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Japanese American Internment: a Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University
Kennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-21-2014 Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War Amber Martinez Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Martinez, Amber, "Japanese American Internment: A Tragedy of War" (2014). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 604. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT: A TRAGEDY OF WAR A Reflexive Essay Presented To The Academic Faculty Amber Martinez In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in American Studies Kennesaw State University (May, 2014) 1 Japanese American internment in the United States during World War II affected thousands of lives for generations yet it remains hidden in historical memory. There have been surges of public interest since the release of the internees, such as during the Civil Rights movement and the campaign for redress, which led to renewed interest in scholarship investigating the internment. Once redress was achieved in 1988, public interest waned again as did published analysis of the internment. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan began, American pride and displays of homeland loyalty created a unique event in American history. -
A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2011 Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas Caleb Kenji Watanabe University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Asian American Studies Commons, Other History Commons, and the Public History Commons Recommended Citation Watanabe, Caleb Kenji, "Islands and Swamps: A Comparison of the Japanese American Internment Experience in Hawaii and Arkansas" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 206. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/206 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS ISLANDS AND SWAMPS: A COMPARISON OF THE JAPANESE AMERICAN INTERNMENT EXPERIENCE IN HAWAII AND ARKANSAS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By Caleb Kenji Watanabe Arkansas Tech University Bachelor of Arts in History, 2009 December 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT Comparing the Japanese American relocation centers of Arkansas and the camp systems of Hawaii shows that internment was not universally detrimental to those held within its confines. Internment in Hawaii was far more severe than it was in Arkansas. This claim is supported by both primary sources, derived mainly from oral interviews, and secondary sources made up of scholarly research that has been conducted on the topic since the events of Japanese American internment occurred. -
The Museum of Northern Arizona Easton Collection Center 3101 N
MS-372 The Museum of Northern Arizona Easton Collection Center 3101 N. Fort Valley Road Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (928)774-5211 ext. 256 Title Harold Widdison Rock Art collection Dates 1946-2012, predominant 1983-2012 Extent 23,390 35mm color slides, 6,085 color prints, 24 35mm color negatives, 1.6 linear feet textual, 1 DVD, 4 digital files Name of Creator(s) Widdison, Harold A. Biographical History Harold Atwood Widdison was born in Salt Lake City, Utah on September 10, 1935 to Harold Edward and Margaret Lavona (née Atwood) Widdison. His only sibling, sister Joan Lavona, was born in 1940. The family moved to Helena, Montana when Widdison was 12, where he graduated from high school in 1953. He then served a two year mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1956 Widdison entered Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, graduating with a BS in sociology in 1959 and an MS in business in 1961. He was employed by the Atomic Energy Commission in Washington DC before returning to graduate school, earning his PhD in medical sociology and statistics from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio in 1970. Dr. Widdison was a faculty member in the Sociology Department at Northern Arizona University from 1972 until his retirement in 2003. His research foci included research methods, medical sociology, complex organization, and death and dying. His interest in the latter led him to develop one of the first courses on death, grief, and bereavement, and helped establish such courses in the field on a national scale. -
Kip Tokuda Civil Liberties Program
