Ciated with Jacquin’S Concept of ‘Fruticosum’, Although Echiumechium Fruticosum L.L

Bothalia 40,1 (2010) 91 handhand on the specimen, we are of the opinion that there is LobostemonLobostemon fruticosusfruticosus (L.)(L.) H.Buek, inin LinnaLinnaeaea nnoo concrete evidence that this specimen is directly asso- 11: 134 ((1837).1837). ciated with Jacquin’s concept of ‘fruticosum’, although EchiumEchium fruticosum L.L. varvar. (β) minorr Sims : t. 1772 (1816). Lecto., itit is apparent from the extensive description, that Jac- hhereere designated: [icon in] Ker Gawler, The bbotanicalotanical register: t. 39 quin did have a specimen at hand. We therefore view ((1815).1815). Jacquin’sJacquin’s illustration as a lectotype, thus placing E.E. frufru-- ticosum var.var. majormajor in synonymy with what is currently kknownnown asas Lobostemon argenteus (P.J.Bergius) H.Buek ACACKNOWLEDGEMENTSKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Buys 2000)2000).. WeWe thank the curators of the herbaria at the Natural Lehmann (1818) independently also recognizes a History Museum, Vienna (W) and The Natural History vvarietyariety (ß) major, identifying it with Thunberg’s con- Museum, London (BM) for allowing access to the men- cceptept ooff EchiumEchium fruticosum L. (Thunberg 1794). The tionedtioned specimens. Thanks in particular to Anton Iger- ssheetheet in the Thunberg herbarium marked E. fruticosumfruticosum sheimsheim ((W)W) and John Hunnex ((BM)BM) for assistance. OurOur by Thunberg (UPS-THUNB4098UPS-THUNB4098) consists of two differ- appreciation also to Dick Brummitt for commenting on ent specimens. To the right is mounted what is currently an eearlierarlier ddraft.raft. kknownnown asas Lobostemon fruticosus, to the left, a specimen ccorrespondingorresponding to Lehmann’s var. major. Typifi cation of tthishis illegitimate later homonym, by a specimen in MEL REFERENCESREFERENCES places it in synonymy with L.L. montanus H.Buek (Buys BUEK,BUEK, H. 1837. Echia Capensia. LinnaeaLinnaea 11: 129–149.129–149. & Nordenstam 20092009).). BUYS,BUYS, M.H. 2000. LLobostemonobostemon. In P. Goldblatt & J.C. Manning, Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape fl ora of South Africa. StrelitziaStrelitzia LobostemonLobostemon argenteusargenteus (P.J.Bergius) H.BuekH.Buek, in 99:: 375–377. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town and Mis- Linnaea 11: 133 ((1837).1837). ssouriouri Botanical Garden,Garden, St. LouisLouis.. BBUYS,UYS, M.H. & NORDENSTAM, B. 2007. Lectotypifi cation of the EchiumEchium fruticosum LL.. vvarar. (α) majorr Sims: no. 1772 (1816). Lecto., basionym, EEchiumchium glaucophyllum. BothaliaBothalia 37: 25,25, 2626.. hhereere designated: [icon in] Jacquin, PPlantarumlantarum rrariorumariorum hortihorti caesareicaesarei BUYS,BUYS, M.H. & NORDENSTAM, B. 2009. Nomenclature and typifi - SSchoenbrunnensischoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icons, plate 34 (1797) non Echium cationcation of JJ.G.C..G.C. Lehmann and H. Buek names in LobostemonLobostemon ffruticosumruticosum L.L. vvar.ar. majorr Lehm. in Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum (Boraginaceae).