha town- Kasese District 45 | | 46 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
The inaugural Report months 36+months Recovery Long-term
months Actions 12 Medium-term OPM, National d) Development of earth- site master plans and detailed 03 quake building guidelines: physical development plans of The following recovery Short-term Recovery Plan 2020 Support the operationalisation the affected disaster areas to actions were identified for OPM, National of developed earthquake-re- help communities build back the Housing and Shelter OPM, National Recovery Recovery Plan 2020 _ sistant construction guidelines better sector (OPM, National Plan 2020 to strengthen buildings in the h) Land surveying: Recovery Plan 2020) _ a) Development of hous- prone corridor Advocate for the surveying ing plans: Support the devel- e) Capacity building of land for resettlement and _ a) Operationalisation of opment of housing prototype and sensitisation programs: associated buildings (opening plans to be used in the recon- Support the trainings for the boundaries); identify potential a) Resettlement: Identify safe housing development committee: struction of buildings that are skilled and unskilled labour in land for resettling the disaster places for resettling the affected Strengthen the housing disaster-resilient model houses the earthquake disaster-prone victims and develop resettle- communities development committees such b) Provision of technical areas to learn how to build ment plans. b) Regulate land use and prohibit as the National Building Review support and quality Control: resilient buildings; construc- i) Installation of light- settlements in disaster-prone areas Board to oversee if the housing Strengthen the quality control tion of demonstration houses ning conductors: Support the c) Provision of rapid post-disaster activities are compliant with the monitoring mechanisms in the during the trainings; educate installation of conductors/ar- recovery assessment: Support the rapid established guidelines. house constructions; testing of the public about building reg- restors to handle any would be pre-disaster and post-disaster recovery b) Community Engagement building materials and under- ulations and safety. lightning strikes. assessments planned by the sector in Disaster recovery: Engage local taking geotechnical designs; f) Building codes: Build- j) Regulation of Real d) Social networks: Improve the communities in the development and development of bills of ing codes need to be revised Estate: Establish a regulator for re-establishment of social networks and schemes of hazard-proof Report inaugural The quantities based on region-specific haz- real estate to eliminate hap- community facilities (such as community construction if the modified c) Construction supervi- ards with multi-hazard resilient hazard mixed development, meeting facilities, houses of worship, disaster resilient housing designs sion: Support supervision of construction designs consid- slums; coordinate and control and schools) are to be accepted. the contractors in the imple- ered. sector players for effective e) Capacity building: Build the c) Relocation of victims: mentation recovery interven- g) Development of planning, zoning, designs and capacity of national and local authorities Consider voluntary relocation of tions; ensure reconstruction of master and physical plans: approvals, supervision and to promote, supervise, and guide the most affected households and those in prone-areas to avoid strong reinforced and retrofit- Support the development of implementation. planning and construction processes of ted housing units. recovery structures. future calamities. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 47 | | 48 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report The inaugural Report inaugural The
A residential house destroyed by a landslide in Lubhiriha, Bunndibugyo District Houses constructed by government for resettlement of disaster victims and persons at high risk in Bunambutye, Bulambuli District. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 49 | | 50 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Transport and Infrastructure Sector Impacts on the Transport Sector this greatly affected small-scale businesses in the completely damaged; while 1,233.6 Kms of national Partially Completely affected areas. This led to losses as perishable crops roads were partially damaged and 73.5 completely The transport sector was majorly affected by floods were not delivered to the market and also buyers or damaged. In terms of the economic loss, partially and landslides. Floodwaters blocked some parts of consumers found it hard to access products due to damaged national roads were mostly affected with the damaged road network. Maintenance costs for an estimated loss of about 62.1 billion shillings (table The inaugural Report the roads and the debris from landslides also blocked part and, in some cases, the whole road width. The cars and motorcycles also increased due to bad roads 10). A total of 10,027.42 km of the road network was
roads roads with potholes created by disasters. Some people got damaged (completely and partially) by the 2020 access access bridges were also washed away due to bursting
Community Community Community injured and others died due to walking and driving/ disasters. A total of 13 bridges were also reported to 3,486.4 kms 3,486.4 kms 2,130.4 of rivers or damaged by the enormous volumes of floodwater. Transportation costs increased riding in flooded areas. The drainage structures on have been damaged in Rwenzori and South Western in disaster-hit areas. This majorly affected the the roads were also severely affected by disasters. regions with an estimated economic loss of about 3.1 agriculture sector as access to gardens for planting, billion shillings. The central region experienced the Billion (Ugx) weeding, harvesting and transport of farm produce The 2020 disasters led to an estimated loss of about biggest economic loss of its transport infrastructure 208.6 208.6 billion shillings to the transport sector in estimated at 52.4 billion shillings followed by to markets was delayed as the roads were cut off for some good time. Uganda. The most damaged transport infrastructure Rwenzori sub-region with 37.6 billion shillings. Few Partially was partially damaged community access roads transport infrastructures were reported in West Nile Estimated loss to Completely Accessibility to social services like schools, health equivalent to 3,486.4km. 2,130.4 kms of community and Bunyoro sub-regions to have been affected by the Transport and facilities was also made difficult. Movement of roads were completely damaged, 1,539.62 disasters. commodities to markets was also hindered and district roads partially damaged and 1,563.9 Kms infrastructure District roads 1,539.62 kms 1,539.62 District roads sector kms 1,563.9 Table 10: Damage and loss in the transport sector of Uganda due to the 2019/2020 disasters Transport Structure Central Rwenzori Busoga Elgon Lango South West Karamoja West Nile Bunyoro Damage Loss (Ugx) Community Access Roads Damaged (Length in Km) With over 90% of cargo freight and passengers Partially - 350 736 896 575 211 373 129 129 3,048 37,540,279,710 in Uganda moving by road, road transport Completely 260 141 504 589 80 156 400 - - 1,729 35,240,920,635 is the core and dominant mode of transport District Roads Damaged (Length in Km)