Kip Tokuda Civil Liberties Program 1. Purpose: The Kip Tokuda competitive grant program supports the intent of RCW 28A.300.405 to do one or both of the following: 1) educate the public regarding the history and lessons of the World War II exclusion, removal, and detention of persons of Japanese ancestry through the development, coordination, and distribution of new educational materials and the development of curriculum materials to complement and augment resources currently available on this subject matter; and 2) develop videos, plays, presentations, speaker bureaus, and exhibitions for presentation to elementary schools, secondary schools, community colleges, and other interested parties. 2. Description of services provided: Grants were provided to the following individuals and organizations: Bainbridge Island Japanese American Community (BIJAC): BIJAC offered workshops featuring four oral history documentary films of the Japanese American WWII experience and accompanying curricula aligning with OSPI-developed Assessments for use in distance-learning lessons during the COVID- 19 pandemic, and developed online interactive activities to use with the oral history films in online workshops. Erin Shigaki: In the first phase of the grant Erin used the funds to revise the design of three wall murals about the Japanese American exclusion and detention located in what was the historic Japantown or Nihonmachi in Seattle, WA. The first and second locations are in Seattle’s Chinatown-International District in “Nihonmachi Alley” and the third location is the side of the Densho building located on Jackson Street. Erin spent time working with a fabricator regarding material options and installation. Densho (JALP): From January to June, the content staff completed articles on a range of confinement sites administered by the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the Wartime Civil Control Administration (WCCA), the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S. -
Over 55 Years Ago, the United States Entered World War II. to Most Americans, Now, It’S Something That Happened “Over There” and Is Far Removed from Home
by Mike Prero Over 55 years ago, the United States entered World War II. To most Americans, now, it’s something that happened “over there” and is far removed from home. We frequently read books and see movies about our soldiers in Japanese or German prisoner-of-war camps, but few members of the younger generation realize that between 1942 and 1946, the United States held almost 400,000 German, more than 50,000 Italian, and 5,000 Japanese soldiers in P.O.W. camps right here in the United States. I’ve been a Military collector ever since I entered the hobby, but my interest was really drawn to P.O.W. camps during a game of bridge a number of years ago. Our opponents, an elderly couple, had actually met and fallen in love in a Japanese P.O.W. camp in the Philippines. Fascinating! And so are P.O.W. camp covers. There were over 500 such P.O.W. camps in America during the war. One of them was right down the road from here, in Stockton, CA. Not surprisingly, most were located in the western and central states that had wide-open spaces: California, Texas, Idaho, Arizona, Nebraska, Kansas, Wyoming, etc. Although, there were a few in places like Maryland, Wisconsin, and Michigan. As with most World War II U.S. installations, there are a variety of covers from these P.O.W. camps, although they are definitely scarce compared to the number of camps that existed. I currently have 6,842 U.S. Military covers, but Major P.O.W. -
From a U.S. Internment Camp to Your Living Room and Your Cherished
Willie Ito ICOMM Keynote Lunch Presentation On February 18, 1942, Executive Order 9066 was issued and 8-year-old Willie Ito and his family were removed from their San Francisco home and forced into an internment camp along with over 120,000 U.S. citizens of Japanese ancestry. Rule of law principles were trampled and every civil and constitutional right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights was violated. This ugly episode in our history continues to rear its head as selective enforcement is being advocated with seemingly increasing volume. Regardless of the context, such action would similarly violate U.S. laws as well many international human rights treaties to which the U.S. is a signatory. Willie Ito’s professional journey began in the dried salt lakedesert internment camp in Topaz, Utah. In his spare time in the camp, Willie would entertain himself by drawing pictures on the corners of the War Relocation Authority provisions catalog. Flipping the pages, he became a self-taught animator. To the bemusement of his parents, at age 10, Willie announced his intention to become a cartoonist or comicstrip artist upon their release from camp. His professional career as an animator began in 1954, when Willie was hired by Disney and assigned to the “Lady Unit”. He assumed that this was a derogatory term for junior animators, but Willie was actually assigned to the Lady and Tramp project. As fate would have it, his first assignment was to animate the “spaghetti sequence” in The Lady and the Tramp, a scene that would go on to become one of the most iconic of early feature animation in history. -
Japanese Americans in World War Ii
