Fundamentals of Emergency Communications 7/11/2021

USE AND DISTRIBUTION NOTICE Housekeeping • Introductions • Santa Clara County RACES authorization is granted to use and • Pen/pencil & paper duplicate this material as-is, as long as this page and the • Cell phones copyright notices on each page are included, acknowledging Fundamentals of • Santa Clara County ARES/RACES as the holder of the Side conversations copyright. Emergency Communications • Questions • Permission is granted to adapt this presentation to your needs • Breaks as long as you acknowledge our copyright and include a note • Restrooms similar to "adapted with permission from Santa Clara County • In case of emergency ARES/RACES.” Santa Clara County ARES®/RACES • No wandering or exploring • For additional information on training or any of our programs, Last Updated: July 10, 2021 other areas of the building send an email to: [email protected] • Assign a Tactical Call

ARES and Amateur Radio Emergency Service are registered servicemarks of the American Radio Relay League, Incorporated and are used by permission.

Introductions Learning Objectives Today’s Agenda

• At the end of this class, you will be able to • Disaster Service Worker • First Name – Describe the Disaster Service Worker program, including • Santa Clara County Nets • City where you live your responsibilities as a participant • Mobilization, Tracking, Demobilization • Did you attend the “Introduction to Emergency – Describe the purpose and appropriate usage of the main Communications” class or did you review the slides Santa Clara County ARES/RACES nets • Logging • FCC Call Sign – Properly submit a Mike-Mike report • Message Handling – Describe and execute the proper procedures for • Additional Training mobilization, tracking, and demobilization, including the • use of the Resource Net Credentialing Program – Understand how to use an ICS-205 to program your radio • Mutual Aid Communicator (MAC) Endorsement – Properly complete an ICS 214 Unit Activity Log Form • Action Items – Properly complete an ICS 213 Message Form

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Fictitious Call Signs What is Disaster Service? • All activities authorized by and carried on pursuant Examples used in this class make use of fictitious call signs: to the California Emergency Services Act, including • W6XRL4: Herman Munster approved and documented training necessary or proper to engage in disaster activities. – Character in a 1960 TV show – We will treat it like a real FCC call sign, even though it doesn’t have the correct format

• XNDEOC: City of Xanadu Emergency Operations Ctr Registration and Rules – We will treat it like a real tactical call sign DISASTER SERVICE WORKER

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What is a Disaster Service Worker? What’s in it for me? When am I covered as a DSW?

“… any natural person registered by an • Workers Compensation coverage by State • When registered accredited Disaster Council … for the purpose Compensation Insurance Fund • … and when activated of engaging in disaster service … without pay – … but it’s not a windfall; have your own insurance • and assigned by an accredited authority or other consideration.” • Limited liability protection when acting within scope • … and while performing your duties of assignment and training – … according to an approved training plan – … but we’re not lawyers and this is not legal advice – … while under supervision • Many activities require it in order to participate • Travel to and from a drill is not covered, but it is for a • See DSW brochure at: real activation. https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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The 5 Elements of Disaster Service Activation Registration The Two Most Common Questions

• Only an “authorized person” may register you • Registration • I registered for DSW with a different organization ― For county: Office of Emergency Management (OEM) official (CERT, animal rescue, fire, …). Does that cover me ― For city: Appropriate city officials (ask your EC who/how) with your group? • Training and Preparation • You must have a current DSW registration on file with the entity that is activating you – No. You must be registered with the proper classification. In our case: “Communications” • Activation – County DSW required for county drills and events – City DSW required for local city activities • DSW registration does not expire, but the Cards do! • I registered for DSW in a different jurisdiction. Does • Assignment • Personal information must be verified every 2 years that cover me with your group? – Address, phone numbers, etc. – No. Only the jurisdiction that registered you can activate • Supervision – https://www.scc-ares-races.org/activities > My Contact Info you. (County DSWs can be activated by the county and assigned to a local jurisdiction for mutual aid support.)

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Training Activation Assignment • Usually, assignment is made by radio • Everyone is responsible for their own training • Only an entity with whom you are registered may activate you – On Resource Net (county) – On city net (city) • Santa Clara County ARES/RACES: – In California DSW program, county and city registrations are separate • Location will be given by common name, address – http://www.scc-ares-races.org (procedures, forms, …) – City will activate you for city events e.g., Mountain View Fire Station 4; 229 N. Whisman Rd. – Training courses, drills, public service events • You must be registered with the city – – Credentialing Program County will activate you for county events and mutual aid situations • Write it down! • • Earn qualifications in various disciplines, at various levels You must be registered with the county • Have a paper street map or off-line map available at all times! • City training programs also available • An “Activation Number” will be issued “Google Maps” or “Here WeGo” – – Usually focus on city-specific procedures and capabilities Example county activation number: XSC-20-06 Must be stored on your device and usable with no Internet – Example city training activation number: MTV-21-01T • Incident Command System (ICS) training - FEMA • Standard shifts are 8 hours • – – Standardized, on-scene, all-hazards incident management approach Write it down! Be prepared for 12 hours – – Go Kit: batteries, connectors, food, water, clothing, essentials • Consider it your confirmation number that you were properly Other training – Red Cross, CERT, etc. activated under DSW rules – For full go kit contents: https://www.scc-ares-races.org

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Supervision Your To Do List (so far)