(WTDP, 2015-2019). The road network in transport the to Damage Sector (Kms) Partially Completely Partially - 152 345 - 256 252 192 98 98 1,240 22,792,654,386 Uganda is categorized as national, district, Report inaugural The Completely 608 291 132 - 218 228 86 - - 664 46,387,382,799 community access, and urban, some of which are tarmacked. As of July 2020, the Uganda National Roads Damaged (Length in Km) National Roads Authority (UNRA) confirmed Partially 640 - 185 - 172 42 178 - - 577 62,153,748,466 roads roads
that Uganda has a total of 8,588 km of National National Completely - - 44 - - 30 - - - 74 1,364,000,000 73.5 kms 73.5
tarmacked roads. The disasters that hit the kms 1,233.6 Bridges Damaged - 11 - - - 2 - - - 13 3,100,000,000 transport sector of Uganda majorly damaged/ Loss (UGX) 52,392,000,000 37,585,400,000 29,247,000,000 26,076,700,000 21,776,400,000 21,033,651,900 16,487,000,000 1,990,417,048 1,990,417,048 208,578,985,996 destroyed road networks and bridges. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 51 | | 52 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Recovery
Actions
The following recovery actions were months
The inaugural Report months identified for the Transport sector (OPM, 36+ National Recovery Plan 2020) Long-term
12 Medium-term OPM, National Recovery Plan OPM, National 2020
months Recovery Plan _ 03 2020 Short-term a) Financial support: There is need to in- OPM, National Recovery Plan _ crease district infrastructure development funding to facilitate the renovation of partially damaged 2020 a) Reconstruction: district and community roads caused by floods and Support the securing other disasters, and UNRA to rehabilitate nation- _ of contractors or using al roads and bridges. Additional support should force account mechanism be provided for the maintenance budgets for the a) Reconstruction: Support full rehabilitation for grading, gravelling already existing road equipment. of the affected roads including drainage works; and installation of reconstruction of affected road sections; culverts b) Detailed engineering designs: Support grading, reshaping and gravelling of affected carrying out detailed investigations and risk as- roads including drainage systems; desilting and b) Demarcation of sessments to inform designs of new bridges and removing boulders from the affected rivers; road reserves: Support roads to be constructed; and demarcation of road replacement of the broken and swept away timber definition of road reserves
bridges; repair of approaches and construction of reserves and protection Report inaugural The gabion protection; replace the damaged guard by supporting tree c) Restoration: Support landscaping initia- rails, and remove displaced material blocking planting campaigns tives; and planting of trees; and repair of damaged watercourses water supply systems c) Information: Most A section of Bukalasi Road, Bududa District damaged by landslides being reopened using Local Government works equipment. b) Sensitization of communities on slope of the disaster hotspots d) Development of a bottleneck approach: management: Support community sensitization on have been profiled and Strengthen the localised monitoring system of the dangers of over-cultivation along the slopes georeferenced by the roads along with the mapped wetlands systems for that are sensitive to landslides sector easier reconstruction Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 53 | | 54 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
Above: An assessment team inspecting a partially damaged road in Bulembia Division, Kasese district. On the left: Hon Musa Ecweru (under umbrela) during onspot assesment along a debri covered section of Fortportal -Bundibugyo - Lamia road. The inaugural Report inaugural The Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 55 | | 56 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Protection and Gender The manifestation of Sexual and Response interventions for • Integration of SGBV survivors in communities, Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) the Gender and Protection Disasters brought about reduced incomes in households and as a way to survive, family heads gave away their young daughters (13-16 years) to secure dowry • Sensitization and counselling of that can be used during times of disasters. Disasters also affected the roles of every family member in the homesteads for instance, when floods came, due to disasters sector. the disaster victims, families became idle and were confined at home and this caused misunderstandings and led to sexual and gender-based violence. The disasters affected • Provision of basic needs mostly
The inaugural Report the roles played by the different members in society in the following ways; Sexual and gender-based violence due to The district and community structures food from the central government(OPM), disasters manifested in the following ways; played the following roles to respond to Women: Increased effort in looking for food Men: Disasters disrupted the movement • Sexual abuses and teenage pregnancies the disaster impacts in the gender sector; • Temporary settlement of displaced and firewood, reduced nutrition, destruction of men to practice nomadic pastoralism, were concealed by family and communities • Sensitizing communities on the persons and establishment of camp of their gardens, increased domestic increased cost of seeds for planting, and considered as a way of making ends meet dangers of SGBV, leadership, especially by the girl's parents. violence, increased responsibility in caring psychological issues due to stress, • Handling SGBV issues depending • In Amolatar district, the District for family members hit by disasters, resource increased theft due to idleness and poverty, • Men controlled all the resources and made on the extent of impact e.g., mediation, Council was in the process of preparing stress, reduced participation in community difficulty in accessing markets, inability to decisions like selling land without consulting their referrals, community dialogues etc., to debate the Domestic Violence Bill activities, increased workload in the farms generate enough income for the family, wives which led to violence. for approval as an ordinance (Domestic • Establishment of patrols on SGBV and homes, increase in the number of loss of livelihood sources, migration to • Dispalcement