DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Knowledge in Policy and Practice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Knowledge in Policy and Practice United Nations University Press is the publishing arm of the United Nations University. UNU Press publishes scholarly and policy-oriented books and periodicals on the issues facing the United Nations and its peoples and member states, with particular emphasis upon international, regional and transboundary policies. The United Nations University was established as a subsidiary organ of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 1972. It functions as an international community of scholars engaged in research, postgraduate training and the dissemination of knowledge to address the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are the concern of the United Nations and its agencies. Its activities are devoted to advancing knowledge for human security and development and are focused on issues of peace and governance and environment and sustainable development. The Univer- sity operates through a worldwide network of research and training centres and programmes, and its planning and coordinating centre in Tokyo. Traditional knowledge in policy and practice Traditional knowledge in policy and practice: Approaches to development and human well-being Edited by Suneetha M. Subramanian and Balakrishna Pisupati © United Nations University, 2010 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University Press United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel: +81-3-5467-1212 Fax: +81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] general enquiries: [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: +1-212-963-6387 Fax: +1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. Cover design by Mea Rhee Printed in Hong Kong ISBN 978-92-808-1191-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Traditional knowledge in policy and practice : approaches to development and human well-being / edited by Suneetha M. Subramanian and Balakrishna Pisupati. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-9280811919 (pbk.) 1. Traditional ecological knowledge. 2. Indigenous peoples—Ecology. 3. Sustainable development. 4. Community development. I. Subramanian, Suneetha M. II. Pisupati, Balakrishna. GN476.7.T727 2010 577—dc22 2010032035 Endorsement “International debates on traditional knowledge (TK) protection are on- going. However, negotiations are not always informed by any clear un- derstanding of the various ways that TK is so essential to sustainable development and to the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people. This collection, which comprises chapters by experts from a wide range of backgrounds, including traditional knowledge-holding communities, should leave policy makers in no doubt that protecting TK is not only vital for indigenous peoples but for the common future of all of humanity.” Graham Dutfield, Professor of International Governance, School of Law, University of Leeds v Contents Tables, figures and boxes . ix Contributors . xi Acknowledgements . xix Foreword . xxi Ahmed Djoghlaf Abbreviations . xxiii Introduction . 1 Suneetha M. Subramanian and Balakrishna Pisupati 1 Diversities of knowledge communities, their worldviews and sciences: On the challenges of their co-evolution . 12 Bertus Haverkort and Coen Reijntjes 2 Indigenous knowledge and indigenous peoples’ education . 31 Marie Battiste 3 Indigenous institutions and contemporary development in Ghana: Potentials and challenges . 52 Stephen B. Kendie and Bernard Y. Guri CONTENTS vii 4 Gender and traditional knowledge: Seeing blind spots, redressing inequities for women . 72 Fatima Alvarez Castillo and Maria Nadja A. Castillo 5 Traditional knowledge, indigenous communities and ethical values . 97 Doris Schroeder Supplementary feature Fostering “mindfulness” in traditional knowledge research: The Code of Ethics of the International Society of Ethnobiology . 121 Kelly Bannister, Sarah A. Laird and Maui Solomon 6 Making space for grandma: The emancipation of traditional knowledge and the dominance of western-style intellectual property rights regimes . 130 Ikechi Mgbeoji 7 Characteristics, current relevance and retention of traditional knowledge in agriculture . 147 R. Rengalakshmi Supplementary feature Traditional land management techniques for climate change mitigation . 171 Oladimeji Idowu Oladele and Ademola K. Braimoh 8 Traditional knowledge and health . 181 Gerard Bodeker Supplementary feature Knowledge and practitioners: Is there a promotional bias? . 194 Unnikrishnan Payyappalli 9 Traditional knowledge: From environmental management to territorial development . 208 Guillen Calvo Valderrama and Salvatore Arico 10 Traditional knowledge and biodiversity: Can the co-evolution of natural and social systems continue? . 226 Suneetha M. Subramanian viii CONTENTS Supplementary feature 1 The complex rite of passage from invisible subjects to “subjects of rights” to attain benefit sharing in the implementation of the CBD: The case of the babassu breaker women in Brazil . 