IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 Using the Smart Grid Lab to Test a Power Oscillation Damping Controller for Modular Multilevel Converters Abel A. Taese Norwegian University of Science and Technology May 8, 2019 Outline 1 Background 2 Power Hardware In the Loop Principle 3 Test Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 1 / 17 Outline 1 Background 2 Power Hardware In the Loop Principle 3 Test Setup 4 Results 5 Conclusion System operators are requiring more services from converters to increase their utilization. The services include Power Oscillation Damping (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, and black start. Background Background Existing HVDC Link Planned HVDC Link 2 The number of HVDC links is increasing in the Norway 11 power system. 15 10 1 17 5 14 16 North Sea Denmark 3 12 9 8 18 6 7 Great Britain Germany Netherlands 4 13 Belguim 1. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3 & 4 10. Caithness Moray 2. Troll A (1, 2, 3 & 4) 11. Johan Sverdrup 3. NorNed 12. COBRA Cable 4. BritNed 13. NEMO Link 5. Valhall 14. NORD Link 6. BorWin 1, 2, 3 & 4 (3 & 4 not commissioned yet) 15. NorthConnect 7. DolWin 1, 2 & 3 (3 not commissioned yet) 16. Eastern Link 8. HelWin 1 & 2 17. North Sea Link (NSN) 9. SylWin 18. Viking Link HVDC in the North Sea Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 2 / 17 The services include Power Oscillation Damping (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, and black start. Background Background Existing HVDC Link Planned HVDC Link 2 The number of HVDC links is increasing in the Norway 11 power system. 15 10 1 17 5 14 16 North Sea Denmark 3 System operators are requiring more services 12 9 8 from converters to increase their utilization. 18 6 7 Great Britain Germany Netherlands 4 13 Belguim 1. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3 & 4 10. Caithness Moray 2. Troll A (1, 2, 3 & 4) 11. Johan Sverdrup 3. NorNed 12. COBRA Cable 4. BritNed 13. NEMO Link 5. Valhall 14. NORD Link 6. BorWin 1, 2, 3 & 4 (3 & 4 not commissioned yet) 15. NorthConnect 7. DolWin 1, 2 & 3 (3 not commissioned yet) 16. Eastern Link 8. HelWin 1 & 2 17. North Sea Link (NSN) 9. SylWin 18. Viking Link HVDC in the North Sea Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 2 / 17 Background Background 8.9.2016 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 241/17 6. Any necessary mitigating actions identified by the studies carried out in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 5 and reviewed by the relevant TSO shall be undertaken by the HVDC system owner as part of the connection of the new HVDC converter station. 7. The relevant TSO may specify transient levels of performance associated with events for the individual HVDC system or collectively across commonly impacted HVDC systems. This specification may be provided to protect the The number of HVDC links is increasing in the integrity of both TSO equipment and that of grid users in a manner consistent with its national code. power system. Article 30 Power oscillation damping capability The HVDC system shall be capable of contributing to the damping of power oscillations in connected AC networks. The control system of the HVDC system shall not reduce the damping of power oscillations. The relevant TSO shall specify a frequency range of oscillations that the control scheme shall positively damp and the network conditions when this occurs, at least accounting for any dynamic stability assessment studies undertaken by TSOs to identify the stability limits and potential stability problems in their transmission systems. The selection of the control parameter settings shall be agreed between the relevant TSO and the HVDC system owner. System operators are requiring more services The HVDC system shallArticle 31 be capable of from converters to increase their utilization. contributing toSubsynchronous the torsional damping interaction damping capability of power 1. With regard to subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) damping control, the HVDC system shall be capable of contributing to electrical damping of torsional frequencies. oscillations2. The relevant TSO in shall specify connected the necessary extent of SSTI studies and AC provide inputnetworks. parameters, to the extent available, related to the equipment and relevant system conditions in its network. The SSTI studies shall be provided by the HVDC system owner. The studies shall identify the conditions, if any, where SSTI exists and propose any necessary mitigation procedure. Member States may provide that the responsibility for undertaking the studies in accordance with this Article lies with the TSO. All parties shall be informed of the results of the studies. The services include Power Oscillation Damping 3. All parties identified by the relevant TSO as relevant to each connection point, including the relevant TSO, shall contribute to the studies and shall provide all relevant data and models as reasonably required to meet the purposes of the studies. The relevant TSO shall collect this input and, where applicable, pass it on to the party responsible for the studies in accordance with Article 10. (POD), frequency support, ac voltage support, 4. The relevant TSO shall assess the result of the SSTI studies. If necessary for the assessment, the relevant TSO may request that the HVDC system owner perform further SSTI studies in line with this same scope and extent. 5. The relevant TSO may review or replicate the study. The HVDC system owner shall provide the relevant TSO all and black start. relevant data and models that allow such study to be performed. 6. Any necessary mitigating actions identified by the studies carried out in accordance with paragraphs 2 or 4, and reviewed by the relevant TSOs, shall be undertaken by the HVDC system owner as part of the connection of the new HVDC converter station. Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 ENTSOE Grid Code 2 / 17 Background POD POD is a service that aims to improve damping of electromechanical oscillations in a power system. Typical frequencies of inter-area oscillations are 0:2 2 Hz. − POD using converters can be achieved by injecting active power into the ac grid in counter-phase to the oscillation. Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 3 / 17 Background Test Grid B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background Electromechanical Oscillation B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background POD Action B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A. Taese (NTNU) IEEE PES Smart Grid Seminar 2019 4 / 17 Background The Challenge B1 20 kV : 380 kV B2 B3 B4 B5 380 kV : 20 kV B6 530 MW G1* 25 km 25 km 70 km G6 -46 MVar 308 MW 1389 MW 700 MW B7 20 kV : 380 kV B8 179 MVar 397 MVar 152 MVar G2* AC Grid 1 776 MW Droop mode 10% 916 MW Sign convention: 308 MVar Area 1 522 MW 46 MVar km 119 MVar Conv3 Machines: Positive = Production 25 B9 20 kV : 380 kV B10 Loads: Positive = Consumption Converters: Positive = Into the ac side G3 AC Grid 2 B20 AC Grid 3 700 MW 100 MVar Constant P mode Constant P mode Conv2 Conv1 B11 B12 B14 B15 B19 B21 B16 B17 B18 20 kV : 380 kV ±320 kV dc 380 kV : 20 kV G5 150 km 10 km G4* 807 MW 340 MW 128 MVar 100 MVar Fault 260 MW -798 MW km 80 MVar 222 MVar Area 2 25 811 MW 80 MVar B13 * Reference machine 300 MW 50 MVar Abel A.