forced family heads to Violence Ordinance 2020), at community levels, women-headed households, limited access urban areas, relocation of families to safer look for alternative shelter and other sources • Strengthening local and community to health facilities, involvement in petty trade areas, change in economic activity e.g., of livelihood. This exposed women and girls to • Provision of guidance and structures to be able to identify, refer and to provide for their families, providing casual agriculture to fishing, failure to pay school strangers who would in turn ploy them into sex. counselling services to victims of SGBV as labour in exchange for food, increased cases fees, engagement in extra-marital affairs report cases of GBV, • Dispalcement also forced the family well as reporting those cases to courts of of malaria, increased distance to access safe due to idleness, search for land for the members to separate and some ended up in law, • Community dialogue meetings to water, loan defaulting due to property loss, establishment of new settlements, loss of other people’s homes, schools and churches. emphasize cultural norms and practices, and elderly women were unable to respond fertile lands, and reduced capacity to make • Guidance on safe evacuation This also exposed women and girls to sexual and to the disasters. decisions in their homes. Distress coping places during disasters, • Provision of mental and gender-based violence. psychosocial support to the victims and mechanism e.g Increased poaching. • Reviewing the referral pathway • Failure of family heads to provide basic survivors through home visits and family to handle cases of SGBV and violence needs brought tension and thus violence in dialogue, against children, Women Men homes. Girls: Difficulties in crossing rivers and & & • Joint participation with other • Dissemination of standard small streams to the gardens, increased Girls Boys • Negligence of parental responsibilities stakeholders to provide immediate relief operating procedures on handling the school dropout and enhanced early exposed children to gender-based violence. items, Boys: Increased school dropout, enhanced cases of SGBV, Report inaugural The marriages, poor nutrition, increased • Failure to mutually agree on conjugal VIOLENCE AGIANST child labour in mining areas, exposure to • Supporting community policing workloads in households, and exposure to CHILDREN CASES obligations during times of hardship also led to • Training health workers on clinical water-borne diseases while herding during initiatives, sexual violence, sexual abuse, difficulty in care for sexual assault survivors in the floods, poor nutrition, enhanced bad SGBV. collecting firewood and food from gardens, district, • Distribution of mosquito nets to 283 behaviors like drug abuse due to idleness, • Due to disasters, family members slept in increased child labour, poor hygiene, loss affected communities through health difficulty in grazing cattle due to heavy congested rooms and hence young girls ended • Installation of an SGBV database in of self-esteem, engaged in commercial sex, GBV CASE centres. REPORTED rains, migration to urban areas, increased up being sexually abused by relatives. some areas for keeping a record of cases, lack of privacy in displaced camps affected child-headed households, and some boys girls psychologically, and increased child 3,820 • Linking survivors to livelihood resorted to handcraft making such as labour and teenage pregnancies. programmes like UWEP. making carpets and fish baskets. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 57 | | 58 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
The inaugural Report Recovery months
Actions months 03 12 Medium-term The following recovery Short-term actions were identified for OPM, National Recovery Plan the protection and gender OPM, National Recovery Plan sector (OPM, National 2020 Recovery Plan 2020) 2020 _ _ a) Financial support and capacity building: a) Assess the social risk of disasters in the Support and promote development projects affected communities and provide para-social for the vulnerable categories e.g. through the workers and village health teams. Uganda Women Entrepreneurship Programme b) Sensitization, education and training: (UWEP) which is aimed at improving access to Continuous sensitization of communities about financial services for women and equipping them the dangers of sexual and gender-based with skills for enterprise growth, value addition violence, disaster preparedness strategies and marketing of their products and services. for their survival and group savings; Provision b) Youth Livelihood Programme: Support the of psychosocial support; and introduction of government of Uganda to increase funding of community counselling services youths in the recovery processes in response to
c) Legislation: support prosecution the high unemployment rate and poverty among Report inaugural The of gender-based violence cases; and the youth in the affected areas Women defying the odds to keep on duty by their market stalls in Ggaba landing site market following flooding triggered by rising water levels in L.Victoria establishment of probation offices at the c) Community Rehabilitation Programme for (Source: Online). district, and mediate cases of sexual and the Disabled (CBR): Advocate for, and promote gender-based violence effective service delivery to PWDs across all d) Introduce child protection facilities at the sectors and increase Effective participation of district and community levels People with Disabilities (PWDs) in development e) Promote dialogue across community activities platforms Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 59 | | 60 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Environment and Natural Resources Response interventions in q) providing relief to the affected communities, r) conducting a needs assessment of the affected the cutting of timber for firewood, burning of charcoal, The 2019/2020 disasters led to an estimated loss of about the Environment and Natural resources, Impacts on the Environment Sector growing of rice in swamps, cultivation along streams and 29.9 billion shillings to the environmental sector and related river banks, poor solid waste management, bricklaying facilities in Uganda (Table 11 below). The most affected Resource sector. s) Issuance of restoration orders by NEMA, The environment sector was majorly affected by floods, in sensitive areas, vegetation clearing for firewood, bush environmental resource was central forest reserves with t) Promotion of energy-saving technologies in The inaugural Report drought, landslides, and windstorms. In 2020disaster Disaster response measures in the environment sector burning, mining, wetland encroachment, poor farming an estimated loss of about 5.6 billion shillings whereas communities, impacts on the sector included water-logging of