• You must be under continuous supervision • Become familiar with: https://www.scc-ares-races.org while on your assignment – At a minimum, review everything on the Operations page – You must be reachable by radio at all times • Obtain County and City DSW registration – You must have a radio that can be operated with • Inform family of Workers’ Comp provisions reasonable range while you are in your car, traveling to and from your destination • Get a magnetic mount antenna and headset! • Know which repeaters to use from which locations – In particular, travel to Southern part of county requires SANTA CLARA COUNTY ARES/RACES switching repeaters and bands NETS

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What is an Amateur Radio Net? Types of Nets Santa Clara County Primary Emergency Nets • Resource Net • An Amateur Radio Net exists whenever 3 or more • Open Net – Usually the first county net activated operators are in simultaneous contact with each – Stations call each other directly to pass traffic – Official traffic; type of traffic depends on level of operation other for the purpose of exchanging information or • Message Net rd – passing operational or official (3 Party) traffic. • Directed Net Usually the second county net activated – Official message traffic for served agencies – Stations call only net control directly; they go direct to • City and Tactical Nets other stations only with net control permission – Official and unofficial traffic of a local nature • Command Net – Official traffic between Operational Area (county) command staff, and agency or city Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs) command staff • Hospital Net – Official traffic between Dept. of Public Health and hospitals

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Frequency List Resource Net Message Net

• Usually the first net activated at the county level • Keep an up-to-date copy • Directed net • Usually the second net activated at the county level • Directed net – County frequency list • Three levels of operation – Level 1: Information gathering (initial damage reports) • Official message traffic for served agencies – Any additional frequency • Earthquake Modified Mercalli (“Mike-Mike”) reports; flood levels; power; etc. – Typically: cities to/from county; agencies to/from county list(s) for your city – Level 2: City EOC check-ins and referral to city tactical nets – 3rd Party messages (for others, usually non-hams) • City EOCs check-in and announce status; individuals referred to city nets • Program your radio • Official Message Forms (I.E., ICS 213-SCCo) – Level 3: Coordination of mutual aid; tracking county resources • All messages and responses numbered and tracked – Your city’s frequencies • Mobilization (resource check-ins, activations and assignments) – Operational messages (operator to operator) – County frequencies • Location/Travel tracking (you MUST be in contact while traveling) • Demobilization (resource release, tracking during return home) • “Los Altos EOC is checking in …, the creek is at 12’…” • at least the Resource Net • Frequencies (http://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html) • Frequencies (https://www.scc-ares-races.org) frequencies – Primary AA6BT 146.115 (+) 100.0 – Primary W6TI 147.360 (+) 110.9 – North W6ASH 145.270 (-) 100.0 440.800 (+) 100.0 – Alternate K6FB 145.450 (-) 100.0 – https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html South N6NAC 444.625 (+) 110.9 (South of 101 & 85; South San Jose)

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Tactical Nets Your To Do List (so far)

• Usually a directed net, but may start up as an open informal net • • Established when and where needed Become familiar with: https://www.scc-ares-races.org – Staging areas, checkpoints, rovers, shadows – At a minimum, review everything on the Operations page – Each city has one or more tactical frequencies; one is for main city net • County and City DSW registration • Each city activates their city net as soon as possible • Inform family of Workers’ Comp provisions – Handle local resource check-ins, notifications • Learn the nets and their usage – Check-in here first if you want to be released to the county • Localized, often informal messages • Obtain Frequency lists (county, city); program your radio – “checkpoint 3 reports Dead Man’s creek at 1 foot below flood level …” – “rover 2 reports all runners have now passed rest stop 4 …” The County Resource Net in Action • May also include 3rd party messages – Resource request from school or shelter to city ALERTING, MOBILIZATION, • Frequencies (https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html) – May also be assigned at time of activation TRACKING, DEMOBILIZATION

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Alerting vs Activation Alerting Types Alerting Methods for Non-Self Alerting Events

• Self alerting • AlertSCC – phone call, SMS text message, or e-mail with • Alerting – Earthquakes (you can feel them) instructions – You become aware of a situation where Amateur Radio support – Floods (you can see them) may be requested – Other situations where you know there’s a problem – Important to keep contact information updated – You can monitor your radio and check into a net • Non-self alerting – AlertSCC is updated from the SCCo ARES/RACES database – You are not authorized to do anything or go anywhere unless – Hazardous material spills • Voice telephone call from someone – the served agency has pre-authorized your role Local infrastructure failure • Someone knocking on your door (unlikely but possible) – Other situations where you don’t know a problem has occurred until • Activation someone alerts you • You happen to hear traffic on the Resource Net or your city – A government entity has requested Amateur Radio support • Some situations are both net – An activation number is provided to you along with a job – April 2009 partial county telecom outage – some were not affected, • Again, once you learn of an incident, next step is to Check-In assignment unaware; some were affected but only became aware when they were contacted or tried to use a telephone. – You accept the assignment • Either way, once you learn of an incident, next step is Check-In

