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Cilmar Castro Ioc Dout 2018.Pdf MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Doutorado em Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino em Biociências e Saúde (PGEBS) O CINEMA DE FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA ALÉM DAS FRONTEIRAS DISCIPLINARES: CONSTRUINDO SABERES INTERCONECTADOS EM PRÁTICAS DOCENTES CILMAR SANTOS DE CASTRO Rio de Janeiro Dezembro de 2018 INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino em Biociências e Saúde CILMAR SANTOS DE CASTRO O CINEMA DE FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA ALÉM DAS FRONTEIRAS DISCIPLINARES: CONSTRUINDO SABERES INTERCONECTADOS EM PRÁTICAS DOCENTES Tese apresentada ao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Orientador (es): Prof. Dr. Francisco Romão Ferreira Profa. Dra. Lucia Rodriguez de La Rocque Profa. Dra. Eliane Portes Vargas Rio de Janeiro Dezembro de 2018 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA i INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino em Biociências e Saúde CILMAR SANTOS DE CASTRO O CINEMA DE FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA ALÉM DAS FRONTEIRAS DISCIPLINARES: CONSTRUINDO SABERES INTERCONECTADOS EM PRÁTICAS DOCENTES ORIENTADORES: Prof. Dr. Francisco Romão Ferreira Profa. Dra. Lucia Rodriguez de La Rocque Profa. Dra. Eliane Portes Vargas APROVADA EM: 10 de Dezembro de 2018. EXAMINADORES: Profa. Dra. Rosane Moreira Silva de Meirelles– Presidente avaliador interno (FIOCRUZ) Profa. Dra. Fabiana Bom Kraemer – Avaliadora externa (UERJ) Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Gonçalves de Oliveira – Avaliador externo (UERJ, INES) Profa. Dra. Larissa Escarce Bento Wollz – Avaliadora suplente externa (UFRJ) Profa. Dra. Isabela Cabral Félix de Sousa – Avaliadora suplente interna (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro, 10 de Dezembro de 2018 ii iii DEDICATÓRIA À minha família, que antes de se orgulhar de ter em mim o seu primeiro Doutor, tem todo o meu orgulho de fazer parte dela, pois foi ela a base que sustentou tudo que construí na vida. A todos os professores que exerceram, pelos seus talentos e exemplos, influências positivas em minha formação e na construção do que sou hoje como professor. Às mentes brilhantes que construíram instigantes narrativas de ficção científica, que propiciaram instrumentos para enxergar e discutir alternativas de sociedades. Ao mundo do futuro, em constante elaboração, com o desejo de termos a necessária sabedoria para distanciá-lo da distopia e consolidar os sonhos que merecem ser construídos. iv AGRADECIMENTOS À minha esposa Aline, pelo seu carinho e compreensão ao longo de toda a nossa caminhada juntos, que me reconectou à dimensão do amor, em seus amplos sentidos. Aos meus orientadores, cada um com suas características pessoais e acadêmicas, mas todos compartilhando a mesma dedicação ao ensino e a atenção ao trato humano. Ao IFRJ, pela contribuição em minha carreira docente e por ser um espaço público de ensino de qualidade, repleto de incríveis amigos e de oportunidades de aprendizagens. À FIOCRUZ, uma casa que me acolheu ao longo das trilhas de meu Mestrado e Doutorado no PGEBS, orgulho e felicidade para sempre em minha vida. v EPÍGRAFE EM 3 ATOS Ato 1 – Da Arte “É através da superfície do entretenimento que a arte nos conduz imperceptivelmente aos mistérios mais profundos da vida.” (ROSENFELD, 2013, p. 42) Ato 2 – Do Cinema Bio Simbólica Cio Simbiótica Crio Sincrônica Info Sinfônica Ação Transformação A vida é um filme O filme traz vida 0110100101 As luzes se apagam CGTAATCG Os olhos se acendem Do algoritmo ao nucleotídeo A alma sente Entre o binário e o imaginário Interage com a mente Existem formas e funções Existem mesclas e fecundações Dos cromossomos Existem mundos a perceber A como somos E outros tantos a conceber Aprendemos Ensinamos Sinopse Consumimos e produzimos Sinapse O milagre Sintética Buscamos Vida. Sinergética (CASTRO, 2006, p. 201) vi Ato 3 – Da Tese Para começar Uma recomendação amiga e útil do autor desta pesquisa para a leitura da Tese Primeiro Veja o filme Matrix como entretenimento e boa ficção científica comendo pipoca e com a mente aberta Depois Assista ao filme mais uma vez fazendo um mergulho em suas questões alimentando a consciência Em seguida Leia a Tese integrando os pontos múltiplos formando uma matriz de saberes E por último Veja o filme novamente pois a arte, assim como a vida, merecem ser revisitadas vii INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ O CINEMA DE FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA PARA ALÉM DAS FRONTEIRAS DISCIPLINARES: CONSTRUINDO SABERES INTERCONECTADOS EM PRÁTICAS DOCENTES RESUMO Das intersecções de fundamentos e práticas entre cinema-educação, o cinema de ficção científica tem se apresentado como instrumento profícuo para discussões abrangendo diversas áreas, especialmente o Ensino de Ciências. A presente Tese teve por finalidade