protected included the following; methods, degradation of hilly areas and steep slopes, the most affected environment-related facility was fish areas; killing of fauna in protected areas; displacement u) Lobbying from the government and other settlement in fragile ecosystems, wetland backfilling, use handling tables/slabs with an estimated loss of about 14.1 a) policy dissemination on wetlands management, of fauna such as crocodiles and snakes as well as people development partners for funding. of agrochemicals, and overgrazing in ecological areas. billion shillings. Other environment-related facilities that b) demarcation of wetland boundaries and other living around the environmental resources; soil erosion The disasters have changed these practices in the were highly affected included valley dams, valley tanks, sensitive areas, that led to silting of rivers, lakes and swamps; change of following ways; mining pits have been filled with water bridges along rivers among others (Table 11). The biggest attitude among people towards environmental protection c) community policing on wildlife conservation, and used as fish farms, cultivation in wetlands has number of environmental resources that were affected and conservation; destruction of breeding grounds for d) community sensitization on afforestation, somehow reduced due to increased water levels, charcoal by disasters were situated in Rwenzori sub-region. In some species like the crested crane; and damage to the disaster occurrences and wise use of the environment burning reduced as the conditions were unfavorable general, the Central region experienced the biggest loss environmental facilities such as valley dams. and natural resources, and roads were non-motorable, some communities have of environmental resources and related facilities with an The elements affected as a result of disasters included planted trees on steep slopes to reduce soil erosion, and estimated loss of about 20.2 billion shillings. e) control of charcoal burning in fragile areas and Estimated vegetation, birds, trees, crops, and animals. The some communities have begun to practice good farming impounding of trucks carrying charcoal and timber, community practices that can be termed as drivers of practices. f) forestry regulation and enforcement, loss to the disasters as a result of environmental degradation included g) wetlands compliance, monitoring and Tabl 11 Damage and Loss in the environment sector and related facilities due to the 2019/2020 disasters in Uganda enforcement, Environment Item Central Karamoja Elgon Rwenzori West Nile Bunyoro Damage Loss 29.9Billion (Ugx) h) encouraging the communities to store more ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES food, Central forest reserves 5 - 3 6 2 3 19 5,564,000,000 The environment and natural sector Local forest reserves 3 - - - - - 3 80,000,000 i) relocating the affected communities, resources sector is composed National parks - - - 2 - - 2 200,000,000 j) bamboo planting to reduce riverbank erosion of national parks, central forest Riverbanks - 7 2 5 - - 14 566,000,000 and mobilizing communities to plant trees, reserves, local forest reserves, Wetlands 9 - - 13 5 5 32 275,000,000 k) developing catchment management plans, wildlife reserves, wetlands, rivers, Wildlife Reserves - 2 - - - - 2 16,000,000 lakes, Ramsar sites, species of FACILITIES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES l) conserving wetlands, catchment areas and
fauna and flora among others. Report inaugural The protected areas, Bridges along rivers - - 7 - - - 7 509,000,000 Uganda is among the top ten Farmlands - 23 - - 31 31 85 95,000,000 m) training communities in soil and water most biodiverse countries in the Fish handling tables/slabs 6 - - - - - 6 14,101,000,000 management practices, world with over 18,000 recorded Landing sites 13 - - - - - 13 500,000,000 n) provision of improved seed varieties to affected species of fauna and flora Pipes and ponds - - 17 - - - 17 60,000,000 communities, (Pomeroy et al, 2017). Wetlands Roads to lakes 2 1 - - 1 1 5 435,000,000 in Uganda cover 13% of Uganda’s Valley dams - 5 - - 2 1 8 5,650,000,000 o) restoration of degraded areas and catchments, total surface area (NSOER, Valley tanks - 3 - - - - 3 1,500,000,000 p) formulation of environmental bye-laws, Water conservation structure - - 3 - - - 3 300,000,000 2018/2019). Loss (UGX) 20,204,000,000 7,606,000,000 935,000,000 720,000,000 193,000,000 193,000,000 29,851,000,000 Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 61 | | 62 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Recovery Actions
months The following recovery actions were
The inaugural Report 36+ identified for the Environment sector Long-term (OPM, National Recovery Plan 2020) months OPM, National energy to prevent tree cutting for charcoal burning. Recovery Plan 2020 c)Establish, train and strengthen _ environment management and 12 Medium-term months wetland and catchment manage- 03 a) Sensitization, education and ment committees at local levels. Short-term training: Support sensitization of d) Enforcement: Integration OPM, National the communities on river bank of Environment Protection Force OPM, National restoration and management; in environment Recovery Plan 2020 Recovery Plan training on soil and water conser- e) Livelihood support: 2020 vation programmes e.g. con- Provision of alternative livelihood struction of trenches and check options like the construction of _ dams; training of environmental _ fish ponds inspectors in ecological integrity Logistics and supplies: f) Restoration: Wetland and sustainability of the green Supply solid waste collection Legislation: Strengthen demarcation and restoration of and brown environment; mass tools such as waste bins, enforcement of hotspots; support designation mobilization of communities to waste collection trucks; environmental laws; of RAMSAR sites; promote tree plant trees; carry out regular provision of tree seedling formulation of bye-laws planting; and establishment of water quality tests; conduct- for planting along the river, and ordinance tree nursery beds; ing public radio talk shows on forest and wetland buffer enactment which will g) Installation of hydrome- environmental protection and teorological early warning sys-
zones and promote and help in the enforcement Report inaugural The conservation; supply energy-saving stoves of environmental laws tems: Support regular issuance b) continuous community sen- to reduce environmental and increase vigilance and dissemination of seasonal sitization on disaster risk reduc- degradation. and law enforcement; forecasts; installation of manual tion measures e.g. soil and land support the review and and automatic weather stations management in highland and Sensitize the communities on enactment of wetland and radars; the regular compi- low land areas; train and empow- the dangers of environmental bill; as well as the lation of climate information in er communities to use biogas degradation and ways of issuance of water permits sector report. as an alternative source of clean Indiscriminate tree cutting, earth digging and bush burning are some of the major forms of enviromental degredation accross uganda. The youths in protecting the environment. picture were burning bricks in Aloet, Soroti District. Whereas they may consider this as a livelihood source it is detrimental to the environment, con-