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Example of Resource Net Level 1: Resource Net – Level 1 Earthquake Damage Reports • Purpose: initial damage reports during initial stages of an incident • Use the Modified Mercalli (“MIKE-MIKE”) scale • First, make sure everything is okay at home – Mike-Mike 1 – Not felt at all • Tune to a Resource Net repeater – Mike-Mike 2 – Felt by persons at rest, especially on upper floors BREAK – Primary AA6BT 146.115 (+) 100.0 (preferred, if you can reach it) – Mike-Mike 3 – Felt indoors, objects swing; like light truck passing – North W6ASH 145.270 (-) 100.0 440.800 (+) 100 – Mike-Mike 4 – Windows, dishes rattle; standing cars rock; walls creak – South N6NAC 444.625 (+) 110.9 (best for South of 101 & 85 in S. San Jose) – Mike-Mike 5 – Felt outdoors; liquids disturbed/spilled; pictures move; doors (also near East side hills) swing; small items displaced • Resource Net Level 1 operations – Mike-Mike 6 – Windows, dishes, glassware broken; books off shelf; pictures off – Net Control will be asking for damage reports, flood levels or other info walls; furniture, lamps moved/toppled – Respond with your call sign – Mike-Mike 7 – Difficult to stand; noticed by drivers of cars; waves on ponds; – When called, respond with city, report, and call sign; use a minimum of words furniture broken; chimneys, plaster falls – Example using Modified Mercalli scale for an earthquake: – Mike-Mike 8 – Steering of cars affected; damage to masonry; towers & “W6XRL4, Xanadu, Mike-Mike-4, W6XRL4” elevated tanks fall; branches broken; frame houses move • Monitor to determine if further escalation will occur • Typical response: call sign, city, mike-mike #, call sign • If you hear your city EOC activate, then proceed to Level 2 • Keep a wallet card handy https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Mike-Mike Report Summary Form - Example Resource Net – Level 1 – Example Who Will Be The Net Control??

• May 5, 2012 County Drill - Simulated Earthquake • It could be you!! • Objective: Practice Level 1 and Level 2 Resource Net • Come up on the Resource Net • • Individuals call in their simulated Mike-Mike reports Listen for active stations • If no net currently exists, announce that you are organizing a • Net control keeps tally by city net to collect damage information • The net started like this … • Inform that you have no ability to dispatch help • Take gross reports of damage until relieved – Earthquakes: use the Modified Mercalli (“MIKE-MIKE”) Scale (1-8) • Be prepared to pass summary information to a more experienced Net Control operator

https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Example Damage Survey Net City Specific Procedures Resource Net – Level 2 • Net Control – “This is . Is there a net on this frequency?” (none heard) • Some cities want the hams in their city to check in with • Purpose: Referral to city tactical nets – “This is , net control for the Santa Clara County Resource Net.” • – “I will now take reports of damage using the Mike-Mike scale.” the city net first. Listen on the Resource Net for your city EOC to activate – “I do NOT have the ability to dispatch resources.” – Example: “Resource Net Control, Los Altos EOC is now active and – “I will ask for call signs by severity. When I call you, please report using call sign, accepting check-ins on 146.595 simplex, this is ” city, mike-mike number, and call sign” • In that case the city will provide summary (roll-up) data • Switch to your city net frequency (typically a tactical freq.) – “I’ll take the first five call signs only” … “with Mike-Mike 7 or higher” to the county periodically. – Check-in to the city net [work your way down the Mike-Mike numbers until you have everyone] – If you’re joining later in the incident, check your city net first • Class – If your city doesn’t activate, check-in on county resource net; they may – When NC responds report in your damage report using the Mike-Mike scale • Know your city’s procedures. have alternative instructions for you – Use the last digit in your telephone number; use “8” instead of “0” or “9”. • – Example: City Net Control decides where you are needed • NCO: “W6XRL4” – City will request you monitor city frequency for possible assignment • You: “W6XRL4, Xanadu, Mike-Mike 4, W6XRL4” – City may release you to county; if so, return to county resource net call sign city mike-mike # call sign

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Resource Net – Level 2 – Example City/Agency-Level Tactical Nets Resource Net – Level 3 • Purpose: tracking mutual aid and county resources • May 5, 2012 County Drill – Simulated Earthquake • At this point, some or all cities will have activated • Important: You must first be released by your city’s Emergency • As Resource Net level 1 continues their city nets Coordinator (EC) / Chief Radio Officer (CRO), or their designee – Check with your city tactical net first – Net control is now taking reports of MM-5 and higher • City residents switch to their city nets and follow – If your city net is not up and you can’t locate your EC, then check- • Some cities have determined that the situation is instructions there in with county – they may have alternative instructions severe enough (simulated) to activate their city EOCs • If city resources are overwhelmed, city may contact • Check-in to County Resource Net Level 3 only if: • The net continues … the county for “mutual aid” – You have been released by your city • Unaffected or lightly affected cities may release some – You are available for county-wide assignment (family/home, training, 12-hr kit) of their operators to the county to provide mutual – You are ready to go (car is loaded, gassed up; you are ready to aid walk out the door)

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Preparation While Waiting Go Kit Assignment and Activation

