DOCSLIB.ORG

Using the Smart Grid Lab to Test a Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Modular Multilevel Converters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using the Smart Grid Lab to Test a Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Modular Multilevel Converters IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 Using the Smart Grid Lab to Test a Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Modular Multilevel Converters Abel A. Taese Norwegian University of Science and Technology May 8, 2019 Outline 1 Background 2 Power Hardware In the Loop Principle 3 Test Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 1 / 17 Outline 1 Background 2 Power Hardware In the Loop Principle 3 Test Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion System operators are requiring more services from converters to increase their utilization. The services include Power Oscillation Damping (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, and black start. Background Background Existing HVDC Link Planned HVDC Link 2 The number of HVDC links is increasing in the Norway 11 power system. 15 10 1 17 5 14 16 North Sea Denmark 3 12 9 8 18 6 7 Great Britain Germany Netherlands 4 13 Belguim 1. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3 & 4 10. Caithness Moray 2. Troll A (1, 2, 3 & 4) 11. Johan Sverdrup 3. NorNed 12. COBRA Cable 4. BritNed 13. NEMO Link 5. Valhall 14. NORD Link 6. BorWin 1, 2, 3 & 4 (3 & 4 not commissioned yet) 15. NorthConnect 7. DolWin 1, 2 & 3 (3 not commissioned yet) 16. Eastern Link 8. HelWin 1 & 2 17. North Sea Link (NSN) 9. SylWin 18. Viking Link HVDC in the North Sea Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 2 / 17 The services include Power Oscillation Damping (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, and black start. Background Background Existing HVDC Link Planned HVDC Link 2 The number of HVDC links is increasing in the Norway 11 power system. 15 10 1 17 5 14 16 North Sea Denmark 3 System operators are requiring more services 12 9 8 from converters to increase their utilization. 18 6 7 Great Britain Germany Netherlands 4 13 Belguim 1. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3 & 4 10. Caithness Moray 2. Troll A (1, 2, 3 & 4) 11. Johan Sverdrup 3. NorNed 12. COBRA Cable 4. BritNed 13. NEMO Link 5. Valhall 14. NORD Link 6. BorWin 1, 2, 3 & 4 (3 & 4 not commissioned yet) 15. NorthConnect 7. DolWin 1, 2 & 3 (3 not commissioned yet) 16. Eastern Link 8. HelWin 1 & 2 17. North Sea Link (NSN) 9. SylWin 18. Viking Link HVDC in the North Sea Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 2 / 17 Background Background 8.9.2016 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 241/17 6. Any necessary mitigating actions identified by the studies carried out in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 5 and reviewed by the relevant TSO shall be undertaken by the HVDC system owner as part of the connection of the new HVDC converter station. 7. The relevant TSO may specify transient levels of performance associated with events for the individual HVDC system or collectively across commonly impacted HVDC systems. This specification may be provided to protect the The number of HVDC links is increasing in the integrity of both TSO equipment and that of grid users in a manner consistent with its national code. power system. Article 30 Power oscillation damping capability The HVDC system shall be capable of contributing to the damping of power oscillations in connected AC networks. The control system of the HVDC system shall not reduce the damping of power oscillations. The relevant TSO shall specify a frequency range of oscillations that the control scheme shall positively damp and the network conditions when this occurs, at least accounting for any dynamic stability assessment studies undertaken by TSOs to identify the stability limits and potential stability problems in their transmission systems. The selection of the control parameter settings shall be agreed between the relevant TSO and the HVDC system owner. System operators are requiring more services The HVDC system shallArticle 31 be capable of from converters to increase their utilization. contributing toSubsynchronous the torsional damping interaction damping capability of power 1. With regard to subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) damping control, the HVDC system shall be capable of contributing to electrical damping of torsional frequencies. oscillations2. The relevant TSO in shall specify connected the necessary extent of SSTI studies and AC provide inputnetworks. parameters, to the extent available, related to the equipment and relevant system conditions in its network. The SSTI studies shall be provided by the HVDC system owner. The studies shall identify the conditions, if any, where SSTI exists and propose any necessary mitigation procedure. Member States may provide that the responsibility for undertaking the studies in accordance with this Article lies with the TSO. All parties shall be informed of the results of the studies. The services include Power Oscillation Damping 3. All parties identified by the relevant TSO as relevant to each connection point, including the relevant TSO, shall contribute to the studies and shall provide all relevant data and models as reasonably required to meet the purposes of the studies. The relevant TSO shall collect this input and, where applicable, pass it on to the party responsible for the studies in accordance with Article 10. (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, 4. The relevant TSO shall assess the result of the SSTI studies. If necessary for the assessment, the relevant TSO may request that the HVDC system owner perform further SSTI studies in line with this same scope and extent. 