Derbid Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) Associated with Coconut and Oil Palm in Brazil
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Neotrop Entomol https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00788-5 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Derbid Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) Associated with Coconut and Oil Palm in Brazil 1,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MDOLLET ,EGFIDELIS ,EDOS PASSOS ,FDA SILVA ,HPABERLENC ,DASCHURT ,BBAHDER , 4 9 LC DINIZ ,CRBARTLETT 1Cirad, Umr Ipme Cirad/Ird/UM, Campus International, de Baillarguet, Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Embrapa Cenargen, Brasilia, DF, Brasil 3Embrapa Cerrados, Brasilia, DF, Brasil 4Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, SE, Brasil 5Instituto Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AM, Brasil 6Cirad, Umr Bgpi, Montpellier, France 7Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brasil 8Univ of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA 9Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA Keywords Abstract Fulgoromorpha, Auchenorrhyncha, We present surveys of derbid planthoppers associated with coconut Cenchreini, phytoplasmas, lethal yellowing (Cocos nucifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) collected in type syndromes, vectors Northeastern (Sergipe) and North (Pará and Roraima) Brazil. The surveys Correspondence were intended to contribute to our knowledge of possible vectors of M Dollet, Embrapa Cenargen, Brasilia, DF, Brasil; [email protected] phytoplasmas or other phloem-restricted plant pathogens. Eight derbid taxa were found, two in the subfamily Cedusinae, tribe Cedusini (Cedusa Edited by Takumasa Kondo – CORPOICA yipara Kramer and C. yowza Kramer) and six in the subfamily Derbinae, Received 9 March 2020 and accepted 25 tribe Cenchreini: Herpis sp., Persis pugnax Stål, Omolicna anastomosa May 2020 (Caldwell), O. nigripennis (Caldwell), and two new species in the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett are described here. Genus-level features between * The Author(s) 2020 Omolicna and Agoo are discussed and a key to the species of Agoo is provided. Introduction catastrophic (Dollet & Talamni 2018). In Jamaica, LY has caused the death of millions of coconuts and it has Coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) is the fourth most important destroyed 90% of the coconuts of the Atlantic coast of perennial fruit tree in Brazil, with approximately 158,477 ha Honduras in less than 10 years (McGrath 2002, Rocca of cultivated area (IBGE 2018). Eighty-five percent of the 2013). LY was reported in more than 30 species of palms plantations cover less than 10 ha and are in the hands of in Florida (Dollet & Talamani 2018, Sullivan & Harrison small farmers, the rest concerns big private agro-industrial 2013), suggesting that the disease may be a broad threat companies (Fontes & Wanderley 2006, Martins & Jesus to indigenous palms in Amazonian region. Valuable palms Júnior 2014). Over the last 20 years, coconut water has be- that might be threatened include the açai palm (Euterpe come one of the most important high value-added products oleracea Mart. and E. precatoria Mart.), the buriti palm of the agroindustry of Brazil (Fontes & Wanderley 2006)and (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.), babaçu (Attalea speciosa Burret), the country is the world’s fourth largest producer of coco- pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), and others that are nuts (FAO 2020). important sources of food and other products (Balick Given the importance of coconut in Brazil, the arrival of a 1979,Kahn1991,Mtiiz-Miretet al 1996,Brondizio2011, serious disease such as lethal yellowing (LY) would be Tunçer & Schroeder 2017). Dollet et al LY is caused by phytoplasmas that are phloem-limited MPEG. Additional study specimens are deposited in Embrapa pathogens transmitted by insects that feed exclusively on (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) in Aracaju and phloem tissue (McCoy et al 1983,EdenGreen1997, Dollet Roraima, Brazil. et al 2009). Known vectors of phytoplasmas are in the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, mostly families Morphological terminology and specimen techniques Cixiidae and Cicadellidae (subfamily Deltocephalinae). Derbidae and Flatidae also have been suggested as possible Abdomens were cleared by soaking in 10% KOH solution vectors (Mpunami et al 2000,Clairet al 2001,Wilson2005, overnight (or 20% hot KOH for ~ 15 min) for examination. Weintraub & Beanland 2006,Philippeet al 2007, Philippe Morphological terminology generally follows that of et al 2009, Lee & Wilson 2010, Rodrigues et al 2010,Rajan Bartlett et al (2014), except forewing venation following 2013, Halbert et al 2014). Bourgoin et al (2015) and with male terminalia nomenclature For this reason, surveys for early detection of LY and po- modified after Bourgoin (1988) and Bourgoin & Huang tential vectors are being made in