• 2 Hour Carry Kit • Net Control may call you at some point and offer an assignment • Net Control may or may not make an immediate assignment – Keep nearby at all times – Applies to both city and county nets – It may take time for incident command to determine what resources – Resource Net Level 1 are needed and where they need to be deployed • Damage Reports • If you accept the assignment, you will be activated – – Be patient; pay attention; monitor closely; respond promptly – Resource Net Level 2 Do not accept any assignment if you don’t feel safe, aren’t trained, no equip. – Do not accept an assignment if you’re not ready to leave – If you are unable to monitor inform Net Control that you need to leave • City net Check-ins the net and provide an alternative contact method • You should only be on Resource Net Level 3 if you’re ready for an assignment • 12 Hour Go kit • If not immediately activated, use the time wisely to prepare – Fully independent • Before leaving home, notify Net Control that you are ready to roll – Double check your personal situation: home, family operations for 12 hrs – Report street location and last three digits of odometer – Double check your go-kit, including batteries, food, water, etc. – Return home to retrieve – Review proper emergency communications procedures & techniques • Extended Kit (optional) • You will be given travel and reporting information “Performance Standards & Best Practices” – 72 hour or longer – Write it down! Often includes important travel restrictions

https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Health and Welfare Checks Driving Distracted Driving Law • Disaster Service Worker (DSW) rules require you to be supervised at all times • Drive safely, do not speed, follow all applicable laws • California Vehicle Code 23123.5 prohibits use of “handheld wireless • Part of that supervision is regular health & welfare checks telephone or an electronic wireless communications device”, with some • Net control will usually initiate every 20-30 minutes • Do not drive off-road unless trained and authorized exceptions – Listen for H&W checks and respond promptly to do so – 23123.5(f): ”For the purposes of this section, “electronic wireless communications device” includes, but is not limited to, a broadband personal – If they don’t call you, speak up • Do not go anywhere that you feel is not safe communication device, a handheld device or laptop computer with mobile • Response if OK: data access, or a pager.” – When traveling: location, odometer, FCC call sign • Professionally and responsibly withdraw from • The law is vague and poorly worded. – On assignment: tactical call sign (if any) and your FCC call situations that become risky; advise net control – A mobile amateur radio is not a broadband communications device nor a sign and/or served agency promptly device with mobile data access, nor a pager. So that’s good. • If you’re not OK, say so – But “… is not limited to …” can mean anything! • • Don’t make Net Control ask you for the information Observe “distracted driving” laws – You know what’s needed; be prepared to provide it

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Distracted Driving Law (2) Distracted Driving Law – What To Do Arriving on Scene

• The CHP issued an enforcement memo, which clarifies that this does not • So what should you do? apply to a mounted 2-way radio with a wired microphone • Pick an appropriate and safe place to park – “For the purposes of Section 23123.5(f) CVC, a radio installed and mounted in • Definitely keep a copy of the law, the CHP memo, the press release from • STAY in your vehicle and do the following: a vehicle with a wired hand microphone (e.g., business band or citizen band the bill author in your glove box – Tell the Resource Net (or other local travel net) that you have arrived [CB]radio) is not considered a wireless communication device, nor is it – The average traffic enforcement officer may not have the latest info considered a specialized mobile radio device, and therefore is not subject to – All documents are posted on the “Operations” page, titled “Mobile – Resource Net control will inform you of local tactical net enforcement under this section.” Operation”, of our web site https://www.scc-ares-races.org/ – Acknowledge and check out of Resource Net • That’s clear • Note the repeated use of the word “mounted” in all three documents – Check in on the local tactical net • But the CHP is not the only agency that enforces traffic laws – In other words, holding an HT in your hand may get you into trouble – If you CANNOT make contact with local tactical Net Control, return to • The law was later modified but it still leaves room for interpretation • We’re not lawyers; use your own judgement the Resource Net and ask for further instructions • The bills author issued a press release stating the bills intent – If you don’t feel safe responding to net control while driving, then pull over – Do all this FROM YOUR VEHICLE using the more powerful mobile radio “…is not intended to be construed to limit the use of two-way wireless when and where safe before responding to net control. and/or antenna communications devices used by trained professionals or licensed – Do not stop on a freeway, pull off the freeway to a parking lot then contact – Do NOT leave your car and walk to the event unless instructed to do so Net Control individuals for brief, verbal communications…” • They may not want you there yet and this violates the County’s standards of operation.

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Interacting With Local Authorities Checking In at the Scene ICS-205 Communications Plan

• Approach in the field of vision of the officer • At the event, check in where instructed • You will be provided with an ICS-205 Communications Plan • Keep hands in plain sight – ICS-211A Check-In List – Before the event for most public service events • Greet the officer – At the event for non-planned events and drills • Identify yourself – Other forms and documents (ICS-205, briefing, safety, etc.) • Show identification • Follow the instructions of the local team • Lists all frequencies to be used during the event including • State who sent you – Be patient; you may be asked to wait until others arrive backups. • State where you are headed – Be courteous; you are there to help, not run the show • These should be programmed into your radio • State what you will do there – before the event for public service events • Request permission to pass • Remain in constant contact with the local tactical net • Thank the officer – If you need to go off the air, inform Net control – at Staging for non-planned events and drills • If you have difficulty, do not argue! – If we lose track of you, you have become part of the – Walk away (as appropriate) and contact net control to ask for instructions problem; we have to go find you!