240 Joaquim Shiraishi Neto, Noemi Miyasaka Porro and José Antonio Puppim de Oliveira Supplementary feature 2 Hoodia and the San . 248 Rachel Wynberg 11 Bridging formal and informal governance regimes for effective water management: The role of traditional knowledge . 252 Alphonse Kambu Supplementary feature Cultural rehydration: Toward sustainable water governance alternatives . 266 Ameyali Ramos Castillo 12 Integrating traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation . 272 Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono 13 Traditional knowledge and economic development: The biocultural dimension . 294 Kabir Bavikatte, Harry Jonas and Johanna von Braun 14 A practical approach to traditional knowledge and indigenous heritage management: A case study of Moriori heritage management practice . 327 Tom Lanauze, Susan Forbes and Maui Solomon 15 Conclusion . 344 Suneetha M. Subramanian and Balakrishna Pisupati Glossary . 348 Index . 350 Tables, figures and boxes Table 1.1 Typology of relations between different forms of knowledge 22 Figures 1.1 In the real world, the social, natural and spiritual worlds interact . 19 4.1 Knowledge systems in the world. 79 Boxes 4.1 Violence against women a barrier to their political participation. 83 4.2 The Nigerian Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development . 85 4.3 The Kani tribe and plant royalties: An example of women’s involvement and benefit. 87 5.1 Exploitation . 100 5.2 The San-Hoodia benefit sharing case . 107 5.3 The Chiapas case. 110 5.4 Synopsis of the International Society of Ethnobiology Code of Ethics . 124 7.1 Social construction of traditional knowledge on soil fertility management in an agricultural community, Tamil Nadu . 150 7.2 Specialized knowledge of women in small millet cultivation and utilization. 152 ix x Tables, figures and boxes 7.3 Rituals and cultural practices associated with small millet diversity management in Kolli Hills among Malayali tribals. 155 7.4 Institutionalization of traditional knowledge and practices about seeds. 156 7.5 Harmonizing traditional and scientific knowledge systems in rainfall prediction and utilization: The experience of a farming community, Tamil Nadu. 159 7.6 Participatory plant breeding in traditional paddy landraces, Orissa, India. 160 7.7 Integrating scientific and traditional knowledge in coffee berry borer management under an organic farming system in Tamil Nadu. 162 8.1 Revitalizing Local Healing Traditions in India . 204 9.1 Traditional environmental management and the worldview of the James Bay Cree People. 212 9.2 The intercontinental biosphere reserve of the Mediterranean, Morocco and Spain. 219 9.3 Traditional perceptions of marine issues, related knowledge systems and implications for management. 222 10.1 Some examples of best practice community partnerships. 236 11.1 A working definition of water governance. 254 11.2 Case study 1: Water clarification and purification in Singida District, Tanzania. 258 11.3 Case study 2: Water collection in the Sundergarh district of India. 259 11.4 Case study 3: Irrigation and water allocation in Bali, Indonesia. 259 12.1 A story from the Ecuadorian Andes. 274 12.2 A Nepalese story. 276 12.3 An Ethiopia watershed story. 279 12.4 A Nicaragua story. 282 12.5 Harnessing traditional knowledge and modern science. 289 12.6 Tuvalu stories. 290 13.1 Indigenous peoples declarations. 300 13.2 The relational self . 303 13.3 African model legislation for the protection of the rights of local communities, farmers and breeders, and for the regulation of access to biological resources. 305 13.4 Raika Biocultural Community Protocol. 320 13.5 Impacts of biocultural community protocols. 322 14.1 Kopi. 335 Contributors Fatima Alvarez Castillo is professor of assessments and the science-policy Politics and Social Research at the nexus. His current area of scientific University of the Philippines, interest and specialization is Manila. She conducts biodiversity and the sustainable multidisciplinary studies on issues development dimensions of climate relevant to human rights and justice. change and in this regard he has Women’s rights and gender inequity acted as an invited expert of the are consistent themes in her IPCC AR5 Scoping Meeting (2009). research and advocacy. Her current He is affiliated to several
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traditional Knowledge
    Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge The current international system for protecting intellectual property was fashioned during the age of industrialization and developed subsequently in line with the perceived needs of technologically advanced societies. However, in recent years, indigenous peoples, local communities, and governments mainly in developing countries, have demanded equivalent protection for traditional knowledge . WIPO member states take part in negotiations within the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (IGC), in order to develop an international legal instrument (or instruments) that would give traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional cultural expressions (folklore) effective and balanced protection. Such an instrument could range from a recommendation