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E S Y E L C K a N - U I O d T I Y R E A E R D R T S A T A N R p D N A CT M S A S V t I S E R O T A G E N M S A A NC T I G S D V N A I C O S E T E O N B M E K Y D I L E E A S U i N I F S D I A M s U O A HT T A I E C ER AN T T A P z C N R A N AN o W T - U E M A M F O O I of I S E P U s I S G S i N O E B R C AV S L T T D G O O M A R I T R : T n RK P R M A S S M S N R R s M I E I , OF I H Y I R e GI I G U U T L I G A I A A N N F I S A F S U D U P A R G O O s E , A O ng C P A S I V V H L n N A S T O E E s - S G E H T S S N i D N C S M R A E / RI C AS P i P S E R N E N O M C T G I Y E l D s C N T P o W N C A Q T S I A E E O E T T I Y O O L I i k P R R T FO E R U N WAT T U V E L H S e S O E OF U T N M R I U m E P T T T T A K U N E S H c O I A N E A E N t A I L R P N L M A I T O A R E P I H A A N T S O E T- E A N e I S a a A S T F I T T G T SY L L - E SS L C R I R N E I F R NT S I E DA A R E N T E L R S N N E I L T A S N n M F E c r D A T S I - N M y : I C P I L EN S O A N T S I N L Y P B i V E A A I G E T C t R T Z P S I T T O A E S S T s O H l I F E TI R E I N N A N I E L D W M IN IN N E F U N N T R t S N O DO R EN L O O A F F N H D TH GE O C p A I O - G Y A G M O NC IN V E E A N e S U W r O VAL - T I N T T U S R I M N U m Y p U T D M C R I S E S S A o R S E N I T A H T H R G M D , L U T N ER I T S G N M E O T O A E O T s I F I A A E B O T T N O A R D E R N F IN A H C N G NT E Y IS E N I H O Y O F D O T ER N V D R J V LI E S N N D S T M E E I A R Y A C L U S I Veronica V. A O O I R Badescu N D ME E E I A E E C e Paul T. Beery N E C L I MI M H G N J M F P - Michael H. Brody RES N V ME S T W E E E L N R C n Kenneth A. Bogdan E O M T O P T R H U O I N T H BA A EN L T M L F W EC ME T I L t Jason A. Brunton I V L P E S E E A R E IN L S E N S T E R RE A F I T A S R E A O e Nancy Casper E U Y L N N O T R I T G T U r H P U D T S P N R D F S M A A T D M P M S E R Robert A. SO F I O R DeFilippo T S E R N N N R O E E I A R A E D M V E O IO F R F L O D O T IS NT O SU Mark D. I A T E T P O N Fingerholz I A SH O A S , INT F IT E E IN N G E T CE F A T V S D S Charlotte M. U L R IN T R a M N F IS - T N E RS .S E E T E E Gerhart P G O I U OR I T I E . L C H E S A G E M N O D A U N S NG T T S R D U E E T N U ME Robert C. Ginn I , Y I P O O N C LI R 10 C IO S N E P I D , P L L N M R IN C T U O G I S U N T I N O T S A K D A A O E H P U EN T E R HE V I U I OR Glen R. Grogan O U R RO N Y V + I E TI T S MI S NE N D D C R S S D T in TE C E T P O DE I EL A E 1 O IE L E D a MOT E RE T Y L S M N U Z Jerry M. Guo R D S N N N r E RT - IT A H A N A V TAI T H 2 N IT E E A A g D I E S L L N OR J I T R E S S C A IL D D ST e U N RR H Y E N O T I : Sophia D U S F- RES B R E I t C G A IN T R O Kostopoulos U L MO U G H a S O AN John I. Actkinson S D A l I A R M I N Eugene A. Albin B T B A C AN T IN R I E 3 G E NF Ben L. Anderson MP R A H u S I N Christopher M. O O R R Y N O T I N 2 S Phuong N. Lam Beuligmann TA E O G m E S G : Frederic A. R S O E S O i L W N E M T U P T L Borries IL ’ N C N D Y I T R F N S A R A R Erik K. Bray A E L S S P A Y O A C L N O TI U Francis G. P L N L IO o AN O F G E O Jeremy L. Britt IN M C U E Y P T t IN R E F N L IT C M E McDougall I V U L N A F A Y C K F N F T Y E N Richard M. Camaren H R F F A O O T ID R C OR IN Y S E C Andrew L. Carcich– C E ONI E N I T IN ds LI E C O Y I S Crystal A. Ronald D. , G D A T S M o I I N T U L O M E Cappellini, Jr. P S E A I L B E N TY T S U L F S McGruder s IN H EN S R h A H N T- - R M F A Gregory S. X N - M Y O t T T F E Cardwell– E A T R TE e S O M IR L AD : AN EF OR NE R SS ER EL OR EM AL T E m IN F AN E IN I N D Scott A. McKenzie Francis J. Carmody T E G V F G N N D AI AG D E NE EX FO UV S CK IN E NA CO Y lo NAL AN H L E IT R Joseph J. Cervi S L N A T r O E OM UR EM P R SS T- S T ER A TA AT I MA R D LI a TI C E E E AR ES T Ramsey Meyer T M O- E N A c A O LA O NT TM P H GE E David J. Cheney A R G E A U e UL E ND F S E ON RO N F STI C IN G ATH D Q t D TH I Y N D E F Brandon J. Cobb P D E N n O I S MA ST T E UG R EC David W. Panhorst E MI O E W OW mo s M ON NT EC GI EM CH RS H AT T A EL MA L al ND S K EG UR NA A IE S IO S Scott F. Cole V OWL ND OM F tic et A ON OR RA ITY TIO S F- TAN N O Phuong N. Phan, DE N A C EL e m Y HO TW TI N IT O R N Karen E. Myers Brian D. Cumming K T N in d OR E ON E : F D E Aric L. McElheny E A k YP N O NT E PE FI AR Q A T S UN l re HE T AX H F E XA R C D U Brett R. Poirier E T e e T F M ome T RP MI TAI ER IZ IR Pornchai Davidson IMA UB - ll wd D O WI la RA RIS NING NS ’S ED EM CL C ND ra po IEL CT A L nd INI E T EV E Benjamin D. E I a F PA aw - N O A T N Paul W. Poteete Deckert L W p in IM IN - Se G FO IN LU RA TS BI D, ly g AN E RS de En cu CIVI UN TE AT IN F Gregory L. O E e in ME H E ca f r D R I IN O Descovich M E iv r S T IB s or ity LI AT A ON G R Caroline Ross P s e , N G CR Ca ce AN IO GE O A S as nt NS SIO IN BS n TW m S N N F N Prosch– Cory A. Dixon - m i IO U R U i O ent tra AND AL CY T D OW s AT TR DU S es MIS A te M F EM HE L ng nd UL S LE ad S ge gi I L E Michael C. Biasotti yi a M IN IC BI Bl ION nc c LIT AW RG CIT Sean R. Dubbs pl SI E ST MO r S, y Pla AR S EN YW ap th L IN RI so EC ONE n Y IN CY ID ow CA AL E OF res ON S fo DIS AM E David Carabin Charles A. Fulmer gr RI OH ACT NG mp OMIC EC r AS E RE E RM AR KI Co ION ST S RET the TE RIC SPO UM HE CH RAC on ECT ACE ATE OF SE N R R A’ NS Chad E. Geis N T N RAM T s ET RF S W FIS RV on ES S E Tristin J. Collins OF EA OG ED w D SU ES HER ICE -M PO OC PR ANC Flo MINE ON N SUB T C Y : T aj ND Robert C. Griffith R C al R NS O WA OAS FAIL HE or ER AI IFI ENH ion FO IO IONS Y C T CH UR VA , L S John M. Esposito AC OR sit D DUCT RIAT IN HE I E: LU oc Scott A. Harvey P F RE VA TEGR MICA NOO THE E O al, E Tran METHO RY TE ATE L D K S FA F EM of ING NTO LIMA , A ETE ALM LL THE Judson M. Freed SCH ER VE C AS ND CTI ON OF IN Aaron M. Hay ion ILT IN UAL UGH SESS IMPL ON: (ON TH VE igat -F ARD ANN IC HRO ING EM A CO E ST Leonard H. st SE BO TER CIF S T P TH EN PR RHY K IGA Mark A. Hebert e OI ON IN PA ES ROT E E T A OPOSE NC ING TI Guercia, Jr., Inv N F O TH ROC ECTIN FFE DE D US —A VE IVE T O AL T OR N P G RE CTIVE TECT SYS TS NAL MIS ECT PAC SON ERN N UATIO C SPON NES -T TE HAW YSI SIO Amy D. Heck– FF IM SEA ST VAL G ount DERS S OF O-W M P YTS S O N Brad A. Halsey N E THE TRA E WE D E ELIN er-R IMME CUR ARN ROCE CHA F U A ING F IN TH T AN UNN Le adic DIATE REN CA SS ) NITE Jason R. IFY TS O S IN TES DER: T arn aliza LY T NY PAB TO D Henderson ENT TS AC ION THE MAN ed fr tion AFTER C EM ILITY DES Richard Harlow ID ATAN IMP RMAT IN COM om : Be DE ER T IGN Michael L. MB HE FO NS ED TH Abro st P TONA GENC O SA , CO G T NE GAI BARK F E VUL ad ract TION O Y RE VE Holihan ELIN YCLO YING AN EM ICT O NERA ices F AN SPON LIVE Michael J. Hoshlyk MOD L C ANTIF SIS OF AN DISTR NE BILI in IMP SE S Bryan Y. Hong ICA QU ALY C2) S L GIN W EYE TY OF the U ROVIS STR TROP LLY D AN OL ( ELES E SAN S FOR SOCIA nite ED NU ATEGY TICA BASE CONTR d WIR IN TH BAD L NE d St CLEA IN Joselito S. Ignacio NALY IES- AND SiFIe OADS BIOSU GUYS TWORK ates R DE David J. Huber A ILIT AND CLAS ON R tal RVEILL ING M and VICE APAB OMM AN UN IEDS TA rnmen I ANCE T EDIA Lesso C TING C OSS S OF IC DA -Gove NCREAS ECHNO AND T ns Robert J. Ingram Stephanie A. PPOR A ACR RISK TRAFF th Non ED IN LOGY: HE Johnson SU DAT AND ORCE t Wi FORMAT PROVID INSIDE RNET TERNS LUE F Interac HOM ION SHA ING SI R THR SIP G PAT ING B d to ELAND- RING TUATIO EAT: Amin G. Kosseim– Eric J. Lednicky TIFYIN CE US repare t? SECURIT NAL AW IDEN PROVIN tter P ronmen ENVIRO Y ORGAN ARENESS MAND Be Be ct Envi NMENT IZATIO TH Erik R. Marshburn HEL icers onfli S NS: DES ROUGH John J. Lenkart n Off ost-C IGN CON How Ca In a P TINGENCIE zations ion ORING ON THE S IN CO Adam M. Matthews Organi SSIFICAT RK MONIT FENCE: (R MPLEX Jasie K. Logsdon ASE CLA FOR NETWO E) GUARDIN XT DISE UIPMENT G AMERICA David M. FREE-TE RMINAL EQ ’S SOUT Matvay, Jr.– T IN TE COMPOS HWEST BO James D. Madia NMP AGEN in ITE ARTISTRY RDER GING AN S tive Models MEETS FAC Craig A. Maxey LEVERA M ting Cogni USE OF FA IAL-RECOGNI NAVY SATCO s for Popula CIAL-RECOGN TION TECHN Jeffrey W. Magram OF U.S. pment Tool ITION TECH OLOGY: EX Daniel C. a Develo NOLOGY TO IDEN PLORING THE rison of Dat State and Loca TIFY COMPOSITE McKaughan Compa l Homeland-Secur IMAGES Tracy L. al Simulation ity Officials: W Montgomery Robert D. Soci ALS What Do They Do? ho Are They and IN SPACE PROFESSION McLaughlin, Jr.