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Conducting Yourself at the Scene Procedures & Techniques

• You are there to assist with communications – You are not there to manage the incident, nor to manage all comms • Contents • You must be courteous and respectful at all times – Professionalism & Training – Communications Technique – You are an ambassador for ALL amateur radio! – Safety – What you do and how you act reflects on ALL of us – Methods & Procedures – If you experience difficulty, contact your supervisor or net control – Equipment • Your job is to be a communicator – Documentation – Do NOT direct vehicle traffic, climb towers, move barricades, etc. • You are not trained for these; you will not be covered by DSW! • Keep a copy in your Go Kit – Do NOT take on tasks that will interfere with duties as a communicator • Review before/during each – Do NOT take on tasks or go places if you do not feel safe assignment – Do be the best, most effective communicator you can be

• At all times, remain in contact with net control https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Checking Out at the End of Assignment Demobilization Your To Do List (so far)

• Check IN on the Resource Net (or other travel tracking net) • Check out where you checked in • Inform Resource Net control that you are proceeding to home • Become familiar with: https://www.scc-ares-races.org – Turn in all documents and forms as instructed – Give current street location and last three digits of odometer – At a minimum, review everything on the Operations page • Do H&W every 15-20 minutes on the way home • County and City DSW registration – Sign out on ICS-211A Check-In List – Give street location (“Highway 101”) and last three digits of odometer • Inform family of Workers’ Comp provisions • Check OUT of the local event tactical net • Check-out when you arrive home – Give location (“arrived at home”) and mileage and state you are checking out • Learn the nets and their usage • You are responsible for maintaining contact with net control at all times • Obtain Frequency lists (county, city); program your radio • If you have somewhere else to go, you can check out early, before arriving • Prepare Go Kit, Review Performance Standards home – You will not be covered under DSW after checking out • Learn mobilization, tracking, demobilization procedures – For drills and public service events you can opt out of being tracked home • In that case do not check into the Resource Net (Unless you are taking part in an Credential evaluation)

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Three Primary Logging Forms

• Form 1

BREAK

• ICS 214 – Unit Activity Log

Tracking activities and message traffic FUNDAMENTALS OF LOGGING • ICS 309 – Communications Log

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Form 1 ICS 214 – Unit Activity Log ICS 214-SCCo Review of Video Training Any Questions From Video • Clear documentation is required • SCCo version: ICS 214-SCCo • A simple writing tablet works • A record of all major activities • Lots of uses – Assignment, departure, arrival, etc. – Writing down assignment • Start when you are assigned/activated – Writing down activation number • EVERYONE fills out a 214 – Copying directions – Individuals: a unit of one (normally) – Informal notes and messages – Teams: Team leader (seldom) – Scratch paper • Shadows only – Food and drink orders for the team – Log message traffic on the 214 – … when you run out of the right form – No need to use an ICS-309 Comm Log • Use multiple pages if necessary • Turn in to supervisor at end of shift • Turn in to supervisor at end of shift – (yes, even informal notes!) https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Fundamentals Class Example 214 Example 214 TRA-21-04T 1800 2130 Individual field communicator Individual field communicator Student-xxx ICS 309 – Communications Log • Our version: ICS 309-SCCo Complete the form for your attendance at class today using the following Your form should look • Used by everyone except Shadows fictional information: similar to this. • Columns help organize key message 1725 Departed Home OD 543 tracking info • Your Tactical ID was assigned at the start of class - Student XXX 1752 Arrived at parking lot for class OD 554 1800 Started class – • Activation # TRA-21-04T 1805 Assigned Tactical Call Sign of Student xxx Time 1908 Took a break 2014 Took a break – From • Fundamentals of EmComm Class is from 6 pm to 9:30 pm 2130 Completed Assignment • Departed Home 5:25 pm, mileage of 24543 – To • Arrived at class location at 5:52 pm, mileage of 24554 – Message subject • Started class at 6 pm • Assigned your Tactical Call at 6:05 pm • Does not replace ICS-214 • Took a break at 7:08 pm – ICS-214 is a Unit Activity Log • Took another break at 8:14 pm – EVERYONE fills out an ICS-309 • Completed class at 9:30 pm Communications Log (except Shadows) • Turn in to supervisor at end of shift Sign Here < date> 2135 1 1

https://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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ICS 309-SCCo Summary of Logging Responsibilities Your To Do List (so far) Field-by-field instructions on back: 1. Incident Name & Activation Nbr 2. Operational Period (date, time) • Everyone fills out an ICS-214 Unit Activity Log (ICS 214-SCCo) • Become familiar with: https://www.scc-ares-races.org 3. Radio Net or Position Name • Shadows only – At a minimum, review everything on the Operations page – NCOs: Radio Net Name – Individuals: Position/Tactical Call – Log message traffic on the ICS-214 Unit Activity Log • County and City DSW registration 4. Radio Operator (name, call sign) – The ICS-309 Communications Log is optional • Inform family of Workers’ Comp provisions 5. Communications Log • Other operators (Net Control, Field, etc.) • Learn the nets and their usage – Time (local 24:00 hour time) – Use an ICS-309 Communications Log for logging message traffic – From (Call Sign/ID & Msg #) • Obtain Frequency lists (county, city); program your radio – Does not replace the need to maintain a 214 Unit Activity Log – To (Call Sign/ID & Msg #) • Prepare Go Kit, Review Performance Standards – Message Summary • Start your ICS-214 as soon as you receive your assignment • Learn mobilization, tracking, demobilization procedures 6. Prepared by 6A. Signature • Must be legible! 7. Date & Time Prepared • Learn and use the ICS-214 Unit Activity Log 8. Page Numbers • Turn in your log(s) at the end of your shift More details in Net Control and Field Operations classes and on-