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Historic Landmarks Program JAPANESE AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Cover photo Farm families of Japanese ancestry wait for a bus that will take them to the Tanforan Assembly Center, along with 595 others removed from the area near Centerville, California, under Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34. WRA photo by Dorothea Lange, May 9, 1942, courtesy of the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration JAPANESE AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study Edited by Barbara Wyatt National Historic Landmarks Program Based in part on Confinement and Ethnicity by Jeffery F. Burton Mary M. Farrell Florence B. Lord Richard W. Lord NPS Western Archeological and Conservation Center Tucson, Arizona, 1999 With Contributions from S. Curtis Breckenridge Marilyn Harper Produced by the National Historic Landmarks Program National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC August 2012 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD................................................................................................................................. 1 PART 1, INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3 Table 1. Wartime Properties Identified in Public Law 102-248 ................................................ 7 PART 2. HISTORIC CONTEXT ............................................................................................... 9 THE PRELUDE TO RELOCATION -
Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment August 2015 We are pleased to provide you with this copy of the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment. This report has been prepared to provide Congress and the public with information about the resources in the study area and how they relate to criteria for inclusion within the national park system. Publication and transmittal of this report should not be considered an endorsement for a commitment by the National Park Service to seek or support either specific legislative authorization for the project or appropriation for its implementation. The Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for this document was signed on October 15, 2014. Photo credits Front and back covers: Barracks and tents at Honouliuli, c. 1945, by R. H. Lodge. Courtesy of Hawai'i’s Plantation Village. Front inside cover: Remaining World War II-era structure, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. Back inside cover: Extant fence post with barbed wire, Honouliuli Internment Camp. Photo: Valentino Valdez. HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment AUGUST 2015 Produced by the Pacific West Regional Office Park Planning and Environmental Compliance San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC Final Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment for HONOULIULI GULCH AND ASSOCIATED SITES August 2015 The National Park Service (NPS) prepared the Honouliuli Gulch and Associated Sites Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment to determine whether the Honouliuli Internment Camp and associated World War II internment sites in Hawai‘i are nationally significant, suitable, and feasible for inclusion in the national park system. -
Fy 2021 Grant Project Summaries
National Park Service Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant Program ___________________________________________________________________________________ FY 2021 GRANT AWARDS Please note: projects are listed by the states of the grant recipients. ALASKA Recipient: Japanese American Citizens League, Alaska Chapter (Anchorage, AK) Project Title: World War II Confinement and the Last Frontier Grant Award: $30,000 Site(s): Multiple Sites Description: Japanese immigrants left indelible marks on Alaska, including contributions by Jujiro Wada to dog mushing, Sotoro “Harry” and Tomo Kawabe to education, and Shonosuke Tanaka to community life and mutual aid. Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, the government imprisoned these same local leaders at Fort Richardson and sent their family members to confinement at Puyallup and eventually Minidoka. These diverse experiences will be highlighted through oral history interviews and primary source materials, curriculum, and interpretation at the Fort Richardson Internment Camp site. CALIFORNIA Recipient: Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation (San Francisco, CA) Project Title: Angel Island Connections: Developing Digital and Traveling Exhibits about the Japanese American Detention at Angel Island During World War II Grant Award: $85,500 Site(s): Angel Island Immigration Station, Marin County, CA Description: The Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, in partnership with Angel Island State Park and CyArk, will create exhibits to interpret and educate the public about the history of Japanese American incarceration during World War II at Angel Island and its connections to other confinement sites. The first 3D virtual exhibit will combine the emotional impact of 3D experiences with oral histories collected through digital storytelling workshops. This virtual exhibit will inform the development of a traveling exhibit, which will be shared at various sites. -
Fort Cronkhite Historic Furnishing Report