– HE NAVY’S INVESTMENT Jason P. Nairn OPTIMIZING T Clint W. Miller ID PRECISION TARGET LOCALIZATION TO HIGHWAY SECURITY: FILLING THE VOID EVALUATION OF HRI PAYLOADS FOR RAP Tracy S. Russillo Glenn A. Miller– PROVIDE INFORMATION TO THE TACTICAL WARFIGHTER CTRL+ALT+DELETE: IVILIAN PROTECTION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC UNDERSTANDING THE NEED TO INTERRUPT THE JIHADI William F. Leslie A. Mintz– DEFENSE-SECTOR REFORM AND C INTERNET Sweeney, Jr. OF THE CONGO Laura Jean Gregory C. Thompson Morrison MOBILE CUBESAT COM INABILITY CHALLENGES MAND AND CONTROL: ASSEMBLY AND RITIME SECURITY: SUSTA Kenneth B. LESSONS LEARNED U.S. MA Christian M. Van Myrick II – COASTA d’s Alstyne L BATHYMETRY U r the National Guar PR SING SATELLITE OBS d methods fo Matthew J. Nye EPARATION O ERVATION IN SU ential standards an F THE ENVIRONME PPORT OF INTELLIGEN Pot OOR Bryan D. Watts ... NT CE ponse force USING AN IND PRECONDIT homeland-res ROTOR UAVS Matthew Pawlenko IONER CIRCU HMS FOR QUAD IT ANALYSIS OL ALGORIT Ahmed A. Alrowaei OF CONTR research IN THE Douglas W. TEGRATION DERIVA IN LATION Pearman TION OF NMENT D SIMU Karamitros RIVER SOR ENVIRO DELING AN BATHYMET SEN IN MO Apostolos Shawnoah Pollock EVALU RY USIN ECHANISM ATING TR G IMAGERY ADVANCE M SENSORS ENSEMB OPICAL C FROM UN TIME- THz Erdal Arslan LE OF YCLON MANNED FECT OF ATERIAL Matthew A. Porter ENSEM E FOREC , AERIAL THE EF R Bi-M REP BLE PR AST TRA VEHICLES ATES FO RESEN EDICTIO CK UNCE OLAMIN USING A Claudio C. Hartley A. TING T N SYS RTAINT NAN ADC de Moraes– RUST TEMS Y USIN G METAL RSNS SING Postlethwaite V ANALY IN CO G A GRA BSORBIN OTONIC TOR U E SIS O GNITIVE ND HLY A A PH MULA Erik S. Roberts LEC F TH SOC HIG GE OF ING SI Carsten Fehse TRON E PIEZ IAL SI IC RAN ANDL MOBIL OELE MULATI DYNAM SHIPH PAR ITY T CTRIC ONS THE ASED Gerardo Sanabria Michael D. Ryan ALL RAN EFFE TENDING OACH ME-B EL R SISTOR CT AT EX APPR A GA Gaitan V ECEIV S RF B TATION S FOR OR Kamryn M. IRTUA ER S IAS IN EGMEN ALYSI G F Sakamoto TE LIZA YSTE GAL S AN E DELIN Christian Klaus CHN TION M FO LIUM TASK GIN MO Thomas A. OL OF R NIT AND E EN ENT aff OGY AEGI ALTER RIDE H DESIGN E GAM SESSM Seigenthaler ecti TO T S: A NATE IGH SOURC Y AS Chun-Yi Liu Nati ng r HE S STUD ALA EN ILIT Luis F. Socias on efo UR Y O MOU AN OP UITAB N moment DE s Pe rm: FACE F THE TI SP S S IG VEL ac Ex N F AC TURE TION DES Marcelo Vellozo H OP ekee pla AVY’S EASIB E-T RUC OLU HIP Magalh�es Philip J. Starcovic IGH ME p inin M ILI IME FRAST ING S NT S S -P NT ing g t OST TY OF BLOC IN UT ATA OGIE R FA ERF OF Oper he K COM APP K C COMP OMB OL FO William Phillips ILU OR NA at in PLE LY ODE OUD IN C TOP ON A Fredrik Maxen M RE MA NOP ions gdom X A ING O S CL CT PH ISSI IN Stillman III OBIL AN NCE ORO in of UTOM PEN IMPA GRA SM ING T ITY ALY LI US Com Cam ATE -AR ES ED RAN RK NS, Charalampos Michael J. Theoret ele T SIS THIU CAR par bod D-W CHIT IV MIZ T WO IO Menychtas c RAN , M BI at ia EA ECT ERNAT OPTI WER NET ICAT E in omm SIS SIM -IO DE- ive ’s C PON URE LT PO N TIV Christopher K. th u T UL N D Co on SY A H ON SS OF MMU PEC e nic OR ATI BA ERIV nte trib STE RC E UE CO RS Sofia I. Miranda Tuggle US Do ati S ON, TTE ED xt uti M SEA IREL AL OGY SS PE IN min on AN RIE CA ons TIC R W E V OL ELE ISH ON Michael G. Tyree G V ica Po D S RBO to ILIS FO TH TOP WIR ED M OIC n lic MOD N E Unit BAB NNA SES ION AL A SW COM Elison Montagner TU E- Rep y i ELI LEC ed PRO TE AS AT TIC S: ’S Daniel G. Upp R O ub n NG TR REC S TO NIC AC ION ION BIN VE lic the OF ODE D LE C MU R T AT N Javed Iqbal Khan E R- C G S VE IC RI M FO UL U Michael A. I an a AL FO PRO VEH ET CO ES SIM AN IC Niazi IN NT INT d rib LI R IM IR Y M OL CH M PE AST Violette TE ER ER Ha be UM AN D A IT TR OA TE RO CE? H Stamatios GR AC NE iti an NIT E BIL ON PR YS EU EN OC Adam P. Walters T A TI T : R ANN APA C K AP N S E RG ST Orfanos-Pepainas HE TIN ON PR A C IDE UNM C AND OR ATIO TH VE G P U G WI OT om HI ODE D TW UL D DI IN Christopher L. RO S SP T OCO par GH N AN NE SIM AN OR US Ozkan Ozcan Webster I FI E AC H L is EL EL OMM OF ON S N S NIT LE OF E- A T on EC NOV C SIS ATI RNS SU TIO OR n Savannah G. T IA S A E PU O of TRO AL ALY NIC CE N MA S iA R Nattaphum Welch O L IN U N LS CR T N ER AN U ON SE R EN IT E Paepolshiri C D TO AB E EA el N E MM C N O S A W Nathan J. Winters R IR E R N LE D T e GE TIV CO Y CO INF Z H PO IS C S IV OM D E E com A T IT : T S: Friedrich IS K U IG E O TO TR m AR IN R Y E R N Robert M. L Y M N R U WE N UE u P JO CU IC T E O ND Schoettelndreyer A V A S S A n OM Y E L LE H TI I Zaborowski N IN E A TI E ic A C D B S PO P RA A 10 W F D VA NT ND AN VE PO ON ND ati E - Y E R 0 Joseph M. Collins l S D H N - o AT L IT COM T PE 2 OR G Haldun Sifa u , SI J C E I S CO T ns ALID IONA UR IN L, O IN F IN id 19 ON U ON S CL INT M O- V T C A S Dionisio G. Cooper In - 7 S N C T E B NA SE ER ON RI SE D OR U v 8 : GL E UAR S O US EN K D ND SI TE ON OO T S Georgios Varelas U e St - D E PT F T TO D E N U S A P L A M Gabriel D. Diaz N s r 1 E - IE O H R SE RE A G RE M S F ER E D ti u 98 CI CA O S R E C G N IN G BI RE N NG ST E TR er g ct 2 SI F SP O UR EIG N RE R ANi GE I Y Jason C. Caldwell Chad W. Edwards P A w at u O NO O A PE IT R AN FO CY T RN S RN H NS a io r NS P PE TI RA Y FO L ND IS N A D O Christopher M. O t n e Y R A T P A EN K O E R N B Charles F. Fodera P e - M L I H EM G A TI L A A I EN O r A E AT LY ON C N T R P C D IR Harmon III – Daniel E. Good– N R o In D F I S AR IO YS E U T A IS A G V IX T e f t E FE ON M E AT S M D D N R S Joshua R. E A x e C S E C S Z E AN IN E Y F IN Robert R. Gruber EN S SKY T p a r B T A Y MI T F G E L R N Nagtzaam T IO l n a Y S F S CL I O 0 D A S A P I E Robert W. Harder RE I o c OR U E PT DOU 01 E A A H AB G N S s E t T O RI A S F N H R T Joseph D. Reale Donald J. Herod A xp i H N N O E SI 2 I P AN T G L T H io on E S A G R Y - Y UM : Kevin J. O I I I A E n l L RY Y ON L AN DI G T LaFrenier n O N N R C ic A A CL M L A L O Mark K. Morris N G E RG T E A NA U B TI P E N N Cory N. Scott b A G B U E i f E A A IC A N U A : NG M I E Rogelio S. Oregon M o L O R v tl f E L N N T A O T M I T R Jacob D. Portaro a T T R IT e y e N L D P E J D I W O H A Kristine L. Chad J. Puff I H H n c T IT E V D F NM Claiborne H. M G O Rogers rd Y A O V C D Bradley J. Sams S E Derek J. Snyder S E E t TI N A L G N O IG O ID Shelstad A R P IN M t IN E T L A I F XP F IN PE S F IR L T R A A CO L T D od o E C IN OC AR E O E O S I E V Robert M. Atkins S H IN T a CE I E M e n JU O E IT P K E K S IR N G U E IN n M N R l M D Y M UA L D G D E Y F E N I E G d P K N IN e s N M AT O Q O N N E S L I Aaron C. Bass D P D O M A I d an T U C H TR A A IT N A CE D L S AN E P I C P R ER B TI ST , d A N A- T R N U Paul D. Brister O S O O E O I R N N N FE R N A N R P F a T C N R S w R C R A O IO S U E A O A U G D T R F r I T A ol ic E AT EL E C Y Robert W. Harder T E P t W A T G AT S D F T P H IF R S s AL E L I id h A IO E R OU M E SS L IR O E O P T O , - R N AY H E R O D Gordon S. Hunter Y O S - E IV O U R T D I V T S A H A N c D S T L IG O N N A R N N R C IN F A T S N I O I U P F E T V A O A Antonio D. Jesurun, T L O E P R O c o N U P B S D A Grant B. Sharpe A K G m G DA X M N IV H N C R M A S T T b A C P F e p V N Matthew Ross A E A A S A T N P RE N A A O AL M a C O O F an o D T IS CO R M Cedrick L. G T s E M R I I N R A I C I M Stubblefield R S H G F A C s G U K E I O : IN E H I e - B T S T E Travis G. Willcox I i N E IC R E U C E T I D G N d E F t P I C F S D C g Keo S. Yang T G P E I T F A R l e U C E C F U G O Russel G. Wolff A N E O I N F T T TE Allen D. Wold o Scott Avery Scott Avery I EF LS L n Voigts O : A O N H T EE E T A A UN T i SI A G M IST S G R O R S o s A T R D M IL I N T N T M G R A A S r D L E E A R R A Q R M E , G C b N C t A R G T D K R S S M T A I E E M j Y H r G O N H D S O S E M U E E R N N T T A E S S o u B N , E L C U T L E e ED I E Y A T T I IP H r M O A N N A G SO H R N P T n c G IO E : c a t D H N D ’s N U A H e D E L N D D R A T S O E U N T V O N O O t R M u T A U N N S O T R S E N R A E T R C Y L E O I I I E T A P D T r M I E T H SM R B T D K A S A I T R I T N OR U E L T I T A H D A N Sh e X R B T S D G I T A ER G T C s E V O apt T A T A I I D E F I e E F A C I N S T L S O N F N B T A G E B A N D N N ATI S O E E E t a d N N A I E U I M O O Z I A W D P AR A T I E N G M U O l I N S N . I : N N A N E E e M A D T D E O G C N R A M R E I l A F , D E P A I T T , SI N U M M E , A .S W O I N N D L T c B PT o E T E N I A E O G T L A M A N Z L P T N V E N P S O T R N R D L U E R SE S S F B N t I w C d N I W I R N EL S C EF I L U I R S W E A D W i L S S E O E G O N N I P a T R L K O O A O E o M - V N I R I T I E FO V D I F A O E N O A C R T D T I R Y C S o H C n R A IM G R F H V E O C F W R D G E A S E S A A I F U Y Z A E R i M R U l T L C K A I S AT O I V G T S R TW G O I A O N F D M r U E a P N L E W AT S T S L S I NG N N NG A G TI y K E M L R P ER S O A O E M AL C f T t A K H T A M P V E T e R a Z E T F A E T r I e Z P I R M L D M V C N N - U O O I P H T O I A T N R r N P F s O I A T I o T e R N I L M A D N F A F C O C O T I E E O I Y E - GA D G L R M A UN R E I R W R V S m O c S : R D F FOR S E Y A D E O T N N T Y L N , O V - N H T R I E SO G U RA T a A E O E S C R E S I O A Y T I M A Q T N H A T y S A H M T T N O p A T T C R A H O E R H N U T N R AN T A S C E G H I E R O IN U E O r N S ANA e B E I Y F K AN I L S S C d P S I A O L I A E O C L N N A A O P O T M I I I r A a T P U Y L T AR IR C N D T - S S A OR T T I O O R e HO M F N