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What is a Message Net? Types of Message Nets

• A network of Amateur Radio Operators acting in an • County Message Net official capacity to pass traffic to or receive traffic – Between City/Agency and County from a served agency. – Between Operational Area (county) and Region

• Local Message (tactical) Net – Between Field Stations and City/Agency EOC (Emergency Operations Center) The Message Net in Action FUNDAMENTALS OF MESSAGE HANDLING

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ICS-213 Message Form Types of Messages Message Traffic Operator Skills Standard ITU Phonetics A - alfa (AL-fa) N - november (no-VEM-ber) • rd (for served agencies) A good radio operator … 3 Party Messages B - bravo (BRAH-voh) O - oscar (OSS-cah) • … is as concise as possible * – Typically between field site and city; between city C - charlie (CHAR-lee) P - papa (pah-PAH) * and county; between agency and county • … frequently identifies tactical call D - delta (DELL-tah) Q - quebec (keh-BECK) * – Use official ICS Forms where appropriate – Don’t forget FCC call sign at end of traffic E - echo (ECK-oh) R - romeo (ROW-me-oh) • ICS = Incident Command System • … clearly states the nature of the traffic F - foxtrot (FOKS-trot) S - sierra (see-AIR-rah) – Other messages - use dual-copy phone message G - golf (GOLF) T - tango (TANG-go) – “I have one priority message for you.” form, radiogram, or other acceptable form H - hotel (hoh-TELL) U - uniform (YOU-ni-form) • … passes or copies messages exactly as written I - india (IN-dee-ah) V - victor (VIK-tah) * • Operational messages (operator to operator) • … uses the appropriate message form J - juliet (JU-lee-ETT) W - whiskey (WISS-key) X - x-ray (ECKS-RAY) – Simple, tactical messages • … keeps an accurate log (ICS-309) K - kilo (KEY-loh) L - lima (LEE-mah) Y - yankee (YANG-key) – Ex: Check-in/out, health & welfare, damage reports, • … uses proper phonetics, numbers and pro-words M - mike (MIKE) Z - zulu (ZOO-loo) status reports, etc. • … passes messages five words at a time * non-standard voicing • All messages are always logged • If there is a chance of misunderstanding, spell it out with “I spell”: – and only as fast as you can write them yourself • “go to Kay Street”  “go to Kay, I spell kilo alfa yankee, Street”

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Pronouncing Numerals Message Handling Prowords ICS 213 Message Form

0 - zero (ZEE-row) 5 - five (Fife) * SAY AGAIN … Repeat – usually used with other prowords • Message Numbers 1 - one (Wun) 6 - six (Sicks) WORD AFTER “Say again word after …” • Header 2 - two (Too) 7 - seven (SEV-vin) WORD BEFORE “Say again word before …” • Address Info 3 - three (Tree) 8 - eight (Ate) BETWEEN “Say again between … and …” * • Message Body ALL AFTER “Say again all after …” 4 - four (FOH-wer) * 9 - nine (NINE-er) * * non-standard voicing ALL BEFORE “Say again all before …” • Action Taken • Multi-digit numbers are spoken as a string of single digits: I SPELL “I spell, Alfa, Bravo …” • Operator Use – 600 = “sicks zero zero” FIGURES “Figures Wun, ZEE-row, NINE-er” (= 109) • Field numbers are • Preceded by the word “figures” INITIALS “Initials Echo, Oscar, Charlie” (= “EOC”) only used to reference instructions on the – “Please copy 109”  “Please copy figures, one zero niner” MIXED GROUP “Mixed Group Foxtrot, Wun, Fife, back of the form – “Requesting 16 blankets”  “Requesting figures, one sicks, blankets” ZEE-row” (=“F150”) http://www.scc-ares-races.org/operations.html

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Message Form – Message Numbers Message Form – Message Numbers Message Form - Header

• Critically important for tracking messages • • Message # SENDER’S FORM Date, Time (when message was created) – YOUR message number (often pre-stamped to ensure uniqueness) – Use 24-hour clock, local time • When Receiving, Sender’s Message # XND-123 SH2-987 • Severity – If you are receiving a message, put the sender’s message number here • Handling Order • When Sending, Receiver’s Message # – Always prioritize according to handling order first – If you are sending a message, put the receiver’s message number here RECEIVER’S FORM • • You have two blocks filled in when finished Take Action, Reply, FYI – Often neglected by untrained; check to make sure sender XND-123 SH2-987 filled it in

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Message Form - Body Message Form - Address • Subject - Brief summary of message topic Message Form – Action Taken • Reference - Used for replying to a previous message • To, From • Message body • Typically for local use – not transmitted via radio – ICS Position (required) – 5 words at a time; punctuation is part of the word • NOT FOR REPLYS! • Planning, Logistics, Operations, Finance, Shelter Manager, … – Speak slow enough for the other person to copy • Originator may record action they took – Pretend you are writing when you send; helps pace your sending speed – Location (required) – Who they cc’d • Santa Clara County EOC, Los Altos EOC, Shelter 2, … – What else they did with the message – Name (optional) • Recipient may record action they took – Telephone (optional) – Who they cc’d – Responded via message # X