to WIPO members to a formal treaty that would bind countries choosing to ratify it. Representatives of indigenous and local communities are assisted by the WIPO Voluntary Fund to attend the IGC, and their active participation is crucial for a successful outcome. Traditional knowledge is not so-called because of its antiquity, much traditional knowledge and many traditional cultural expressions are not ancient or inert, but a vital, dynamic part of the lives of many communities today. The adjective “traditional” qualifies a form of knowledge or an expression which has a traditional link with a community: it is developed, sustained and passed on within a community, sometimes through specific customary systems of transmission. In short, it is the relationship with the community that makes knowledge or expressions “traditional.” Traditional knowledge is not easily protected by the current intellectual property system, which typically grants protection for a limited period to inventions and original works by named individuals or companies.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Experiences in the U.S. with Climate Change
    Climate Change and Environmental StewardshipIndigenous Experiences in the Anthropocene in the U.S. with Abstract: The recognition of climate change issues facing trib- al communities and indigenous peoples in the United States Karletta Chief is growing, and understanding its impacts is rooted in indig- (Navajo Nation), Assistant enous ethical perspectives and systems of ecological knowl- Professor, Department of Soil, edge. This foundation presents a context and guide for con- Water, and Environmental temporary indigenous approaches to address climate change Sciences, University of impacts that are comprehensive and holistic. Tribal communi- Arizona, Tucson, AZ ties and indigenous peoples across the United States are re- envisioning the role of science in the Anthropocene; working John J. Daigle to strengthen government-to-government relationships in cli- mate change initiatives; and leading climate change research, (Penobscot Nation), Associate mitigation and adaptation plans through indigenous ingenuity. Professor, School of Forest Unique adaptive capacities of tribal communities stem from Resources, University of their ethics and knowledge, and help frame and guide suc- Maine, Orono, ME cessful adaptation. As documented in the Special Issue of the Climatic Change Journal on the impacts of climate change to Kathy Lynn U.S. indigenous communities (Maldonado and others 2013), these issues include the loss of traditional knowledge; impacts Adjunct Faculty Researcher, to forests, ecosystems, traditional foods, and water; thawing Environmental Studies of Arctic sea ice and permafrost; and relocation of communi- Program, University of ties. This collaboration, by more than 50 authors from tribal Oregon, Eugene, OR communities, academia, government agencies, and NGOs, demonstrates the increasing awareness, interest, and need to Kyle Powys Whyte understand the unique ways in which climate change will af- (Citizen Potawatomi fect tribal cultures, lands, and traditional ways of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Modern Technologies to Capture and Share Indigenous Astronomical Knowledge
    Australian Academic & Research Libraries (2014) | Preprint Using Modern Technologies to Capture and Share Indigenous Astronomical Knowledge Martin Nakata a*, Duane Hamacher a, John Warren e, Alex Byrned, Maurice Pagnucco b, Ross Harley c, Srikumar Venugopal b, Kirsten Thorpe d, Richard Neville d and Reuben Bolt a a Nura Gili Indigenous Programs Unit, University of New South Wales b School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales c College of Fine Arts, University of New South Wales, Sydney d State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia e Microsoft Research, North Ryde, Australia Abstract Indigenous Knowledge is important for Indigenous communities across the globe and for the advancement of our general scientific knowledge. In particular, Indigenous astronomical knowledge integrates many aspects of Indigenous Knowledge, including seasonal calendars, navigation, food economics, law, ceremony, and social structure. We aim to develop innovative ways of capturing, managing, and disseminating Indigenous astronomical knowledge for Indigenous communities and the general public for the future. Capturing, managing, and disseminating this knowledge in the digital environment poses a number of challenges, which we aim to address using a collaborative project involving experts in the higher education, library, and industry sectors. Using Microsoft’s WorldWide Telescope and Rich Interactive Narratives technologies, we propose to develop software, media design, and archival management solutions to allow Indigenous communities to share their astronomical knowledge with the world on their terms and in a culturally sensitive manner. Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, cultural astronomy, data management, Intellectual property, Indigenous Australians. Introduction Although increasing numbers of Indigenous people live less traditional lives, many still seek to maintain meaningful connections to their traditional knowledge, heritage, and land (Edwards and Heinrich 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Icons of Survival: Metahumanism As Planetary Defense." Nerd Ecology: Defending the Earth with Unpopular Culture