U I , O O G R C T N U A I S P C S i H D L E N N I E M , V e S T O C I M a D L E A I P E T AUDI t OF C E O M C G E P I P N L U E E I L nd T A Y E O T E l R E E v N T E C L S F FF N R A L U N B M n N DE i M H Y L S I N O M U O A M R E D MI I S M S C R O S L M E A A A I O E T N A A C V SI A A T M F e E I T C N S I I co L E TI T P M F I T E E T E G V G R E T T S m P S V O N G ns R I T O I G N M O T S T e , T H R S A D N E U N R G E R I S H R O N Y a N N F o F C E I ri A N E H R TI O I IN F O S E O I N A A G U M - L E RC g D T T C E R M N E I W O P O T o p P S S O p O R E T G S E I E F - FI VI I N I I R R e N I A O O A N S N E A T T T S A E p U I S O U s K I : D I e S R r A A R S I A N F I A N P C T - S M r U S W G Q T — R P S

R R e F R A T l G E C U M y L S K A O L A T D E B I E P E e R I U N R O Y o N E I U U A I V c A C N F F C Q A G S R N Inside:S T H L YS A D T R N i F S M O I K S I O c S X a E D N E W T G T E T S A R I I I O M E N E A E E R A A i G G h D I I F T A O D F I C O c T O A T C R T E e R E IO A B H R E T v A T e U R T T N M S M R I F N F E I P A F E h S C l E T S C C N ) E P FRE R S A P I N A T M F E V A S r E V M I T O N C A I O Y E N T S N b M A D I M S C IT V M U G N F S I E ( T e W T E O F T P M C NS S S a N D S T ( W O E V I - O I t S A 6 H T N O I NT S N G T Y T h S E H C A N T E O S S n I I L R CO S T T D D C E o U IP D T c R A I A F E A , E N L - O A D E L K T T U Y A G A A O I U R M T C O A P Y n E T C O X I M S Y R I S T L A A A L N Q I P T IE N L G T ) F O A G T M I E T S E u o D I A R P N E U H R E I V I N K U N E N F R A O a a N L C N I R N R A S I t TA S L B L S O I O A S R G I C D C A

G N I D c T P L I F C N I ( S C O H U M S U S O I T O L , N P U ST E N H R Y N A B A NI t S I A S s E CE L F E , E T AS A Z A C S I A M A T G E L U / A L A L U N i lY T E L e V O T N R ca D N E e N S N R I O C I Y I G I P W L I PA F P D E C N R A N N A ) l g A M D S T S E O I T Marine StudiesS Life Cycle Savings NA S W A H P S N O T R C I O P T S O T G b n T G l I F I M N M I O O P R L W I I I A N C R A F , T I a e L C I A A A S N E A O C D A I O E O S O H O D E H I A S O T d l O I RF N N NI A I R R : N F C V S S C M N - R T N F A RI l E F D M T C n O L A S A O : I A A i A S a SP E I E N I K O N A Z E e R N P r O N E F R A H N T E E W R T O - N S P h L N p A N A A O L E K e R R O D O E t M N I T A C M C R S L E x - T F TI O S T D N L R E C C I L A n O N A N I E O C E I R I N T P MB O L U E S R O TI T O D E A e M C B S g Y G P : A A L C R M M R , I : E A I S N u E D W n L I L O G F R E m O I U O ofB RechargeableO Batteries d A E S T O IM i O W N OL EV L MO p L E A P E B L N Y t R e P S O RP F C I D m I O S C p N H L E I A M I I s M R v K A T E U T L U T o S M UR EN A E R N o l N I EX T e A S A C E B S F L I D c A T T H A O r o O E N E D A V v A S C B R R T I I S A r C A v L L D t E M O D V Y R Y T W n L T E T N T F TI e I O P M S E U U O I O S A O C S A X E C A I v U T T H C TI E F T L T C C G I O T R H O R A T H T S U A R T F A S U T I T H A N B E n I I T E T FR OC E S L L M N I I U CA M W I D Y U N C R U R I I o T P T C M I Y K E K H F U A S G A NI E O O O R A E N E C IT S L C I O NT RO G O M S N L R R C n F E U L U A G N

P U L E S A R L E T T r O R K E L MU E B G UA S E T E I A O O L I I A u R A N N Exploring Strategies to Counter L I T Q R M S H C N P D E’ I O V t M I G E G O N D U I C A H N C H M O T - e E B A S N I R I G C T O S I R C E G R D U U A N E C I L T L G O E I N M N T E e P N T O A N F I I S T

H F O I P R P V r S G T E N I S O OR N R O u I I C T O R E I R T V N

I I A I R B A t R L A P E E T D A L S N R c T B A L I A ER

Unmanned Systems L T e A A S D U E Z S X t N O T A Y I L i T Y E O F

S N L h S A L T B E A A N c S E T O

R A N C r E A

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O S Faculty Awarded Patent on Fuel-Saving Transit Plan president’s message features At the Bottom of the World 10 NPS faculty and researchers travel to the remote, desolate Pine Island Glacier on Antarctica to study the interaction between polar ice sheets and the ocean below them.

he Naval Postgraduate School has spent a concerted effort over several years to firmly establish its Recharging the Corps 12 Marine Corps Capt. Darrell Brown studies the life cycle cost savings of using role as a research university of the highest caliber. Clearly, to educate students at the graduate level rechargeable batteries over their disposable counterparts. requires a sophisticated and robust research effort, and ours has evolved through the tireless efforts Page 10 ofT our faculty, students and staff into just that. 14 Research … In the Moment Research is an integral component to successful graduate education. In this issue, we Like those at many peer universities, our faculty have great passion for their respective areas of study, adding examine in detail just one quarter’s output of student theses, outlining the relationship Daniel T. Oliver to society’s body of scholarly knowledge through advanced research into their various fields of expertise. They between projects and their application to improving warfighter capabilities. Vice Adm., United States Navy (Ret.) also find true reward in watching their students evolve into thought leaders as they find their own distinctive President, Naval Postgraduate School Unmanned Systems, On Defense research areas during their graduate studies, and all for the higher calling of improving national security. 16 Unmanned systems are well-integrated into offensive mission sets, but with their And given that we are graduating four classes of master and doctoral degree students — some 1,000 plus expanded use by friend and foe, researchers at NPS explore the use of unmanned air graduates — every year, a very unique environment is created on this campus. It’s an environment that boils vehicles in a defensive capacity. with the excitement of innovation, where professional students and their faculty advisors are, on a daily basis, Given that we are graduating Research Reports: From Faculty Patents to the World’s standing at the precipice of discovering something new. 18 Largest Coastal Radar Network four classes of master In just one quarter, three short months, another round of students will make that treasured walk that all In this month’s Research Reports, we take a brief look at Operation Research Page 16 faculty securing a patent for a fuel-saving mode of transit in addition to NPS’ and doctoral degree of our alumni know well — through Spruance Plaza and Spanagel Hall and into King Auditorium for participation in the world’s largest coastal radar network. the culmination of their studies here at the Naval Postgraduate School. And a majority of them will have students — some 1,000 completed that thesis, that addition of scholarly knowledge to the betterment of society, of national security, 20 Army Chief of Staff Odierno Explores NPS’ and of preparedness against all threats. Defense Analysis plus graduates — every year, Approximately half of the U.S. Army students attending NPS are enrolled in the In this edition of “In Review” we take a look in-depth at the impact of the research accomplished at our university’s Defense Analysis program. Chief of Staff Gen. Ray Odierno visited campus to learn firsthand more about the program. a very unique environment university through the lens of just one quarter — this past Summer quarter of the 2011. It’s one of our larger quarters in terms of graduating students and exemplifies the sheer level of research that lives and breathes Transition Support Program Provides Custom Education is created on this campus. every day at our institution. We have outlined in careful detail the essential data of this work on the cover and 22 to Navy Flags centerspread of this issue — all 170 of the student theses submitted and approved for the award of a degree in Through NPS’ Center for Executive Education, Naval flag officers transitioning into new It’s an environment that that ceremony in late September of 2011. positions receive custom, one-on-one educational program to assist them in their new roles. boils with the excitement of Our analyses put into one picture how these projects relate to each other, where the officers and civilians who Page 20 completed this work came from, what discipline they are studying and so much more. And if you take the departments innovation, where professional time to dive into the image, you will see the names of the individuals who spent many tireless nights toiling with this often challenging effort. University News students and their faculty 4 I am compelled to note, however, there is one very important aspect to this image that is not clearly IN REVMAGAZINEIEW 7 Faculty Showcase advisors are, on a daily basis, apparent — and that is the value this research adds to accomplishing our mission of improving national Summer Graduation security. We have researchers travelling to the bottom of the world to better understand the interactions of 24 standing at the precipice of President Antarctic ice shelves with the ocean processes below them. We have students putting hard dollar figures to the Daniel T. Oliver Hall of Fame Induction life cycle costs of disposable batteries, hoping to reduce the expense, both in dollars and to the environment, Executive Vice President and Provost 25 discovering something new. Dr. Leonard A. Ferrari of what it takes to power a Marine Corps battalion. And we have active research into all aspects of unmanned Vice President, Information Resources systems — from the acquisition of two ocean-faring unmanned surface vehicles, to detailed research into and Chief Information Officer ON THE COVER defensive applications of swarming unmanned air vehicles. Dr. Christine Haska When 377 students completed their studies at NPS and walked the stage in Executive Director, Institutional King Auditorium in late September to receive their degrees, the culmination As the United States moves into a new era of defense strategy, our national security priorities evolve and shift, Planning and Communications of months of diligent work and study came to a triumphant close. And for 170 of them, that close came at the addition to the collective of scholarly and we continue to endure the challenges of ever-tightening budgets, I am thankful our university has placed Dr. Fran Horvath Director of Publications, Web Media knowledge, a student thesis. In this issue of “In Review,” we put on paper such a concerted effort on the value of research. When our students leave NPS, they leave here with not just Dale Kuska / [email protected] what one quarter of student research looks like. It’s an impressive display a degree, but empowered to be better leaders as they continue to serve the United States and their respective Senior Graphic Designer of academic output, especially considering the Naval Postgraduate School nations. And they have accomplished something else as well … they have added to our society’s collective of Gretchen Miller produces four graduating classes every year. knowledge, creating new discoveries while improving national security. Indeed, there are few experiences in Contributing Writers / Photographers the professional realm that I would hold in as high regard. Joan Ackerman, MC1 Leonardo Carrillo, Javier Chagoya, MC1 Rob Rubio, Amanda D. Stein naval postgraduate school 1 University Circle For more information about NPS, visit the new Monterey, CA 93943 NPS NewsCenter at www.nps.edu/news. For free subscription (831) 656-1068 / [email protected] information or to submit your comments or suggestions on “In Review” magazine, contact [email protected]. Published by the Office of Institutional Advancement university news university news

