WINTER 2019 NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY #3

EXPLORE CYBERSECURITY IN TRANSPORT NETWORKS

ENLIGHTEN “SHARED MOBILITY IS OUR FUTURE”

ACCOMPLISH MIND THE GENDER GAP

INSPIRE PUMP UP THE VOLUME! PULSE IS INTENDED FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS, DECISION MAKERS AND OPINION LEADERS OF EVERYDAY MOBILITY. A KEOLIS- LED INITIATIVE, THIS BIANNUAL MAGAZINE AIMS TO FUEL DEBATE AND GENERATE DISCUSSION ABOUT THE TRENDS AND CHALLENGES THAT ARE SHAPING OUR INDUSTRY. IF YOU HAVE COMMENTS, OR WOULD LIKE TO SUGGEST ANY IDEAS OR CONTENT, PLEASE CONTACT US AT: [email protected]

CHECK OUT CHECK OUT THE ONLINE VERSION: THE ONLINE VERSION: pulse-mag.com pulse-mag.com AND ADD THE WIDGET AND ADD THE WIDGET ON YOUR SMARTPHONE ON YOUR SMARTPHONE o have a pioneering spirit is akin to cultivating­ your capacity for wonder. And thus, by quest­ ioning preconceived ideas, being open to their ecosystem and being part of the daily life of their regions, the men and women of Keolis have an insightful perspective on the world and today’s major mobility issues.

This pioneering spirit is the philosophy behind our Keoscopie Observatory of Mobility Trends, for which we have just conducted a new large-scale survey on the mobility use of citizens in 37 metropolitan areas across the Tworld. It is also the raison d’être behind Pulse, our twice- yearly magazine, now in its third issue.

In this edition you’ll get to read exciting and in-depth articles on time offices, women’s safety in public transport, and cybersecurity; as well as the views of renowned mobility experts such as Seleta Reynolds, General Manager of the Los Angeles Department of Transportation and Robin Chase, an influential mobility entrepreneur.

Enjoy.

BERNARD TABARY Keolis International CEO

3 PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

CONTRIBUTORS CONTENTS

06 { ENLIGHTEN } 14 { ACCOMPLISH } 28 { ACCOMPLISH } REDEFINING LOS ANGELES MIND THE CARRIED An opinion column by Seleta Reynolds, BY THE CROWD General Manager of the Los Angeles GENDER GAP: Department of Transportation. How city stakeholders handle MOVING TOWARDS EQUALITY major occasions like sporting IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT and cultural events. Shared mobility has to evolve to become inclusive­ Pascale Lapalud Robin Chase Seleta Reynolds and secure for women. Discover the actions that are addressing their safety across the world. 34 { EXPLORE } Urban planner and President Influential mobility General Manager of the Los Angeles of the Genre et Ville think tank entrepreneur Department of Transportation MAKING SURE CYBERTHREATS DON’T DERAIL PUBLIC TRANSPORT n expert in n American eleta Reynolds heads A review of measures to fight cyberattacks political science, entrepreneur in the Los Angeles on transit systems. geo-architecture the mobility field, Department of and urban design, Robin Chase Transportation and Pascale Lapalud co-founded Zipcar, is president of the co-founded Genre the world’s largest National Association Aet Ville in 2012. This French Acar-sharing service, in 2000. Sfor City Transportation { EXPLORE } 08 urban innovation platform She also created Buzzcar, Officials. In Los Angeles, she revisits cities through a a peer-to-peer car-sharing has implemented the “Great ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: multidisciplinary approach, service and Veniam, a vehicle- Streets” plan, aimed at reducing aiming to make them more to-vehicle communication accidents, facilitating bicycle MAKING SHARED MOBILITY SMARTER inclusive. Pascale Lapalud also network. Robin is also traffic and promoting access A few ways in which AI will enrich our daily works as a consultant for 9A+ a consultant to the OECD and to public transport, and this was commuting lives. Explore, a socio-ethnographic US Department of Commerce only a start. She discusses her { EXPLORE } research agency. Her main areas and Transportation. She is goal of making Los Angeles 38 of interest include mobility, recognised as one of the world’s a pioneering city in terms of urbanism and “living together”. most influential opinion leaders mobility and redefining the THE QUIET RISE OF WATER She shares her perspective on on mobility. For Pulse, she looks role of transport coordinating TRANSPORT inequalities in public transport back on the introduction of the authorities in her Pulse and her vision for a more “Shared Mobility Principles for opinion column. The best alternative to combatting crowding in cities close to the sea, rivers or lakes. adapted and inclusive city Livable Cities”, which boasts with Pulse. more than 170 participating organisations. 22 { INSPIRE } A SHORT HISTORY OF THE TRAVEL TICKET 40 { ENLIGHTEN } GOING THE COUNTRY MILE How operators and transport authorities take up 10 { ENLIGHTEN } the complex challenges of rural mobility. 24 { ENLIGHTEN } IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME: SHARED MOBILITY: “WE KNOW “TIME OFFICES” TO IMPROVE 42 { INSPIRE } THE QUALITY OF LIFE THIS IS OUR FUTURE” The vision of Robin Chase, the influential PUMP UP THE VOLUME! A new approach to support urban planning, co‑founder of Zipcar on the initiative of the promote equality and improve mobility. Shared Mobility Principles for Livable Cities. Our public transport playlist.

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OPINION COLUMN _____In the past, we had In the past, transportation streets and air space, integrated And finally, in the past, a static and incomplete picture of ­agencies have taken an with mass transit, and aligned we’ve approached community how people were traveling, we had ­adversarial approach to private with the city’s sustainability engagement as a chore. no digital data base of where you product companies and required and equity goals. Autonomous We created portals to request Illustrations: could or could not park in the city, partners to go through time- vehicles have the greatest potent­ services that eliminated human Pauline Bonis & Paul Pätzel and we begged for data from private consuming and cumbersome ial to solve many of our mobility To achieve our interaction. Today, we’re asking transportation providers. Today, we contracting processes to share challenges. However, if left transition from better questions of our commun­ are offering companies substantial basic data. to purely commercial forces, car dependency ity partners. Do women feel safe input into the data specification­ we autonomy will add to congestion, to shared mobility, on public transit? How can we _____I have spent the will use as part of our permit system In the past, we’ve allowed increase safety challenges, we need to redefine improve walking and biking last four years developing for electric scooters and ride sharing. ­enticing new technology (like and exacerbate inequality. the role that a city access that helps make people feel a plan to overcome my city’s car Businesses like Uber and Lyft are freeways) to completely reshape This is why today, we are working transportation agency­ more comfortable? Are our buses dependency. New transportation now taking a very different posture our urban form with little in close coordination with auto­ has played in the past. going where people want them innovations have opened up the to when they first arrived on the ­thinking about long term social nomous vehicle providers to ensure to go? How could micro transit, possibilities for Los Angeles. scene. And we’re creating a dynamic impacts of unfettered expansion. the technology is supported by protected cycle lanes and electric And a better mobility future digital database of all of our infra­ Tomorrow, we expect autonomous our infrastructure and aligned scooters work alongside the bus is within our reach, certainly structure in the city. systems to be a feature of our with our goals. to provide flexible options that FROM CAR DEPENDENCY TO SHARED MOBILITY sooner than most might expect. encourage people to drive less?

_____My aim is that, _____In just the last by the time we host the 2028 12 months, we have been able REDEFINING Olympics, Los Angeles will be to deliver groundbreaking work a model for the autonomous to build a Transportation and shared mobility movement Department that functions more that is equitable and sustainable. like a platform for services to be built on top of. This digital platform will allow us to guide all users around Los Angeles in _____By 2028, driver­ the most sustainable way. less cars and air taxis will form part of a coordinated transport­ ation network. The City will take a much more proactive role in _____I cannot be sure managing the movement of how mobility will develop in our goods and people. Community- city. I can be sure that our goal led initiatives will redesign is to express our policies through streets to eliminate traffic deaths technology, so that the city and reallocate space to public remains the guardian of the ­public LOS parks and plazas. We will have realm to ensure that the future aggressively converted our buses serves our goals. and city fleets to electric vehicles. We will have centered our work ANGELES around social and racial equity by Seleta Reynolds, so that everyone has access to General Manager of the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) dignified transportation choices. Bio If we get all these things right, air quality will improve, our SELETA REYNOLDS is General streets will be safer, and we will Manager of the Los Angeles Department retire the tired cliché that traffic of Transportation (LADOT). As such, its Los Angeles was designed around unfettered use of the car. Streets are sucks. mission is to make Los Angeles a model congested. Air quality is poor for one quarter of the year. Traffic deaths are the number city by the time of the 2028 Olympics. one cause of death for kids in Los Angeles. And for every new resident that moves to In particular, she has implemented “Great Los Angeles, they bring one car with them, which now means we have a city with four _____To achieve Streets” for Los Angeles, a plan to reduce times the rate of vehicles than in the 1990s. If these trends continue, how can such a transformation, we need traffic fatalities, double the number we expect our city to thrive? As the General Manager of the Los Angeles to ­redefine the role that a city of people riding bikes, and expand access transportation agency has played Department of Transportation, these challenges fall squarely on my shoulders. in the past. to integrated transportation choices.