    Lioi, Anthony. "Icons of Survival: Metahumanism as Planetary Defense." Nerd Ecology: Defending the Earth with Unpopular Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2016. 169–196. Environmental Cultures. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 25 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474219730.ch-007>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 25 September 2021, 20:32 UTC. Copyright © Anthony Lioi 2016. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 6 Icons of Survival: Metahumanism as Planetary Defense In which I argue that superhero comics, the most maligned of nerd genres, theorize the transformation of ethics and politics necessary to the project of planetary defense. The figure of the “metahuman,” the human with superpowers and purpose, embodies the transfigured nerd whose defects—intellect, swarm-behavior, abnormality, flux, and love of machines—become virtues of survival in the twenty-first century. The conflict among capitalism, fascism, and communism, which drove the Cold War and its immediate aftermath, also drove the Golden and Silver Ages of Comics. In the era of planetary emergency, these forces reconfigure themselves as different versions of world-destruction. The metahuman also signifies going “beyond” these economic and political systems into orders that preserve democracy without destroying the biosphere. Therefore, the styles of metahuman figuration represent an appeal to tradition and a technique of transformation. I call these strategies the iconic style and metamorphic style. The iconic style, more typical of DC Comics, makes the hero an icon of virtue, and metahuman powers manifest as visible signs: the “S” of Superman, the tiara and golden lasso of Wonder Woman.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Knowledge and Global Lawmaking Kuei-Jung Ni
    Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 10 | Issue 2 Article 3 Winter 2011 Traditional Knowledge and Global Lawmaking Kuei-Jung Ni Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Recommended Citation Kuei-Jung Ni, Traditional Knowledge and Global Lawmaking, 10 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 85 (2011). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol10/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Vol. 10:2] Kuei-Jung Ni Traditional Knowledge and Global Lawmaking Kuei-Jung Ni! I. INTRODUCTION ¶1 The value and significance of traditional knowledge (TK)1 has been widely recognized. According to the study of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), TK has tremendous merits in various respects, generating cultural, social, ecological, biological, agricultural, and industrial values.2 ¶2 In short, TK refers to the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities in the world. Yet there seems to be no definite and universally approved definition of TK.3 The concept of TK may be reflected in the work of the WIPO, which outlines its general scope as follows: [T]he term “traditional knowledge” refers to the content or substance of knowledge resulting from intellectual activity in a traditional context, and includes the know-how, skills, innovations, practices and learning that form part ! Professor of Law & Director, Institute of Technology Law, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • GREEN LANTERN the ANIMATED SERIES by - Manyfist in 2011 There Was a CGI Series That Aired on Cartoon Network
    GREEN LANTERN THE ANIMATED SERIES By - Manyfist In 2011 there was a CGI series that aired on Cartoon Network. It was part their DC Nation block. You arrive when a certain human pilot is on Oa, about to skip half way across the universe in the experimental ship. While the storyline lasts only a year, there is still much untold stories to be told. As such your benefactor, had given you +1000cp (Choice Points) to help you on your journey to the frontier of the universe. LOCATION Unfortunately space is a vast place, and your choice of rings depend on where you start out at. Green On board the Interceptor sleeping as Hal & Kilowog steal it. Aya's scanners did not realize you were aboard until it was too late to turn around. Blue You're seeking hope on the planet called Mogo. This planet you're on, is a living planet who traps dangerous aliens and provides them with care. You were drawn in by accident really as your arrival was misinterpreted as a hostile force, however you'll find your brother lantern, Blue Lantern Saint Walker, here as well. Mogo has complete control over its bio dome, and as an apology Mogo will do anything in its power to help. Red Listening to a sermon of Rage onboard, the Shard. The Shard is the only piece of Atrocitus' home world which was destroyed by the Manhunters. Here he has built a religion around the incident and intends to wipe off the Guardians of the Universe from the cosmos in revenge.