Transportation Security Homeland Defense and Security workforce and the security Glen Woodbury. “Since the TSA’s it’s great to see how this institution step for the future,” said Bruner. Administration Chief (CHDS) and NPS leadership. He operations of more than 450 own creation, the organization continues to get better.” “It’s not just the specific degree and Visits NPS, CHDS also was among the guests of honor federalized airports throughout the has sent its current and emerging Bruner answered questions the knowledge associated with the Transportation Security at the school’s fall graduation U.S., Pistole praised NPS’ efforts, leaders to CHDS programs, and about future changes in the degree, it’s really bigger than that, Administration Chief John Pistole ceremony, presenting diplomas to noting that education was key to provided invaluable expertise to curriculum, as well as the changing it teaches them how to think and was on the Naval Postgraduate a cohort of CHDS graduates that making TSA a more dynamic and national strategy and policy for requirements for the Navy. He also how to approach problems and its capable organization. homeland security.” emphasized the importance and going to provide a phenomenal “One of the key enablers for the value of the time students spend at return on investment for the Navy TSA becoming a high-performing Alumnus Returns NPS. “The lessons that are learned and for the county both.” organization is how we train to Campus for USW here at the Naval Postgraduate and give additional educational Curriculum Review School put the officers in great University Assists Nepal opportunities to our workforce,” NPS Meteorology/Ocean- in Defense Institutional Nepalese defense delegation at NPS in December said Pistole. “NPS gives us the ography alumnus and Director, Reform opportunity to give our workers Undersea Warfare Division (N87), A senior Nepalese defense Established in 1994, NPS’ capacity building in the defense additional training to equip them Rear Adm. Barry L. Bruner, returned delegation, led by the Nepalese CCMR is the Department of ministries of U.S. partner nations. to become future leaders.” to campus in November for a series Secretary of Defense, paid a Defense locale for expertise in NPS, and its CHDS, offered of student briefings and faculty visit to the Naval Postgraduate strategic, operational and academic Students Help Monterey Pistole a unique training discussions, part of the Undersea School’s Center for Civil Military dimensions of civil-military Fight Fire with … environment where students would Warfare curriculum review. Relations (CCMR) for a week relations. It was established with Algorithms have access to real-world scenarios During the presentation, of collaborative work within the mission to meet the needs of Operations Research students, and the guidance of field experts Bruner spoke about his time at the Defense Institution Reform emerging democracies, providing Marine Corps Capt. David Coté Transportation Security Administration Chief John Pistole was on the NPS campus for a series of meetings and briefings with members of the Center for Homeland with information and training that NPS and the improvements in the Initiative (DIRI). The visit was advanced education to both and Maj. Tom Dono, used data Defense and Security and NPS leadership. no other institution could provide. university’s programs that he has part of the ongoing process foreign and U.S. civilian and provided by Monterey Fire’s “The center was established to seen over the years. “It is great to of restructuring the Nepalese military parties. administration in order to model School campus for a series of included several TSA employees. provide graduate level education be here at NPS,” he noted. “The Ministry of Defense with support DIRI is an Office of the Secretary the most effective use of apparatus, meetings and briefings with With the responsibility of to senior homeland security two years that I spent here were Director, Undersea Warfare Division of the U.S. government through of Defense initiative developed manpower and response scenarios members of the Center for overseeing a 60,000-strong officials,” said CHDS Director two of the best years of my life, and Rear Adm. Barry L. Bruner the DIRI program. to provide support for strategic continued on page 6

NPS Explores Joint Research, Education Programs of NPS’ National Security Institute. bringing DRDO and Defense Institute for Advanced Technology (DIAT) “So geopolitically, I think that leaders to NPS this past September of 2011 to give leadership a chance with India’s Peer Defense Institutions building a relationship, and NPS to outline specific areas for collaboration and on the future goals of the contributing to that relationship, partnership. DIAT is India’s equivalent to NPS, a graduate-level degree A new and promising partnership between NPS and India’s peer are protected,” he noted during a is important.” granting educational institution, and is part of the DRDO. defense institutions has emerged in response to U.S. leaders calling for visit to India in Apr. 2010. In early 2011, NPS President “Since our initial visit to India, the Letter of Accord, and now with collaboration between the two countries. Last year, President Barack As an institution focused on Dan Oliver traveled to India to sign the recent proposal with DIAT, I have been very pleased to see the Obama recognized India as a growing global force, and a U.S. ally in defense-relevant education, a Letter of Accord with the DRDO progress we have made in this effort,” said Oliver. “We have a solid plan meeting the challenges of the future. research and advanced Director General Dr. V. K. Saraswat, in place to fully utilize subject matter experts from both institutions, “In Asia and around the world, India is not simply emerging; India technologies, NPS saw an outlining the plan to pursue joint delivering to both our students and theirs, a comprehensive and global has already emerged,” said Obama in a speech to the Indian Parliament opportunity to advance the efforts in research and education. perspective on defense studies. And I believe an important note is that at the Parliament House in New Delhi, Nov. 2010. “And it is my firm belief partnerships between the two “We saw an opportunity to this is a partnership that still remains in its early stages.” that the relationship between the United States and India — bound nations — to use its faculty connect with India’s defense Executive Vice President and Provost Dr. Leonard Ferrari, co-chair of by our shared interests and values — will be one of the defining expertise in nearly every aspect institutions not only because we the Executive Committee and a strong supporter of the collaboration, partnerships of the 21st century. This is the partnership I have come of national security operations have similar concerns — national echoed that sentiment. here to build. This is the vision that our nations can realize together.” to help develop a partnership A delegation from the India Integrated Defence Staff tours a research lab during a campus security, counter-terrorism, “Our latest visit with the Indian delegation was a great success. Former Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Gary Roughead, echoed the in education and research with visit. A new and promising partnership between NPS and India’s peer defense institutions has economic stability — but because We were able to outline a solid plan for the future of this partnership, sentiments of the President, noting that the waterways surrounding India’s Defense Research and emerged in response to U.S. leaders calling for collaboration between the two countries. an academic partnership allows with very specific educational and research objectives in mind,” said India are a crossroads for global commerce, communication and Development Organization for the sharing of intellectual Ferrari. “As defense-based research institutions, I believe both sides transportation. Maintaining a secure maritime domain in the region is (DRDO), the nation’s single research institution supporting all branches resources of benefit to both organizations,” said Oliver. “We already have see tremendous value in developing these kinds of international a focus of both U.S. and Indian military leadership. of their Armed Forces. Indian students enrolled in our resident programs at NPS, and while we collaborations, capitalizing on the unique strengths of our respective “We have many mutual interests as nations — from democracy to “We currently only have two Indian students studying at NPS. India certainly have the capacity to increase this number, we also felt we had a institutions’ students and faculty. This partnership is still young, but we free trade to maritime security — and it is in the interests of American is a nation that has a population of 1.2 billion people. They are the successful existing relationship upon which we could build and expand.” have already seen some very rewarding results and I am confident that and Indian citizens that we come together to see that these interests largest democracy in the world,” explained Dr. Chuck Kimzey, Director The conversation has continued since Oliver returned from India, the value of this effort will only continue to build with time.”

4 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 5 university news faculty showcase

NPS Chief of Staff, Air Force lead to paths they may never have NSA Professor Releases In coauthoring “Maras,” Bru- Col. Zoë Hale, presented opening previously considered.” Two Books on Diverse neau collaborated with Lucia remarks to the girls, talking about Subjects Dammert of the Global Consor- her own career in the service, and Transformative Education National Security Affairs Dis- tium on Security Transformation how she came to be in her current Forum Brings Educators tinguished Professor Dr. Tom Bru- and Elizabeth Skinner of NATO’s role at NPS. Hale was one of many Together from Diverse neau’s extensive research and col- Allied Command Transformation career women on hand at the event Backgrounds laborative efforts resulted in two in collecting a series of essays and to encourage the participants, Sponsored by the Office of works that tackle distinctly unique studies from multiple experts in from grades 5–10, to start thinking the Under Secretary of Defense topics of national defense and civil- the study of the history, organiza- about potential future careers. “I for Policy and the Office of Naval military relations. tion and propagation of the Mara was very pleased to have been part Research Global, select Naval Bruneau recently authored “Pa- Salvatrucha and the 18th Street of the EYH Conference, helping to Postgraduate School leaders, faculty triots for Profit: Contractors and the gangs that originated in Los An- encourage and support these young and researchers participated in the Military in U.S. National Security” geles and have been growing in ladies … After all, they might one Transformative Education Forum and “Maras: Gang Violence and Se- prominence and influence in the day be studying or working in labs (TEF) in Monterey, bringing curity in Central America,” delving United States and North and Cen- Three Monterey Fire Department firefighters are pictured following a final project briefing by Marine Corps students Capt. David Coté, right and Maj. Tom right here at NPS,” she said. together educators from all over into two very different topics. tral America, and are becoming in- Dono, second from left. “EYH provides chances for the world to discuss the concepts of In “Patriots for Profit,” Bruneau creasingly more dangerous. young women to meet female education in today’s global climate. takes an in-depth look at the issues continued from page 5 outstanding group of professionals. role models and learn firsthand “This conference, and the concerning the replacement of mili- Faculty/Student Team Professor Clay Moltz for the city’s protection against I cannot thank them enough for all about how they chose careers, entire Global Challenges Forum tary forces, in recent conflicts, with Wins MILCOM’s Best Pa- Explores “Asia’s Space Race” structural fires. their help,” he noted. civilian or military, in one of the effort, was recently established as per Award As the final project for their fall many different STEM fields they a non-profit foundation in Geneva NPS Computer Science Profes- National Security Affairs Associate Professor J. Clay Moltz 2011 Networks and Flows course, Hands-on Activities represent and are now actively with the support of Mr. Talal Abu sor Geoffrey Xie, recent graduate explores Asia’s space programs and the dangers of a growing OA4202, Coté and Dono modeled Engage Young Women in engaged in,” explained Dr. Dave Gazaleh, of Amman, Jordan,” said Lt. Scott Huchton, and Assistant militarization of the space race in his most recent book, “Asia’s and analyzed the fire department’s STEM Fields Nickles, NPS Director of Research NPS Executive Vice President and Professor Robert Beverly were Space Race: National Motivations, Regional Rivalries, and network on the Monterey Through the Expanding Your Communications and Outreach, Provost Dr. Leonard Ferrari. “Our awarded the 2011 Fred W. Ellersick International Risks.” Peninsula using a minimum- Horizons (EYH) Conference in and the conference organizer. “It hope is to hold these international Military Communications (MIL- Moltz, former deputy director of the Monterey Institute’s cost/maximum-flow algorithm. November, NPS hosted more than is one thing to read about women dialogues in different locations COM) Award for the Best Paper Center for Nonproliferation Studies, became active in space Through a series of experiments 100 young girls from around the scientists and engineers in their text around the world, to focus on in the Unclassified Technical Pro- security discussions in 2006 and 2007 as co-coordinator of two that simulated interdicting fire specific, but important, global gram, presented at the MILCOM conferences on the topic, one in France and the other in Japan. He stations and simultaneous fires, the security issues. We intend to Conference in November. Their was surprised by the stark differences between European space results of the study both validated apply that dialogue and attendee paper, titled “Building and Evalu- programs’ collaborative approach and Asia’s more secretive and and re-enforced the current experience to the security ating a k-Resilient Mobile Distrib- competitive policies. He noticed that the topic of space security distribution of fire-fighting assets challenges of the 21st century in uted File System Resistant to Device was one that Asia shied away from talking about, raising a red as regulated by Monterey Fire. order to find sets of scalable and Compromise,” looked at securing flag for Moltz. “This is a great tool that we transferrable solutions.” sensitive mobile networks that may “Everybody in Europe was speaking about the same types were [able to apply] to validate a Attendees collectively be appealing targets for adversaries. of problems, the same types of approaches, and about how system that the fire-fighting guys expressed value in the dialogue With the growing popularity of to collaborate,” explained Moltz. “In Asia, the different national use to keep citizens safe,” said Coté. that the forum provided. Dr. Moses smartphones and mobile devices, representatives did not even seem to be describing the same “This project also served to build Satralkar of the Indus Training and the question of security is always a reality. They had a great deal of mistrust. They were not very relationships with the community. Research Institute in Bangalore, cause for concern. In response to transparent about what they were willing to say about their own We used our tools as analysis — the India said, “The Transformative those challenges, the paper explores space programs. And they also did not have any real region-wide computer algorithms we learn in Education Forum has had a deep NPS National Security Affairs Distin- a prototype storage system called emphasis in their space policies. It was all national. class — to help other people make impact on me personally, since I guished Professor Dr. Tom Bruneau the Mobile Distributed File System, “It was very clear that these countries were simply not better decisions and in this case relate to your vision which I know designed to compliment existing comfortable working together in space,” he continued. “Deep- A workshop leader at the Expanding Your Horizons Conference helps par- seated historical geopolitical rivalries were a key factor driving protect others.” ticipants with their experiment during a session titled “The Hidden Code in can change the future of many civilian contractors and the effects authentication, privacy and integ- Dono was equally impressed Strawberries,” which taught the girls to extract DNA from fruit using everyday individuals and even nations. and repercussions of such strategies. rity techniques. The paper was an their space programs. And if anything, the situation seemed likely with the fire department’s household products. Your passion and commitment Bruneau raises the point that, while extension of Huchton’s thesis, and a to get worse before it was going to get better.” eagerness to share information. to the cause is inspiring. This is the military is a representation of topic that will continue to be a focus Moltz lectures frequently on this and related topics in his “Space “I just think that working with Monterey Peninsula to introduce books, but quite another to engage an excellent initiative to promote the U.S. government and controlled for the defense community. and National Security” course. He is also a frequent lecturer in the Monterey Fire Department and encourage them to explore with the real person. EYH provided social welfare through reforms in by elected representatives of the “Information, particularly in- various classes under the Space Systems Academic Group, where was an extraordinary experience. careers in the Science, Technology, these girls a chance to become education; please be assured of my American people, contractors work formation at rest, is a difficult he holds a joint appointment. “Our students need to understand Their insight into our project was Engineering and Mathematics aware of and then motivated to active involvement and support of under little public control and lim- problem for the Navy, DoD, or any the international dimension of space activity and where the major Asian space programs are headed,” he explained. instrumental, and they are an (STEM) fields. pursue courses of study that can the TEF in future.” ited legal authority. continued on page 8