5. The relevant TSO may review or replicate the study. The HVDC system owner shall provide the relevant TSO all and black start. relevant data and models that allow such study to be performed. 6. Any necessary mitigating actions identified by the studies carried out in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 4, and reviewed by the relevant TSOs, shall be undertaken by the HVDC system owner as part of the connection of the new HVDC converter station. Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 ENTSOE Grid Code 2 / 17 Background POD POD is a service that aims to improve damping of electromechanical oscillations in a power system. Typical frequencies of inter-area oscillations are 0:2 2 Hz. − POD using converters can be achieved by injecting active power into the ac grid in counter-phase to the oscillation. Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 3 / 17 Background Test Grid B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background Electromechanical Oscillation B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background POD Action B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background The Challenge B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interconnector Services
    Interconnector Services Industry Challenges OUR SERVICES AT A GLANCE The electricity sector around the world is undergoing significant changes, often driven by the decarbonisation Interconnector policy and regulation agenda. For most countries, however, security of supply • Design of regulatory regimes remains the number one priority. At the same time, (including Cap and Floor in consumer price also remains a key issue. Interconnectors Great Britain) are uniquely well placed to meet these challenges of • Policy design (e.g. incentives to sustainability, security and affordability. increase interconnection) Interconnectors are unique transmission • Energy market design (e.g. design assets that enable the flow of electricity of capacity market to incorporate interconnectors) over high voltage cables between different NorthConnect countries or regions. The economic Icelink rationale for interconnectors is driven by Quantitative analysis fundamental differences in the generation mixes in the connecting countries which • Power market fundamentals lead to systematic electricity price NSN modelling spreads over long periods of time. For • Cost-benefit analysis (e.g. example, the generation portfolio in Moyle Viking arbitrage revenues, Capacity Great Britain (primarily thermal and Greenwire Market, ancillary services) renewable generation, with some nuclear) Greenlink BritNed is very different from that in France • Socio-economic impact analysis East-West (predominantly nuclear) or Norway Nemo • Financial analysis (e.g. to support (predominantly hydro). This is beneficial to IFA2 IFA FABLink ElecLink investment decisions) consumers as it allows cheaper electricity Aquind to be imported at times of high local prices and to generators as it allows surplus Strategic support generation to be exported at times of low • Advising on negotiations with Currently operational local prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Total Length = Approximately 760 Km 1400 MW (1.4 GW) Capacity Operational in 2022
    Welcome to Viking Link Viking Link is a proposed 1400 MW high voltage direct current (DC) electricity link between the British and Danish transmission systems connecting at Bicker Fen substation in Lincolnshire and Revsing in southern Jutland, Denmark. Viking Link will allow electricity to be exchanged between Great Britain and Denmark. Total length = approximately 760 km 1400 MW (1.4 GW) capacity Operational in 2022 GB GB The project is being jointly developed between National Grid Viking Link Limited and Energinet.dk. National Grid Viking Link Limited (NGVL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of National Grid Group and is legally separate from National Grid Electricity Transmission Plc (NGET) which has the licence to own and operate the high voltage electricity transmission system in England and Wales. Energinet.dk is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state as represented by the Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate. It owns, operates and develops the Danish electricity and gas transmission systems. CONTACT US e [email protected] t 0800 731 0561 w www.viking-link.com Why we are here Thank you for coming to this public consultation event about our proposals for Viking Link. The project is at an early stage and the impact of any proposals on local people and the environment will be carefully considered as we develop our project. We intend to apply for planning permission for the British onshore works through the local planning process and we will consult and listen carefully to local communities as we develop our plans. Today we would like to introduce the project and explain what we want to build.
