Aleksei A. Abrikosov 1928–2017
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The Development of the Science of Superconductivity and Superfluidity
Universal Journal of Physics and Application 1(4): 392-407, 2013 DOI: 10.13189/ujpa.2013.010405 http://www.hrpub.org Superconductivity and Superfluidity-Part I: The development of the science of superconductivity and superfluidity in the 20th century Boris V.Vasiliev ∗Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright ⃝c 2013 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract Currently there is a common belief that the explanation of superconductivity phenomenon lies in understanding the mechanism of the formation of electron pairs. Paired electrons, however, cannot form a super- conducting condensate spontaneously. These paired electrons perform disorderly zero-point oscillations and there are no force of attraction in their ensemble. In order to create a unified ensemble of particles, the pairs must order their zero-point fluctuations so that an attraction between the particles appears. As a result of this ordering of zero-point oscillations in the electron gas, superconductivity arises. This model of condensation of zero-point oscillations creates the possibility of being able to obtain estimates for the critical parameters of elementary super- conductors, which are in satisfactory agreement with the measured data. On the another hand, the phenomenon of superfluidity in He-4 and He-3 can be similarly explained, due to the ordering of zero-point fluctuations. It is therefore established that both related phenomena are based on the same physical mechanism. Keywords superconductivity superfluidity zero-point oscillations 1 Introduction 1.1 Superconductivity and public Superconductivity is a beautiful and unique natural phenomenon that was discovered in the early 20th century. Its unique nature comes from the fact that superconductivity is the result of quantum laws that act on a macroscopic ensemble of particles as a whole. -
Book of Abstracts
Book of Abstracts 3 Foreword The 23 rd International Conference on Atomic Physics takes place in Ecole Polytechnique, a high level graduate school close to Paris. Following the tradition of ICAP, the conference presents an outstanding programme of invited VSHDNHUVFRYHULQJWKHPRVWUHFHQWVXEMHFWVLQWKH¿HOGRIDWRPLFSK\VLFVVXFKDV Ultracold gases and Bose Einstein condensates, Ultracold Fermi gases, Fundamental atomic tests and measurements, Precision measurements, atomic clocks and interferometers, Quantum information and simulations with atoms and ions, Quantum optics and cavity QED with atoms, Atoms and molecules in optical lattices, From two-body to many-body systems, Ultrafast phenomena and free electron lasers, Beyond atomic physics (biophysics, optomechanics...). The program includes 31 invited talks and 13 ‘hot topic’ talks. This book of abstracts gathers the contributions of these talks and of all posters, organized in three sessions. The proceedings of the conference will be published online in open access by the “European 3K\VLFDO-RXUQDO:HERI&RQIHUHQFHV´KWWSZZZHSMFRQIHUHQFHVRUJ On behalf of the committees, we would like to welcome you in Palaiseau, and to wish you an excit- ing conference. 4 Committees Programme committee Alain Aspect France Michèle Leduc France Hans Bachor Australia Maciej Lewenstein Spain Vanderlei Bagnato Brazil Anne L’Huillier Sweden Victor Balykin Russia Luis Orozco USA Rainer Blatt Austria Jian-Wei Pan China Denise Caldwell USA Hélène Perrin France Gordon Drake Canada Monika Ritsch-Marte Austria Wolfgang Ertmer Germany Sandro Stringari Italy Peter Hannaford Australia Regina de Vivie-Riedle Germany Philippe Grangier France Vladan Vuletic USA Massimo Inguscio Italy Ian Walmsley UK Hidetoshi Katori Japan Jun Ye USA Local organizing committee Philippe Grangier (co-chair) Institut d’Optique - CNRS Michèle Leduc (co-chair) ENS - CNRS Hélène Perrin (co-chair) U. -
Lev Davidovich Landau Born: 12 January, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire Died: 1 April, 1968, Moscow, Soviet Union