6 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 7 faculty showcase faculty showcase

continued from page 7 cial Management is currently the “This new position was designed branch of the military to deal with,” largest curriculum at the business basically to expose to an interdisci- Quick Hits said Huchton. “There are a num- school for in-resident students, plinary student audience the value ber of ways to approach solving with 63 currently enrollments. of applying systems and complexity Global Public Policy Labaree noted, “This is the security issues or the resiliency During his visit, Mulloy also theory to operational and strategic Academic Group Research a great story that has issues, but they are either very ex- presented Senior Lecturer John design,” explained Porter. Associate Professor Mie never been told with such The Roots, pensive or are not computationally Mutty with the Department of He personally understands Rituals, and Augier recently released, clarity, empirical support, practical in a mobile environment the Navy Superior Civilian Ser- the value that this kind of theory Rhetorics “The Roots, Rituals, and and conceptual breadth. with limited power. I believe we’ve vice Award and medal on behalf can bring to NPS students, hav- of Change Rhetorics of Change: The book draws on the just scratched the surface with a of acting Assistant Secretary of the Operations Research Senior Lecturer Jeff Kline, right. ing received dual masters degrees North American Business Schools North American Business particular strengths and demonstration of feasibility in the Navy, Financial Management and in Computer Science and Joint After the Second World War Schools after the Second perspectives of each of thesis and a presentation of practi- Comptroller, Charles E. Cook, Kline is also active in the Cen- Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Mike Command, Control, Communica- World War,” co-authored the authors. Augier is a cal metrics and limitations in the III. While Mutty is being relieved ter for Executive Education’s Tran- Mullen, and co-wrote “A National tions, Computers, and Intelligence. with James G. March. The stunningly accomplished MILCOM paper. I think the fact after a successful eight-year-run sition Support Program, creating Strategic Narrative,” which cre- Porter hopes to work on his Ph.D. that we won the Ellersick Award overseeing the Conrad Chair, and customized analysis short courses ates a contextual narrative to help during his time here, and test out Mie Augier and book outlines the landmark intellectual historian of James G. March for best unclassified paper is a tes- 16 years as a member in the Con- for flag officers transitioning into guide future U.S. policy. systems and complexity theories in changes in business schools business school culture. tament to the hard work that went rad Scholarship Committee, he positions of increased responsibil- Porter has long contemplated potential thesis research. as they transitioned into Meanwhile, March is the into writing it,” he continued. “I’m will continue to teach in the busi- ity. One of his most active roles is complexity theory and social cog- “I wanted to be a ‘guinea pig’ sophisticated, academic preeminent organizational honored to share the award with ness school. serving as the Program Director nitive and behavioral aspects of to demonstrate the value of sys- and analytical programs. theorist, who shares a story people I so highly respect.” Mulloy also connected with for the Consortium for Robotics a strategic environment, and felt temic strategy, because I’m con- Stanford University’s David only he is fit to tell.” faculty and students on his trip, at- and Unmanned Systems Educa- that NPS was the perfect place to vinced we need to take a much Conrad Chair Honored tending meetings with NPS Presi- tion and Research (CRUSER), a explore those topics collaborative- broader approach to the complex During Navy Budget dent Dan Oliver, Undersea Warfare group chartered by Under Secre- ly in a setting where they could environment in which we operate. The Defense Resources program budgeting, multi- Chief’s Visit to Campus Chair retired Rear Adm. Jerry Ellis, tary of the Navy Robert Work. have a tangible and lasting impact Not only that, I genuinely believe Management Institute year costing, and evidence- Rear Adm. Joseph Mulloy, the Vice Provost for Academic Affairs Kline explained what an honor on research and education. in the quality of the faculty here, (DRMI) conducted its first based decision making. Chief of Naval Operation’s Direc- Dr. Doug Moses, Vice President it was to join OR colleague, Dr. With the support of Mullen, the intrinsic value of the school, mobile course ever in Twenty-two participants, tor of Fiscal Management, pre- for Finance and Administration Rick Rosenthal, the 2000 recipi- who took Porter’s idea to Secre- and the unparalleled excellence Colleen Nickles, and GSBPP Dean ent of the INFORMS award, as the tary of Defense Leon Panetta, the of the student body,” said Porter. Yerevan, Armenia, Oct. 3–14. including members of the Dr. Bill Gates. second NPS faculty member to re- NPS Chair of Systemic Strategy “You have this dedicated group of The DRMI team included Armenia Ministry of Defense, ceive the honor. and Complexity position was es- really smart students with real- team leader Dr. Bob McNab, Ministry of Policy, Ministry Operations Research Se- “I am honored to receive the tablished. Having only recently world experience. I can’t think of Dr. Ryan Sullivan and of Territorial Administration, nior Lecturer Wins Distin- Institute for Operations Research settled into his new office here on many other places anywhere in Lecturer Luis Morales. The National Security Council, guished INFORMS Award and Management Science Teach- campus, Porter has already hit the the world where you would have course included a variety and General Staff, attended The Institute for Operations ing of Practice Award,” noted ground running, connecting with the same quality of students with of topics ranging from the course. Research and the Management Kline. “We are the only college to professors across departments to that rich experiential background Sciences (INFORMS) recently receive this award twice and to fol- explore areas for systemic strategy capable of pursuing — in an inter- awarded NPS Operations Re- low in Dr. Rosenthal’s footsteps is and complexity to be incorporated disciplinary environment — prob- search Senior Lecturer Jeff Kline a professional privilege. I thank into lectures and courses. lem sets of global significance.” The university recently research center has a long- the 2011 INFORMS Prize for the the NPS OR department for giving established the Center for term vision of building a Teaching of the Operations Re- me the opportunity to provide in- search and Management Science struction to our junior and senior Decision, Risk, Controls group of faculty with the Chief of Naval Operation’s Director (OR/MS) Practice. officers on how to use analysis to and Signals Intelligence most relevant expertise of Fiscal Management, Rear Adm. Joseph Mulloy The prestigious award recog- better national decision making.” (DRCSI) as part of an effort in strategic systems and nizes Kline’s commitment to OR/ by the university and DoD signals intelligence that sented a briefing on the current MS and his many contributions Former CJCS Adviser to promote advanced can come together to Navy budget strategy in Ingersoll to students in the field. A retired Capt. Wayne Porter Joins mathematical research to address long-term, high-risk Hall, Nov. 29. In his position, N82 Navy captain, Kline has taught NPS Faculty meet and overcome the research in these technical on the CNO staff, one of Mulloy’s OR at NPS, offering a campaign The NPS community recently technological challenges of areas. Student research responsibilities includes serving as analysis course for junior-level welcomed alumnus Capt. Wayne the future. Led by Research support will also be a critical the the curriculum sponsor for the graduate students, as well as a Porter as the new Chair of Sys- Professor of the Office of component of the new Financial Management curricu- capstone sequence for distance- temic Strategy and Complexity lum in Graduate School of Busi- learning students. He also teach- under the Global Public Policy Dr. Sivaguru S. Sritharan the Dean of Research, Dr. center’s mission. Sivaguru S. Sritharan, the ness and Public Policy (GSBPP), es an elective series to mid-level Academic Group. Porter most and will return in April of this officers at the Naval War College recently served as the special stra- Capt. Wayne Porter, the new Chair of Systemic Strategy and Complexity under the year for a program review. Finan- in Newport, R.I. tegic assistant to Chairman of the Global Public Policy Academic Group. 8 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 9 unique instrumentation is to be deployed will allow oceanographers and the whole system.” glaciologists to make a huge leap forward in the understanding of the But in spite of the harsh conditions and unknown variables, the team critical interactions of water and ice along the underside of a major Ant- is happy to finally get the chance to see their equipment in action, and arctic ice shelf.” looks forward to the potential understanding that researchers can get Stanton has made several trips to the Antarctic throughout his career, from the data gathered. The team expects that several NPS students will each time work- be active in analyz- ing to improve his ing the data, pos- equipment design sibly using it in and data collec- The whole objective is to try to take measurements and observations in theses, once it starts tion methods. this extraordinarily remote system that will allow us to better model that transmitting back to The NPS gear has Monterey. been designed to system and contribute to computer models that help predict what might “It has been an fit down through happen in the future.” interesting experi- the narrow, deep Tim Stanton ence being involved holes the group Research Professor of Oceanography in this project,” said will be melting Stockel. “We have through the ice put a tremendous sheet specifically for this research project. The equipment includes three amount of time and energy into preparing for this opportunity and now main components: an Ocean Flux Profiler, a Fixed-Depth Ocean Flux we have our chance to try to pull it off.” package, and a surface infrastructure system. The team will use a hot-water system to drill the two 20cm diameter Follow the Pine Island Glacier Research Team holes into the 500m thick ice shelf, where they will then lower the ocean At press time, the research team had finally secured flux profiler. Once it reaches the underside of the glacier, the profiler will transport to the remote Pine Island Glacier. To get the lat- be left in place to measure temperature, salinity and vector currents of est updates, blogs from the team, photos and more from the water flowing within the ocean cavity. The equipment has been de- Antarctica, visit the Pine Island Glacier research website. veloped over four years, and stood up in numerous tests both at NPS — a vertical tube fixed on the side of Spangle Hall serves as a test tunnel for the profilers — and in small-scale Antarctic experiments. The data gathered will ultimately give researchers a better understanding of the NPS Research Professor of Oceanography Tim Stanton, middle, helps fellow researchers test the hot-water drill that will be used to create warm-water currents that carve channels and underneath the ice shelf a tunnel for the ocean profiler. The researchers have made several trips to Antarctica to test the equipment in preparation for their current and cause it to rapidly melt. research trip, which will run from the end of Nov. through the end of Jan. (Photo provided by NASA) “The research will shed light on ocean processes acting over a wide range of time scales in a critical setting — below a melting glacier ice shelf,” explained Shaw. “Better understanding of ocean circulation and turbulence below Antarctic glaciers will be used to improve large-scale climate models.” “If a system like this starts to collapse, we could see massive sea level At the Bottom of the World rise on decadal of century time-scales,” added Stanton. “So the question NPS faculty, researchers utilize custom research tools for six-week Antarctic expedition. becomes at what time-scale might this happen and what are the physi- cal processes that lead to that … The whole objective is to try to take By Amanda D. Stein measurements and observations in this extraordinarily remote system that will allow us to better model that system and contribute to computer A TEAM OF NPS oceanographers is braving weeks of frigid temperatures the world, moving seaward at a rate of 4km a year. models that help predict what might happen in the future.” and gusty winds in Antarctica for the research opportunity of a lifetime. “The Pine Island Glacier ice sheet is fed by a massive glacial system up The surface infrastructure system supports the profiler and fixed NPS Research Professor of Oceanography Tim Stanton, Research on the continent. It flows down and extends out in the ocean by about 50 depth instruments while also reading meteorological changes at the site. Assistant Professor of Oceanography Bill Shaw, and Oceanographer Jim km,” explained Stanton. “The glaciologists who have studied these sys- The surface infrastructure also contains the power source for the com- Stockel are on a two-month-long expedition to the remote Pine Island tems for the last 25 years have noticed that the ice is moving two to four munication components of the system — with a wind generator, solar Glacier (PIG) ice sheet in Antarctica, where rapidly-moving ice sheets times more rapidly than it was in the past. And the glaciology numerical panels, and a bank of lithium batteries. The surface infrastructure allows have researchers anxious to explore warm water currents beneath ice models suggest that the buttressing effect of the glacial tongue is being researchers at NPS to transmit the full data set back from the Antarctic, shelves that extend out into the ocean from the continental edge. reduced rapidly and they hypothesize that that reduction of the extent of while also allowing sampling strategies to be changed each day over the The 10-man research team, comprised of researchers from three ice shelves is accelerating the ice flow down to the ocean.” expected 2–3 year life of the instrument system. other universities and NASA, has several important pieces of equipment Stanton and the NPS team took several years, and multiple Antarctic Stanton noted that, as with any extreme research trip, there is incred- in tow, including three specially-designed research tools developed and trips, to perfect the custom tools that will transmit data back to comput- ible potential for errors. Weather conditions and the remote location mean built by Stanton and his team at NPS. ers on the NPS campus. NASA’s Robert Bindschadler, an emeritus glaci- that once they are stationed in their tents on the PIG, they are thousands of In the ocean cavity below the glacier, the research group is deploy- ologist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and lead scientist for the miles away from civilization. Any broken equipment or unexpected prob- A team of researchers and NPS faculty practice lowering ing these instruments to measure the ocean circulation that is bringing PIG research trip, noted the value that Stanton and his NPS colleagues lems must be handled as well as possible by the 10-man team. an ocean profiler into the ice shelf during a previous trip to slightly warm water across the continental shelf to the base of the ice bring to the team. “It’s very remote. There’s no corner store, nowhere to go buy a resister Antarctica. The profiler is one of several pieces of equipment shelf. The interaction of the ocean with the ice shelf is melting the glacier, “In short, our project would be going nowhere without the superb or something,” Stanton explained. “We have to rely on things working. specially designed and built at NPS specifically for the current from below, at a rapid rate. The PIG ice shelf is an area of particular con- technical skills of Tim Stanton and his team,” Bindschadler noted. “The One good thing about designing everything is that you know how to fix research trip. (Photo provided by NASA) cern, selected because it is among the most rapidly melting ice masses in sub-ice shelf environment into which we are hoping Tim’s novel and it. But there are some things you just can’t fix. It doesn’t take much to kill 10 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 11 it can be implemented as policy,” Nussbaum added. as the general population — but when it is not seen as a significant cost Brown’s work also discovered that the more batteries you need, and driver in a budget, it tends to fall below the radar. For any DoD entity the longer a battalion is in the field, the more money could be saved — in who does use a lot of batteries, he noted, they should think about using other words, the more the battalion needed to use batteries, the faster rechargeable, as there is a tremendous push to reduce our cost of energy. that battalion would reach its battery cost break-even point. As far as next steps for the research on campus, co-advisor Nussbaum When compared said, “Energy is hot, to non-rechargeable and batteries are just batteries, with the You are getting 20 to 100 batteries for the cost of one. The question is a piece of it. The next number of times that piece needs to be in- a rechargeable bat- can you keep enough on hand and recharging so that there is always stitutionalizing these tery can be reused, power available … [Capt. Brown] was able to do the numbers, ideas and results as Brown noted the policy within the ser- recurring life cycle the modeling and write it down, and now it has to be brought up the vices … I am looking cost savings of pur- Marine Corps chain to see if it can be implemented as policy.” for thesis topics to fol- chasing, transpor- low on.” tation and disposal Dr. Daniel Nussbaum Brown graduated costs is staggering. Professor, Operations Research in December 2011 He highlighted the after 18 months of BB-2590 battery as an example, a rechargeable replacement for the BB- study with a Master of Science in Management and transferred to Ma- 5590 standard batteries used at a very high level in tactical radio com- rine Corps Systems Command in Quantico, Va., where he says he hopes munications equipment. to apply some of his research. The 2590 battery is engineered to be re-used between 224 to 1,000 “It’s a matter of getting the word out there more than anything,” he said. times, he noted. “But I spoke with the contractor who is running long- term life cycle studies of these batteries, constantly cycling them in vari- ous pieces of equipment, and these batteries have been used upwards of BATTERY WEIGHT COMPARISON 1,200 or more times,” he added. OVER 30-DAY PERIOD WITH DEMAND OF 182 UNITS PER DAY