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PROVIDING RESOLVING URBAN CONGESTION MORE EFFICIENT CAMERA everaging AI to understand and predict passenger movement SURVEILLANCE IMPROVING is one of the latest innovations that aims to resolve global urban congestion problems. AI* THE USE OF PUBLIC L The software leverages low‑power amera surveillance has smartphone sensors to detect and predict passenger movement across various become an integral part of TRANSPORTATION modes of transport. It then processes real‑time sensor data from smartphones Cprotecting passengers. MAKING and wearable devices without the need for any other external hardware. Analysing videos, however, isn’t FOR THE DISABLED Because the solution leverages fundamental AI techniques to model passenger easy: it requires time, attention to movements across several modes of transport, it can identify key transition detail, and discernment by the points such as passengers waiting at the platform to getting on the train. security personnel. Keolis is SHARED alifornian industrial and public researchers So it helps public transport operators to get an end‑to‑end understanding experimenting with a way to are working on an artificial intelligence of journeys. make security cameras used Cproject on the Caltrain (the commuter rail in public transportation line on the San Francisco Peninsula and Santa more effective. MOBILITY To give passengers The solution Clara Valley). The goal? with vision, hearing, or other disabilities involves connecting the cameras real-time information in order to help to a software system that can SMARTER them find the right track, platform, and identify an abandoned bag train, as well as the optimum spot for in a precise location in just ANTICIPATING 10 seconds and retrace it boarding. The technology could also alert to its owner. passengers when to disembark and confirm BREAKDOWNS that they are on the right train. The Internet of MAKING IN ROLLING Things system taps into the cloud, smartphones, STOCK Booming computing power, big data and deep-learning and data devices called “beacons” at Caltrain’s PUBLIC technologies facilitate so much the development of Diridon Station. The project could be expanded TRANSPORTATION Artificial Intelligence that we can expect to see to include BART – Bay Area Rapid Transit ransit operators stand System – and high-speed rail, or used for transit SAFER to gain big by using a vastly different transportation landscape. TAI to carry out main­ terminals nationwide. The transformation will include driverless buses routinely xperts have proposed an tenance. Instead of relying on diagnostic tasks performed shuttling people safely to their destinations and smart, AI-based system to help Emake better decisions under human supervision, SIMPLIFYING sustainable vehicles performing tasks such as ploughing snow, relating to safety so that riders “predictive maintenance” anticipates breakdowns by TRAVEL BY INTEGRATING collecting garbage or delivering food and mail. Here are a few of can enjoy a more comfortable and secure journey. The idea detecting data inconsistencies. VOCALBOTS IN PUBLIC the ways in which AI will enrich our daily commuting lives. is, first, to let an algorithm It relies on collecting TRANSPORT monitor all the incoming and analysing inform– SMART CHARGING passenger communication ation from the millions FOR LOWER ENERGY via Twitter, Facebook, of sensors located on rtificial intelligence-powered voice and online chats. critical train components interfaces, or vocalbots, are useful to anticipate maintenance Ato give passengers quick answers CONSUMPTION The information will then by requirements before to questions like “When is the next bus Madeleine Resener help to determine whether accidents occur, thus to work?” or “How do I get to the dentist?” ntil now, recharging the batteries of electric they relate to a critical significantly decreasing Using the transport network information buses has been a challenge for the cities emergency situation, such stoppage times and already stored and a journey planner system, Uthat use them. The system requires putting as fire, crime, or faulty equipment. costs. Predictive main­ the solution is able to provide an answer the buses on charge when they return to the depot Once identified within a few milliseconds. Today, the idea and leaving them there until their departure as an emergency, the system tenance also uses diagnostic, is to make it easier for customers to the next day. This may provoke peaks in energy will decide which department warranty, survey, federal and choose public transport by integrating consumption that can wear down the batteries and location are best equipped social data sources with a platform with a hands-free speaker and even result in overcapacity fees. Artificial to handle the situation and advanced analytics to detect you control with your voice. Smart This could intelligence is about to change that. automatically push the and predict which parts, or charging involves smoothing out the be particularly useful for elderly and disabled customer’s message to mobile combination of parts, are consumption so that the peak is never people who may find it difficult or even phones of all the relevant potential issue points. The reached and the battery life is preserved. cost savings for rail operators impossible to use smartphones, but still need stakeholders. It all makes for to access all kinds of travel information. Keolis is experimenting with this new method that a safer, more enjoyable journey in terms of avoiding major will ensure the availability of energy for residents for passengers. repairs or recalls is signifi­ when cities fully electrify their bus fleet. cant – as much as 25% by some estimates.

8 9 ENLIGHTEN PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME: “TIME OFFICES” TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY

he way we spend our time OF is very different from Thow people may have done decades ago. Major LIFE economic, social and cultural changes have pushed European policymakers to be more sensitive In many Western societies, the notion of time has become an important about time-related issues experienced by citizens. tool for policy-making. The creation of time offices in Europe And this, in turn, has led to the creation of “time offices” has helped cities to unlock real social benefits for their citizens. and temporal policies, i.e. policies that integrate time- related issues. But how did they come about? What are by Joa Scetbon – Illustration: Inkie they exactly? And what do they do?

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Different times, This means the Take for example the endowed with a time office, Temporal policies changing work divisions of time social change in Italy launched a European can help make (school time, during the mid-1980s, network of temporal better use of n order to understand working time, when women voiced their policy advocates. In 2013, facilities.” “TIME OFFICES the emergence of time leisure time, discontent about the the association Tempo Ioffices, we need to grasp travel time, etc.) difficulty in reconciling Territorial took over In Groningen, in the the depth of the changes are increasingly and preserving the the management of this Netherlands, a temporal EQUALITY that have occurred over individualised professional and personal network (see interview analysis of a public school PROMOTE past decades and how and diverse. spheres in their lives. of Katja Krüger, page 13). showed that the facilities they have impacted our Since more women were This new approach were under-utilised relationship to time. The emergence of a gig working, they requested to policy-making implies outside school hours and economy, in which that opening hours of a cultural shift and could be used to enhance AMONG Since the 1950s, habits independent workers public services be a certain amount of social cohesion. So, the CITIZENS.” and lifestyles in the West are contracted for short- adjusted (2). This demand financial resources. This city decided to make the have changed dramatically. term commitments, is led first at the end of the explains why temporal school accessible to “Despite everything that has Time offices, through The roles of men and amplifying this phenom­ 1980s to a proposed bill policies are not yet the neighbourhood residents been done recently in terms temporal urban women have evolved, enon. Typical examples put forward by Livia Turco, norm everywhere. outside school hours in In Rennes, France, the Politecnico di Milano of transit, like introducing planning policies, resulting in the develop­ include the work provided then to the 142/90 law order for them to engage together with Keolis, the School learn about more fast trains and building can help address ment of women’s work by platforms like Deliveroo, that encouraged cities with in various programmes. local time office acted in chronotopic and more highways, people these inequalities. haven’t really saved time. and childcare services, Uber, Lyft and so on. over 30,000 inhabitants Supporting 2012 as an independent chronographic mapmak­ By supporting urban for example. Changing work schedules to reassess public services temporal policies and legitimate expert to ing, which are tools used Instead, areas have simply planning and the are reflected in the way schedules. This moment Applying temporal help alleviate public to study the accessibility become more accessible. accessibility of public We also now work our cities operate. can be seen as the birth transit congestion by of public transit and services such as differently, often part- Conventional rhythms of temporal policies, which hese time organisa­ analysis encouraging university services in a city, and thus to mobility The issue of time childcare centres time or on weekends. that previously dictated are now well integrated tions investigate to modify class schedules help to develop strategies or public transport, In the European Union city life – night vs day, into cities like Turin, Ttime-related issues in order to reduce the to improve mobility”. raises questions they actually promote for example, 18.8% of weekdays vs Sundays – Genoa, Milan and and support temporal ime offices tackle number of students about equality Time offices within the population, equality in society. workers have part-time are slowly disappearing. ­Bergamo. policy-making. They act multiple issues travelling simultaneously And they do so from a neutral jobs, and about 14.2% as independent experts Trelated to mobility. to and from the university. have proved as a great number position, as they are neither work on a regular basis Inspired by the Italian and tackle every time- In 2008, for example, On a similar note, an their worth by of fragile people urban planners nor delegates. on Sundays (1). And, experience, a French ­related topic that could policy-makers in the experiment is currently supporting local still suffer from time- Whether on the scale of a city we no longer New world , parliamentary report make life easier for Netherlands and the local being launched to reduce authorities when related issues. or a less densely populated col­lectively follow new problems in 2001 recommended citizens. Jean-Yves Boulin, time office explored how public transit congestion they implement area, they simply act as a single social or the creation of “time associate researcher to reduce commuting during rush hours in the solutions that On the one hand, low-income (3) outside experts, proposing cultural model. ith these social, offices” . Several cities at Irisso-Université time as well as carbon business district of boost the welfare families still tend to live economic and (including Lille, Lyon, Paris-Dauphine-PSL, emissions. This led to the La Défense, near Paris. of city residents. innovative solutions.” They certainly further away from city centres Wcultural evolutions, Rennes, Paris, Montpellier mentions several: creation of Smart Work Public authorities are and their workplaces, or have new issues have arisen. and Poitiers) set up formal “One example Centers, first in Amster­ working with companies have the concerns the capacity to no choice but to take jobs, institutional structures dam and Almere, along to spread out employees’ the schedules of which are to promote temporal opening hours the model of what is now arrival and departure inspire more of public and decision-makers often constraining; as for policies. Similar initiatives called a “third place”, i.e., times in the morning and women, they often suffer took place in Germany, private services. a location that is neither evening. The plan also worldwide. They help cities from a double inequality as Spain, Belgium and the home nor the traditional involves encouraging they tend to work full-time Netherlands. In 2009, provide services workplace. A year later, working from home while still doing most of the Barcelona, the first that are compati- results showed that “users and using third places. housework (on average, 73% in Spanish city to be ble with citizens’ had saved an average The goal is to decrease France, according to the OECD) busy lives. They of 66 minutes per day employees’ rush hour or caring for dependent family also investigate by using the SWC instead transit by 5 to 10% within regulations for of commuting to their a year. members, such as children business hours companies’ offices (4).” or the elderly. on Sundays, Third places similar Italy remains a pioneer in advocate for On the other hand, those to the SWC provide this domain. As Jean-Yves (1) Source Eurostat. who have better qualifications libraries to open (2) Bonfiglioli Sandra, Rosso further benefits creating Boulin notices, “Time can choose jobs with less on Sundays local community centres, management has become François. Les politiques des temps Katja Krüger, instead of shops, urbains en Italie. In: Les Annales demanding schedules, President of Tempo Territorial acting as a market place an integral part of many de la recherche urbaine, N°77, 1997. and those who enjoy better and help organise for services or reducing urban planning policies. Emplois du temps. pp. 22‑29. incomes can purchase time, city nightlife and costs for companies. Interestingly, it is the only (3) Hervé Edmond, Le temps des villes, rapport parlementaire, by acquiring the services @krugerkatja35 • @TempoTerr public transit Today, third places exist country with a university 2001. p.66. Disponible sur of third parties, such as during the day everywhere across programme focused on https://urlz.fr/8I2Q babysitters for example. www.tempoterritorial.fr and night. Europe. the subject. Students of (4) https://urlz.fr/8I2T

12 13 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY MIND THE GENDER GAP: MOVING TOWARDS EQUALITY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT Transport is a unique vector for opportunity. Whether economic or social, the easier it is to get around, the more locals thrive. But for more than 50% by Libby Wilson of the world’s population, public transport still Illustration: Xaviera Altena comes with serious baggage.