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Media Services Harpers Ferry Center Historic Furnishings Report Golden Gate National Recreation Area San Francisco, California Fort Cronkhite: Barracks (Building 1059) and Mess Hall (Building 1049) APPROVED: Diane Nicholson Curator, Golden Gate National Recreation Area January 4, 2005 Historic Furnishings Report Fort Cronkhite: Barracks (Building 1059) and Mess Hall (Building 1049) Golden Gate National Recreation Area San Francisco, California By William L. Brown III Staff Curator Media Services Harpers Ferry Center National Park Service and Walter H. Bradford Museum Curator National Museum of the United States Army United States Army Center of Military History 2005 Contents Acknowledgments 5 3 Administrative Information 7 Interpretive Objectives 10 Operating Plan 10 Prior Planning Documents 12 Historical Information 13 A Note on Sources 15 Analysis of Historic Occupancy 16 History of Extant Structures 16 Building 1059 – Enlisted Barracks 16 Building 1049 – Enlisted Mess Hall 18 History of Military Occupancy 19 Ninth Coast Artillery District 19 Harbor Defenses of San Francisco 19 6th Coast Artillery 20 56th Coast Artillery 21 Evidence of Original Furnishings 23 Offi cial Documentation 23 Army Supply 23 Clothing and Individual Equipment 25 Organizational Equipment 52 Station Property—Barracks 59 Station Property—Mess Hall 71 Photographic Evidence of Barracks Interiors 90 Photographic Evidence of Mess Hall Interiors 103 Furnishings Plan 111 Recommended Furnishings: Building 1059 – Barracks -
Sooner Alumni in Service
Sooner Alumni in Service (See Note on Abbreviations on Page 19) AKINS Dwight L, 42-43, A/S ALLISON James A, 40-43, A/C ANDERSON Thomas P; 406s, A Navy, Great Lakes, Ill Navy, St Marys Coll, Calif ASTU Med. Sch, Okla City AKRIGHT Franklin W, 34eng, ALLMAN Don, 39-42, Sgt AAF, ANDERSON William, 31med, Lt Fld, AACHTE Henry G, 42bus, Ensign Capt FA, Ft Bliss, Tex Sheppard Fld, Tex Col Med Corps, Foster Tex Navy, At Sea ANDRES George III, 39-41, RM AKRIGHT James R, 37law, Maj ALLMAN George Jr, 42eng, Lt ABBOTT Dessie, 42m.ed, WAVES 3/C USCG, Wilmette, III FA, Ft Sill, Okla Ord, APO Seattle, Wash ABBOTT Lynn, 31ba, Capt AAF, ANDREWS Joseph P, 43bus, OC Eagle Pass, Tex ALBERT Carl, 316a, Capt AAF, ALLTON Joe, 39-41, Pvt Rec Cen, FA, Ft Sill, Okla ABEL Dale B, 40-43, Pvt FA, Fort Washington, DC Ft Sill, Okla ANDREWS R Gerald, 32eng, Lt Sill, Okla ALBRIGHT Arnold A, 27med, Lt ALMEN, G D Jr, 42law, Lt FA, AAF, Eagle Pass, Tex ABERNATHY Kenneth, 31law, Col Med Corps, Ft George G Camp Carson, Colo ANDREWS Robinson Jr, 38-39, Lt Capt AAF, Washington, DC Meade, Md ALMOND Julius, 40-42, Lt AAF, AAF, Overseas ABERNATHY Louis V, 22law, Lt ALBRIGHT John, 41pharm, Ph Richmond, Va ANDREWS Roy, 32eng, Lt AAF, MP, Stringtown, Okla Houston, Tex APO San Francisco Ml/C Navy, ALMOND T James, 42, Lt AAF, ABERNATHY Alton C, 30med, Lt S, 40, Capt ANDROS Plato, 40-42, BM2/C ALDREDGE Edmond Pecos, Tex Corn Navy, London, England TD, Camp McCoy, Wis USCG ABERNATHY Harold, 39med, Lt ALDREDGE William, 41med, Lt ALPERN Edwin, 406us, OC Admin ANGEL Roy, 39-41 Y2/C Navy, -
Ozaki, Otokichi, 1904 - 1983 Papers, 1927 - 1988 Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii (JCCH) Resource Center Archival Collection 1 (AR 1) 7 Linear Feet
Ozaki, Otokichi, 1904 - 1983 Papers, 1927 - 1988 Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii (JCCH) Resource Center Archival Collection 1 (AR 1) 7 linear feet -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: The Ozaki papers cover the internment experience of the Otokichi Ozaki family of Hilo, Hawaii, during World War II, as well as post-war reflections on internment and Mr. Ozaki’s interests in other areas such as the movies, song lyrics, and poetry. Included in the collection are personal correspondence, lists of various internment camp internees, internment camp newspaper issues, poetry, song lyrics, radio scripts, reflection notes, news articles, as well as some internment photos and sketches. One of the strengths of the collection is the more than 350 tanka poems written by Mr. Ozaki during internment; they contribute an insider’s perspective during a key period in American history. Another is the set of Mrs. Ozaki’s letters received throughout the time the couple was separated (1941-1944). Yet another is the radio script series (beginning in 1950) which seems to be based on diaries Mr. Ozaki may have kept. The majority of items are in Japanese; many are in fragile condition. A number of papers have been translated into English. Restrictions: There are no access restrictions on the materials, and the collection is open to all members of the public in accordance with state law. However, the researcher assumes full responsibility for conforming with the laws of libel, privacy, and copyright which may be involved in the use of this collection. Biography: Otokichi Ozaki was born in Ikegawa-cho, Kochi-ken, Japan on November 1, 1904, and came to the island of Hawaii at the age of 12 to join his parents.