When a single battery can save the life cycle cost of 1,200 disposable 14,000 lb batteries from purchase, transportation and disposal, the investment in rechargeable batteries is recovered very quickly. A standard disposable 12,000 lb unit cost runs approximately $78 each, with these rechargeable batteries Marine Corps Capt. Darrell H. Brown holds a rechargeable battery similar to the units he studied for his master’s thesis. Brown analyzed the 10,000 lb at just over $300 a piece along with $1,800 for a charger. full life cycle cost savings of using rechargeable batteries over disposables, estimating striking potential cost reductions in his analyses. Brown’s analysis estimated that with these costs — and a battalion us- 8,000 lb ing about $14,000 in disposable batteries per day — increased investment 6,000 lb costs in rechargeable units are recouped in about 19 days. Any service

using tactical radios can benefit every step along the resupply chain all 4,000 lb the way to theater, without having to throw away depleted batteries and 2,000 lb call back for new ones. The impact on supply convoys, Brown added, is of note. It is well Marine Corps Student Analyzes Life Cycle Cost Savings 0 lb known that one of the significant sources of casualties in theater occurs 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 of Rechargeable Batteries Over Disposables in resupply convoys. Reports suggest that approximately one in eight BA-5590 battery weight BB-2590 battery/charger weight convoys is attacked, and batteries alone can easily add on another vehicle By MC1 Rob Rubio to a supply convoy requiring 2–4 additional personnel. You can remove that entire vehicle and additional personnel, Brown said. ABOUT A YEAR ago, a Marine Corps Captain walked into the office of wanted to continue this work, and to place a specific quantifiable cost He also highlighted disposal costs, with non-hazardous solid waste DOLLAR SAVINGS PER BATTERY OVER TEN RECHARGES Naval Postgraduate School Operations Research Professor Daniel Nuss- savings on a potential change. (NHSW) disposal at an estimated $1.28/lb. compared to hazardous solid baum claiming he had a great idea for his thesis. Capt. Darrell H. Brown Brown, Nussbaum and co-advisor Professor Keenan Yoho began ex- waste at $4.00/lb. With the reduction in hazardous waste dispoal re- $600 would go on to describe a 2006 deployment with his battalion landing amining the specific battery requirements for a typical Marine Corps quired by using rechargables, additional cost savings were realized. And $500 team to the Horn of Africa, and the operational constraint he felt of pack- infantry battalion — what are the operational assets they use, how do this doesn’t include the benefit of simply keeping these disposable batter- $400 ing so many batteries, especially with new optics, tactical lights, cameras they use them, and what are the batteries needed to support this. The ies out of the environment. $300 and various other electronics. His solution? Replace disposable batteries team then analyzed the full costs of purchasing, delivering, using and Brown bounced operational implementation scenarios off of subject $200 with rechargeable ones. disposing of rechargeable batteries vs. non-rechargeable through the full matter experts and he was told that it might certainly work. And based $100 “Here we are with all of this gear that needs batteries and we are on a life cycle. In the end, when all of the numbers and costs are quantified, upon his model, using rechargeable batteries can save an amount in the $0 ship with very little embarkation space,” remarked Brown. “Why couldn’t Brown had made quite a case to acquire rechargeable batteries along with neighborhood of $15,000 per day, per infantry battalion, each using 182 we have a large charger where all of these batteries are stacked in racks on chargers to go with them. batteries per day in operational scenarios. – $100 a stanchion and we plug it in?” Nussbaum notes, “You are getting 20 to 100 batteries for the cost of In his thesis, Brown also addresses what can be used to recharge the – $200 Brown set out to analyze the idea in great detail through his thesis one. The question is can you keep enough on hand and recharging so batteries. Vehicle chargers can be mounted into vehicles — and porta- – $300 for his master’s degree in management through NPS’ Graduate School that there is always power available … [This] is a concern for the infantry ble, fold-out solar panels weighing in at 1–3 pounds, can also be used. – $400 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 of Business and Public Policy (GSBPP). It wasn’t a wholly new idea … In battalion. They are just as effective, rain or shine, and are using a renewable energy fact, a handful of previous GSBPP students had already begun studying “[Brown] was able to do the numbers, the modeling and write it source to recharge the batteries. NHSW disposal savings transportation savings PUrchase savings the fully-burdened costs of batteries through their own theses. Brown down, and now it has to be brought up the Marine Corps chain to see if Brown stressed that everyone uses batteries — military, DoD, as well 12 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 13 N

