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Playing with Batavians. Games As an Educational Tool for a Romano More Vivere Alessandro Pace

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Playing with Batavians. Games as an educational tool for a Romano more vivere Alessandro Pace To cite this version: Alessandro Pace. Playing with Batavians. Games as an educational tool for a Romano more vi- vere. Archimède : archéologie et histoire ancienne, UMR7044 - Archimède, 2020, pp.317-326. halshs- 02893949 HAL Id: halshs-02893949 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02893949 Submitted on 8 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARCHIMÈDE N°7 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2020 1 DOSSIER THÉMATIQUE GESTES RITUELS. DE LA TRACE À L’INTERPRÉTATION 114 ACTUALITÉ DE LA RECHERCHE GÉOSCIENCES ET ARCHÉOLOGIE : INTERACTIONS, COMPLÉMENTARITÉS ET PERSPECTIVES VARIA 294 Nicolas DELFERRIÈRE, Marie-Anaïs JANIN Querelle épigraphique entre deux savants : l’exemple de la correspondance, publiée dans la Revue archéologique de 1847, entre Antoine-Jean Letronne et Jules Chevrier à propos de deux inscriptions de Bourbon-Lancy (71) 304 Julián GALLEGO Entre le courage et la peur : politisation et dépolitisation du peuple athénien u 317 Alessandro PACE Playing with Batavians. Games as an educational tool for a Romano more vivere 327 Véronique PITCHON Luxe (taraf) et raffinementẓ ( arf) à la table abbasside REVUE RCHIMEDE, ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE PLAYING WITH BATAVIANS. GAMES AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL FOR A ROMANO MORE VIVERE Alessandro Pace Assistant-docteur, Département d’histoire de l’art et d’archéologie Université de Fribourg ERC Locus Ludi. The Cultural Fabric of Play and Games in Classical Antiquity [email protected] ABSTRACT Les recherches récentes ont montré que les jeux sont des outils puissants, aujourd’hui comme hier, de création de nouveaux espaces sociaux qui associent différents groupes ethniques et culturels. Recent research has underlined how games can Il est ainsi intéressant de se focaliser sur les jeux afin serve as powerful tools for the creation of new de proposer un nouvel éclairage sur les dynamiques social spaces, bridging different ethnic and cultural qui ont mis en contact le monde romain avec les groups, both in the present and in the past. The divers groupes ethniques progressivement absorbés scope of this paper is to explore whether games can dans l’orbite de Rome à la suite de son expansion offer new insights into that process of cultural co- politique et militaire. Le but de cet article est de optation that brought in contact the Roman world comprendre si le jeu peut offrir de nouvelles pistes and the various ethnic groups that were progres- interprétatives afin de mieux saisir le processus de sively absorbed into Rome’s orbit following its polit- cooptation culturelle. ical and military expansion. Dans plusieurs sites britanniques, occupés par les In Roman Britannia, the presence of typically auxilia, la présence d’objets ludiques typiquement Roman game devices at sites that were occupied romains contribue à la compréhension de certains by the auxilia is key to under- aspects du processus de stand certain aspects of the romanisation. Ces témoignages process of Romanisation. These amènent un nouveau regard testimonies reveal how, during sur la manière par laquelle ces Keywords their years of military service, soldats non-romains ont eu la Mots-clés Ludus, non-Roman soldiers had the possibilité, pendant leur service Ludus, game, jeux, dice, opportunity to come into contact militaire, d’entrer en contact avec dés, boardgames, with customs and habits of the les usages et les coutumes du jeux de plateau, Britannia, romano more vivere. Among romano more vivere. Parmi ces Britannia, Romanisation, romanisation, Vindolanda, such practices, an important pratiques, une place centrale est Vindolanda, Batavi. role was played by game. occupée par le jeu. Batavi Article accepté après évaluation par deux experts selon le principe du double anonymat 317 ARCHIMÈDE ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE N°7 2020 - p. 317 à 326 - Varia Recent researches have underlined how games GAMES OF THE AUXILIA served as powerful tools in the creation of new social spaces, bridging different ethnic and cultural Auxilia were extraordinary instruments in both a groups, both in the present and in the past [1]. military and cultural viewpoint. On the one hand, they The study of the material data for games can shed represented a fundamental addition to the legions on new light on the dynamics that played out at the the battlefield and during military campaigns [6]. On points of contact between the Roman world and the other, they were a key element in the process of the various ethnic groups that were progressively Romanisation. After receiving their coveted citizen- absorbed into it [2]. The scope of this paper is to ship upon completion of 25 years of military service, explore how material sources for games can offer they became powerful vectors of the penetration of new insights into the complex cultural phenomenon Roman culture into the provinces [7]. The Romans conventionally known as Romanisation [3]. favoured a process of « bottom-up » Romanisation in I have already addressed some of these issues in a the most remote areas of the Empire. preliminary article [4], but the present contribution In Roman Britannia, the presence of Roman-type will develop in deep how the ludus could play a key game pieces in some sites