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 tributes to drought hazard and gradually climate change and global warming. 63 | | 64 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report The inaugural Report inaugural The
Above: Community land subjected to Bush burning in Kabolwa Parish, Buliisa. On the left: A degraded hill in Bundibugyo district, with lower part affected by landslides. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 65 | | 66 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020
Cross-cutting Coordination structures and bureaucracy: The capacity of NECOC to coordinate disaster preparedness and response needs to be enhanced to ensure timely generation and dissemination of early warning information, recovery actions and and timely response to disasters and emergencies. At district level, The DDMCs are always activated whenever there is a disaster, otherwise they don’t have resources to conduct training, meetings; and a lot of bureaucracy to access resources. The inaugural Report recommendations.
Financial support: Sensitization: District Disaster Management Committees The budget allocation to disaster risk Conduct sensitization about the roles (DDMCs): Establish DDMCs where they do management should be increased to and responsibilities of the different not exist and operationalize them through respond to the disaster recovery needs. stakeholders in disaster management. orientations, trainings and resource mobilization.
Community awareness and sensitization: Legislation: Develop a disaster preparedness and Resource allocation: Conduct regular community awareness on disaster management law to strengthen the implementation Establish, allocate resources occurrences and prevention and getting feedback of disaster risk management activities; and Support and make the Disaster from them (about their perceptions of disasters). the development and implementation of bye-laws. Emergency Coordination and Operational Centres (DECOCs) operational Increase funding and Data collection: Capacity building and Mainstreaming: Hazard and Risk resource allocation to Develop capacity of training: The relevant sectors Maps: support activities of NECOC, district officials in data Disaster risk should mainstream Districts should DECOCs and DDMCs. collection, undertaking reduction information disaster risk continue to update Develop standard operating rapid disaster needs modules should reduction measures and regularly utilize procedures that support assessments, and be embedded in their development the hazard, risk efficiency and smooth development of disaster in the roles and programmes and vulnerability operations of multisectoral recovery strategies responsibilities and activities to (HRV) profiles to stakeholders during the and plans. Additionally, of extension staff minimize disaster enrich and guide Report inaugural The handling of complex develop data collection especially MAAIF in damage and losses. their sector-specific disasters. tools and templates that the department of Districts should also activities. The HRV Disaster loss database: can be used repeatedly extension, disaster be supported to profiles should Ensure updating of for data collection and models are included integrate DRM in the also be used to disaster-related information updating disaster-related in the training etc. to district development develop District
and incident facts in information from the prevent and recover plans. Contingency Plans. H.E Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, PS Mrs. Christine Guwatudde Kintu and Hon. Minister Hillary Onek at the commissioning of Bunambutye resettlement the des-inventar for the sub-counties to the from disasters. project in Bulambuli district. respective districts. districts Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 Theory of black swan events 67 | | 68 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
The Complex Shift
Chapter 03 The inaugural Report inaugural The Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 69 | | 70 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: A tale of tension and unprecedented uncertainty. Severe disruption in social service delivery including health services as most A tale of tension expertise and resources were diverted and reassigned from other diseases to managing COVID-19, was one of the most visible outcomes when the COVID-19 pandemic arrived. Regular patient-doctor consultations become The inaugural Report December 1st 2019: and unprecedented remote and virtual, while in some contexts, the sheer anxiety, fear and A new disease was identified in Wuhan Province of China. The novel disease trauma associated with the unfamiliar manifestation of COVID-19 simply uncertainty. was caused by the transmission of Severe forced people to keep away from health facilities. It may not sound an Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus exaggeration to say that globally health systems were caught off-guard and 2 (SARS-CoV-2). unprepared to deal with COVID-19 pandemic. January 30th 2020: The virus was fast spreading that by That is not to say that COVID-19 is the first pandemic the world has seen, 30th January 2020, the World Health but rather should be a significant pointer to how we have or have not made Organization (WHO) declared it a Public sufficient effort to learn from hindsight, to document and learn from lessons Health Emergency of International March 11th 2020: Concern. profiled with past pandemics such as; the 1918 ‘Spanish’ Influenza (H1N1), Officially named it the novel disease as the 1957 Asian Influenza (H2N2) and the 1968 Hong Kong Influenza (H3N2) Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on which had fatality rates in millions. The reflective question for all countries, 11th February 2020, and a month later on institutions and responders should be to what extent if any, have the lessons 11th March 2020 WHO declared the global learned from the past pandemics been applied in managing response to outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19. March 7th 2021: a cumulative total of 116,135,492 positive Besides causing human deaths, COVID-19 has had far reaching negative cases of COVID-19 have been recorded impact on the social economic fabric of communities and nations alike, and globally including 2,581,976 deaths. COVID-19 this impact is yet to be exhaustively measured since the pandemic is yet to was highly contagious that it has spread its abate. March 18th 2021: contagions across the globe in 3 months. The panic, last-minute preparedness mode, strategic risky decisions, and In Uganda, the first positive case of COVID-19 flaws that emerged in the process of saving lives from the deadly COVID-19 was recorded in March 2020. One year revealed a worrying veracity that governments, systems and emergency / later in March 2021, a cumulative 891,637