    [Show full text]
  • For Hydropower
    REVIEW GRID EXTENSION Swapping wind power for hydropower Two cable routes between Norway calm, power can run into the opposite direction. Everybody is intended to benefit from the and Germany are expected to arrangements. The project partners involved believe enhance the two countries’ security that the renewable energy sources in the two countries complement each other perfectly. Electricity of supply. The NorGer and Nord.Link demand in Norway is met by using huge storage reservoirs that fill up with water from melting snow projects are awaiting their approval. starting in May and reach their highest level in autumn. During winter, when precipitation is again lthough the issue is already well known, it is mostly snow, the water is used up due to high power now becoming politically charged because of consumption. Wind power from Germany is especial­ Athe German government’s decision to press ly produced between October and March and thus on towards the “Energiewende” – the exclusive reli­ could ensure that water reservoirs in Norway are not ance on renewable energy. Phasing out nuclear ener­ emptied too fast, while the well filled reservoirs in Wind power from Germany gy and moving the energy industry towards renew­ summer compensate for weak wind months. is set to be coupled to water able sources will only be possible if new storage sys­ storage reservoirs in Norway. tems are being developed and used. One possibility One idea, two models Photo: Statnett SF would be using hydro reservoirs. As capacities of this kind are fairly restricted in Germany, some are think­ However, there are two different business models be­ ing of looking for opportunities farther north: Norway hind this basic idea.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Perspectives on Norway's Energy Future
    Research Paper Antony Froggatt, Paul Stevens and Siân Bradley Edited by Germana Canzi and Amanda Burton Energy, Environment and Resources Programme | June 2020 Expert Perspectives on Norway’s Energy Future Future on Norway’s Energy Expert Perspectives Expert Perspectives on Norway’s Energy Future Froggatt, Stevens and Bradley Stevens Froggatt, Chatham House Contents Abbreviations 2 Summary 3 1 Preamble: Energy Transition in a Post-COVID-19 World 5 2 Challenges and Opportunities for Norway 8 3 Norway’s Energy Future 13 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 38 Annex: Expert Perspectives 40 About the Editors 90 About the Interviewees 91 About the Authors 95 Acknowledgments 96 1 | Chatham House Expert Perspectives on Norway’s Energy Future Abbreviations CCS carbon capture and storage CCU carbon capture and use CCUS carbon capture, use and storage COP Conference of the Parties EIA Energy Information Administration EV electric vehicle GHG greenhouse gas GtCO2e gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent IEA International Energy Agency IPCC International Panel on Climate Change LUC land-use change mtoe million tonnes of oil equivalent NETs negative emissions technologies SAF sustainable aviation fuels SMR steam methane reformer SWF sovereign wealth fund UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2 | Chatham House Expert Perspectives on Norway’s Energy Future Summary • The world is undergoing a transition away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy. However, the speed and depth of this transition is uncertain and controversial. This will have significant implications for Norway, one of the world’s largest exporters of both energy and capital. • With international efforts to limit increases in global temperature to 2°C, and as close as possible to 1.5°C, appearing increasingly off-track, there is an urgent need for a rapid move away from the unabated use of fossil fuels.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements for Interconnection of HVDC Links with DC-DC Converters
    Requirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters Daniel Gomez A., Juan Paez, Marc Cheah-Mane, Jose Maneiro, Piotr Dworakowski, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Florent Morel To cite this version: Daniel Gomez A., Juan Paez, Marc Cheah-Mane, Jose Maneiro, Piotr Dworakowski, et al.. Re- quirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Oct 2019, Lisbon, Portugal. pp.4854-4860, 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927640. hal-02432353 HAL Id: hal-02432353 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02432353 Submitted on 8 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Requirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters Daniel Gómez A. Juan D. Páez Marc Cheah-Mane Jose Maneiro SuperGrid Institute SuperGrid Institute CITCEA-UPC SuperGrid Institute Villeurbanne, France Villeurbanne, France Barcelona, Spain Villeurbanne, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 5647-0488 8712-3630 0942-661X 5717-6176 Piotr Dworakowski Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt Florent Morel SuperGrid Institute CITCEA-UPC SuperGrid Institute Villeurbanne, France Barcelona, Spain Villeurbanne, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 6893-0103 9507-8278 3098-7806 Abstract— The number of high voltage direct current (HVDC) links continue to increase over the years, most of them, for offshore applications or bulk power transmission over long distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Interconnectors