(Boraginaceae). TaxonTaxon 58: 627–637627–637.. nnuciferaeuciferae: 421 ((1818).1818). D’ARCY, W.G. 1970. Jacquin names, some notes on their typifi cation.cation. Taxon 19: 554–560.554–560. EchiumEchium fruticosum varvar. minorminor GARSIDE, S. 1942. Baron Jacquin and the Schönbrunn gardens.gardens. JJour-our- nalnal of South African BotanyBotany 8:8: 201–224201–224.. Sims (1816)(1816) cites Ker Gawler’s TheThe botanicalbotanical regis-regis- GUNN,GUNN, M. & CODD,CODD, L.E. 1981.1981. Botanical exploration of southern Africa. Balkema, Cape Town.Town. terter: t. 39 ((1815)1815) undeunderr EchiumEchium fruticosum L.L. vvar.ar. minorminor. JACQUIN,JACQUIN, N.J. VON. 1797.1797. Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei SSch-ch- The reference to t. 39 is an error for it represents Ipo-Ipo- oenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones, vol. 1. Wappler, Vienna.Vienna. moea L. and it is t. 36 instead that depicts a LobostemonLobostemon. KER GAWLER,GAWLER, J.B. 1815. EchiumEchium fruticosum. In S.T. Edwards,Edwards, The Sims (1816) also alludes to being aware of a collection botanicalbotanical register, vol. 1: t. 36. Ridgeway, London.London. LEHMANN,LEHMANN, J.G.C. 1818. Echium. Plantae e familia Asperifoliarum inin the Banksian Herbarium made from a plant cultivated nuciferae.nuciferae. Pars I & II.: 398–475. DümmlerDümmler,, BerlinBerlin.. by Philip Miller in 1759 in the Chelsea garden. In BM LINNAEUS,LINNAEUS, C. 1753.1753. Species plantarum. Salvius,Salvius, StockholmStockholm.. therethere is a sheet with ‘Hort CChels’hels’ in an unidentifi ed hand NEILREICH,NEILREICH, A. 1855. Geschichte der Botanik in Nieder-OesterreichNieder-Oesterreich.. onon the reverse. The sheet has an undated watermark ‘‘GR’GR’ Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in Wien 5:5: includedincluded in it, a reference to George Rex (Kin(Kingg George). 23–76.23–76. SIMS,SIMS, J. 1816. EEchiumchium fruticosum ((ß.)ß.) minominorr. Lesser shrubby Viper’s- This is likely a reference to George III who was on the BBugloss.ugloss. Curtis’s Botanical MagazinMagazinee: t. 1772. Sherwood, Neely thronethrone from 1760–1820. The paper was presumably pro- & JonesJones,, LondonLondon.. duced during that period which puts the specimen in the THUNBERGTHUNBERG,, C.P. 1794.1794. Prodromus plantarum capensium. EdmanEdman,, rightright time frame, but the specimen is not considered to UUppsala.ppsala. be original material due to the absence of unswerving M.H. BBUYS*UYS* and B. NORDENSTAM**NORDENSTAM** evidence that it is directly associated with Sims’ concept of E.E. fruticosum vvar.ar. minorminor. In the light of Sims’ origi- * Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, nalnal material consisting of a specimen and the illustration, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont and Department of we vviewiew The botanical registerr plate as lectotype. This BBotanyotany & Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosch. Email: [email protected]@sanbi.org.za.. typitypifi cation places EE.. fruticosum vvar.ar. minorr in synonymy ** Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural with what is currently known as Lobostemon fruticosus History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, SwedenSweden.. (Buys 2000)2000).. MMS.S. received: 2009-09-04.2009-09-04.