principal a investigação de práticas docentes realizadas por professores atuantes em uma instituição federal de Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico (EBTT), utilizando o cinema, especialmente filmes de ficção científica (FC). Para além de uma perspectiva disciplinar, pretendeu-se analisar o estabelecimento de conexões de conhecimentos entre diversas áreas do saber. Trata-se de um caminho de pesquisa iniciado na dissertação de mestrado do próprio autor, defendida no programa de Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Ensino em Biociências e Saúde (PGEBS) do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / RJ (IOC- FIOCRUZ), que envolveu alunos licenciandos e o uso de cinema de FC. A presente investigação aborda a mesma temática, analisando a ótica dos docentes, como estes se apropriam de obras cinematográficas para uso educativo, abordando desde suas concepções e estratégias de planejamento até as experiências realizadas em atividades com filmes, principalmente no Ensino Médio. Com abordagem metodológica qualitativa, a investigação tem seus referenciais teóricos principais extraídos das obras de Lev Vigotski, Pierre Lévy e Edgar Morin, como também de estudos das áreas de cinema de ficção científica e de Ensino de Ciências. Seu desenho metodológico utilizou debates em grupos focais, sobre cenas do filme Matrix (1999) e entrevistas individuais para o detalhamento das ações docentes. Os resultados obtidos constataram o entendimento dos docentes participantes de que filmes de FC oportunizam alto grau de conexão de saberes, valorizando, principalmente, aspectos de reflexão crítica, problematização, conjecturabilidade e imaginação, importantes na formação dos alunos tanto em relação ao Ensino de Ciências quanto em outras áreas. Foi possível compor um quadro detalhado sobre as concepções e práticas dos docentes, contribuindo para o debate de enfrentamento de obstáculos e de aprimoramento atividades, fomentando a realização de novas iniciativas didáticas e de pesquisas pautadas no uso educativo do cinema de ficção científica. Palavras-chave: Práticas Docentes, Cinema, Ficção Científica, Interdisciplinaridade, Matrix. viii INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ THE SCIENCE FICTION CINEMA BEYOND THE DISCIPLINARY BORDERS: BUILDING INTERCONNECTED KNOWLEDGE IN TEACHING PRACTICES ABSTRACT From the intersections of foundations and practices between cinema-education, science fiction cinema has been presented as a useful instrument for discussions covering several areas, especially Science Teaching. The main purpose of this thesis was the investigation of teaching practices carried out by teachers working in a Federal Basic, Technical and Technological Education Institution, using film, especially science fiction (Sci-Fi) films. Aiming beyond a disciplinary perspective, it was intended to analyze the establishment of knowledge connections among several areas of knowledge. It is a research path started in the master's dissertation of the author himself, defended in the Graduate Program in the Teaching of Bioscience and Health (PGEBS) of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz (IOC-FIOCRUZ), which involved undergraduate students and the use of Sci-Fi cinema. The present investigation deals with the same theme, analyzing the teachers' perspective, how they appropriate cinematographic works for educational use, approaching from their conceptions and strategies of planning to the experiences realized in activities with films, mainly in High School. With a qualitative methodological approach, the research has its main theoretical references extracted from the works of Lev Vigotski, Pierre Lévy and Edgar Morin, as well as studies of the science fiction and Science Teaching areas. Its methodological design used focus group discussions, scenes from the movie Matrix (1999) and individual interviews for detailing the teaching actions. The results obtained showed the participating teachers' understanding that Sci-Fi films provide a high degree of connection of knowledge, valuing mainly aspects of critical reflection, problematization, conjecturability and imagination, important in the training of students both in relation to Science Teaching and in other areas. It was possible to compose a detailed picture about teachers' conceptions and practices, contributing to the discussion of the way to overcome obstacles and improving activities, encouraging the development of new didactic initiatives and research based on the educational use of science fiction cinema. Keywords: Teaching practices, cinema, science fiction, interdisciplinarity, Matrix ix SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................ 1 1 FERRAMENTAS PARA IR ALÉM: CINEMA, FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS .............................................................................................. 11 1.1 ENGRENAGENS, ENCANTOS
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