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Enhancing Transportation Corridors to Support Southern Ontario Innovation Ecosystems

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Enhancing Transportation Corridors to Support Southern Ontario Innovation Ecosystems Enhancing Transportation Corridors to Support Southern Ontario Innovation Ecosystems May 10, 2016 Enhancing Transportation Corridors To Support Southern Ontario Innovation Ecosystems Mark Ferguson Carly Harrison Joelle Pang Chris Higgins Pavlos Kanaroglou McMaster Institute for Transportation and Logistics McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario May 10, 2016 mitl.mcmaster.ca Enhancing Innovation Corridors in Southern Ontario Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 8 1.1 Rationale and Objectives ..........................................................................................................8 1.2 An Overview of Innovation Clusters ..........................................................................................9 1.3 Innovation Clusters and Transportation ................................................................................... 11 1.4 Transportation Improvements and Economic Development Impacts ........................................ 11 1.5 The Importance of Transportation Corridors ............................................................................ 12 1.6 Commuting Behaviour and “Super-Commuting” ...................................................................... 13 1.7 Comparisons of Freight and Rail between North America and Europe ...................................... 15 1.8 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 17 2.0 OVERVIEW AND METRICS FOR METROPOLITAN AND CORRIDOR CASES .......................... 18 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 18 2.2 Transportation-Oriented Metrics ............................................................................................ 24 2.2.1 Commuting Modal Splits ............................................................................................................ 25 2.2.2 Corridor Travel Characteristics .................................................................................................. 28 2.2.3 Commuting Time and Distance .................................................................................................. 31 2.2.4 Measures of Active Travel .......................................................................................................... 33 2.2.5 Measures of Metropolitan Traffic Congestion ........................................................................... 35 2.2.6 Metropolitan Transit Diversity ................................................................................................... 37 3.0 STREAMLINING INTER-METROPOLITAN TRAVEL CORRIDORS .......................................... 40 3.1 Highway Tolls and HOT Lanes .................................................................................................. 40 3.2 Car Pooling and Ride Sharing ................................................................................................... 47 3.3 Bus Solutions .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 Private Shuttles .......................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.2 Inter-City Bus .............................................................................................................................. 49 3.3.3 Bus Rapid Transit in Managed Lanes ......................................................................................... 51 3.4 Rail Solutions .......................................................................................................................... 52 3.4.1 Inter-City .................................................................................................................................... 52 3.4.2 Commuter-Oriented Rail ............................................................................................................ 55 3.5 Managed Expressways ............................................................................................................ 58 3.6 Heavy Trucks and Innovation Corridors ................................................................................... 62 4.0 AN OVERVIEW OF METROPOLITAN AND CORRIDOR CASES ............................................. 64 4.1 Silicon Valley – San Francisco .................................................................................................. 64 4.2 Cambridge-London ................................................................................................................. 70 4.3 New York ................................................................................................................................ 74 4.4 Austin..................................................................................................................................... 78 4.5 Ann Arbor – Detroit ................................................................................................................ 82 4.6 Denver-Boulder ...................................................................................................................... 86 4.7 Boston .................................................................................................................................... 90 5.0 CHARACTERIZING TORONTO-WATERLOO-HAMILTON INTER-CITY TRAVEL CORRIDORS ... 94 5.1 Recent Transportation and Land Use Planning Documents ....................................................... 94 5.2 Transportation Innovation Metrics for Local Metropolitan Ecosystems .................................... 96 5.3 Important Geographic Elements Affecting Transportation Corridors in the Region .................... 99 McMaster Institute for Transportation and Logistics Page i Enhancing Innovation Corridors in Southern Ontario 5.3.1 Major Employment Clusters and the Built-up Area ................................................................... 99 5.3.2 Travel Patterns from the 2011 Transportation Tomorrow Survey .......................................... 103 5.3.3 Regional Trip Table and Supporting Map................................................................................. 105 5.4 Highway Corridors in the Region ........................................................................................... 108 5.4.1 Hwy 401 ................................................................................................................................... 121 5.4.2 Toronto-focused Expressways ................................................................................................. 123 5.4.3 Region of Waterloo/Hamilton-Oriented Highways and Expressways ..................................... 124 5.5 A Review by Mode ................................................................................................................ 126 5.5.1 Passenger Vehicle .................................................................................................................... 126 5.5.2 Commuter Rail ......................................................................................................................... 127 5.5.3 Inter-City Rail ........................................................................................................................... 130 5.5.4 Bus ............................................................................................................................................ 131 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 134 7.0 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 140 7.1 Other Heat Maps .................................................................................................................. 140 7.2 Transit/Rail Selected Summaries by Metro ............................................................................ 143 8.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 149 Tables Table 2-1: Important U.S. Metropolitan Data Sources .............................................................................. 19 Table 2-2: Important Variables to Compare Metropolitan Ecosystems ..................................................... 20 Table 2-3: Overview Table for U.S. Top 50 Innovation Ecosystems ........................................................... 22 Table 2-4: Corridors Associated with Small, Innovative U.S. Metros ........................................................ 24 Table 2-5: Relative Importance of Carpooling versus Transit for U.S./Canada Metros ............................. 27 Table 2-6: Representative Traffic Volumes between Ecosystem Clusters in the U.S. ............................... 30 Table 2-7: Daily Trips by Public Transit Mode for Top U.S. Innovation Metros .......................................... 38 Table 3-1: Important Tolling Facts from the United States ....................................................................... 41 Table 3-2: Prominent U.S. HOV/HOT Lane Implementations ..................................................................... 44 Table 3-3:
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