ASPHODELACEAE: ALOOIDEAE

REINSTATEMENT OF ALOE SPECTABILIS

Aloe spectabilis Reynolds (1937) was described from predominantly southern and eastern Cape species (see material that was collected from KwaZulu-Natal, the Van Wyk & Smith 2003: 56 for a distribution map of A. eastern-most province of South Africa. Previously, mate- ferox). Aloe spectabilis, in contrast, has its present-day rial of this species was erroneously considered to repre- centre of distribution around Bushman’s River Valley sent a form of A. ferox Mill. (Berger 1908: 310, 311), a near Weenen, along the Mooi River near Muden and 92 Bothalia 40,1 (2010) between 10 and 14, erect to slightly spreading, rather truncate racemes. Furthermore, it differs from A. mar- IV lothii in having almost erect racemes that are shorter and broader, with ﬂ owers more evenly distributed around PH the axis. The apices of the inner perianth segments are a

PP dull to deep glossy black and the exserted portion of the ﬁ laments is orange in A. spectabilis, whereas both are PR a light to deep purple in A. marlothii (Reynolds 1937, 1950; Jeppe 1969; Bornman & Hardy 1972) (Table 4). PT

5 Given superﬁ cial similarities between Aloe spectabi- PV 5 555 lis and A. marlothii, some previous authors considered 55 QH the two species to be conspeciﬁ c (Glen & Hardy 2000; Van Wyk & Smith 2003). Others have more recently QP suggested that A. spectabilis represents a good species

H PHH RHH km (Smith & Van Wyk 2008), and warrants reinstatement. QR This is done here. IP IR IT IV PH PP PR PT PV QH QP Aloe spectabilis Reynolds in Journal of South Afri- FIGURE 31.––Distribution of Aloe spectabilis, based on specimens at can Botany 3: 129 (1937). Type: South Africa, [Kwa- PRE. Zulu-Natal], 2830 (Dundee): Tugela [Thukela] Valley, between Greytown and Helpmekaar, (–CB), Reynolds 2033 (PRE!, holo.; BOL, iso.). A. ferox auct., sensu A.Berger, non Mill.: 310 (1908).

PH 6

PP 5 5 5 PR 5 55 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 55 5 5555 PT 5 55 55 6 666 6666 55 PV 5666 5 5 66 QH

QR H QHH THH km

IP IR IT IVPH PP PR PT PV QH QP QR

FIGURE 32.––Distribution of Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii, ; and A. marlothii subsp. orientalis, , adapted from Glen & Hardy (2000).

Keats Drift, and in the Tugela [Thukela] River Valley between Mpofana and Pomeroy on the Greytown–Dun- dee Road in KwaZulu-Natal (Figure 31). Further north in Zululand this species seems to grade into Aloe marlothii A.Berger, which is its closest relative. However, A. marlothii is typically an element of southern Africa’s northcentral and northeastern savannas, with subsp. marlothii widely distributed in KwaZulu-Natal, western Swaziland, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng, North-West and the eastern border of Botswana, while A. marlothii subsp. orientalis Glen & D.S.Hardy has a more easterly distribution in northern KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland and into Mozambique (Glen & Hardy 2000) (Figure 32). Overall, plants of Aloe marlothii tend to be more robust than A. spectabilis in general appearance. Aloe spectabilis is a single-stemmed, tree-like aloe up to 5 m high (Figure 33). It is distinguished by its tall, unbranched stem and much-branched inﬂ orescences FIGURE 33.––Aloe spectabilis in the Tugela [Thukela] River Valley. with very dark brown to almost black peduncles and Photograph: G.F. Smith. Bothalia 40,1 (2010) 93

TABLE 4.—Differences between Aloe spectabilis and A. marlothii

Character A. spectabilis A. marlothii Raceme orientation suberect oblique to horizontal dimensions ± 250  90–100 mm 300–500  50–60 mm number 10 to 14 20 to 30 Peduncle colour dark brown to almost black green to reddish brown Flower disposition evenly distributed around axis secund Apex of inner perianth segments dull to deep glossy black light to deep purple Exerted portion of ﬁ laments orange light to deep purple