Symmetry XIII (2019) 1 Dedicated to Lev Davidovich Landau Born: 12 January, 1908, Baku, Russian Empire Died: 1 April, 1968, Moscow, Soviet Union Symmetry XIII (2019) 2 Volume XIII, 2019 Editorial Symmetry This issue of symmetry is dedicated to the great physicists Lev Devidovich Landau. An annual Publication of CDP, TU Landau Soviet theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum theory of (Covid-19 Issue) condensed matter whose pioneering research in this field was recognized with the Patron 1962 Nobel Prize for Physics. In the year 1941, he successfully applied quantum Prof. Dr. Binil Aryal theory to the movement of superfluid liquid helium. Landau argued for the need of yet another radical conceptual revolution in physics in order to resolve the Advisory Board mounting difficulties in relativistic quantum theory. The collective work of Prof. Dr. Om Prakash Niraula Landau’s group embraced practically every branch of theoretical physics. In 1946 Prof. Dr. Raju Khanal he described the phenomenon of Landau damping of electromagnetic waves in Prof. Dr. Narayan Prasad Adhikari plasma. Together with Vitaly L. Ginzburg, in 1950 Landau obtained the correct Prof. Dr. Ram Prasad Regmi equations of the macroscopic theory of superconductivity. During the 1950s he and Prof. Dr. Ishwar Koirala collaborators discovered that even in renormalized quantum electrodynamics, a Dr. Hari Prasad Lamichhane new divergence difficulty appears (the Landau pole). The phenomenon of the Dr. Bal Ram Ghimire coupling constant becoming infinite or vanishing at some energy is an important Dr. Ajay Kumar Jha feature of modern quantum field theories. In this volume, there are 7 articles Dr. -
CURRICULUM VITAE SANDRO STRINGARI Born in Italy on March
CURRICULUM VITAE SANDRO STRINGARI Born in Italy on March 2nd, 1949 Married with two daughters. Italian citizenship EDUCATION, MAIN APPOINTMENTS AND AWARDS 1972 Laurea in Physics cum laude at the Università di Pisa and Scuola Normale Superiore 1972/1973 Fellowship at the Scuola Normale Superiore 1973-1976 Research assistant at the Università di Trento 1976 Visiting scientist at the Department of Theoretical Physics, Oxford (6 months) 1976-1980 Assistant professor at the Università di Trento 1978/1979 CNRS visitor at the Institute de Physique Nucleaire, Orsay 1980-1990 Associate professor at the Università di Trento 1985/1986 CNRS visitor at the Institute de Physique Nucleaire, Orsay 1990 Visiting scientist at the Laue-Langevin Institute, Grenoble (1 month) 1990 Full professor at the Università di Trento 2002 M.T. Messori Roncaglia and E. Mari prize of the Accademia dei Lincei 2002 Visiting professor at the Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris (1 month) 2004/2005 European Chair at the College de France, Paris 2007 Visiting professor at the Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris (1 month) 2008 Visiting professor at the Center for Ultracold Atoms, MIT-Harvard (2 months) ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES (selection) 1992-1995 Chairman of the Physics Department, Università di Trento 1996/1997 Vice-Rector of the Università di Trento 1996-2000 National coordinator of the INFM Project "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in Alkali Atoms” 2002 Director of the INFM Research and Development BEC Center 2006 Member of the Evaluation Committee -
CP Violation's Early Days
CERN Courier July/August 2014 Anniversary Temperature is our business CP violation’s early days Mineral Insulated Cable Reliable, Highly accurate cabling capable of A brief look back at a discovery that surprised operating in extreme environments. the world of particle physics 50 years ago. MgO and SiO2 Cables. RF Coaxial Cables. Multiconductor Transmission Cables. In the summer of 1964, at the International Conference on High- Welded and hermetically sealed connections. Energy Physics (ICHEP) in Dubna, Jim Cronin presented the results Capable of operating in and measuring temperatures of an experiment studying neutral kaons at Brookhaven National of up to 1,260oC. Laboratory. In particular, it had shown that the long-lived neutral Capable of operating in the following atmospheres - kaon can decay into two pions, which implied the violation of CP oxidising, reducing, neutral and vacuum. symmetry – a discovery that took the physics community by sur- prise. The news was greeted with some scepticism and met a barrage of questions. Everyone wanted to be satisfi ed that nothing had been overlooked, and that all other possibilities had been considered