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Message Form – Operator Use Message Form – Date and Time use Recommended Transmission Process • For tracking how message was handled (received or sent) • Sender • How Received or Sent – Message #, Date, Time (wait for ACK) – For us, we will typically check Amateur Radio – Severity, Handling, Requests (wait for ACK) – But we are first and foremost communicators, so we may send by FAX – To, From (wait for ACK) or telephone or other means – Subject (wait for ACK) – Reference (if any) (wait for ACK) • Operator Call Sign, Name Date and time the originator filled out the message form – Message - 5 words at a time (wait for ACK) • Date, Time (when you sent/received the message) – “End of message” • • Date and time the message was actually sent or received Receiver Relay - covered in the Field Operations Class – ACK followed by their (receiver’s) message # – “This is ” – Fill in Operator Info • Sender – ACK Msg # / Fill in receiver’s message # – “This is ” – Fill in Operator Info

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Sending to More Than One Station Example Message How’d You Do? • Announce message – “All Stations, All Stations, Stand by to copy one routine ICS-213 • Everyone will need a 213 Message Form • Should look like  message” • Is it EXACTLY correct? • I will send a message to all stations using a pacing • Pick a pacing station • Complex spelling – “Mountain View, will you be my pacing station?” station • Heterographs – “Mountain View acknowledges” • The pacing station will acknowledge or ask for fills. – “to” vs. “too” vs. “two” / / – “for” vs. “four” vs “fore” • Send message as normal – The receiving station does not read back the message – “ate” vs. “eight” – Pacing station provides acknowledgements during message transfer • Everyone will copy the message • Did you add? • Ask for acknowledgements from other stations – Message numbers – “I will now poll all stations for acknowledgements. When I call you, • After the pacing station acknowledges, you can ask – How received respond with your message number or request a fill.” for fills – Amateur Radio – “Los Altos” …. – Be sure to use the proper Prowords! – Call sign – – Name Gives stations an opportunity to ask for “fills” or repeats • – Confirms which stations received the message We’ll compare at the end – Date – Time Copyright © 2021 Santa Clara County ARES/RACES All rights Reserved 94 Copyright © 2021 Santa Clara County ARES/RACES All rights Reserved 95 Copyright © 2021 Santa Clara County ARES/RACES All rights Reserved 96 94 95 96

Get it Right! Recommended ICS Training Recommended Training • Our task is to effectively transfer message traffic – Priority ONE is to get the message through accurately • You now have exposure to the basics of emergency • To be effective, you’ll need training and some experience in – Priority two is to do so as quickly and efficiently as possible communications in Santa Clara County; but there’s much more! each of the specific functional areas: field operations, net • We don’t alter the message; we send it as written • During an emergency activation and exercises the professionals control, packet, and shadow. • If we don’t get that right, there’s no point in us being there utilize the Incident Command System (ICS) • Santa Clara County ARES/RACES offers a number for free classes • Get it right – the first time, every time • Most served agencies that we work with require ICS training for • Some courses are multi-part; attend the parts in order • Training Opportunities volunteers. FEMA requires it for agency reimbursement. • Courses are usually held on Saturday mornings – 3 Hour Message Passing Class – Saturday July 24th • These introductory courses into ICS can be taken on-line at your • Drills and public service events occur throughout the year – Message Passing Practice Training Net – Monthly 3rd Tuesday 2030 own pace. On the Resource Net Repeaters – AA6BT, N6NAC, W6ASH • IS-100 • Sign up at: https://www.scc-ares-races.org/activities • Remember: • IS-200 https://training.fema.gov/is/crslist.aspx • Hope to see you there – “For want of a letter, a word was lost. } • IS-700 For want of a word, the message was lost. For want of a message, a life was lost.”

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Core Courses Training Progression / Prerequisites Field Operations Recommended Training Field Operations - Type III, Part A *3 Field Operations - Type III, Part B and Type II *3 - Offered 3 times per year Net Control *2 - Offered 2 times per year Net Control - Type III, Part A *3 • To be effective, you’ll need training and some experience in Basic Net Control - Type III, Part B All other classes are offered each of the specific functional areas: field operations, net Net Control - Type II Advanced *2 1 time each year control, packet, and shadow. Packet Operations Specialized Packet Operations - Type III, Part A *2 • Santa Clara County ARES/RACES offers a number for free classes Packet Operations - Type III, Part B Has some basic elements but Packet Operations - Type II * also some more advanced • Some courses are multi-part; attend the parts in order Shadow Communicator concepts *2 • Shadowing - Type III Courses are usually held on Saturday mornings Other Core Courses • Drills and public service events occur throughout the year Message Passing Cross-band Repeating • Sign up at: https://www.scc-ares-races.org/activities Antenna Fundamentals* and Safety Event Planning – Type I * • Hope to see you there WiFi/Mesh Networking Workshop Year End Review Offered in December each year to review the significant changes made to any class or procedures during the year. Does not replace the need to attend other courses. https://www.scc-ares-races.org/activities