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Ensuring women have access to to the International Labour their cell phone to send alerts to the gender-sensitive training for drivers Organization (Trends for police, family members, and their doctor. and increased the number of women inclusive and secure public transport Women 2017). In France, according Under-reporting of harassment is an in transport-related roles. is a growing priority for economists, to a FNAUT study on gender harassment epidemic and technology is proving its in public rail transport, just 19% of women force in this arena too. The root cause policy makers, urban and transport say their use of public transport is not of under-reporting is difficulty IT TAKES influenced by harassment. “The lack of identifying perpetrators and a lack of A VILLAGE Improving public planners alike. Institutions such as personal security, or the inability to use public information about when, where and how safety works best transport without the fear of being victimised to file a complaint. In 2012, London when the public is the World Bank and UN Women actively – whether on public transport, walking to conducted a survey and found only one aware of the issues research and make recommendations or from a transit facility or stop, or waiting in ten passengers said they would and transport personnel properly trained at a bus, transit stop, or station platform – can report sexual harassment. So transport to combat them. Authorities and on the relationship between gender substantially decrease the attractiveness and authorities launched “Report it to Stop it” campaigning groups are getting the “stop thus the use of public transit”, notes a 2017 to give women more ways to report harassment” message across using and transportation. That’s because Global Mobility Report released by incidents: in person, by phone and even by traditional means like posters, advertising the consequences reach far SuM4All (Sustainable Mobility for All), text. Since this programme launched in and staff at safety kiosks, as well as via a World Bank-led initiative. 2014, British Transport Police in London digital tools like Hyderabad police’s Hawk beyond transport use: this isn’t have received 65,000 reports by text. Eye app, which allows citizens to report sexual assaults. But social media plays a big simply about getting around DAILY role too. After all, one of the best ways to RISKS From stalking and COMBINING spark a reaction is to go viral. A campaign with ease; it’s about equality unwanted comments APPROACHES The most by UN Women and the Mexico City and advancement. or gestures, to groping effective strategies government to raise awareness of sexual and assault, women are look at issues harassment on subways grasped this: seats at higher risk of experiencing violence. holistically. were shaped to look like a man’s body, And it’s a global problem. A 2015 French That’s why policy makers are taking action including the penis. Needless to say it report from France’s National Observatory timing is critical to fit together their countries like Japan, India, Brazil, Egypt to tackle harassment and improve women’s sparked more than a few side stares and of Crime and Criminal Justice found that various daily trips. On-time transport and Mexico as well. But for some, this is transport safety as part of a wider gender- digital shares. The goal behind all these 220,000 women had been sexually harassed minimises waiting time and reduces only addressing the symptoms and not equality framework. “It’s a combi­ campaigns is empowering everyone to be on public transport in what was described insecurity. In other words, it makes a real the problem, and perpetuates perceptions nation of factors that we need part of changing attitudes and behaviour. as “a conservative estimate”. In the difference in people’s lives. For example, of female vulnerability. Speaking about to bring: technology can play DIFFERENT Île‑de-France region, for a report from the Inter-American women-only buses in Papua New Guinea, an important role, as well as Promoting safe and sustainable transport TRAVEL The jury is still out example, a study from FNAUT Development Bank (IDB) in Latin Lizette Soria, UN Women’s Safe Public infrastructure and service doesn’t just benefit women. It creates more PATTERNS on whether men and on gender harassment in public America found that cutting down on Transport Programme, said, “This is just system design, but it is also security for everyone. But it remains a women are from road transport and multimodal tardiness and congestion also reduces the a short-term strategy, because our long-term key to engage women and girls, collective challenge. Involving users, different planets, but hubs shows that public transport likelihood that a woman will be a victim goal is to make public transport safer involve the community at large, especially women, goes a long way in one thing is certain: (including rail stations) is the of crime. Adapting off-peak offers, such as for everyone”. and design systems that will shaping services that improve access, reduce they do have different travel habits. primary location for sexual expanding evening and weekend services also lead to a change in inequalities and create a better, safer For example, women in Africa, Asia and assault against women, with to avoid extended wait times in deserted behaviour because that’s experience for all. Latin America are more likely to combine 39% of attacks reported or poorly lit stations, is also crucial. TECHNOLOGY part of the issue”, said Pierre domestic and caregiving duties with occurring there. And journeys SOLUTIONS There is good Guislain, Vice President of Private Sector, travelling to work, moving between at ­off‑peak times, like early morning or late In Quito, Ecuador, as part of UN Women’s news: technology Infrastructure & Industrialization at the multiple destinations throughout the day. at night, present a real safety issue. Safe Cities Programme, officials found that can intervene African Development Bank Group. This can be quite complicated when you Minorities are often targets of gender 84% of women cited public transport as at various stages. are reliant on public transport, which is the and sexual harassment as well. In the UK, unsafe due to sexual violence. The city In India, the Safetipin app allows women Incorporating women’s needs and reality for most women, especially those the number of LGBT victims on the road created a response plan to address the issue to easily consult safety scores for public perspectives is an important first step. from low-income backgrounds. Two-thirds and rail networks has tripled over the past on every front: remodelling 43 of 44 trolley spaces. And in Cairo, HarassMap creates In Toronto, Canada, active consultation of public transport passengers in France five years alone(5). stops in line with new safety criteria, crowd-sourced maps of harassment and joint projects with women’s groups are women(1), over 50% in Latin America training 600 staff members to assist and incidents. Citizens can report an incident have proven effective. Thanks to a fruitful and the Caribbean(2) and 55% in the US(3). respond to victims, a mobile app for or intervention – whether someone acted collaboration between transport authorities, And in India, a whopping 84% of women’s SAFER reporting sexual harassment via text to stop the incident or supported the police and community groups, journeys are by public, intermediate SPACES In an effort to reduce message, expansion of crime and violence victim – via a dedicated website. The result comprehensive safety audits of the city’s (1) Gender Equality Initiatives in Transportation Policy, Yael Hasson and Marianna Plevoy, July 2011. public and non-motorised modes of risk, many initiatives monitoring, a communications campaign, functions much like Google Maps: each transport systems were conducted and (2) InterAmerican Development Bank The Relationship between (4) transport . focus on improving the school-based prevention initiatives, and dot represents one report and additional various safety-related improvements Gender and Transport, Isabel Granada, 2016. quality of transport more. In 2016, Quito declared the details are available upon clicking. This delivered, from designated waiting areas (3) Demand for Public Transport in Germany and the USA: An Analysis of Rider Characteristics, Ralph Buehler and For women, limited access to infrastructure and operations: redesigning programme an “emblematic, special easy-to-use overview helps users to request-stop programmes on transport transport, and the dubious John Pucher, 2012. waiting areas, creating better lighting on category project,” and committed to determine the safest routes. Once using networks. Other organisations (4) Census. B-28 “Other Workers” By Mode of Travel to Place level of safety while onboard, access routes or improving schedules and continuing it in the future. public transport, geotracking and alert (see “Gender sensitisation training in Delhi” of Work. New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General & Census is the greatest obstacle to Commissioner, India, 2011. punctuality at stops. For many women, Women-only compartments on buses apps kick in. For example, Singapore’s and “Australia: a more gender balanced (5) British Transport Police data 2013-2018, obtained through labour market entry, according getting around is a bit like a puzzle, and and trains have even been introduced in “justshakeit” lets users simply shake workforce”, page 19) have introduced Freedom of Information request.

16 17 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

LONDON: NO TO SECURING JOINT ACTION AGAINST SEXUAL MANSPREADING WOMEN’S OFFENCES ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN MADRID JOURNEYS IN MEXICO CITY Project Guardian, a partnership between Transport for London (TfL) and Transport authorities in Madrid the police, created a team of officers dedicated to dealing with unwanted launched a campaign in June The Viajemos Seguras sexual behaviour crimes and support victims. To encourage more passengers 2017 against manspreading with (Travelling Safely) programme to report incidents, TfL created a “Report it to stop it” campaign in 2015, and signs placed on all city buses. began in 2008 aims to prevent a film, which has been viewed over 13 million times. In parallel, police officers The initiative was driven by EMT, and penalise violence against engaged with the public, giving advice to commuters, reassuring women the City Council’s equality women and girls in public that reports would be taken seriously and distributing leaflets explaining department and women’s group transport. Following the the reporting process. Over the past three years, the number of incidents Microrrelatos Feministas. introduction and enforcement reported has doubled, with a 36% increase in arrests for unwanted sexual A similar campaign is planned of women-only cars on Metro offences on London’s transport network (1). for the city’s Metro system. lines and buses, the deployment Clara Serra, politician and member of personnel on bus networks of the Madrid Assembly: and policewomen in stations to “We believe that putting a name assist with complaints has led to and making visible these kinds to an increase in female-user of daily sexist behaviours is the participation. way ahead to become more ACTIONS aware and leaving inequality and machismo behind.” TO ADDRESS WOMEN’S SAFETY FRANCE: FROM WOMEN-LED EXPLORATORY AUSTRALIA: WALKS ACROSS A MORE GENDER- “In France women are the THE WORLD BALANCED main passengers on public Explore our selection of initiatives linked to different aspects transport and the primary WORKFORCE victims of sexual harassment of public transport management that are helping to make transport and violence. We began In 2013, only 12% of employees of exploratory walks on bus networks safer for women. Melbourne operator Yarra Trams lines in Lyon in 2015 with were women. It launched a Driven the aim of actively involving Women recruitment campaign women in identifying safety to address the barriers that risks and potential solutions prevented women from applying with us. This led to concrete for tram driver roles, including improvements such as newer, SEOUL: GENDER misconceptions about safety issues, more comfortable buses, WOMEN- SENSITISATION earning potential and working better lighting and redesigned conditions. The campaign quickly bus waiting areas, as well as FRIENDLY TRAINING yielded results: in the first awareness building initiatives CITY PROJECT IN DELHI two years after its launch, the such as educating drivers on (WFCP) number of job applications from women’s safety issues and Delhi Transport Corporation women increased nine-fold. Today, highlighting the 7,500 video worked with Jagori, a women’s women account for more than surveillance cameras across Authorities in Seoul have set out advocacy group, to run gender 22% of Yarra Trams’ workforce and our transport network. Last to implement women-friendly sensitisation sessions for drivers driver recruitment is now 50:50. year we began a campaign to policies that address safety and conductors. Drivers were Craig Ypinazar, Director, People mobilise passengers against and convenience since 2007. To made to sit on the bus and and Organisational Effectiveness sexual harassment, explaining incorporate women’s perspectives, watch role-plays about women’s said, “It’s important that our how to report incidents and WFCP created a framework that journey experiences in order to employees reflect the diversity reminding perpetrators of the involves women’s civic groups, understand gender issues and of the community we serve. sanctions.” government officials and experts sexual harassment and become A diverse and inclusive workplace in fields such as transportation, stakeholders in making transport make good business sense, Claire Brousse, architecture and environment safer for women. Women-only and we continue to work on new Statistic Analysis and Prevention to guide policy-making from cars have been introduced in ways to attract and retain diverse Policy Manager, Keolis Lyon planning to implementation. the New Delhi Metro. talent across Yarra Trams.”