    [Show full text]
  • Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation P.O
    Revised CTUIR RENEWABLE ENERGY FEASIBILITY STUDY FINAL REPORT June 20, 2005 Rev.October 31, 2005 United States Government Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory DE-FC36-02GO-12106 Compiled under the direction of: Stuart G. Harris, Director Department of Science & Engineering Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation P.O. Box 638 Pendleton, Oregon 97801 2 Table of Contents Page No. I. Acknowledgement 5 II. Summary 6 III. Introduction 12 III-1. CTUIR Energy Uses and Needs 14 III-1-1. Residential Population – UIR 14 III-1-2. Residential Energy Use – UIR 14 III-1-3. Commercial and Industrial Energy Use – UIR 15 III-1-4. Comparison of Energy Cost on UIR with National Average 16 III-1-5. Petroleum and Transportation Energy Usage 16 III-1-6. Electrical Power Needs – UIR 17 III-1-7. State of Oregon Energy Consumption Statistics 17 III-1-8 National Energy Outlook 17 III-2. Energy Infrastructure on Umatilla Indian Reservation 19 III-2-1. Electrical 20 III-2-2. Natural Gas 21 III-2-3. Biomass Fuels 21 III-2-4. Transportation Fuels 21 III-2-5. Other Energy Sources 21 III-3. Renewable Energy Economics 21 III-3-1. Financial Figures of Merit 21 III-3-2. Financial Structures 22 III-3-3. Calculating Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) 23 III-3-4. Financial Model and Results 25 IV. Renewable Energy Resources, Technologies and Economics – In-and-Near the UIR 27 IV-1 Biomass Resources 27 IV-1-1. Resource Availability 27 IV-1-1-1. Forest Residues 27 IV-1-1-2.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Technologies and Traditional Cultural Expressions: a Positive Look at a Difficult Relationship Mira Burri*
    International Journal of Cultural Property (2010) 17:33–63. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2010 International Cultural Property Society doi:10.1017/S0940739110000032 Digital Technologies and Traditional Cultural Expressions: A Positive Look at a Difficult Relationship Mira Burri* Abstract: Digital technologies have often been perceived as imperilling tradi- tional cultural expressions (TCE). This angst has interlinked technical and so- ciocultural dimensions. On the technical side, it is related to the affordances of digital media that allow instantaneous access to information without real loca- tion constraints, data transport at the speed of light and effortless reproduction of the original without any loss of quality. In a sociocultural context, digital technologies have been regarded as the epitome of globalization forces—not only driving and deepening the process of globalization itself but also spreading its effects. The present article examines the validity of these claims and sketches a number of ways in which digital technologies may act as benevolent factors. It illustrates in particular that some digital technologies can be instrumentalized to protect TCE forms, reflecting more appropriately the specificities of TCE as a complex process of creation of identity and culture. The article also seeks to reveal that digital technologies—and more specifically the Internet and the World Wide Web—have had a profound impact on the ways cultural content is created, disseminated, accessed and consumed. It is argued that this environ- ment may have generated various opportunities for better accommodating TCE, especially in their dynamic sense of human creativity. Digital technologies have often been perceived as imperiling traditional cultural expressions (TCE).