Credentials: Credential Types Earning a Credential • Incident Command System (ICS) resource “Types” identify capability • Type I (Specialist) - Capable of the most critical and complicated • Training – Applies to equipment (fire apparatus, aircraft, bulldozers, …) assignments. Capable of planning, designing, deploying and – SCCo ARES/RACES courses: technical and role-specific – Applies to personnel roles (incident commander, section chief, …) operating complex multi-radio, multi-antenna equipment – ICS/SEMS/NIMS/ courses • SCCo ARES/RACES credentials: four resource types across five roles configurations for larger events or incidents. • Experience – Type IV requires sign-off by city EC/Chief Radio Officer – Participation in nets, drills/exercises, incidents, public service – Types III, II, I require operational evaluation by peer evaluator • Type II (Advanced) - Capable of more difficult assignments, • Knowledge – Each resource type includes operator skills and equipment appropriate for higher message traffic assignments, requiring more equipment the role and more complicated configurations, operations and – Able to explain key concepts (general and role-specific) troubleshooting. • Equipment Type Skill Level Field Net Control Shadow Packet HF* – Standard 12-hour go kit, plus more as appropriate • Type III (Independent) - Capable of fully independent I Specialist Field I Net Control I Shadow I Packet I HF I • Performance II Advanced Field II Net Control II Shadow II Packet II HF II operation, without coaching or assistance, in the qualified skill – Peer-reviewed, based on Performance Standards III Independent Field III Net Control III Shadow III Packet III HF III area (Field Ops, Net Control, Packet, & Shadowing). – Conducted at regular events (no special circumstances IV Basic Communicator IV • Type IV Communicator (Basic) – Understands the basics, can be needed) V Unknown FCC Licensed Amateur Radio Operator (w/DSW) assigned to simple assignments. *HF not yet defined https://www.scc-ares-races.org/credentials/

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Mutual Aid Communicator (MAC) “My Credentials” (Personal achievement record) Credential Timelines Endorsement

• Progress at your own pace • An amateur radio operator that meets minimum requirements You must be logged into the and is willing to help outside own city/agency when needed Training and Events database to see your credential records. • Most people will be able to achieve the following – Only called upon when not needed within own city/agency • Must have at least a Type IV Credential: – First year: Type IV – Administrative: age, amateur radio license, transportation, … – Second year: At least one Type III – Training: ICS, “Intro to EmComm”, “Fundamentals of – Third year: Another Type III and/or Type II EmComm”, … – Fourth year: Another Type III and/or Type II and/or Type I – Experience: nets, drills, public service events – Equipment: standard SCCo ARES/RACES go kit • In fact, many active amateur radio operators will be – Skill: demonstrated capability, commitment to excellence – Requires County DSW registration and a background check. able to do this much faster if they desire. • Encouraged to earn role-specific credentials (Type III, II, I)

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Your To Do List (so far) Join SCCo Discussion Groups Join SCCo Discussion Groups Some of the Subgroups: • Become familiar with: https://www.scc-ares-races.org To Join: • County and City DSW registration • Visit the Announce group web page: Announcements and discussion related to the Santa Clara County • Inform family of Workers’ Comp provisions https://scc-ares-races.groups.io/g/announce Credential ARES/RACES Credentialing Program. • • Follow the instructions listed under "To Join This Group“ Learn the nets and their usage Discussion of and mutual user support for equipment used for • Obtain Frequency lists (county, city); program your radio Equipment Santa Clara County ARES/RACES activities. • Prepare Go Kit, Review Performance Standards Purpose: • Learn mobilization, tracking, demobilization procedures The main group is only used for announcements that are Announcements and discussion related to the Santa Clara County • Learn and use the ICS-214 Unit Activity Log relevant to all SCCo ARES/RACES members. The actual group MAC ARES/RACES Mutual Aid Communicator (MAC) Endorsement. • Learn Phonetics and Prowords discussions take place in various sub-groups listed in the sub- Discussion of any SCCo ARES/RACES training topic, including • Practice using the ICS 213 Message form groups menu. exercises and on-air practice. This group is moderated to help Training • Continued training, drills, public service events ensure that answers are correct. Questions posed will normally be • Work on earning your Type IV Credential All Santa Clara County ARES/RACES members are encouraged to answered by the instructor for that subject area. join at least the main/Announce group to stay informed of major • Consider earning more Credentials and the MAC endorsement For a complete list see: activities and events. https://www.scc-ares-races.org/discuss-groups.html

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Final Assignment Online Class Evaluation Summary PLEASE COMPLETE THE CLASS EVALUATION LOG INTO HTTPS://WWW.SCC-ARES- • You should now be able to RACES.ORG/ACTIVITIES/EVENTS.PHP WITHIN ONE WEEK. CLICK “SUBMIT CLASS EVALUATION” IN EVENTS – Describe the Disaster Service Worker program, including your responsibilities as a participant – Describe the purpose and appropriate usage of the main TO GET COURSE CREDIT YOU NEED TO: Santa Clara County ARES/RACES nets A) ATTEND AT LEAST 90% OF THE CLASS – Properly submit a Mike-Mike report B) PARTICIPATE IN CLASS – Describe and execute the proper procedures for B) COMPLETE THE CLASS EVALUATION mobilization, tracking, and demobilization, including the use of the Resource Net – Utilize an ICS-205 to program your radio IF YOU DO THESE, YOU WILL GET CREDIT FOR – Properly complete an ICS 214 Unit Activity Log form THE COURSE. – Properly complete an ICS 213 Message Form

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Thank You!

If you have questions or feedback about this or other training activities, you can join our Training discussion group. https://scc-ares-races.groups.io/g/training This is a moderated group.