occupied by the auxilia role in the spreading of a new Roman lifestyle among is important to understanding certain aspects of the peregrini, the non-Roman citizens in the Roman Romanisation. These testimonies sheds light on how, Empire. A specific attention will be focused on some during their years of military service, these non-Roman contexts in Roman Britannia, such as Vindolanda [5], soldiers had the possibility to come in contact with the occupied by auxiliary units of auxilia (auxiliary practices and customs of the romanum more vivere. troops). The presence of typically Roman gaming Among other practices, game and gambling played devices in these sites testifies the role played by the an important role. game in the diffusion of new lifestyle habits, also in Data from Chesterholm (Vindolanda) are instruc- the case of soldiers, as the Batavi, very conservative tive as regards this process [8]. Vindolanda was an from a cultural point of view. important strategic node in the northern defensive [6] [1] Hall & Forsyth 2011, p. 1335; Hall 2019, p. 200; Le Bohec 1992, p. 34-38; Fields 2006, p. 47-52; Dasen & Schädler 2019. Gilliver 2011, p. 193-197; Wesch-Klein 2011, p. 435; Haynes 2013. [2] Dasen 2019, p. 128. [7] For example, an important role in the process of [3] Terranato 2008; Haynes 2013, p. 21; Harding Romanisation of the Batavians seems to have been 2017, p. 195-197. played by auxiliary veterans, Derks & Roymans 2006. [4] Pace 2015. On auxilia see also Le Bohec 1992, p. 34-38. [5] Birley 1977; Birley 1994; Birley 2012; Birley [8] Birley 1977; Birley 1994; Bowman 2006, 2016. p. 77-90. 318 Playing with Batavians. Games as an educational tool for a Romano more vivere system of Britannia. After the Agricolan military wooden building that could be interpreted as a prae- campaigns in the Highlands, a defensive system torium [14]. Bone dice and fragments belonging to was consolidated along the so-called « Stanegate » stone tabulae lusoriae have also been found in the Road” [9], which connected Carlisle (Lugovalium) same areas of the fort [15] (fig. 2). with Corbridge (Coria) (fig. 1). This arrange- In the case of Vindolanda as well as in other ment was further reinforced with the construction instances, it is difficult to establish whether the of Hadrian’s Wall [10]. Thorough excavations and games that were played with typically Roman pieces well-preserved finds have produced a wealth of data were Roman, if they followed different rules, or from Vindolanda. Research has shown that the fort were perhaps some sort of hybrid; even today, rules was rebuilt in wood several times between the end of of games can differ from one region to the other and the 80s AD and the beginning of the construction of even from one community to the other [16]. Hadrian’s Wall [11]. It was occupied by three cohorts These findings are particularly interesting because of auxiliary soldiers: the I Cohort of the Tungri [12], the auxilia that are considered here (the Tungri and and the III and IX Cohorts of the Batavi, though it especially the Batavi) had been recruited among the is uncertain whether their occupation was simultane- ous or at different times [13]. The excavations have unearthed Roman gaming equipment in stratigraphic [9] Hodgson 2000; Birley 2016, p. 250. layers that can be linked to the presence of these [10] Opper 2008, p. 80-81. military units. Numerous gaming pieces, generally of [11] Birley 1994; Birley 2012, p. 4. bone but also of lead and glass, have been found in [12] Tondeur 2012; Nouwen 1995; Nouwen 1997, p. 461-462. different areas of the camp, including inside the large [13] Birley 1997, p. 273-274; Bowman 1994, p. 14-27; Bowman & Thomas 1994, p. 22-24. [14] Birley 1994, p. 87-88. Figure 1 [15] Birley 1977, p. 130, fig. 74; for a corpus of Roman Britannia with the placement of Vindolanda (1) gaming boards from Roman Britannia see Courts & and Coria (2). Drawing of the author. Penn 2019. [16] Schädler 2019; De Voogt 2019, p.
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    DOTTORATO IN TRADIZIONE E CIVILTÀ GRECA E ROMANA XXIV CICLO Gli Alemanni nell’opera di Ammiano Marcellino Alessia Terrinoni Docenti tutori Prof. Leandro Polverini Prof. Peter Funke Coordinatore Prof. Vittorio Ferraro SOMMARIO Introduzione………………………………………………………………………………………3 I. La Germania e i Germani nel IV secolo……………………………………………..... 10 1. La Germania……………………………………………………………………11 a) Germania Magna…………………………………………………………11 b) Le due province: Germania I e II………………………………………18 2. I Germani…………………………………………………………………….......36 a) Ammiano……………………………………………………………… 37 b) Zosimo……………………………………………………………….….45 c) Eutropio e Aurelio Vittore…………………………………………….46 d) Giuliano………………………………………………………………….48 3. Conclusione……………………………………………………………..............48 II. Gli Alemanni nell’opera di Ammiano Marcellino………………………………….50 1. Un excursus sugli Alemanni……………………………………………………51 2. Organizzazione degli Alemanni sul territorio………………………………..55 3. Le fonti di Ammiano per la storia degli Alemanni…………………………..61 4. Lo scontro militare……………………………………………………………….65 a) Costanzo…………………………………………………………………68 b) Giuliano…………………………………………………………………69 c) Valentianiano e Graziano……………………………………………..77 III. Commento ai passi di Ammiano sugli Alemanni……………………………………90 1. 14, 10……………………………………………………………………………….. 2. 15, 4…………………………………………………………………………………. 1 3. 16, 1‐5………………………………………………………………………………... 4. 16, 11‐12……………………………………………………………….………….. 5. 17, 1‐2………………………………………………………………….………….. 6. 17, 8‐10………………………………………………………………...………….. 7. 18, 2…………………………………………………………………….………….. 8. 20, 10…………………………………………………………………..………….