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N O 2. THESIS THEME A O O M N T F A S I l O e U E G R A D L S F A NA E x O E M a F T O l R R I A L T F c O O L R E i b T AD C S M P F C T E I E W T s L c R N o E WA E R H fo E E P A O H R T D T E E , A E E H e l A A G I I A R C J R E O N A CI H T G R R N p R C L G A E B r R U J R E T N R H O N N M E E N R N D G t I O I A E A O A O E A a E E O V a E E T L e t R R A P C CH L S D S D P E I C R ST D I M E R IN n T T e h H 3. CLASSIFIED STATUS N A P R o L Y N A H O R I R T I A I N R S RA c t T C F I - C m S S I O S A N F I L G U O U S A T O L F P Y H e O T C U O S m P F F E T N M D S A R I N S S S A U UR I D o B E O R M O T A u P A O E N O G Y S E C O e t E C E T A C R P IC F PO M BE n ’ N T O T A EK E D R B E P n N O R S - e L MA A E C O O T R A X N P i D N W D O N E S s CE N c M Y s I n L K O R - E I A D U L E T C ME U U O S L A R t o C M T C a o N C I M D B U T D A R H D S U i t M M F P A . E E I A i - M u S D E T S T r A N A O l S 4. DEGREE AWARDED E ? O n t U F I T O i T P A E F S M D D S 2 . F R N E l UC A - A N N o I T I a a O D E F E H I D T t C g Y 0 F L I A X T — i O S N R L A A l - R N n O O S 1 i P T L A N V C I M r E U D A S l M - Y T R E N 2 A s S O A G S N M C L A E G A e C O E T NA L S A V I A S A u e G M M – R C Y F SP I N Y S E N A M Y U N T I S U L M t S E 2 M I D t T i N o e S A O Y S S S I V R T G M G E a I 0 S L V M t T N T O LY s A D N E T O L F A C d 1 a T a O E C U e N A E S E I R E M T N A B E AC TE n e r T W t E O U E F T S 7 B R D W Y D A N RA E U H O H M I l e A o D - I CU S M A M M A R O S ... T , M NU E O R S R H R U R P H T I N 5. SCHOOL S O QU l C n N O I T U O T E C N S R C S A D VA P T E N E v L E S T O R O P e C DI o I p ED l S I I H M T C Y R L R E T D N T N i au C O A K Q O O F T i A O t T I r e I N P C e A O O I t I N E E R ti U S U D E N T i I E U I S I C O M L O R R w f T R N IN THE VI A E R research t E O I a E n m S I S e R E L T O N F S E S i S : N O IR N N D T ED o A S A O I C N E A I R N c i P E H r T N O S C G N , S l E I z S M I N S r HA C S F H R h T L L e C M G R O S T l I P M D R I O E T E T T - o a F ST E S E m T E E- M G I A N Y H f OR P O N y U U t O M M e A G N D V N N i T L n DE E HI A A F T L E H M i CE N R s O an t L Q I N E N R I M M M l M S t E O D IC E O G E A E o O N M T L N i T I R a I C t U P D I I A L OF 6. AUTHOR(S) r R I E o Y T s n A L T A R I E N U I NI A S T SI O F RC T M A A H S e S E S T I R T S E o F T c L T S N L s r I S M O B N U C A B T S S O O S N - I D l A I m Y O E O GN S H I i T e C p S S A W E T o S R GA S : A P N Z E S T D RA l o E I S T R S RM G GR I S r I O E G E H f , P T R Y n R S H T T AT n I I O D M ER e S F Y A H IT RY I E S S a A N O H - I I R S A E C R S o CA TH P r I C T N L D E G Y L P A Ch H t C E I A t A G A r O N Y I - R R Y A N I H U O P M I T N T W E A C V F G h N MS N U S D S H E D c L O R N S R F E A D L E AL P O M I A o DECI N N C N I S e C S I E E A e T G a R E R , A T T S N O h I A ’ OA A R V F O I S A A H d d H P RT I R T C E T E N T S G R H C N r A r AI S N N E I T i A O UCT T 7. service e R E G N F A D O E S L t O E n C C E N S O A O T S O T a r TU N E A D R M l AR J R A R E G S U I P A H p A F T W e F D E C c S R S H E T e C D M C D N T O N G F M ER T R P D E N a N D S a O M I E L c XP O T E E I H E t T E F E : E S E S A S T A E c A U I R D L E C D O UR F l R N S L N D R t E L A T B B N E C E e L A e R E T N a - N U V E N I L O E T E E S D T E u T H I E I E L N G I B Y NG i T C B r D O e A N L N N D E AN V V R B N S N I N E C - O R D E F I H T O I D r I H A N N T T O O a R L c T U E I ER A i O O E D N E NT O EN I N O E G N h I U I C A F F P E z I U T e E S L S E n A - S F S C R S A A e T R M O G S M AR N O t T G I M T E

E S Y E L C K a N - U I O d T I Y R p E A E R DA R T S A T A N R D N A CT M S A S V t I S E R O T A G E N M S A A NC T I G 8. THESIS TITLE S D V N A S I C O E T E O N B M E K Y D I L E E A S U i N I F S D I A M s U O A HT T A I E C ER AN T A T P z C N R A moment M F N AN I o W of T - U E P A M O O I S E U s I S G S i N O E B R C AV S L T T D G O O M A R I T R : T n P R M A S S RK M S N R R s M I E I , OF I H Y I R e GI I G U U T L I G A I A A N N F I S A F S U D U P A R ng G O O s E , A O n C P A S I V V H L N A S T O E E s - S G i E H T S S N D N C S M R A E / RI C AS P i P S E o R N E N O M C T G I Y E l D s C N T P W N C A Q T S I A E k E O E T T i I Y O O L I P R R T FO E R U N WAT T U V E L H S e S O E OF U T N M R I U m E P c T T T T A K U N E S H t O I A N E A E N A I L R P N L M A I T O A R E P I H A A N T S O E T- E A N e I S a a A S T F I T T G T L L C R SY - E E SS L R I R N E I F R NT S I DA A E N T E L R S N N E I L T A S N n M F E c r D A T S I - N M y : I C i P I L EN S O A N T S I N L Y C P B Z V E A A I G E O T t R T P S I T T N A A E S S T s N O H l I F E D TI R E I I I N S I DO E L W M N N N E F U N N T R t N O p R EN L O O A F F N H D TH GE O C A I O - G Y A G M O NC IN V E E A N e S U W p r O VAL - T I N T T U S S R I M N U m Y U T D M C R I H T S E R S A o R L S E ER N I T A G N H G M NA F D , U T N I T S T M E O T O A E O T s I VY I A A E B O T N O A R D E R N F IN A H C N G NT E Y IS E N I H O Y O F D O T ER N V D R J V LI E S N N D S T M E E I A R Y A C L U S I Veronica V. A O O I R Badescu N D Student research at the master and doctoral Paul T. Beery E M ME E E I A E E C e N C L I MI H G N J M F P - Michael H. Brody RES N V ME S T W E E E L N R C n Kenneth A. Bogdan E O M T O P T R H U O I N T H BA A EN L T M L F W EC ME T I L t Jason A. Brunton I V L P E S E E A R E IN L S E N S T E R RE A F I T A S R E A O e Nancy Casper E U Y L N N O T R I T G T U r H P U D T S P N R D F S M A A T D M P M S E R Robert A. SO F I O R DeFilippo T S E R N N N R O E E I A R A E D M V E O IO F R F L O D O T IS NT O SU Mark D. I A T E T P O N Fingerholz I A SH O A S , levels is a requirement of a successful INT F IT E E IN N G E T CE F A T V S D S Charlotte M. U L R IN T R a M N F IS - T N E RS .S E E T E E Gerhart P G O I U OR I T I E . L C H E S A G E M N O D A U N S NG T T S R D U E E T N U ME Robert C. Ginn I , Y I P O O N C LI R 10 C IO S N E P I D , P L L N M R IN C T U O G I S U N T I N O T S A K D A A O E P U EN T E R HE V I U I OR Glen R. Grogan O U R H RO N Y V + I E TI T S MI S NE N D D C R S S D T in TE C E T PL O DE I EL A E 1 O IE L E D N a 1. 2. RELATIONS OF THESeS AND THEMES graduate education experience. At the MO R E R T Y S M N U Z Jerry M. Guo R H 2 D S N N r E T - E IT A H N A V TAI T N IT E E A A g & D TI E S L L N OR AJ I T R E S S C IL D D ST U N RR H Y E N O T I : Sophia D S A RES R E I te C G A IN T R O Kostopoulos U U F- L B MO U G H a S O AN John I. Actkinson S D A l I A R M I N Eugene A. Albin B T B A C AN T IN R I E 3 G E NF Ben L. Anderson MP R A H u S I N Christopher M. O O R R Y N O T I N 2 S Phuong N. Lam Beuligmann TA E O G m E S G : Frederic A. R S O E Y S O i L W N E M T U P T L Borries IL ’ N C N D I T R F N S A Naval Postgraduate School, four classes O RA C A R U Erik K. Bray P A E L N L S S P A O AN Y L N O TI Francis G. L I o O F G E O Jeremy L. Britt IN M C U E Y P T t IN R E F N L IT C M E McDougall I V U L N A F A Y C K F N F T Y E N Richard M. Camaren H R F F A O O T ID R C OR IN Y S E C Andrew L. Carcich– C E ONI E N I T IN ds LI E C O Y I S Crystal A. Ronald D. , G D A T S M I I N T U L O M E Cappellini, Jr. P S E A I L B E N TY T S U L F S McGruder s IN H EN S R ho A H T- - R M F A Gregory S. X N - M Y O t T T N F E Cardwell– E A T R TE e O M IR L AD : AN E OR NE R SS ER EL OR EM AL T E m S IN of students complete that experiential F AN E IN I N F Scott A. McKenzie Francis J. Carmody T E G V F G N D AI A D E N E D FO UV S CK IN E NA N CO Y lo NAL AN H L G E E X IT Joseph J. Cervi S L A T r O E OM UR EM P R SS T- S RT E A TA AT IN A R D I a TI C E E E AR ES T R Ramsey Meyer T M - M E N AL c A O LA O NT TM P H GE E David J. Cheney A RO G E A U e UL E ND F S E ON RO N F STI C IN G ATH D Q t D TH I Y N D E F Brandon J. Cobb P D E N n O and demanding obligation each year, I S MA ST T E UG R EC David W. Panhorst E MI O E W OW mo s M ON NT EC GI EM CH RS H AT T A EL MA L al ND S K EG UR NA A IE S IO S Scott F. Cole V OWL ND OM F tic et A ON OR RA ITY TIO S F- TAN N O Phuong N. Phan, DE N A C EL e m Y HO TW TI N IT O R N N Karen E. Myers Brian D. Cumming K T N in d OR E ON E : F D E Aric L. McElheny E A k YP N O NT EX PE FI AR Q A A T S UN l re HE T AX H F E A R C D U I Brett R. Poirier MA E T e e T F M culminating in a triumphant walk ome T RP MI TAI ER IZ IR L Pornchai Davidson I UB - ll wd D O WI la RA RIS NING NS ’S ED EM I CL C ND ra po IEL CT A L nd INI E T EV E V Benjamin D. E I a F PA aw - N O A T N I Paul W. Poteete Deckert L W p in IM IN - Se G FO IN LU RA TS C BI D, ly g AN E RS de En cu CIVI UN TE AT IN F Gregory L. O E e in ME H BE ca across the stage in King Auditorium fo r L D R IO IN O Descovich M E iv r S T I as r ity I AT A N G R Caroline Ross P s e , N R C ce AN IO GE O S as nt NS SIO ING BSC n TW m S N N F AN Prosch– Cory A. Dixon - m i IO U R U i O ent tra AND AL CY T D OW s AT TR DU S es MIS A te M F EM HE L ng nd UL S LE ad S ge gi I L E Michael C. Biasotti yi a M IN IC BI Bl ION nc c LIT AW RG CIT Sean R. Dubbs pl SI E ST MO r to receive their degrees. S, y Pla AR S EN YW ap th L IN RI so EC ONE n Y IN CY ID ow CA AL E OF res ON S fo DIS AM E David Carabin Charles A. Fulmer gr RI OH ACT NG mp OMIC EC r AS E RE E RM AR KI Co ION ST S RET the TE RIC SPO UM HE CH RAC on ECT ACE ATE OF SE N R R A’ NS Chad E. Geis N T N RAM T s ET RF S W FIS RV on ES S E Tristin J. Collins OF EA OG ED w D SU ES HER ICE -M PO OC PR ANC Flo MINE ON N SUB T C Y : T aj ND Robert C. Griffith R C al R NS O WA OAS FAIL HE or ER AI IFI ENH ion O IO IONS Y C T CH UR VA , L S John M. Esposito AC OR sit D F DUCT RIAT IN HE I E: LU oc Scott A. Harvey P F RE VA The impact of research at NPS TEGR MICA NOO THE E O al, E Tran METHO RY TE ATE L D K S FA F EM of NG NTO LIMA , AN ETE ALM LL THE Judson M. Freed SCH n ERI VE C ASS D I CTIO ON ( OF IN Aaron M. Hay tio ILT IN UAL UGH ESSI MPLE N: A ON TH VES iga -F OARD RANN FIC THRO is powerful indeed … where NG ME P COR E TIG Leonard H. st ISE NB TE ACI SS P TH N R HY K A Mark A. Hebert e O O IN P E ROT E E T A OPOSE NC ING TI Guercia, Jr., Inv N F O TH ROC ECTIN FFE DE D US —A VE IVE T O AL T OR N P Operations Research Information Warfare Systems Engineering Meteorology and Physical Oceanography G RE CTIVE TECT SYS TS NAL MIS ECT PAC SON ERN N UATIO C SPON NES -T TE HAW YSI SIO Amy D. Heck– FF IM SEA ST VAL G ount DERS S OF O-W M P YTS S O N Brad A. Halsey N E THE TRA E WE D E ELIN operationally-experienced er-R IMME CUR ARN ROCE CHA F U A ING F IN TH T AN UNN Le adic DIATE REN CAP SS ) NITE Jason R. IFY TS O S IN TES DER: T arne aliza LY A T NY AB TO D Henderson ENT TS AC ION THE MAN d fr tion: FTER C EM ILITY DES Richard Harlow ID ATAN IMP RMAT IN COM om Be DE ER TO IGN Michael L. MB HE FO INS KED students from across the THE Abroa st P TONAT GENC SA , CO NG T ONE G GA MBAR F VUL d racti ION O Y RE VE L Holihan ELI YCL YIN AN E RICT O NERAB ces F AN SPON IVES Michael J. Hoshlyk MOD AL C ANTIF YSIS ) OF AN DIST NEW ILIT in t IMPR SE Bryan Y. Hong PIC QU NAL (C2 SS L NGIN EYE Y OF he U OVISE STRA TRO LLY ED A ROL RELE HE SA S FOR SOCIAL nited D NU TEGY YTICA BAS CONT ed WI IN T services and around the world B BAD NET Sta CLEAR IN Joselito S. Ignacio ANAL IES- AND SSiFI ROADS IOSURV GUYS WORKI tes DEV David J. Huber BILIT MAND NCLA ON ntal EILLA NG M and ICE CAPA COM AN U IEDS ATA vernme IN NCE T EDIA Lesso TING OSS S OF FIC D n-Go CREAS ECHNOL AND T ns Robert J. Ingram Stephanie A. PPOR A ACR D RISK TRAF ith No apply real-world knowledge ED INF OGY: HE IN Johnson SU DAT AN ORCE ct W OR PR S D ET RNS F ra MATION OVIDING IDER T SIPRN PATTE BLUE to Inte HOM SHA SIT HR R G SING ed ELAND- RING UATION EAT: Amin G. Kosseim– Eric J. Lednicky TIFYIN NCE U Prepar t? SECU AL A IDEN ROVI er nmen to explore solutions to ENV RITY ORG AWAREN AND P e Bett Enviro IRO AN ESS U LM B ict NMENTS IZATION THR Erik R. Marshburn HE ficers Confl S: D OUG G John J. Lenkart Of t- ESI H an Pos GN CONT How C s In a INGEN T tion NG O CIES Adam M. Matthews aniza ATion ONITORI N TH IN CO S Org SIFIC RK M today’s most pressing E FENCE: ( MPLEX Jasie K. Logsdon SE CLAS OR NETWO RE) GUA A DISEA MENT F RDING A David M. TEXT EQUIP MERIC O REE- MINAL A’S SO Matvay, Jr.– F IN TER UTHWES C James D. Madia GENT national security issues. COMPOSITE T BORDER SNMP A ls in ARTIST , NG AN e Mode RY MEETS Craig A. Maxey VERAGI Cognitiv FACIA S LE OM lating USE OF FAC L-RECOGNITI . NAVY SATC s for Popu IAL-R ON R U.S Tool ECOGNITION TE TECHNOLOGY: Jeffrey W. Magram OF Development CHNOLOGY T EXPLORING E Daniel C. of Data St O IDENTIFY THE McKaughan omparison ate and Lo COMPOSI D C cal Homeland-Sec TE IMAGES Tracy L. Simulation urity Offi N Social What Do T cials: Who Are Th Montgomery Robert D. PROFESSIONALS hey Do? ey and O IN SPACE We set forth on the McLaughlin, Jr.– E NAVY’S INVESTMENT P H Jason P. Nairn OPTIMIZING T S Clint W. Miller TARGET LOCALIZATION TO E ID PRECISION HIGHWAY SECURITY: FILLING THE VOID EVALUATION OF HRI PAYLOADS FOR RAP R