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating Babassu Palm Density Using Automatic Palm Tree Detection
    Estimating babassu palm density using automatic palm tree detection with very high spatial resolution satellite images Alessio Moreira dos Santos, Danielle Mitja, Eric Delaître, Laurent Demagistri, Izildinha de Souza Miranda, Thérèse Libourel Rouge, Michel Petit To cite this version: Alessio Moreira dos Santos, Danielle Mitja, Eric Delaître, Laurent Demagistri, Izildinha de Souza Miranda, et al.. Estimating babassu palm density using automatic palm tree detection with very high spatial resolution satellite images. Journal of Environmental Management, Elsevier, 2017, 193, pp.40 - 51. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.004. ird-01715147 HAL Id: ird-01715147 https://hal.ird.fr/ird-01715147 Submitted on 22 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Estimating babassu palm density using automatic palm tree detection with very high 2 spatial resolution satellite images 3 Alessio Moreira dos Santos ab*, Danielle Mitjac, Eric Delaîtrec, Laurent Demagistric, Izildinha de 4 Souza Mirandaa, Thérèse Libourelc, Michel Petitd. 5 6 a. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), CP.917, Belém, Pará, 66077-530, Belém, 7 Brazil. [email protected], [email protected] 8 b. Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), Folha 31, Quadra 07, Lote 9 Especial, Nova Marabá, 68507-590, Marabá, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Blackest Night / Brightest Day Jumpchain What Is Death in a World
    Blackest Night / Brightest Day Jumpchain What is death in a world like this one? Great heroes and villains alike have tasted the sweet kiss of oblivion, both deserving and not. Yet death has also been defied, and many more have returned to life through circumstance or miracle. Two heroes in particular – Hal Jordan, a Green Lantern of Earth, and Barry Allen, The Flash, both ponder this together as they talk over the gravestone of Bruce Wayne. Both had died and returned to life before. And soon, many more will return as well...but not in a way they or anyone else would expect. Recently, the Green Lantern Corps, a peacekeeping organization created by the self-touted Guardians of the Universe, have been at war with the Sinestro Corps founded by its namesake rogue who fell from grace in the past. As this conflict raged on, other Lantern Corps were discovered or created as all seven colors on the Emotional Spectrum were revealed to the galaxy. But as this conflict and chaos rages on, a prophecy is fulfilled and as the various colors come into battle with each other, a darker force awakens. The Entity of Death, Nekron, acting through the villain Death’s Hand, has prepared to unleash a plague on the entire universe. One that will see the billions of dead across all of creation rise and seek to ravage the living, before extinguishing all life entirely within the Blackest Night. Just as this conversation began, you appear. You are a new or veteran member of one of the existing Lantern Corps...unless you are a Black Lantern, in which you rise from death not long after as the crisis of the Blackest Night begins.
    [Show full text]
  • Coconut Genetic Resources
    Coconut Genetic Resources Pons Batugal, V. Ramanatha Rao and Jeffrey Oliver, editors i COCONUT GENETIC RESOURCES The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. IPGRI has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Improving Livelihoods in Commodity-based Systems. The international status of IPGRI is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2005, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for IPGRI’s research is provided by more than 150 donors, including governments, private foundations and international organizations. For details of donors and research activities please see IPGRI’s Annual Reports, which are available in printed form on request from [email protected] or from IPGRI’s Web site (www.ipgri.cgiar.org).
    [Show full text]
  • GREEN LANTERN the ANIMATED SERIES by - Manyfist in 2011 There Was a CGI Series That Aired on Cartoon Network
    GREEN LANTERN THE ANIMATED SERIES By - Manyfist In 2011 there was a CGI series that aired on Cartoon Network. It was part their DC Nation block. You arrive when a certain human pilot is on Oa, about to skip half way across the universe in the experimental ship. While the storyline lasts only a year, there is still much untold stories to be told. As such your benefactor, had given you +1000cp (Choice Points) to help you on your journey to the frontier of the universe. LOCATION Unfortunately space is a vast place, and your choice of rings depend on where you start out at. Green On board the Interceptor sleeping as Hal & Kilowog steal it. Aya's scanners did not realize you were aboard until it was too late to turn around. Blue You're seeking hope on the planet called Mogo. This planet you're on, is a living planet who traps dangerous aliens and provides them with care. You were drawn in by accident really as your arrival was misinterpreted as a hostile force, however you'll find your brother lantern, Blue Lantern Saint Walker, here as well. Mogo has complete control over its bio dome, and as an apology Mogo will do anything in its power to help. Red Listening to a sermon of Rage onboard, the Shard. The Shard is the only piece of Atrocitus' home world which was destroyed by the Manhunters. Here he has built a religion around the incident and intends to wipe off the Guardians of the Universe from the cosmos in revenge.
    [Show full text]