Brazil. Here, we report (1990). Authorship of the two new species should be attrib- Derbidae found during surveys of coconut and oil palm uted to Bahder and Bartlett. (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Northeastern (Sergipe) and Photographs and measurements were taken using a digi- North (Pará and Roraima) Brazil. Two of the species found tal imagery system. Line art was digitally traced from photo- are described as new species and a key to the species of graphs. All measurements are in millimeters (mm). Specimen Agoo Bahder & Bartlett is provided. measurements were taken for descriptive (not statistical) purposes and are from type material. Label information of holotypes types is quoted, with ‘/’ Material and Methods indicating new line and ‘//’ indicating next label and with supplemental information given in brackets. For other mate- Study areas and survey methods rial examined, label data were rewritten to maintain consis- tency in pattern, beginning with the country, state or prov- Surveys were undertaken in Roraima state, North of Brazil, ince, and more specific locality, followed by the collection from July to August 2016 in the following municipalities: Boa date, collector, and lastly, the number, sex of specimens, Vista, Bonfim, Mucajaí, and Rorainópolis, and in October and specimen depository given in parentheses. Type material 2017 in Boa Vista, Cantá, Mucajaí, São João da Baliza, and and other specimens examined at UDCC were provided with São Luis (Fig 1). Coconut plantations (Cocos nucifera L., 2D barcode labels and data captured using “Arthropod Easy Arecaceae) were visited in those municipalities in order to Data Capture” (Schuh et al 2010,Schuh2012, Arthropod Easy identify plants with LYTS and the presence of potential insect Capture 2013) in the NSF sponsored “Tri-Trophic Thematic vectors, leafhoppers, and planthoppers. Oil palm plantations Collection Network” (Tri-Trophic TCN, http://tcn.amnh.org/). (Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Arecaceae) were also visited in the These data are available via the iDigBio (www.idigbio.org) south of the State for searching vectors. All plants were ob- specimen portal. served for symptoms similar to LYTS in leaves of the basal third or at least 20 plants of each plantation. Planthoppers were collected with a mouth-aspirator or caught with a tube Identification and classification and preserved in 70% alcohol. Derbidae were also collected on the lower leaves of coco- Derbid specimens were identified to higher taxon following nuts in the Coconut International Bank for Latin America and Metcalf (1938) and Fennah (1952) as updated by O’Brien the Caribbean (ICG-LAC) located in Itaporanga D’Ajuda, (1982) and Emeljanov (1992, 1996). Species level identifica- Sergipe State, in Northeastern Brazil. Other derbids were tions used available keys and illustrations, and in some cases collected using sweeping net and mouth aspirator in a plan- by comparison with photos of primary type material. The tation (Brazilian Green Dwarf Jiqui) of Northern Pará state in genus Cedusa Fowler was identified using Flynn & Kramer Santa Izabel do Pará. Insects were collected on the lower (1983) and Kramer (1986); Omolicna Fennah by Caldwell leaves of the palms. Information about sampled plantations (1944), Fennah (1945), Halbert et al (2014), and Bahder et al and geographic coordinates are provided in Table 1 and Fig 1. (2019); Herpis Stål using Metcalf (1938, 1945) and O’Brien Derbids were sorted to morphospecies with representative (1982, 1987); Persis Stål using Metcalf (1938) and Fennah specimens donated to the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, (1945, 1952). The status of Agoo Bahder & Bartlett was re- São Bráz, Belém, Pará, Brazil (MPEG), and subsequently cently revised by Bahder et al (2020a) from a subgenus of loaned to CRB for identification, with representative (non- Omolicna to full genus status. Photos of type material of type) specimens retained at the University of Delaware Persis pugnax Stål, Herpis fuscovittata Stål, Phaciocephalus Reference Collection, Newark, DE (UDCC), by permission of fimbriolata (Stål), P. orba (Stål), and P. pallidovenosa (Stål) Derbids Associated with Coconut and Oil Palm in Brazil Fig 1 Sample locations for derbid planthoppers: (A) general location of sampling areas (green) in Brazil (white); (B) sampling localities in Roraima; (C) sampling locations in Pará; (D) sampling locations in Sergipe. were obtained from the Swedish Museum of Natural History comprises 148 species in the New World and 32 in Africa, in Stockholm for comparison with field collected specimens. although the latter taxa are probably better placed in Malenia Haupt (Fennah 1961,Szwedo2006). Species of Cedusa are often externally very similar and recognition re- Results lies almost entirely on features of male terminalia (Flynn & Kramer 1983, Kramer 1986). Cedusa has previously been sug- Eight taxa from the family Derbidae were found associated gested as a possible vector of lethal yellowing phytoplasmas with palms