A. ferox auct., sensu A.Berger, non Mill. var. xanthostachys REFERENCES A.Berger: 310 (1908). Type: South Africa, [KwaZulu-Natal], Lady- smith, Marloth 4157 (B). BERGER, A. 1908. Liliaceae–Asphodeloideae–Aloineae. In A. Engler & K. Prantl, Das Pﬂ anzenreich IV, 38, III, II (Heft 33): 1–347. Specimens examined Engelmann, Leipzig. BORNMAN, H. & HARDY, D.S. 1972. Aloes of the South African veld. KWAZULU-NATAL.––2729 (Volksrust): valley at Igogo, ± 32 Voortrekkerspers, Johannesburg. km from Newcastle, (–DB), 1970-07-22, Floquet PRE38541 (PRE). GLEN, H.F. & HARDY, D.S. 2000. Aloaceae (First part): Aloe. In G. 2829 (Harrismith): Weenen Dist., Blaauwkrantz Valley near Weenen, Germishuizen, Flora of southern Africa, vol. 5, part 1, fascicle 1: (–DD), 1944-08-11, Acocks 10526 (PRE). 2830 (Dundee): Meduna, 1–159. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. (–AC), 1915-07-16, Keeling 110 (PRE); Dundee Dist., Biggarsberg, JEPPE, B. 1969. South African aloes. Purnell, Cape Town. near Waschbank, (–AC), 1935-06-02, Reynolds 1394 (PRE); Weenen REYNOLDS, G.W. 1937. Notes on Aloe ferox Mill. and A. supralaevis Dist., in Muden Valley, ± 18 miles [± 11.2 km] NW of Greytown, Haw., with a new name for a Natal aloe. Journal of South African Mooi River Valley, (–CD), 1936-07-28, Reynolds 2031 (PRE); Krans- Botany 3: 123–132. kop Dist., Inadi River Valley leading into Tugela River Valley, (–DA), REYNOLDS, G.W. 1950. The aloes of South Africa. The Aloes Book 1943-05-12, Dyer 4383 (PRE); Estcourt Dist., near Keat’s Drift in the Fund, Johannesburg. Mooi River Valley, (–DC), 1936-07-28, Reynolds 2034 (PRE). 2930 SMITH, G. F. & VAN WYK, A.E. (Braam). 2008. Aloes in southern (Pietermaritzburg): Lion’s River Dist., Zwartkop Location, (–CB), Africa. Struik, Cape Town. 1964-09-30, Moll 1125 (PRE); Ndwedwe Dist., 3 miles [± 1.9 km] W VAN WYK, B-E. & SMITH, G.[F.] 2003. Guide to the aloes of South of Ndwedwe, (–DB), 1966-07-13, Moll 3287A (PRE). Africa, edn 2. Briza Publications, Pretoria.

R.R. KLOPPER* and G.F. SMITH*+ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank Ms Hester Steyn, * Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections Division, National Herbarium, South African National Biodiver- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. sity Institute, Pretoria, for producing the distribution + Acocks Chair, H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of map; and an anonymous referee for suggesting improve- Botany, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria. ments to the manuscript. MS. received: 2009-08-27.

ASASPHODELACEAE:PHODELACEAE: ALOOIDEAEALOOIDEAE

ALOE NEILCROUCHIII, A NEW ROBUST LEPTALOE FROM KWAZULU-NATAL, SOUTH AFRICA

To facilitate the identifi cation of species of AAloeloe LL.. est namename,, A. secsect.t. LeptoaloLeptoaloee (Glen & Hardy 2000) to (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae), formal infrageneric group- iincludenclude all the grass-like aloes, keeping them separate iings,ngs, mostly based on growth form, have been proposed cconsiderablyonsiderably assists with conceptualizing the gross mor- for the genus (Berger 1908; Reynolds 1950). Two of phology of their constituent species. Only a few of the tthese,hese, AAloeloe sect.sect. GGraminialoeraminialoe Reynolds and A. sect.sect. LepLep-- sspeciespecies of AAloeloe described from Africa after 2000 belong toaloe A.Berger, include the grass-like aloes (Van Wyk ttoo the graminoid and leptoaloid groups [see for example & Smith 2004; Craib 2005). The former consists of spe- Smith ((2003)2003) on AA.. ccraibiiraibii GGideonideon F.Sm.F.Sm. and VanVan Jaars-Jaars- cciesies that are truly very small in stature with their leaves vveldeld & Van Wyk (2006) on AA.. chalissii VVanan JJaarsv.aarsv. & ccloselylosely resembling blades of grass, whereas the lattelatterr AA.E.van.E.van Wyk]; their comparatively small stature make iincludesncludes plants that are considerably more robust, with tthemhem diffi cult to locate in their often grassy habitats leleavesaves that araree mmuchuch bbroaderroader anandd fl attatter.er. (Smith 2005). Grass aloes and leptoaloes are absent from tthehe Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula,, the Mascarene Islands off the east The appropriate Afrikaans common names, slankk- ccoastoast of Africa, and MadagascarMadagascar.. or sskraalaalwynekraalaalwyne (English: slender aloes) are widely applied to leptoaloe species, as opposed to grasaalwyngrasaalwynee The species described here, AAloeloe neilcneilcrouchiirouchii KloppeKlopperr (English: grass aloes) which is reserved for the true grass & Gideon F.Sm., belongs to A. secsect.t. LeptoaloLeptoaloee and rep- aloes (Laubscher 1973). Although it has been proposed rresentsesents the largest and most robust species known in this tthathat these two groups should be combined under the old- ggroup.roup.

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