disaster management institutions are not thinking about the unthinkable, UPDF Personnel supporting the relief food distribution in Naka- Report inaugural The samples have been tested for COVID-19 out even though ample lessons from the past exist to inform the present and wa Division as part of the COVID 19 response in Uganda. of which 40,464 samples tested positive, 15,065 recoveries, while 334 persons have the future. As part of Government's response to COVID-19, relief food was succumbed to the disease distributed to the most vulnerable persons in Kampala, Mukono Over the time: Among the many lessons to learn from COVID-19 therefore, is to absorb TA survey conducted by WHO in May 2020 in and Wakiso districts, as well as people in orphanges, homes the fact that with globalization and its consequent increase in worldwide 155 countries revealed that COVID-19 impacted for elderly and other special needs groups. In total, 2,025,957 on prevention and treatment services for travel for business and pleasure, will continue to lay favorable conditions persons were provided with 11,942,670Kgs of maize flour, Source: non-communicable diseases, where countries for pathogen movements. It is therefore imperative to re-examine https://covid19.who.int/ 6,021,091Kgs of beans, 54,829Kgs of milk and 109,170Kgs of surveyed said they had partially or completely current disaster and emergency preparedness and planning processes to https://www.health.go.ug/ sugar. disrupted services for treatment of hypertension incorporate valuable foresight accruing from current and anticipated trends.
Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ (53%), diabetes (49%), cancer (42%) and novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen cardiovascular emergencies (31%) 71 | | 72 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The Risk: The National Risk If effectively utilized, NRVA will help stakeholders in the Country to; • Understand disaster risks and their spatial distribution to guide A dynamic and in investment planning and Vulnerability • Hazard determination to support the risk management, a requirement by NDPIII.
The inaugural Report more complex shift Atlas • Prediction of likelihood to enhance preparedness • Identification and feasibility assessments for Building Back Better Risk is changing, becoming dynamic and more complex. Population To create an evidence based understanding of how disaster risks • Enhance the importance of Disaster Risk Management growth, urbanization, industrialization, technological advancement impede Uganda’s development programmes and creating risk • Document in line with the global trends in Disaster Risk with all their positive attributes, once they interact with natural awareness, Office of the Prime Minister with funding support from Management trends and the NDPIII. environment are making the risk landscape more unpredictable yet the UNDP Uganda office undertook a process to assess, profile and interconnected. Risk is becoming increasingly systemic. document the major natural hazards that often result in devastating impact on lives, livelihoods, infrastructure and systems of Uganda. Lastly, the NRVA should also be localized at community level to enable communities especially those living in disaster risk zones The National Development Plan (NDP) III under section 2.3.1 Using a combination of hindsight, current experiences and foresight play more proactive roles in risk and disaster threat identification recognizes disasters as a major threat to the planned development informed by technology, a team of social and natural science experts as well in developing and implementing preventive, mitigation and interventions, outcomes and economic growth, thus stressing the from government and academia worked over a period of 4 years preparedness actions against the identified risks. need to Institutionalize and enhance capacities in risk management to produce the atlas. Seven hazards were profiled and these are; at all levels. To ensure that Uganda realizes her development floods, landslides, earthquake, drought, lightning, hailstorms and aspirations as envisaged in the NDPIII, Vision 2040 and The windstorms. It is important to note that seven hazards are the most Sustainable Development Goals, the NDPIII has mainstreamed frequent but not the only hazards Uganda is prone to. disaster risk management across various programmes. Notably, disaster risk management is highlighted under Objective 6 of What is in the National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas? Programme 9 on Natural Resources, Environment, Climate Change, Land and Water Management, with six interventions aimed at The NRVA (2020) is a compilation of hazard, risk and vulnerability reducing economic loss from natural hazards and disasters. products, including; • Risk maps of the identified hazards and the corresponding The mainstreaming risk management agenda was partly informed vulnerabilities by the National Risk and Vulnerability Atlas (NRVA), whose • Exposure, Damageability and Replacement cost matrices
recommendations were incorporated in the NDPIII to inform • Estimates of annual average losses (AAL) Report inaugural The disaster risk management across programs. The findings of the • Potential damages and costs NRVA process were specifically outlined under objective 5.1a-d • Hazard Intensity graphs and tables that called for reduced human and economic loss from natural • Prioritized risk reduction measures hazards and disasters through the measures outlined in the plan (Including; development of checklist for integration of Disaster Risk The NRVA will therefore benefit all public and private stakeholders Reduction in plans, projects and budgets of all sectors, Developing at local and national level involved in the national development the National Disaster Risk Management Plan, undertaking planning process, to ensure sufficient risk assessments and advisories risk screening of NDPIII and generating information to inform underpin all investments so as to risk proof development and social implementation of the NDPIII. interventions. Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 Bunambutye resettlement area, Bulambli District 73 | | 74 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
Wrap-up
Chapter 04 The inaugural Report inaugural The Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 75 | | 76 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 Reflections.