(1) 2014/2015 to 2015/2016. 18 19 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

IN TWO WORDS, A CITY SHOULD BE…

influence attitudes and usage. We research in a number of ways – P. L.: …agile and through observational sensitive. studies, we take pictures and films, carry out Cities are in interviews and other permanent qualitative research. evolution and We use our findings to have to antici­ analyse cities through pate changes the prism of gender and in needs, aspi- “ rations and HISTORICALLY, propose different ways to redesign urban envi­ mobility. A city ronments so they offer a that’s agile is accessible more equal and inclusive to all, adapted to CITIES experience. ARE ATTITUDES different usage and CHANGING? travel patterns (and not WHAT EXPLAINS just from periphery to HAVE BEEN TODAY’S INEQUALITIES? centre) and facilitates P. L.: Equality for women inter-modal ways of is not a new subject and getting around, such has been gaining ground as taking bicycles on DESIGNED P. L.: We are assigned since the feminist move­ explore real needs and public transport. roles and identities from Historically, cities, ment of the 1960s. experiences in order to birth that are shaped mainly those of the Legislation is helping put study the social impact Sensitive means BY AND by social traditions, 19th century, have been gender-sensitive thinking and not just the tech­ thinking beyond func­ political institutions designed by and for more firmly into the nical or engineering tionality to the pleasure and assumptions. men. To men, the legit­ design and provision of aspects of a project. in city experiences. In By questioning imacy of public space, public services. For Consultation and field our work, we seek to what is at work, coffee and business example, many cities research is a great strengthen social inter­ FOR MEN. we observe that and to women, private have adopted the 2006 place to start. Explor­ actions. For example, the urban and space, withdrawal and European charter for atory walks have been transforming bus shel­ societal model is care. This heritage still equality between women used across the world, ters through community built on the basis influences how men and men. In 2014, France involving women and art or creating open of a gendered, access and live in public passed a law to promote men, as well as men public spaces where hierarchical ” AT GENRE ET spaces differently than substantive equality dressed as women, to people from all back­ INTERVIEW VILLE, HOW DO duality that women today. Think of between women and highlight the potential grounds are comfortable YOU EXPLORE imposes on all EQUALITY? playgrounds dominated men: “the State and local WHAT CAN HELP harassment women face to come together. PASCALE LAPALUD is co-founder of Genre et Ville, individuals the by boys playing ball authorities, as well as MOVE THINGS and safety issues that FORWARD? a French urban innovation lab created in 2012 that normative power games or man-spreading their public institutions, can be addressed. Vienna is a city that has takes a multi-disciplinary approach to rethinking how of a hegemonic on public transport. must implement a policy successfully incorporated Pascale Lapalud: We look masculinity. We need to fight these for equality in an inte­ We need to be gender a gender lens into its to make cities more inclusive and equal. Involving P. L.: architects, artists, urban planners, philosophers at the various places Sociologists and geog­ stereo­ types­ by reorgan­ grated approach”. These days there are Over the past year, sensitive but also go urban and transport where people come raphers Connell and ising spaces to embrace Many public more women working in the #Metoo movement beyond the stereotypes design, from projects and sociologists, Genre et Ville has provided gender together from roads, Messerschmidt define diversity and be more sector projects professions like architec­ has given new impetus because women and making the city a safer urban planning expertise to a range of cities and city squares or gardens, this model as the inclusive. #WhyLoiter is now integrate ture and urban planning. for women to be seen men are not simple and more convenient public transportation companies, both nationally cultural or community embodiment of the an example of a growing gender policies Countries like Germany, and heard. Women or unified categories. place for women as well and internationally. buildings to shops and most revered form of movement of women – both thanks UK, US and the Nordics should play a At Genre et Ville, we as moving to more public transport facili­ what a man should be, it (and men) in India­ to top-down have successfully main­ more central role explore the diversity of gender neutral signage ties, like stations or bus imposes on all other men chall­ enging­ accepted pressure from streamed gender perspec­ in defining and our cities – inclusive of in public places. shelters. We explore to position themselves norms that women government as tives but it is yet to be demanding their men, women, LGBTQ the different facets – in relation to it and don’t have the same well as through integrated into the right to safe communities – to create Photo: Jérôme Goupil historical or sociological ­ideologically legitimises right to hang out in the lobbying formal teaching of these public spaces a better and more @pas_lap factors, urban planning, the total subordination public spaces by walking efforts of local disciplines in France, and transport. egalitarian way to live advocacy groups. legal framework – that of women to men. through the city at night. for example. Urban planners need to together. pascalelapalud.wordpress.com

20 21 INSPIRE PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

The origins ~ 1920 1980s 2016

Paper and ink A A preference Smart cards, Tailor-made ~ for metal reusable tickets on your In the middle of the 15th century, ~ ~ wrist before the invention of printing, public transport was provided by horse-drawn SHORT Building on magnetic ticket technology, ~ Roland Moreno, the inventor of the memory coaches. Passengers were simply given For special events that temporarily generate handwritten vouchers as travel tickets. card, had the idea of the smart transport card in 1975. With a chip integrated inside the heavy traffic, ticketing systems can adjust card, not only was information processing and innovate. For the 2016 UEFA European HISTORY 2007 Championship, Keolis introduced in Lille faster, but more detailed data could also be produced to make the transport service the NFC travel wristband, a contactless OF THE Some travel networks chose coins public transport device. (with a flat fare, 1 coin = 1 trip) and tokens smarter. The smartphone, instead of printed paper tickets. In the New York City subway, coins were a traveller’s introduced in turnstiles in the 1920s, then best friend TRAVEL replaced by tokens in 1953. This system survived until 2013. Tokens were costlier ~ to produce than paper tickets, but they had the advantage of being reusable. The advent of smartphones combined with NFC technology that enables two TICKET electronic devices to exchange information led to dematerialised travel tickets. In 2017, ~ smartphones became a traveller’s best friend with the mobile app Plan-Book-Ticket 1804 developed by Keolis and its subsidiary Kisio Digital. Since then, not only have travellers Print it out CURIOSITY CABINET been able to access itineraries and real-time 1990s traffic information, it has also become possible 2018 ~ for them to purchase and validate tickets. In 1804, trains carried passengers for Open payment the first time in England. With the Always quicker Industrial Revolution and the emergence of Travel tickets ~ ~ the first train companies, transport tickets Travellers can use a contactless payment card functioned like modern contracts. In the have taken all With radio-frequency identification to take the bus, tram or subway. form of a printed piece of paper, their terms technology (RFID), smart cards became In mid-2017, Open Payment accounted for involved a user and a service provider, forms and shapes contactless. No more need to dig around 40% of all “pay as you go” payments on the a point of departure and a destination, in your bag for your transport ticket. This Transport for London (TfL) bus and metro and a date of validity. over the years. added to an even smoother user experience. network. In 2018, Keolis successfully The RFID T-Money card was introduced 1969 implemented this system in Dijon (France), for the very first time in Seoul (South 2013 the second European city after London. Korea) in 1996. Two years later, Amiens From simple and Nice (France), secured the system with Making it microprocessor technology, which has Multi-service cards, pieces of paper to become the global standard. magnetic more with less high-tech devices, ~ ~ it has been quite The first magnetic tickets were introduced In a few cities, travel card holders can now in the Paris metro in 1969. More difficult enjoy a larger range of services not limited a journey. Come to forge than simple paper tickets, they to transit. In Brittany (France) the KorriGo made it easier to fight fare evasion. card, launched in 2006, gives access to public on board for And by automating ticket checks, they transit and public services like local public a quick tour! facilitated the flow of passengers. The ticket libraries and swimming pools since 2013. system modernised even further with the In Rome (Italy) the Roma Pass can be used introduction of ticket-selling machines ~ both to access public transport and to visit in the 1980s. cultural sites.

22 23 ENLIGHTEN PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

INTERVIEW in cities it’s 60% of emissions. Mobility Principles, business of transporting Given the deep disruptions something that passengers and they had to be created by new technologies, we could all rally a multi-national. In February the transport sector is behind, and that we 2018, we announced that SHARED currently in flux. From a advisors actually did have a 15 service providers and tech by Robert Jack human perspective and from strong common set of beliefs. companies had initially signed Photo: Andrew Elliott a climate change perspective, up to the principles, including we absolutely positively have The 10 principles were Citymapper, Keolis, Mobike to move urban areas to active produced by a working and Lyft. ___ You often state at and shared modes that are group of nine international MOBILITY conferences that we need zero emission. NGOs, including C40 Since then, I haven’t to rethink our approach to Cities Climate Leadership approached any other We cannot come out in any Group, the Institute organisations. All the transport, why is that? other place if we want the for Transportation and newcomers have all come to planet to survive and for cities Development Policy (ITDP), us. Endorsers now number Robin Chase: ___ When I to be places that are livable. ICLEI - Local Governments more than 170 entities from co-founded Zipcar in 2000, We don’t have 50 years, we for Sustainability and the all around the world. I didn’t really know anything have to make this happen World Resources Institute. “ about transportation, other than absolutely as fast, efficiently They were designed to guide WE what every one of us knows. and pleasantly as possible. urban decision-makers and ___ What did you hope the After three or four years of stakeholders toward the best Shared Mobility Principles doing it, I realised that it is “the outcomes for all. would achieve? centre of the universe”. It is the ___ How did this thinking gateway to every opportunity. lead you to create a It was challenging, because R. C.: charter of Shared Mobility of the diversity of groups ___ The end goal is that But it’s enormously undervalued. Principles for Livable involved, and their different cities change from planning People take it for granted Cities? perspectives, but we got to a and building with private KNOW and don’t realise its pervasive place where every single word cars as the dominant mode importance in their lives. was backed by all of those to planning and building R. C.: ___ It was in the spring parties. It’s a very solid piece. with active and shared modes If you care about of 2017. I felt that there being dominant. Over the the quality of was so much noise around We launched the principles last 30 years we have been people’s lives cities about transport and at the EcoMobility World suffering from mono-modal, and if you care where it was going: so many Festival in Kaohsiung, car cities. There are too many about the climate, newspapers, so many Taiwan, in October 2017. people sitting alone in private transportation is podcasts, so many non-profit Immediately afterwards, cars on their own in nose to THIS really important. advisors, so many consulting I was completely struck by tail traffic. Journeys must be Right now, in the United States, firm advisors. There was how these Shared Mobility shared – and emission free – the average person spends a cacophony of advice. Principles totally resonated. if we are to make cities better. about 18% of their household There clearly has been a budget on transportation, and if And even among the advisors real desire for this type of I want the Shared you are poor, as much as 40% of from non-profit organisations, simplicity and clarity. Mobility Principles your budget goes to transport. it felt like there could be to get policy- disagreement. They weren’t makers in cities all IS OUR I realised that ___ Which stakeholders did around the world From a climate perspective, aligned. worldwide transport produces we need to have you target? thinking about the 23% of emissions (road one uniform set future of transport, transport, air, sea, etc.) and of these Shared its interrelatedness to how we R. C.: ___ The convening build cities, build economies, group of large NGOs were and, importantly, create the the appropriate people to right regulatory environment. ” start with, because they exist New mobility services like Bio FUTURE to address social and political Zipcar, Uber and Lyft, and ROBIN CHASE. A North-American transportation entrepreneur, she co-founded issues in the realm of cities the rise of electric bikes and Zipcar in 2000 and helped to pioneer the “collaborative economy” a decade before and transport, independent of scooters have all shown that Airbnb and Uber came on the scene. Zipcar became the world’s largest car-sha- any government. our regulations are broken. Robin Chase, the influential co-founder of Zipcar, believes that cities face catastrophe if they don’t rethink Our regulations ring service. This, and her subsequent work, including commercial ventures and are based on their approach to transport. So she has unified NGOs and private sector companies behind a set of Shared Mobility advisory roles for government bodies, has seen her recognised as a worldwide Later on we approached private sector companies, an outdated Principles for Livable Cities. She tells us how she did this and what comes next. opinion leader. She was listed as one of Time’s 100 Most Influential People in 2009. but they had to be in the framework where