    Connecting for a smarter future How interconnectors are making energy better for consumers Benefiting customers today Stronger links for and tomorrow a smarter future Interconnectors are making energy more secure, affordable Interconnectors are transmission cables that allow and sustainable for consumers across Great Britain (GB) electricity to flow freely between markets. They are at and Europe. And they are set to deliver much more. the heart of the transition to a smarter energy system. Tomorrow’s energy will be cleaner, more flexible and more responsive to the individual needs of consumers. To efficiently deliver the energy system of tomorrow, European countries are working together to maximise the potential of technologies £3 billion investment like battery storage, wind and solar power. Interconnectors Since 2014, over £3 billion has been invested in 4.4 GW of new enable smarter energy systems to react quickly to changes interconnector capacity, which will more than double the existing in supply and demand, ensuring renewable energy flows capacity between GB and continental Europe by the early 2020s. from where it is being generated in large quantities, to where it is needed most. Consumers benefit from interconnectors because they open the door to cheaper energy sources and Power for 11 million homes help GB build a smarter energy system. 4.4 GW of capacity provides access to enough electricity to power National Grid recognises 11 million homes. While the future relationship between GB and the EU the challenges that remains unclear, we are confident that we will continue Brexit poses. However, to trade electricity across interconnectors. It is in the best interests of all consumers for GB to keep working closely we remain confident 9.5 GW more that trade in electricity There is potential to increase the benefits to consumers through a with the EU to build an energy system that makes the best further 9.5 GW of interconnectors that will help deliver a smarter, more use of all our energy resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report
    Planning Scotland’s Seas The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report Marine Scotland The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Final Report Date: July 2013 Project Ref: R/4136/1 Report No: R.2097 © ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd Version Details of Change Date 1.0 Draft 29.04.2013 2.0 Draft 15.05.2013 3.0 Final 07.06.2013 4.0 Final 28.06.2013 5.0 Final 01.07.2013 6.0 Final 05.07.2013 Document Authorisation Signature Date Project Manager: S F Walmsley PP 05.07.2013 Quality Manager: C E Brown 05.07.2013 Project Director: S C Hull 05.07.2013 ABP Marine Environmental Research Ltd ABPmer is certified by: Quayside Suite, Medina Chambers, Town Quay, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 2AQ Tel: +44 (0) 23 8071 1840 Fax: +44 (0) 23 8071 1841 Web: www.abpmer.co.uk Email: [email protected] All images copyright ABPmer apart from front cover (wave, anemone, bird) and policy & management (rockpool) Andy Pearson www.oceansedgepzhotography.co.uk The Scottish Marine Protected Area Project – Developing the Evidence Base for Impact Assessments and the Sustainability Appraisal Summary Introduction The Marine (Scotland) Act and the UK Marine and Coastal Access Act contain provisions for the designation of a network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Scottish territorial and offshore waters in order to protect marine biodiversity and geodiversity and contribute to a UK and international network of MPAs.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Onshore Scheme Statement of Community Involvement
    UK Onshore Scheme Statement of Community Involvement VKL-08-39-G500-028 August 2017 © National Grid Viking Link Limited 2017. The reproduction or transmission of all or part of this report without the written permission of the owner, is prohibited and the commission of any unauthorised act in relation to the report may result in civil or criminal actions. National Grid Viking Link Limited will not be liable for any use which is made of opinions or views expressed within it. Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 1 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Scope of this document ................................................................................................................. 1 2.2 Structure of the report .................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Project Overview ........................................................................................................................... 3 3 THE PLANNING PROCESS ...................................................................................... 6 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Onshore consents and permits .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Norned Hvdc Link – Cable Design and Performance
    ReturnClose and to SessionReturn THE NORNED HVDC LINK – CABLE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE Thomas WORZYK, ABB Power Systems, Sweden, [email protected] Mats SJÖBERG, ABB Power Systems, Sweden, [email protected] Jan-Erik SKOG, Statnett, Norway, [email protected] Kees KOREMAN, TenneT, The Netherlands, [email protected] ABSTRACT The NorNed link is the longest submarine power cable +450 kV system ever with a distance of 580 km. The bipolar HVDC DC-cable system with ± 450 kV dc represents the state-of-the-art of “classic” HVDC technology while modern production and installation technology helped to push forward the limit of Eemshaven -450 kV Feda HVDC power transmission. This paper describes some of the characteristics of the power cables in the NorNed link. Figure 1. NorNed main circuit configuration KEYWORDS NorNed, HVDC, mass-impregnated cable, submarine cable. CABLE ROUTE INTRODUCTION The challenging cable route includes the following components: The cables for NorNed were supplied by two manufacturers. o Trenched land cable in the Netherlands Technical data given in this paper relate to the cables o Submarine cable in the tidal flats off the Netherlands, supplied from one manufacturer for approx. 70% of the with strict environmental installation requirements, and cable route. risks of moving sands changing the thermal cable ambient o Long portions of flat sea bottom with boulder fields with NORNED HVDC CABLE LINK water depth <100 m The NorNed link connects the Dutch to the Norwegian o The Norwegian trench with up to 400 m of water national power grid. Since these grids belong to different o Steep tunnels in Norway power frequency control areas in Europe (UCPTE and Nordel, resp.) they are asynchronous.