care- The experiment that discovered CP violation at Brookhaven was fully and ruled out. People need not have worried. Cronin, together set up in a neutral beamline, directed inside the ring of the Innovation at Okazaki: Cabling, Temperature Sensors & Heaters | okazaki-mfg.com with Val Fitch, visiting French physicist René Turlay and graduate Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. Visible here are the two student Jim Christenson, had spent months asking themselves the spectrometer magnets positioned at 22° to the beam. Spark CERN_125x193:Mise en page 1 18/09/12 17:17 Page 1 same questions, testing and cross-checking their results thoroughly. -
Complexity, Symmetry and Strong Correlations
Jak Chakhalian COMPLEXITY, SYMMETRY AND Solid State Physics 601 STRONG CORRELATIONS Fall 2017 Phenomena Emerging from Complexity APPROACH TO COMPLEX PHENOMENA reductionism and emergence 3 Exploring the Unit materials which deform under stress, like polymers, liquids, colloids, and granular materials. The written text for this unit focuses on solid state physics, whereas the video touches on both solid state and soft condensed matter. In today’s session, we will focus on emergence in condensed matter physics: both solid-state and soft condensed matter. By some accounts, all of condensed matter physics can be considered emergent. The simplest definition of emergence is the interaction of individual pieces, following simple rules, which leads to collective behavior. There is no leader, or top-down control in such systems—the collective behavior comes from the bottom-up interaction of many individuals. In flocking, for example, each bird is following simple rules: Stay close to your neighbors, but not too close, and avoid predators. From these rules comes surprisingly coherent behavior of the flock as a whole. (Note: In particular, non-linear interactions, in which the character of the interaction changes with some parameter, like distance, lead to surprising behavior. In this way, complex behavior is not simply the additive sum of many individual interactions.) WHAT IS EMERGENCE ? Here is a definition of emergence from the National Academies: 3 Emergent phenomena in condensed-matter and materials physics are those that cannot be understood with models that treat the motions of the individual particles within the material independently. Instead, the essence of emergent phenomena lies in the complex interactions between many particles that result in the diverse behavior and often unpredictable collective motion of many particles. -
Arxiv:1610.06882V2 [Astro-Ph.HE] 1 Mar 2017
International Journal of Modern Physics D c World Scientific Publishing Company NEUTRON STARS IN THE LABORATORY VANESSA GRABER1;2 [email protected] NILS ANDERSSON1 [email protected] MICHAEL HOGG1 1Mathematical Sciences and STAG Research Centre, University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom 2Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3550 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada Received Day Month Year Revised Day Month Year Neutron stars are astrophysical laboratories of many extremes of physics. Their rich phe- nomenology provides insights into the state and composition of matter at densities which cannot be reached in terrestrial experiments. Since the core of a mature neutron star is expected to be dominated by superfluid and superconducting components, observations also probe the dynamics of large-scale quantum condensates. The testing and under- standing of the relevant theory tends to focus on the interface between the astrophysics phenomenology and nuclear physics. The connections with low-temperature experiments tend to be ignored. However, there has been dramatic progress in understanding labo- ratory condensates (from the different phases of superfluid helium to the entire range of superconductors and cold atom condensates). In this review, we provide an overview of these developments, compare and contrast the mathematical descriptions of laboratory condensates and neutron stars and summarise the current experimental state-of-the-art. arXiv:1610.06882v2 [astro-ph.HE] 1 Mar 2017 This discussion suggests novel ways that we may make progress in understanding neutron star physics using low-temperature laboratory experiments. Keywords: PACS numbers: Contents 1. Neutron Stars and Fundamental Physics . -