24 25 ENLIGHTEN PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

there were clearly I am hoping to develop small defined transport case studies associated with I. We plan our cities and II. We prioritise people III. We support the silos – bus, rail, different types of cities. their mobility together. over vehicles. The mobility of shared and efficient use taxi, private car, They would show, for The way our cities are built determines people and not vehicles shall be in the center of vehicles, lanes, curbs, etc. – and these new mobility needs and how they can be met. of transportation planning and decision- and land. Residents, workers, example, how you might Development, urban design and public spaces, making. Cities shall prioritise walking, cycling, mobility services achieve a transition towards businesses, and other stakeholders may feel building and zoning regulations, parking public transport and other efficient shared direct impacts on their lives, their investments don’t easily fit into shared mobility in a city requirements, and other land use policies shall mobility, as well as their interconnectivity. those silos. and their economic livelihoods by the unfolding When self- that has no transportation incentivise compact, accessible, livable, and Cities shall discourage the use of cars, single- transition to shared, zero-emission, and driving cars come in, it will backbone and a large informal sustainable cities. passenger taxis, and other oversized vehicles ultimately autonomous vehicles. We commit to be the exact same thing – sector, and how you might transporting one person. actively engage these groups in the decision- so we need new regulations do it in a city that has higher making process and support them as we move that help us to achieve the GDP and an existing public through this transition. outcomes we want. transport network. Executing will require the work of IV. We engage with I also want the Principles to partners around the world, stakeholders. All transportation get people thinking about user each with their own local services should be integrated and thoughtfully V. We promote equity. Every vehicle and mode should pay their fair fees, what people pay to get knowledge and expertise. planned across operators, geographies, share for road use, congestion, pollution, around the city in relation to and complementary modes. Seamless trips should be facilitated via physical connections, and use of curb space. The fair share shall take the impact of their behaviour We are also deliberately vague interoperable payments, and combined the operating, maintenance and social costs on their fellow citizens. about which transport modes information. Every opportunity should be into account. Right now our user fees are of New York was urged to look dollars – has stopped others should be employed to deliver taken to enhance connectivity of people and T HE very, very broken and around at the Shared Principles and from following in their shared mobility. vehicles to wireless networks. the world. And cities are use them as a foundation for footsteps. responding in an even more a different policy. Cities need metro, SHARED VII. We support fair user broken fashion. Without Perhaps we can do it with cell light rail, bus rapid fees across all modes. Physical, better pricing and allocation phones, which didn’t exist when transit – things that digital, and financial access to shared transport of rights of way we are teeing ___ What are the next the first congestion charging have their own MOBILITY services are valuable public goods and need We lead the VI. thoughtful design to ensure use is possible ourselves up for an incredible steps ? schemes were introduced. right of way and transition towards a and affordable by all ages, genders, incomes, catastrophe. In my view, we I am really eager to find a city are pushing huge zero-emission future PRINC IPLE S and abilities. have to do congestion pricing. to do a demonstration because volumes of people ___ R. C.: in peak periods. and renewable energy. We are building if you do a good job on your Transportation and land use planning a training workshop that pilot, and it is well conceived, In dense metro areas, there and policies should minimise the street FOR LIVABLE ___ Are the Principles can be used by anybody. then people are seeing and is nothing else that can move and parking space used per person We want to provide and maximise the use of each vehicle. X. We support that already guiding appreciating the reality of enough people. autonomous vehicles (AVs) resources that the benefits and want them We discourage overbuilding and oversized transport policy ? vehicles and infrastructure, as well as in dense urban areas help people to to continue. But, ultimately, our customers the oversupply of parking. should be operated only understand what for the Shared Mobility ___ R. C.: the Shared Mobility CITIES in shared fleets. Due to the Yes, I think there Principles are cities and the Principles are about transformational potential of autonomous is some evidence of that. ___ Have the Shared people who live in them. vehicle technology, it is critical that all AVs are Art Guzzetti, Vice President - and then spread the message. Mobility Principles We are not pro any particular part of shared fleets, well-regulated, and zero Policy at the American Public encountered any company, vehicle or mode. We work towards emission. Shared fleets can provide more VIII. We aim for public IX. affordable access to all, maximise public safety Transportation Association, This resource will help cities criticism? We are sticking with these integration and seamless told me that his organisation to evaluate proposals currently principles as laid out and benefits via open data. and emissions benefits, ensure that maintenance Public transportation and shared-use fleets connectivity. The data and software upgrades are managed by views the principles as “our on the table and how to I don’t care if it’s self-driving ___ R. C.: will accelerate the transition to zero-emission infrastructure underpinning shared transport professionals, and actualise the promise of North Star as we navigate the use the Shared Mobility One criticism I got car companies like Waymo vehicles. Electric vehicles shall ultimately be services must enable interoperability, reductions in vehicles, parking, and congestion, shifting mobility landscape”. principles as a mechanism was that these principles or Zoox , or something I’ve powered by renewable energy to maximise competition and innovation, while ensuring in line with broader policy trends to reduce the That is a really nice quote. to determine the correct were very vague. They said: never heard of – if it can climate and air quality benefits. privacy, security, and accountability. use of personal cars in dense urban areas. And in New York City, a course of action. none of these principles tell achieve what we want. subset of the signatories cited people how to execute. And the Shared Mobility Principles I am also hoping to work on my answer is “exactly, because And, shockingly, I also don’t Selected Signatories: when opposing plans in some low-cost congestion in transportation execution care if public transport retains New York City to introduce pricing pilots. There are is incredibly local”. its glory as it stands today. • BLABLACAR – long-distance • CITYMAPPER – public • KEOLIS – a global leader • LYFT – on-demand • MASABI – delivers mobile a system of congestion only four cities in the world We need to say I am looking to move the carpooling service avail­ transit app and mapping in mobility, operates ­transportation company. ticketing and software- pricing that targeted taxis, (Singapore, London, Milan “here are the most people at the lowest able in 21 countries. service. more than 10 transport as-a-service (SaaS) even shared taxis, but not and Stockholm) that have principles, and cost in the most livable way. modes in 16 countries. based fare collection. private cars. This plan was done congestion pricing, here is how you nonsense because congestion and I believe the cost of do it in your very, • TRAPEZE – provides • UBER – peer-to-peer • VIA – transportation • ZIPCAR – car-sharing • and MANY more. @rmchase is caused by all vehicles, the infrastructure required very specific city”, trans­por­tation software ridesharing, taxi cab, network and real-time company. not a fraction of vehicles, to operate these schemes – because cities are solutions for transit services and more. ridesharing company. and the Governor of the State a couple of hundred million so different. www.robinchase.org agencies.

26 27 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY CARRIEDCARRIED BYBY THETHE CROWDCROWD

At major occasions like sporting or cultural events, Evening of the European Cupfifinal a whole city suddenly bustles with a huge number at Olympique Lyonnais football of visitors that it needs to host. The city’s routine is club’s stadium… Supporters arrive shaken up: urban logistics and transport coordination in the city centre from the train have to be readjusted accordingly. So how do the city’s stakeholders rise to such challenges? station or airport…

24 DAYS BEFORE THE EVENT THE BIG DAY

The operator draws up I’M LÉA, A KEOLIS ACCOUNTANT AND A VOLUNTEER DOING Many preparatory meetings with all stakeholders are held a comprehensive offering in ON-THE -GROUND WORK AT BIG EVENTS. THESE VOLUNTEERS ahead of the event. Seated around the table are councillors, mobility (flows, human and ARE VITAL FOR MANAGING FLOWS, FOR GIVING PASSENGER local public administrators, police officers, prefectural officials, material resources to use, INFORMATION, FOR REPORTING INCIDENTS AND MORE. sports club directors, UEFA executives, heads of public communications to be released transport authorities, mobility operators and representatives in advance, real-time passenger of resident and retail associations. information, etc.)

THE FLOW OF PASSENGERS NEEDS TO BE FLUID…

WE SHOULD CONSIDER ALL WAYS OF GETTING AROUND THE CITY HERE’S MARC WITH HIS DAUGHTER ÉDITH. THEY’RE BOTH FOOTBALL FANS, IN OUR MOBILITY PLAN, THEY’VE COME TO LYON FOR THE FIRST TIME TO FOLLOW THEIR FAVOURITE CLUB INCLUDING WALKING. AND WANT TO GO TO THE STADIUM BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT. AND SAFETY REMAINS OUR PRIORITY

28 29 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

The supporters follow directions, as do Lyon’s local population, To make rides safe and smooth, there are many who were informed of changes made to their public transport network of us specially called into action. FOR EVENTS AT THE STADIUM, A SPECIAL several days ago for this special evening. ROUTE IS USED SO YOU GET DROPPED OFF RIGHT IN FRONT OF THE STADIUM!

Shuttles access

Carparks access

Bikes path PLEASE MOVE TOWARDS THE BACK.

At the Safety TO ADJUST TO THE GROWING CROWDS, WE GUIDE PASSENGER FLOWS USING Headquarters – especially BARRIERS AND SIGNS. in operation for the occasion – it is the peak period for transport to the stadium.

HELLO SAFETY HEADQUARTERS? A ONE -WAY PASSENGER FLOW HAS BEEN Arrivals are frequent, so the rate of tram turnarounds is increased: one every minute, SET UP AT THE ENTRANCES TO GARIBALDI STATION. THE FLOW IS SMOOTH. instead of one every five minutes as usual.