    [Show full text]
  • Brussels, XXX […](2013) XXX Draft
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX […](2013) XXX draft COMMISSION OPINION of XXX pursuant to Article 3(1) of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 and Article 10(6) of Directive 2009/72/EC – the Netherlands - Certification of TenneT TSO B.V. EN EN COMMISSION OPINION of XXX pursuant to Article 3(1) of Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 and Article 10(6) of Directive 2009/72/EC – the Netherlands - Certification of TenneT TSO B.V. I. PROCEDURE On 3 May 2013 the Commission received a preliminary decision from the Dutch regulatory authority (hereafter, "ACM") on the certification of TenneT TSO B.V. (hereafter "TenneT") as Transmission System Operator (TSO) for electricity, in accordance with Article 10(6) of Directive 2009/72/EC1 (hereafter, "Electricity Directive"). Pursuant to Article 3(1) Regulation (EC) No 714/20092 (hereafter, "Electricity Regulation"), the Commission is required to examine the notified draft decision and deliver an opinion to the relevant national regulatory authority as to its compatibility with Article 10(2) and Article 9 of the Electricity Directive. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTIFIED DECISION TenneT is the owner and operator of the entire Dutch onshore electricity transmission grid. It also co-owns and co-operates with its Norwegian counterpart Statnett the subsea NorNed- cable, a 700 MW interconnector connecting the Netherlands to Norway. The request for certification hence also includes the southern half of the NorNed-cable. TenneT Holding, the mother company of TenneT, is also the owner of TenneT Germany, a German TSO following a separate certification procedure in Germany. TenneTs shares are ultimately wholly owned by the Dutch state.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Government Arctic Policy: Mapping Report Jafry, Tahseen; Mikulewicz, Michael; Mattar, Sennan; Davidson, Magnus; Bremner, Barbara
    Scottish Government Arctic Policy: Mapping Report Jafry, Tahseen; Mikulewicz, Michael; Mattar, Sennan; Davidson, Magnus; Bremner, Barbara Publication date: 2019 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in ResearchOnline Citation for published version (Harvard): Jafry, T, Mikulewicz, M, Mattar, S, Davidson, M & Bremner, B 2019, Scottish Government Arctic Policy: Mapping Report. Scottish Government. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please view our takedown policy at https://edshare.gcu.ac.uk/id/eprint/5179 for details of how to contact us. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT ARCTIC POLICY MAPPING REPORT Compiled by Professor Tahseen Jafry Centre for Climate Justice Glasgow Caledonian University Project Team Dr Michael Mikulewicz and Sennan Mattar GCU Centre for Climate Justice Magnus Davidson and Barbara Bremner Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands June 2019 compiled in November 2018 Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 5 Context and background ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Electricity Markets
    Norwegian School of Economics Bergen, Autumn 2018 Integration of Electricity Markets An Analysis of TSO-Owned and Non-TSO-Owned Cross-Border Interconnectors Sofie Handal Bruvik & Sigrid Marthea Hernes Supervisor: Lassi Ahlvik Master Thesis within the profile of Economics and the profile of Energy, Natural Resources and the Environment NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS This thesis was written as a part of the Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration at NHH. Please note that neither the institution nor the examiners are responsible - through the approval of this thesis - for the theories and methods used, or results and conclusions drawn in this work. Abstract The European electricity market is gradually becoming more integrated due to increased cross- border transmission capacity. Integrated electricity markets are expected to improve social welfare through security of supply and efficient electricity generation. Thus, inadequate cross- border transmission capacity causes an inefficient allocation of resources at a regional level. The integration of electricity markets will impact electricity prices and the social welfare in the connected regions. A cross-border interconnector between the bidding zone NO5 in Norway and the market area Great Britain will exploit the different price levels and structures of the regions. The interconnector is expected to increase electricity prices in NO5 and decrease electricity prices in Great Britain. Further, the social welfare is expected to increase in both NO5 and Great Britain. This thesis estimates the annual congestion rent of a 1 400 MW interconnector between NO5 and Great Britain. The Norwegian share of the congestion rent is estimated to vary between e51,4 million and e168,4 million in the period from 2026 to 2045.
    [Show full text]