The Conflicting Case of Lev Davidovich Landau's Cerebral Death
International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE) Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2018, PP 30-35 ISSN 2349-0373 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0381 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0503003 www.arcjournals.org The Conflicting Case of Lev Davidovich Landau's Cerebral Death Celso Luis Levada1, Huemerson Maceti2, Ivan José Lautenschleguer3, Miriam de Magalhães Oliveira Levada4 1, 2, 3, 4 Teaching Group of Sciences of Herminio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas /Brazil *Corresponding Author: Celso Luis Levada, Teaching Group of Sciences of Herminio Ometto Foundation - Uniararas /Brazil Abstract: On April 1, 2018, it will complete fifty years of the death of one of the scientists who contributed most to the development of physics in the 20th century, the Russian Lev Davidovich Landau. He was born on January 22, 1908 in Baku, Azerbaijan, in what was then the Russian Empire. He was a prominent soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory of super fluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium. On January, 1962, Landau was seriously injured in an automobile accident and remained three months in a coma, being declared clinically dead four times. Recovered, he lived another six years. Landau died on April, 1968, aged 60, from complications from the accident. The case involving Landau introduces a conflict related to the removal of organs from people believed to be brain dead. Keywords: Landau, Nobel Prize Physics, Brain Death. 1. INTRODUCTION Landau was born in Baku, Azerbaijan, on January 22, 1908, the son of an oil engineer and a doctor. -
Lev Davidovich Landau (1908=1968)
Lev Landau: a View from the West Pierre Hohenberg, New York University APS Meeting, March 18, 2009 1 Lev Davidovich Landau (1908 -1968) I. Introduction II. The main scientific achievements III. The Course in Theoretical Physics and the Landau school IV. The scientific legacy 2 3 Lev Davidovich Landau • 1908 Born in Baku, Azerbaijan • 1921-1927 University (Baku, Leningrad) • 1928- 1932 Leningrad (Physicotechnical Institute) • 1929-1931 Travels to Copenhagen, Zurich, Germany, UK • 1932-1937 Kharkov (Physicotechnical Institute, University) • 1937-1962 Moscow (Institute for Physical Problems) • 1938 Imprisoned for 12-13 months • 1962 Automobile accident (January) • 1968 Dies in Moscow 4 The Main Scientific Achievements Landau wrote a total of 100 papers. For his 50th birthday he was presented with tablets with the ‘Ten Commandments’, to signify his 10 greatest papers: 1. Density Matrix (1927) 2. Landau Diamagnetism (1930) 3. Dynamics of Ferromagnets (1935; with E M Lifshitz) 4. Theory of Phase Transitions (1937) 5. Intermediate State of Superconductors (1937) 6. Statistical Theory of Nuclei (1937) 7. Theory of Superfluidity (1941) 8. Renormalization of Electron Charge in QED (1954, with Abrikosov and Khalatnikov) 9. Theory of Fermi Liquid (1956) 10. Two-component neutrino (1957) 5 6 A few more papers 2a. Antiferromagnetism (1933) 2b. Polarons (1933) 2c. Rayleigh Scattering in Fluids (1934, with Placzek) 6a. Cascade Theory of Electron Showers (1938, with Rumer) 7a. Theory of Turbulence (1944) 7b. Damping of Plasma Waves (1946) 7c. Phenomenological Theory of Superconductivity (1950, with Ginzburg) 7d. Hydrodynamic Theory of Multiple Particle Production (1953) 10a. Analytic Properties of Vertex in Quantum Field Theory (1959) 10b. -
Sandro Stringari Books and Main Review Papers: Main Edited Books
Sandro Stringari Books and main review papers: Theory of ultracold atomic Fermi gases Stefano Giorgini, Lev P. Pitaevskii, Sandro Stringari, cond-mat/0706.3360, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. (2008) Bose-Einstein Condensation Lev Pitaevskii and Sandro Stringari, Int. Series of Monographs on Physics (Oxford University Press) 2003 Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases Franco Dalfovo, Stefano Giorgini, Lev Pitaesvkii and Sandro Stringari, Reviews of Modern Physics 71 , 463 (1999) Sum Rules and Giant Resonances in Nuclei E. Lipparini and S. Stringari, Physics Reports 175, 103 (1989) Main edited books Bose Einstein Condensation in atomic gases Proceedings of the 1998 E. Fermi Summer School held in Varenna, M. Inguscio, S. Stringari and C. Weiman eds.(IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999) Bose Einstein Condensation Proceedings of the 1993 international workshop held in Levico, A. Griffin, D. Snoke and S. Stringari eds. (Cambridge University Press, 1995) Publications 2008 Collisional properties of a polarized Fermi gas with resonant interactions G.M. Bruun, A. Recati, C.J. Pethcick, H. Smith and S. Stringari, arXiv:0804.1885 , Phys. Rev. Lett. The role of interactions in spin-polarized atomic Fermi gases at unitarity A. Recati, C. Lobo and S. Stringari, cond-mat/0803.4419, Phys. Rev. A Theory of ultracold atomic Fermi gases Stefano Giorgini, Lev P. Pitaevskii, Sandro Stringari, cond-mat/0706.3360, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. (2008) Destroying superfluidity by rotating a fermi gas at unitarity , I. Bausmerth, A. Recati and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. Lett.. 100 070401 (2008) Tkachenko modes in a superfluid Fermi gas at unitarity Gentaro Watanabe, Marco Cozzini, and Sandro Stringari, Phys. -
Soviet Science As Cultural Diplomacy During the Tbilisi Conference on General Relativity Jean-Philippe Martinez
Soviet Science as Cultural Diplomacy during the Tbilisi Conference on General Relativity Jean-Philippe Martinez To cite this version: Jean-Philippe Martinez. Soviet Science as Cultural Diplomacy during the Tbilisi Conference on General Relativity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, 64 (1), pp.120-135. 10.21638/11701/spbu02.2019.107. halshs-02145239 HAL Id: halshs-02145239 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02145239 Submitted on 2 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Вестник СПбГУ. История. 2019. Т. 64. Вып. 1 Soviet Science as Cultural Diplomacy during the Tbilisi Conference on General Relativity J.-P. Martinez For citation: Martinez J.-P. Soviet Science as Cultural Diplomacy during the Tbilisi Conference on General Relativity. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2019, vol. 64, issue 1, рp. 120–135. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2019.107 Scientific research — in particular, military and nuclear — had proven during the Second World War to have the potential to demonstrate the superiority of a country. Then, its inter- nationalization in the post-war period led to its being considered a key element of cultural diplomacy. -
Springer Book Archives Seite 823 P-Adic Numbers 1997 1984
Springer Book Archives p-adic Numbers An Introduction Fernando Quadros Gouvea 1997 P-adic Numbers, p-adic Analysis, and Zeta- Functions Neal Koblitz 1984 Paartherapie und Paarsynthese Lernmodell Liebe Michael Cöllen 1997 Deanna J. Stouder; Peter A. Bisson; Robert J. Pacific Salmon And Their Ecosystems Status and future options Naiman 1997 Package Electrical Modeling, Thermal Modeling, and Processing for GaAs Wireless Applications Dean L. Monthei 1999 Packaging in the Envirnment Geoffrey M. Levy 1995 Packaging in the Environment Geoffrey M. Levy 1992 Packaging Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Products Frank A. Paine; H. Lockhart 1995 Packaging User's Handbook Frank A. Paine 1990 Pädiatrie upgrade 2002 Weiter- und Fortbildung B. Koletzko; D. Reinhardt; S. Stöckler-Ipsiroglu 2002 Pädiatrische Kardiologie Thomas Borth-Bruhns; Andrea Eichler 2004 Erkrankungen des Herzens bei Neugeborenen, Säuglingen, Kindern und Pädiatrische Kardiologie Heranwachsenden Jürgen Apitz 2002 Pädiatrische Nephrologie K. Schärer; O. Mehls 2002 Paediatric Emergencies Thomas Lissauer 1982 Paediatric Endocrinology in Clinical Practice A. Aynsley-Green 1984 Paediatric Neoplasia An Atlas and Text S. Variend 1993 Paediatrics N.D. Barnes; N.R.C. Roberton 1982 Proceedings of the First Convention of the Pain - A Medical and Anthropological Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgia, Bonn, Challenge September 25-28, 1985 Jean Brihaye; Fritz Loew; H.W. Pia 1987 Pain and Neurogenic Inflammation S.D. Brain; P.K. Moore 1999 Nayef E. Saadé; Suhayl J. Jabbur; A. Vania Pain and Neuroimmune Interactions Apkarian 2000 J.M. Greep; H.A.J. Lemmens; D.B. Roos; H.C. Pain in Shoulder and Arm An Integrated View Urschel 1979 Pain Management and Anesthesiology M.A. Ashburn; P.G.