The floods displaced thousands of people cause impact that we are too often acquainted
The inaugural Report mainly river bank and lake shore communities with e.g. damage to shelter, roads, bridges, in Buliisa, Ntoroko, Kayunga, Kasese, temporary disruption of social services, damage Nakasongola, Obongi, Pakwach, Mukono, to crops and livelihoods, interruption to food, Wakiso, to mention a few. Through interviews poor sanitation and lack of access to safe water. with affected communities, it was revealed that similar massive flooding but to a lesser extent, The 2020 floods triggered by rise in water happened in 1960-1961. levels already demonstrate such a transition from the familiar to sustained multi-dimensional On one angle, the magnitude, intensity and impact including permanent displacement, total timeframe of the 2020 floods, to some extent destruction of public infrastructure like roads, highlights the consequences of climate change health centers, commercial facilities, houses, reality. schools, water sources, electricity lines, etc.
On another angle however, considering The year 2020 also revealed a disturbing reality the patterns of damage and destruction to of how distinct disasters can occur concurrently infrastructure, shelter and livelihoods in all the and undermine available capacities of areas affected by rising water levels, it can be responders and systems to effectively address argued that this flooding recurrence 60 years the needs of victims and support their recovery. later is indicative that we are seldom using hindsight to inform current interventions and Needless to say, 2020 floods coincided with generate foresight for risk-informed planning. COVID-19 which was characterized by varying degrees of uncertainty, resource pressures, Moving forward, it is therefore critical for inadequate preparedness, critical containment planners, decision makers, implementers and measures that directly undermined people’s communities alike to reflect on dynamic disaster resilience and coping abilities, albeit necessary Report inaugural The trends, and importantly on crisis drivers and to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. systemic risks which are increasingly defying established hazard and risk patterns to trigger cascading long-term impact.
Notably, policy and decision makers working with planners need to acknowledge the likely evolution where disaster risks will not only Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 In the 1960s the course of R.Nyamwamba in Kasese town was diverted to cater for the construction of Kilembe Mines. The physical plans for the consequent developments in- cluding Kilembe Hospital, a secondary and primary school and other residential and commercial structures did not envisage R.Nyamwamba ever reverting to its original course. However, following years of river bed silting, the river in 2013 burst its banks and reverted to its original course causing mass destruction of all development along its path. Since then this has become an annual occurance. This should be a valuable physical planning lesson for risk informed developments. Awoja Bridge, Soroti District 77 | | 78 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The inaugural Report
excessive water. In addition to flood impact, hailstorms and windstorms destroyed crops and partners to respond to disasters, more needs to be done to help people Conclusion. plantations affecting major perennial crops like bananas, cassava, maize etc., recover completely from disasters. Therefore, with support from government In lake shore and river bank communities of Ntoroko, Buliisa, Kayunga, which does not only affect food security but negatively affects household and development partners, all the national planning sectors need to implement Nakasongola, Wakiso, Masaka, Kampala and Mukono among others, entire incomes since most farmers rely on crop production as an economic activity. measures in the short, medium and long term to fully recover from the 2020 villages were submerged and it will take several years for the water levels to disasters, and some of such recovery actions have been highlighted in this The 2020 disaster incidents had widespread effects on lives, infrastructure, recede to pre-flood levels. The districts and communities as first responders had limited capacity to report for all the sectors affected. A detailed National Disaster Recovery Plan people’s livelihoods while causing the country an economic loss of 563.2 billion Report inaugural The shillings. respond to these disaster events. can be accessed on https://www.necoc-opm.go.ug Moreover, the rising water levels in Lakes Victoria, Albert and Kyoga, and River Nile affected docking stations along lakeshores disrupting marine transport, people in communities are not only the main victims of disaster the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Uganda had far reaching negative The disasters affected all people however, women, children, the elderly and the Local Lastly, disabled were affected most. while fishing as an economic activity was rendered difficult and unfeasible. occurrences, but are also the first responders in any disaster or emergency, and effects on all sectors of the economy. The tourism sector is one of the most will often stay longer when other responders have gone. affected sectors because of internal and international travels restrictions. The floods also cut off some road networks hence paralyzing continuation of Floods killed and injured humans and livestock, destroyed crops, gardens and farmlands, exposing people to food insecurity and poverty. business activities in different regions and this greatly affected access to critical Effective disaster and emergency response therefore, should not be measured The inevitable lockdown with resultant ‘stay-home’ measures and restricted facilities like health centres, schools and disruption of trade. only through saving lives but also in how the capacities and capabilities of movement paralyzed business operations across the country. Vulnerable urban communities have been enhanced to prepare against, and respond to any other dwellers who rely on daily business for their subsistence needs were given Bridges and roads were greatly damaged by flood waters making the road Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 infrastructure sector as the most economically affected, people’s houses Flooding further impeded other key economic activities like mining where future disaster occurrence within their vicinity. relief items from the government, humanitarian partners and well-wishers as a rendering thousands homeless, destroyed personal property and communal mines were filled with water and hence deserted. coping mechanism. The real impact of COVID-19 is yet to be profiled and assets, health, education and commercial facilities inundated and damaged by Although several efforts have been made by the district structures and measured. 79 | | 80 ASDR- 2020 || [email protected] || www.necoc-opm.go.ug ASDR - 2020 The Last Word: was recorded in Bugisu sub region as a result of landslides compared to the The Headway: UNIEWS - The forecast companion hundreds that were dying in the past. This achievement was attributed to enhanced awareness about the landslide risk and timely early warning. Disaster Forecast for The above strides notwithstanding, the country still grapples with limited