Using the “Day Pass” offered on DON’T WORRY, I’LL TELL Maintenance specialists (capable of YOU WHICH CONNECTION this day, Marc and Édith are free repairing the overhead cables, which power ON THE EVENINGS OF MATCHES, PUBLIC YOU’LL NEED FOR THE TRANSPORT STAYS RUNNING UNTIL to travel on any mode of transport the trams, for example) are strategically DIRECT TRAM TO THE 1:00AM ESPECIALLY FOR THE OCCASION… on the network (underground, bus, STADIUM. positioned to swiftly carry out work in the tram or shuttle). event of an incident.

30 31 ACCOMPLISH PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

The match is over! Marc and Édith take a free A friend is going to drive them back to shuttle ride from the stadium to the car park. the city centre to celebrate the victory.

Like their colleagues on the buses and TO REACH GATE C, TAKE THE underground, the drivers STEPS ON THE LEFT. ENJOY quickly get through THE MATCH! successive turnarounds. They are vital links in the chain.

Almost half the spectators came to the stadium on public transport, which amounts to around 30,000 people.

During the TOMORROW THE CITY WILL BE BACK TO match, the NORMAL… AND I’LL BE BACK AT WORK. teams hold discussions, both on the ground and at the headquarters.

Counterpoint to the arrival period, the stadium has to be vacated in a very short space of time.

by Christian Cailleaux

32 33 EXPLORE PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

to increasingly sophisticated A cyberattacks, from sources that M KING range from terrorist groups #1 to individuals bent on quick financial gain. In 2016, there concern: the lack R were multiple hacking attempts of trained personnel SU E against the email accounts of to handle security employees of railroad workers threats in South Korea in order to take control of the transport T E by system. And such attacks can CYBER HR ATS Madeleine Resener do great harm. has become an industry “Cyberattacks can and where even a small bit destroy a transit of information has a price agency’s physical and can be bought and sold.” systems, (ie computers) render them inoperable, hand over control DON' of those systems to an outside entity or CRACKS IN THE SYSTEM jeopardise the privacy of employee or he problem is that most customer data”, public transport systems the American Public often aren’t up to the task. Transportation­ Association TIT and modern commu­ DERAIL ATTRACTIVE TARGETS has warned in their Cyber­ nic­ations networks have been security Considerations for patched onto old industrial ybersecurity is a concern Public Transit report (2014). infrastructure, leaving lots U L It’s for all industries, but of cracks in the system. P B IC possible, for instance, transportation is a Cparticularly attractive for a malicious outsider target because of the to gain control of the A P WHEN SMART MEANS electronic display complexity and age of the IT TR NS ORT panels to substitute systems. According to Stan VULNERABLE Engelbrecht, Director of misleading information Cybersecurity Practice at 3D t the heart of the via the passenger Security Services, a company problem is the inter­ information systems, specialised in business and connection of systems. such as the incident in May personal safety and security, AUrban transportation 2017 when information display One weekend in November 2016, riders of San Francisco’s Muni “Supervisory control and data infrastructure used to be built screens at the Washington acquisition (SCADA) systems on closed, proprietary systems. D.C. Union Station were light rail transit system got an early holiday treat. Following manage the physical However, as today’s cities hacked and started playing a ransomware attack on the computerised fare system, the Muni, which automation that coordinates become increasingly smart, they a pornographic video during mass transit. Some of these are naturally moving toward rush hour. While that is a also runs buses and the city’s famed cable cars, decided to turn off systems have been in operation connected transportation nuisance, it’s nothing compared since the 1970s, and needless infrastructure to enjoy the to the disruption that could the payment machines and open the gates, allowing Metro passengers to say, they were not designed many benefits it provides, faster response times for Among the technical automatic passenger be unleashed if hackers took to ride for free. It lasted two days, while the authorities sought to figure with modern cybersecurity in such as improved safety, emergencies, timelier assets transport counting systems. control to broadcast false mind.Today, they are infrastructure repairs, operators must protect messages, or worse if they took out who had hacked the computer system, reportedly demanding well-known as improved traffic flow and today are traffic signal In addition, “Public transit control at a distance of the vulnerable targets in pre-emption 100 Bitcoin. Muni decided not to pay up, and by Monday even lower CO2 emissions. systems have a great deal of steering of a tram or a train. hacker communities, equipment that can be information about passengers,” they had managed to get the system back to normal. and the methods for 50% This leads to a wider potential used to change traffic notes Nicolas Vermuseau, Cities and transit operators hacking them are of attacks were attack surface of transportation light timings, wireless Chief Information Security also have to face a wider range While the cybercrime disrupted Muni’s computer operations, it could widely shared online.” motivated by systems, allowing hackers to fare payment Officer at Keolis. of attacker motivations, have been worse. And that left experts wondering how transit What’s more, as control and ransomware in the US target not only the information technology interfaces “So there is a risk of passenger including ransomware, which, management systems become in 2017 technology, but also the such as Near Field data being stolen and either according to annual Verizon ever more dependent on 2018 Verizon Data Communication, ­authorities would respond to a much more severe attack from Breach Report operational technology that used for blackmail or sold into Data Breach Report (2018), automation and information runs a city’s signalling and Bluetooth, barcode a more complex system of dark rose 50% in 2017 in ­cyberterrorists intent on causing real damage. scanning, and ...... technology, they are vulnerable control systems...... web piracy, where cybercrime businesses in general.

34 35 MA

TO TI 3 36 all the activitiesrelated andcyber security. to ITinpublictransport Senior Manager of ITandsecuritywhoseresponsibilities includemanaging Lindsey Mancini EXPLORE to face cyberthreats. to face cyberthreats. the dark side is having and customer service, operations, efficiency, has ledtoimproved Although digitalisation are systems affected. cities,as smart butall who promote themselves and Barcelona like Dubai It’s cities abigissuefor SYSTEMS? THEIR TRANSPORT CYBERTHREATS TO TAKINGARE CITIES _____HOW SERIOUSLY QU LI O

N N is aUITP(International Association of Public Transport) N CINI E S D S

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...... Francisco. inSan the Munisystem two yearsattack ago on theransomwareprobably well-known was attack trains.a few The firstbig andderailed the system teenage boy into hacked in Lodz, Poland, whena out happenedin2008 attacks. Onethatstands weren’t many examplesof 10yearsback ago, there the biggest challenge: computers. really That’s and leavingthemon their passwords on aPost-It theirlog-in writing havestill employees arethey ofnouseifyou andsuch,firewalls but solutions, technical There are loads of protecting thesystem. andtheirrolerisk in person understandsthe thatevery It’s important to thefrontline staff. from theboardroom within theorganisation, cybersecurity culture issue isthelackofa you.that for The big from do outsidecan fantasy tothinksomeone organisation. It’s pure and theculture ofthe environment, thehistory, youbecause know the you dothat only can of cybersecurity, real company culture comes tobuildinga problem. Butwhenit you outsource can the point ofview, ofcourse From technical apurely TO TAKE? THE BEST APPROACH CYBERSECURITY _____ IS OUTSOURCING

...... further. you have togo even your staff, it’s notenough, to job explainingtherisks ifyou even doagreatSo over theirIT.whatsoever haveand they nocontrol other outsidecontractors, of vendors, suppliers, and worksystems withlots that publictransport isthefactchallenge just distributed. Another policies explained, not by havingcybersecurity and andtraining raising board, through awareness getting humanson SEE COMINGUP? FUTURE THREATS YOU _____ WHAT ARETHE support. as well astoprovide daunted byfeel theissue, whomight operators andmediumsized small of this, among particularly awareness toraise trying place. we are At UITP culture in a cybersecure to thisnotion ofhaving protect. Icome back So more complex to the system, itbecomes things are connected to rate. growing atanexponential of Internet Things, is which attacks. Another isthe moreeven sophisticated tomake cybercriminals for it’s alsoanopportunity collected. That’s great but thedatabeing sense ofall transport, inorder tomake sectors, public including being deployed inmany intelligence, is which go away. Oneisartificial that thesethreats won’t thatmean on thehorizon I seeanumberoftrends As more andmore

PULSE S NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY smart devices,smart be can which (APTs) andincreased useof advanced persistentthreats continuous known hacks as were the stealthy and threats. Among theirconcerns aware ofthegrowing cyber were working intransportation professionals that security found leader CiscoSystems cybersecurity, globaltechnology mid-year on report THE PROBLEM TA a security operations of thetransport­ CKLING with solutions. Ina2017 tocomeare up struggling toBarcelona from Dubai managers o publictransit authorities have 2017 Cisco Report centre 3/4 3/4 ation

...... M transportation personnel.transportation programmesand training for practices, including following best Many are also SECURITY POLICIES IMPROVING frontline staff. boardroom to the explained –from and theirrole and shouldhave risks protecting thesystem should beinvolved in cybercrimes. Everyone cybersecurity to fight to create agenuine organisations have pageview 36)explainsthat Mancini(seeinterLindsey anattack.after howbut also for torespond preventing attacks,only procedures inplacenot for policiesand security personnel androbust security need morewill experienced continue toincrease, cities threats security as cyber issues. because This isalarming personnel todealwiththese oftrained alack reported professionals also Security dangerous actions. intotaking operators transit used viaappstomanipulate in asecurity standards uhrte particip­ate authorities of transportation body orindustry awareness campaigns into place internal areas Singapore putting ore andmore citiessuch organisation 2017 Cisco Report 90% -

...... as well as130oftheirwebsites). in depthover thelast3years, were(18 subsidiaries audited asKeolisdoes subsidiaries, out regular auditsof protect data–andcarrying –likemeasureslevel to accepted commonly security suppliers todefine a andbetter withpartners be done, asworking such Mancini notes. Alotcould environment ofcontractors”, no control over theIT haveoperators absolutely other of outside vendors and Then there isthequestion assets.the infrastructure authorities, lease whooften hand inwithurban fact work thatoperators mattersisthecomplicating not enough. Further That’s a good start, butit’s quarter.once every simulations attack at least run 80% saidtheirorganisa­ organisation.industry Nearly standards bodyor a security in organisations participate professionals saidtheir 90%ofthesecurity nearly plan tocreate one. Inaddition, (SOC), and14%saidthey centres operations security having reported surveyed organisationstransportation report, ofthe three quarters According tothe2017Cisco to protect assets. security measures cyber andphysical analysis anddefining carrying outrisk simulations at least once every quarter suppliers. “Transport 2017 Cisco Report run attack 80% tions

...... P increasingly “smart”. increasingly topay becoming for price cities–the for a challenge remain will cybercriminals ahead ofthe Staying functions. toisolatecritical try can For systems, legacy operators BY“SECURITY DESIGN” from the start. issues anticipate security andallowsto analysis risk is based on an early end-of‑life. This system; until the right intoanexisting is integrated is designed; whentheproduct at thetime system oftheproduct:lifecycle thewhole implemented for is discuss how security must operators transport Under thisprinciple, public and applicable sincemid-2018.and applicable Regulation, adopted in2016 DataProtectionthe General with as well as more broadly intheEU,cybersecurity of higherlevel an overall 2016 andaimstocreate that went in intoeffect August (NISDirective) Systems Network andInformation of Directive on Security framework, asEurope’s such withtheregulatory comply incidents, cyber report and measures,minimum-security governments toimplement of the project. from thebeginning and controls right security objectives means definingthe by design”,which to employ “security the solution is recent systems, increasing pressure from the US are coming under in both Europe and operators ublic transit For more approach

37

EXPLORE PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

Newcastle (Australia): Keolis Downer is responsible for designing and running an integrated transport s cities swell, public of ferry rides may serve as an invaluable system across all modes of travel, including ferries. transport must absorb any boon to a city’s collective mental Of course, there are other, more growth. To help, city wellbeing. qualitative ways to measure return on planners often propose investment (ROI). Opening up a city’s laying down new miles of waterways can help relieve crowding on train track, ordering The proof is in the ridership rates: trains, decongest roads, and reduce travel roomier trains, or when the NYC Ferry began operating in time. When the Lagos state government, expanding cycle lanes. But 2017, city officials predicted annual Nigeria, made a move to overhaul its ferry for cities lucky enough to ridership would max out at around system in late 2017, it did so with the intent have access to a waterway, 4.5 million passengers. Six months later, to take pressure off its jam-packed roads. the simpler solution may the service was carrying 38% more So far, so good: an August 2018 University THE be to provide a way to commute not across passengers than predicted, spurring them of Lagos study shows that complementing land,A but rather by lake, river or sea. to double their projection to 9 million the city’s taxi, bus and car networks with annual riders. The NYC Ferry owes at least waterway services has slashed the average part of its success to its pricing model: at journey time by around 46%. $2.75 a ride, it’s as affordable as the subway. Once a relatively niche form of transport, Across the Atlantic in Nantes, France, the waterborne commutes are gaining Navibus river boat shuttles riders up and While ferry and riverboat services are QUIET popularity in major cities worldwide. The down the Loire river for just €1.70, again, enjoying a global rise, if they want to thrive reasons are straightforward. One, opening the same price as a metro ride. On Hong as mainstream modes of transport, public up waterways clears congestion from roads Kong’s historic Star Ferry, a sail across transport operators will need to focus on two and trains. Two, waterways already exist, Victoria Harbour is actually cheaper than areas: optimising vessels, and providing easy RISE OF so there’s no need to construct new, the local train service, making it a much- connections to land transport. London’s expensive infrastructure such as railway appreciated alternative to the city’s heaving river bus excels in both respects, track, cycle paths, or dedicated bus lanes. rush-hour trains. with services every 20 minutes, Three, river transport creates far less docking at 33 points along pollution than land transport. Four, travel the Thames, most of which link time is more or less guaranteed. And finally, Clearly, keeping ferry fares low keeps easily to major Tube stations. WATER lest we forget – taking a boat to work is, the locals happy. But is it economically Onboard, there’s plenty of space for bikes well, fun. viable? Ferries are costly to build and and scooters, and passengers have access maintain, as are the terminals they’ll dock to bathrooms, free newspapers, and even TRANSPORT in. Unless they’re electric-powered – as is a bar serving coffee by day and cold pints In cities where water transport is already the Bat³ river fleet in Bordeaux, France – by night. The cost of the river bus – £6.60 being rolled out, the locals have responded they’ll need fuel. And then there are the vs. £2.90 for the Tube – may have slowed with unanimous enthusiasm. It’s not safety-related costs – from staff training the service’s growth, but has by no means exactly a surprise: someone to equipment. To cover costs, cities stopped it. In 2018, the service carried who previously had to put up with existing river-transport its 40 millionth passenger, and operator Waterfront cities around the world with a long, complex commute systems can opt to diversify Thames Clipper will soon be adding on land may suddenly find they the offer with tourist-oriented an 18th catamaran to the fleet set to are increasingly embracing ferry are able to cut directly across routes. Places like Hong Kong, accommodate an additional 300,000 riders the bay or river, dramatically transport as a means of combatting Bermuda and Dubai are introducing per year. In London, ridership continues cutting their travel time. And then special sightseeing routes and timetables to rise as it has in other ferry-equipped crowding, especially during rush hour. there’s the obvious point: water transport (and in the case of Dubai, pricier private cities worldwide. If the trend continues, is less hectic and more scenic – a cruise charter options). So far, the strategy seems in the very near future, commuting by boat In almost every case, ridership has more than a commute. The sheer pleasure to be working. may not be so niche after all. surpassed official predictions, causing transport authorities to wonder: are ferries ready to go mainstream?

by Danielle Courtenay

Bordeaux (France): the Bat3 river fleet is New York: the NYC Ferry ride is as affordable as London: the river bus has a service every 20 min. electric-powered. the subway ($2.75), a huge part of its success. and docks at 33 points along the Thames.

38 39 ENLIGHTEN PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY GOING

t’s many a city-dweller’s dream: escaping THE the urban rat race and moving to the countryside to enjoy a better quality of life. A study published by the French Institute of Public Opinion (IFOP)I in October 2018 COUNTRY found that 81% of the French population deems rural living “an ideal lifestyle” (with just 5% of current country residents saying they’d wish to leave) (1).

But of course, fantasy rarely MILE matches up to the reality; just like the city, the country’s many advantages are coupled with distinct challenges. According to the same study, one of the main reasons Living in the country can be bliss, respondents were dissuaded but for those inhabiting remote, sparsely from making the big move to the countryside was the dearth populated areas, getting around can of transportation (54%) – a real disadvantage particularly prove a real hassle. We look at the affecting young people, complex challenges of rural the elderly, the mobility impaired and the unemployed. mobility, as well as the creative, Shared mobility has become bespoke transport solutions emerging a high-stakes issue in the ­European Union, 57% of to render residents’ journeys which spans rural regions, less taxing. holding approximately 24% of its population (2). It not only bolsters the attractiveness of regions, it also supports carbon-emission objectives by Marie-Noëlle Bauer and ­improves the quality of life and public health in Illustration: Aurore Petit general. With the need to be mobile for all sorts of reasons, some of these communities are increasingly open to new and more creative transport solutions.

40 41 ENLIGHTEN PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

Over the last 20 years, BESPOKE to car-sharing solutions off-duty, for example. 42 towns in rural Sierra Norte IS BEST that result in closer So long as there is smooth have leapt from 17,500 to community ties and communication between 26,000 inhabitants, an increase hen tackling the challenges lower carbon emissions. passengers and operators, partly due to better connection of rural mobility, it’s essential To this end, a member of ACRE the opportunities abound. with Madrid’s metropolitan W to resist the temptation of (Action with Communities area. Those numbers should be finding a quick fix by implementing in Rural England), the Humber further boosted by a €130 ideas that better fit urban areas, & Wolds Rural Community million package aimed at or over-reliance on digital tools. Council, launched a volunteer AND GET reviving rural Madrid approved car service to support citizens. BIKING in September 2018, which Ayen, a rural and isolated Drivers use their own MANY includes high-speed internet commune in Southeast France vehicles to transport locals wo-wheelers are also COUNTRYSIDES, as well as “a minibus service with a population of 720, is to destinations of their choice getting in on the action. ferrying children to and from doing just that with Ecosyst’M. (hospitals, doctors’ offices, local T ­According to ACRE, the NOT JUST extra-curricular activities”. Instead of using a digital shops, community meetings, 34 Wheels to Work (W2W) THE ONE platform, it relies entirely on and more). Passengers pay just programmes rolled out in areas human interactions, with 20% £0.45/mile to cover fuel such as Shropshire and dopting a monolithic view percent of its drivers over and other associated costs, Wiltshire have been of the countryside is easy. ACKNOWLEDGING 80 years old. Riders can show a cost‑effective option for rural “providing affordable modes A But in fact, there are up at a public transport station community members with of transport (often mopeds, several versions of the THE INDIVIDUALS that has the Ecosyst’M sticker no other suitable private or small motorcycles and bicycles) “countryside”, differing wildly IN THE CROWD and wait for a participating public transport options. to enable young people in size and proximity to other driver to stop, send an SMS or – including those with areas. Topography, economic nderstanding the distinct call to set up a ride. Passengers On the tech front, an app disabilities – to travel to work, conditions and population are needs of the inhabitants is only contribute to fuel costs, by Keolis partner Cmabulle, college and training”. Users important factors in defining U just as important as knowing 6 cents (€) per kilometre. a car-sharing network, supports pay about £20-£35 per week the variance of habitability the landscape. While mass However, Ecosyst’M reaches parents whose kids go to the – depending on the type of between these rural zones, transit has for long been beyond mobility; it also has same school or take part in the vehicle – and W2W provides and a genuine understanding the leading philosophy a meaningful social impact, same extra-curricular activities. compulsory basic training, of all three of these is the first in the transportation fostering local solidarity and It works on the basis that: insurance and maintenance. step to determining genuine industry, this can’t still interdependence. the school or activity creates The idea is that the vehicle local mobility needs, rather be the case today. a so-called “bulle de confiance” “lease” lasts until the person than resorting to a one With the irrepressible need In rural areas, (safety bubble) on the app. obtains their own ride, which size-fits-all solution. for customisation, offerings sharing schemes It then invites parents (whose is generally within six months. have to be adapted to address and community-run kids are subscribed) to sign up Nationally, “the schemes have Take Spain as an example. the growing diversity and initiatives often prove and contact each other via saved taxpayers more than Many villages are being hit complexity of passengers. better options than Cmabulle in order to organise £19 million per year”. hard by depopulation, with advanced technical safe carpools. more than 4,000 villages and To achieve this, operators solutions. However, Thinking outside the box towns currently at risk of and transport authorities must as options proliferate, so can and a healthy dose of becoming entirely deserted focus on citizens’ behaviour passenger confusion. Local ON DEMAND pragmatism are crucial in the near future. However, and needs, while moving beyond transit authorities play an when imagining rural El Pais newspaper recently the parameters of patronage important coordination role, MOBILITY mobility solutions. reported that the mountainous and passenger flows. ensuring new initiatives Sustainable, cost-saving, areas north of the capital are are easy to access and ne of the rural frustrations inclusive initiatives are already enjoying a demographic understand. highlighted by UK-based making locals’ daily routines boom(3). O ACRE, is how not having easier, while further stoking access “to appropriate forms of ­without regular bus KEEPING Bordeaux. This aptly named city-dwellers’ envy of that THE CAR transport to the right place at the services via phone, IT FLEXIBLE hybrid service benefits both ideal countryside lifestyle. right time” hampers jobseekers web or app. Completing riders and the community at IS STILL from accessing “services and over 750 trips/day, Filo’r ven regular bus routes are large by adapting to evolving KING jobs in neighbouring towns”. provides a turnkey way being reviewed to better lifestyles and extending A possible solution? More for residents to move around E meet rural locals’ needs, existing coverage during rivate vehicles are still the intuitive transport initiatives, their region and connect which allows for optional stops off-peak hours and in remote (1) IFOP study about rural families preferred mobility solution like Keolis Filo’r in the French to major network arteries. within a defined area. Flexo, or commercial areas. as published by French newspaper P in the countryside, but Rouen-Normandie region. An initiative spanning a bus service that operates The options for creative vehicle Le Monde, 09.10.2018. they can be exploited in more Locals can make 29 community-owned vehicles, on a regular timetable but use don’t stop there: school (2 )With No Jobs in the City, Better Jobs Are Coming Back to Spain, Christian Science astute ways. It’s essential last-minute minibus 57 communes in the region allows for on-demand stops, buses or private medical that local authorities reservations for less Monitor, 01.05.2013. and serving an estimated is proving beneficial in the vehicles could be repurposed (3) A rural Renaissance of Madrid’s Sierra give their full support common routes 50,000 inhabitants. suburbs of Dijon, Caen and for other citizens when Norte, El Pais, 28.10.2018.