The inaugural Report technical capacity at all government levels to map and assess risk, vulnerability and capacities of disaster prone communities and translate the same into 2021 contingency and preparedness plans. There is also still insufficient effort COVID-19: The pandemic is still in active phase in Uganda. Although the to mainstream disaster risk reduction across sectors and programmes, and country is now undertaking vaccination, the vaccines are still limited and inadequate resources to implement prevention, mitigation, preparedness and hence prioritized for the specific categories who are considered at high resilience interventions. The challenge to anticipate and plan for future risks risk namely; Health workers, Security personnel, Teachers and persons more effectively therefore is pegged on the ability of principally government with underlying health conditions. Government is cognizant that the entities (technocrats, policy analysts, planners and decision makers) to harness pandemic is still ranging and hence is cautiously relaxing the ‘lock-down’ the potential and opportunity there-is in the civil society and private sector to measures. It is therefore imperative for every individual to continue mobilize much needed resources for disaster risk reduction, preparedness and observing the Standard Operating Procedures for COVID-19 as provided COVID-19 pandemic and extended flooding in 2020 point to growing response. by the Ministry of Health. Individual precaution is the best tool to fight uncertainty about non-conventional disaster risks – those that come up without COVID-19 infection. prior warning; and we still lack adequate capacities and capabilities to generate Importantly, there is need to recognize, assess and make use of the capacities foresight for disasters that we could potentially predict before they happen and that exist amongst the vulnerable communities themselves, through making Weather Forecast: According to UNMA, the onset of the March, April and prepare for them accordingly. them aware of their risk, vulnerability and responsibility towards proactively May (MAM) rainfall was expected in late February in the Southern parts designing and implementing solutions to their disaster risks, starting with of Uganda and Lake Victoria basin with a gradual progression through Government of Uganda with support from key partners like UNDP is indigenous and locally feasible solutions. Eastern, Northern and North-Eastern at around late March to mid-April. increasingly enhancing capacities for both national and local players to This therefore means the rainy season is on. UNMA pointed out that generate and disseminate early warning information to vulnerable communities We urge all stakeholders to utilize the ASDR 2020 in their planning and to the onset was expected to be characterized by lightning, thunder and ahead of disasters. Since 2014, OPM has been publishing the monthly Uganda disseminate to all stakeholders to inform their disaster risk management hailstorms. National Intergrated Early Warning System (UNIEWS) bulletin, now in its 53rd plans for 2021. Additionally, ASDR 2020 will contribute to the promotion According to the MAM forecast, there is an increased likelihood of closer Volume. This effort has resulted in reduced loss of lives even when disasters of education, sensitization and general awareness amongst the public on to above average rainfall in some parts of the country. Above average continue to occur, because vulnerable persons are able to undertake early disasters, disaster impact, emergency response and relief measures. The report rains translate to above normal rains which cause much wetter conditions The Uganda National Integrated Multi Hazard Early Warning action and evacuate in time. is also an important tool for advocacy and mobilization of resources for disaster System (U-NIEWS) is a monthly bulletin to facilitate an
and these are forecasted for mostly South Western region, parts of Report inaugural The preparedness and response, including lobbying government and partners for central region through Eastern to Karamoja sub region. understanding of the conditions of crops and pasture, Through Contingency funding from Government, the ability to meet the increased support to prevention, mitigation and preparedness, emergency food insecurity, weather/climate forecast and to determine most pressing needs of disaster victims has also been enhanced, especially response capacity and capabilities, and assistance to disaster victims. Considering the above forecast, the communities in the areas especially the anticipated disasters, as well as provide disaster and provision of relief food and non-food items. Government is also committed to where much wetter conditions are expected should look out for and humanitarian response status update based on monthly providing durable solutions to disaster victims and vulnerable persons through prepare for hazards namely; floods including flash flooding in urban statistics. The information can also be used as baseline interventions like the Bunambutye Resettlement Programme for persons at areas, waterlogging, wind/hailstorms, land/mudslides, lightning strikes, information for planning purposes at different levels. high risk of landslides in Mt. Elgon sub-region. Although this is just a fraction and high risk of malaria and cholera outbreak, among others. Early The UNIEWS can be accessed on https://www.necoc-opm. of the required durable solutions, it is a step in the right direction. Despite the Rose Nakabugo Bwenvu warning information and proposed early action measures can be found in go.ug | To subscribe to recieve the UNIEWS, please email info@ above-normal rains in almost all parts of the country in 2020, only one death Ag. Commissioner, Relief, Disaster Preparedness and management. the monthly UNIEWS publication by NECOC - OPM. necoc-opm.go.ug Office of the Prime Minister ASDR 2020 82 82
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Clement Hill Road, 5th floor Phone: +256414 342 104 www.necoc-opm.go.ug Postel Building, Kampala Toll Free : 00800177777 [email protected]