42 43 INSPIRE PULSE NEW IDEAS TO CHALLENGE DAILY MOBILITY

become one of the most to be upfront with God His sixth album, Moves, played by Duke’s orchestra. before leaving this world. combines soul and Metros, trains, stations and all those who frequent these busy transit It was revived with lyrics “Soon, maybe tonight, latin jazz influences by great jazz voices like Ella we’ll have to get in the train from the 1970s, as well areas are a source of endless inspiration for artists. In the Fitzgerald and served as an and leave…”. New York as hiphop. A gem of intro to the Rolling Stones’ singer Indra Rios Moore groove, with a soulful 1982 album Still life. revisits this classic with her rhythm in keeping with eyes of composers and musicians, trains become allegories, the metro favourite musicians, the tradition of the mythical including her saxophonist Motown label, highlighted husband, Benjamin Traerup, with rap. ticket inspector turns into a gentle dreamer, the and bassist friend Thomas 3. Le poinçonneur Sejthen. des Lilas by city’s effervescence is transposed into rhythms… SERGE 7. Long Train Running by GAINSBOURG After all, it’s only natural that music on the album 5. RER B by THE DOOBIE Du chant à la une ! DEXTER BROTHERS (1958) on the album echoes our lives. In 1958, Gainsbourg, who GOLDBERG The captain and me had spent his entire life in on the album PLAYLIST (1973) Paris, released the song Tell me something new In their famous song Long Le poin­çon­neur des Lilas. (2018) Train Running, the ­Doobie Living near an RER B For Pulse, Fred Charbaut, a specialist music journalist It tells the story of “this guy Brothers share how to station in Paris, young you pass and don’t look at”. move forward and not stay

OUR PUBLIC OUR PUBLIC pianist and composer and co-founder of Paris’s Saint-Germain-des-Prés Under the ceramic tiles of on the platform watching

TRANSPORT Dexter Goldberg frequently the Parisian metro, the trains pass by, like Lucy, the takes this line of the Île-de- ticket inspector is bored song’s main character who Jazz Festival, presents a musical France regional network. with punching travellers’ wanders around, homeless, With the song RER B, he tickets day after day. without any family or love. selection inspired by the world And so he reads, dreams of translates the commotion and agitation experienced The track’s theme was born great escapes, to the sea during a long on-stage jam and on wild paths. “I’d like during his travels into of public transport. Tracks and music. This composition session. The Doobie Brothers’ to fly away/Leave my cap producer then convinced in the cloakroom” sings is emblematic of the stories to (re)discover. cinematographic style the singer, Tom Johnston, Gainsbourg. This song was to write lyrics for the music. one of the composer’s first shared by many young This led to the creation hits. The town hall of Les contemporary­ musicians. Lilas, in the Parisian ­suburb, Like the other tracks recently proposed naming on the album, Tell me a new metro ­station, something new, this song radiates a merry, fresh and 1. Belly of the Sun by 2. Take the “A” Train by scheduled for 2019, Les Lilas-Serge-Gainsbourg. communicative energy. CASSANDRA DUKE Proof that this song has A sound that always made a lasting impression seems to be moving WILSON ELLINGTON forward,­ from station­ on people. (2002) (1941) to station. Given their distinctive Composed by pianist and acoustics, metro and train arranger Billy Strayhorn stations provide unique and in 1939 for Duke Ellington, inspiring atmospheres for Take the “A” Train is a FRED CHARBAUT is a music musicians. In 2001, jazz reference to the New York 4. Little Black Train by 6. Northern Express by journalist specialising in jazz. singer Cassandra Wilson subway line A, inaugurated INDRA RIOS He is the co-founder and returned to her native in the 1930s. In 1967, TIMO LASSY codirector of the Saint- Mississippi to record her Strayhorn recounted the MOORE on the album Moves album, Belly of the Sun. She ­genesis of this song as on the album Heartland (2017) Germain-des-Prés Jazz set up her recording studio follows: “When I arrived in (2015) Finnish saxophonist Festival in Paris. He is also in the abandoned New York, a new subway Metros and trains have long Timo Lassy is one of those a music programmer for FIP (1), Clarksdale train station, line was being built. I lived fuelled composers’ poetic outstanding European Radio France’s eclectic radio home to the Blues Museum. on its route but there was fantasies. Little Black Train musicians who have truly station, Jazz à FIP and jazz In this “Belly of the Sun”, another line, the D, which is a ­traditional 19th century internalised 1960s jazz, programmer for Air France’s her musicians experience branched off right before gospel song, made popular the mythical quintets long-­distance flights. lethargy. The result is a my stop, to go to the in 1935 by the Carter family, of Miles Davis or the Jazz composition pulsing with Bronx. People often took then in the mid-1940s by Messengers. With Northern torrid slowness. Cassandra the wrong line, they took American folk singer and Express, the saxophonist Wilson’s deep and sensual the D and, to avoid any guitarist Woody Guthrie. In invites us onboard his (1) FIP is a French radio station, this song, the train is an part of the Radio France Group, voice shines in covers of confusion when they visited Scandinavian train for which can be listened to Bob Dylan, James Taylor or me, I told them: “take the allegory for looming death. a shamanic journey on the web all over the world P THE VOLUME! Carlos Jobim. A train”. This theme has The lyrics urge the listener through snow and ice. at https://www.fip.fr/player 44 UMPUP 45 PULSE

~ SPECIAL THANKS ~ The editorial team would like to thank all contributors to this third edition of Pulse, and in particular:

-A- -C- -K- -N-

Kellie Ashman Simon Chalumeau Katja Krüger Schuyler Null Communications Advisor, Keolis Downer Mobility on Demand Project Manager, Keolis Deputy Mayor of the city of Rennes Communications Associate, responsible for “time policy” World Research Institute Rohan Astley Robin Chase and President of Tempo Territorial Communications Manager, Keolis Downer Transportation entrepreneur, co-founder of Zipcar, lecturer and author -P- Sylvain Aussert -L- Production Manager, Keolis Lyon Jacky Pacreau -D- Pascale Lapalud Deputy CEO, French Regions, Keolis Urban Planner and co-founder -B- Ségolène Deeley of the Genre et Ville think tank Corporate Affairs Director, Keolis Downer -R- Christophe Badesco Marie Leroy Ticketing Project Manager, Keolis “Time office” Assistant, Rennes Métropole Seleta Reynolds -G- General Manager of the Los Angeles Chris Barker Anne Lieure Department of Transportation Vice President New Mobility, Philippe Grall Public Affairs Director, Keolis France Communications and Marketing, Penn Ar Bed shipping company Director, Keolis North America Keolis Brest Maritime Kara Livingston -S- Group Marketing Director, Keolis Armelle Billard Charlotte Soignon Internal Communications Manager, -H- Stephanie Luelf Innovation and Digital Project Manager, Keolis Rennes Director, Public Affairs & Sustainability, Keolis Daniel Hoffman Keolis Downer Bertrand Billoud Former Chief of Station with the Central Head of Communications, Kisio Digital Intelligence Agency, cybersecurity advisor -T- -M- Antoine Blanchet Bernard Tabary Press Officer, Rennes Métropole -J- Lindsey Mancini Keolis International CEO Senior Manager Security and IT Jean-Yves Boulin Raphaël Jacquemet in Public Transport, UITP Sociologist and research fellow, Marketing Offer Director, French Regions, -V- Paris Dauphine University Keolis Elodie Mijieux Communications and Media Relations Nicolas Vermuseau Claire Brousse Arnaud Julien Manager, Keolis Lyon Information Systems Security Manager, Keolis Statistical Analyses & Prevention Policy Innovation and Digital Director, Manager, Keolis Lyon Keolis Anne Miller Director of Corporate Affairs, -Z- Keolis North America Scheherazade Zekri Director New Mobility Services, Keolis

Keolis Brand & Communications Department 20, rue Le Peletier 75320 Paris Cedex 09 – France www.keolis.com – [email protected]

Publication Director: Thomas Barbelet – Executive Editor: Marsid Greenidge – Managing Editor: Catherine Miret – Editor: Camille Delattre – Creation and production: – Staff Writers: Marie-Noëlle Bauer, Danielle Courtenay, James Dark, Robert Jack, Madeleine Resener, Joa Scetbon, Céline Simon, Libby Wilson – Illustrators: Xaviera Altena, Pauline Bonis, Inkie, Paul Pätzel, Aurore Petit – Comics: Christian Cailleaux – Photo credits: bjeayes/Getty Images, Drimafilm/Istock, Fred Charbaut DR, Collection Musée de La Poste, Collection RATP, Bertrand Duclaud, Andrew Elliot, Gregory Gérard, JayLazarin/Istock, Jérôme Goupil, Christian Hansen, Jabuguin/iStock, Keolis Bordeaux, L’œil de Paco/Région Bretagne, London Transport Museum, Klause Meinhardt/Getty Images, Richard Soberka/Transpole, Transport for London Group Archives, UITP, Visa, Yeen and Shanghwan.

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