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T A O T M: I T R Jacob D. Portaro a T T R IT e y e N L D

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W O A Kristine L. O I H H n E V

P E J D H M c T IT D F NM Claiborne H. M G O Rogers rd Y A O V C D Bradley J. Sams S E

Derek J. Snyder S E E t

I D Shelstad R I M t I

T IN A L G EN O IG O I R A R P N N E T L P P o I O A F N F R L A T R A T o E N X I P S I Robert M. Atkins A CO L D d C C R E F O I E S H I T a E n E I PA K O E S S R V S E N I n CE IN R M e JU OM T Space Systems Mechanical Engineering Other* M A L D E K Y I G U E N d M K N IN le s N M D Y O U G D E F EN IN Aaron C. Bass I P G P M A a AT C Q RO AN N E S AL E D P D O T IS d n T U A H T A IT N N C D L S AN E I C O P R ER B I T , d A NI - T N R A U Paul D. Brister N O S O a T E O S w C

But what is perhaps most impressive of all R O N N FE R N D R P R F C T N R ol R A R A C IO S U E A O A U G T F r I W A A ic E T EL E Y Robert W. Harder T E P T

T S D F T H IF t A L i h GA IO E A OU M E SS L IR P E P R S T s L E IO d - R N A R O O , Y H E R O D Gordon S. Hunter Y O S - E IV O U R T D I V T S A H A N c D S T L IG O N N A R N N R C IN F A T S N I O I U

P F E T V A O A Antonio D. Jesurun, T L O E P R O c o N U

P B S D A Grant B. Sharpe A K G m G

DA X M N IV H N C R M A S T T b A C P F e p V

A E A AN S A T P Matthew Ross RE N A A O AL M a C O O F an o D

is that this collective moment of discovery T IS CO N M Cedrick L. G T s E M R I

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G U K E I O : N E H I e - B T Travis G. Willcox

N T E C E R C E I I G N E F it P I R E O U T D d I F C Keo S. Yang T A

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U I , O O G R C T N U A I S P C S i H D E N L N I S E M , V e T T O C OF I M a D L E A I P E AUDI t C E O M C G E P I P N L U E E Y E O T I L nd T A E l R E E v N T L E C L S F FF N R A U N B M n N DE i M H Y L S I N O M U O A M R E D MI I S M S C R O S L M E A A A I O E T N A A C V SI A A T M F e E I T C N S I I co L E TI T P M F I T E E T E G V G R E R T V T S m P S T O N G ns I O I G N M O T S T e , T H R S A D N E U N R G E R I S H R O N Y a N N F o F C E I ri A N E H R TI O I IN F O GSEAS Marine Corps S E O I N A A G U M - L E RC g D T T C E R M N E I W O P O T o p S P S S O p O R E T G E I E F - FI VI I N I I R R e N I A O O A N S N E A T T T S A E p U I S O D U s K I : I r 4. DEGREE AWARDED e S R A A A R S I N F I A N P C T - S M r U S W G Q T — R P S

R R e F R A T l G E C U M y L S K A O L A T D E B I E P E e R I U N R O Y o N E I U U A I V c A C N F F C Q A G S R A N S T H L YS D T R N i K F S M O I S I O c S X a E D N E W T G T E T S A R I I I O G M E N E A E E R A A i G h D I I F T A O C D F I O c T O A T C R T E e R E IO A B H R T E T v A T e U R T N M A S M R I F N F E I P F E h S C l E T S C C N ) E P FRE R S F A P I N A T M E V A S T r E V M I O N C A I O Y E N T S N b M D I M S C IT V A M U G N F S I E ( T e W T E O F T P M C NS S S a N D S T ( W O E V I - O I t S A 6 H T N O I T NT S A N G Y T h S E H C N T E O S S n I I L R CO S T T D D C E o U IP D T c R A I A F E A , E N L - O GSOIS Air Force A D E L K Y T T U A G A A O I U R C M T S O Doctor of Philosophy A P Y n E T C O X I M Y R I S T L A A A L N Q I P T IE N L G T T ) F I O A G T M E S E u o D I H A R P N E U R E I V I N K U N E N F R A O a I a N L C N R N L R A S I t TA S G B L S O I O C A S R I I C D A G N D c T P L I F C N I ( S C O H U M S U S O I T O A L , N P U ST E N H R Y N B A NI t S L I A S s E CE F E , E T AS A Z A L C S A I M A T G E L U / A A L U N i lY T E L e V O T N R ca D N E e N S N R I O C I Y I PA G I P W L I F P D E C N R A N N A ) l g A M D S T S E O I W T S NA S A H P S Research Projects N O T R C I O P T S O T G b n T G l I F I O M N M I O C P R L W I I I A N R A F T a L C I A A A , 170 I N e S E A O C D A I O E O S O H O D E H I A S O T d l O I RF N N NI A I R R : N F C V S S C M N - R F SIGS Army T N A E RI l F D M T C n : O L A S A O I A N A i A Masters of Art S a SP E I E I K O N A R Z E e N P r A O N E F R H N T E E W R T O - N S P h L N p A A R N A O L E E K e R O D O t M N I T A C M C R S L E x F - T TI O E S T D N L R C C I L A n O N A I N I E O C E R I N T P MB O L U E S R O TI T O D E A e M A C B S g Y G P : A L C R M M R , I : E A I S N u E D W n R L I L O G F E m O I U O B O d A E W S T O IM i O N OL EV L MO p L E A Y P E B % L t R N e P S O RP F C I D m I O S C p N H L E I A M K I I M U s R v A T E T L U T o S M UR R EN A E N o l N I S EX T e A AB L C E B S F I D c A T A T H O r o O E N E D A V C v A S R R T International I A I S r C L L A v O D t E V M D R T Masters of Science E Y Y W n L T T N T F TI e I O P M S E U U O I O S A O C S A X E H C A I v U T T C TI E F T L I T O C T C G R H O R T A T H T S U A R F A S U T I N T H A B E n I I T E T FR OC E S L L M N I I U CA M W I D Y U N C Classified Thesis R T U I o R I P C M Y T I K E K F H U A S G A NI E O R A O O E N E C I IT S L C O NT RO G O M S N L R R C n F E U L U A G N

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S N L h * ‘Other’ denotes specialized theses themes that were too limited S A L T B E A A N c S E T O

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S in numbers to list in individual categories. “What are the limits of a human operator’s attention?” Chung said. “When something in a complex system of systems goes wrong, how do you deal with it? You don’t want the operator to have to drop everything. You don’t want the shepherd to ignore the entire flock if just one sheep Welcomed Additions goes astray. Naval Postgraduate School leaders, students and guests “So the swarm system needs to be smart enough to adaptively recon- gathered on the roof of Spanagel Hall, Jan. 11, to welcome figure to adjust for that loss,” he continued. “Or if I send in reinforce- two new unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to the universi- ments, they should be absorbed by the swarm without explicit direction ty’s research community, and to celebrate the establishment by the operator. They should deduce and response to changes themselves. of the new Sea Web and Wave Glider Laboratory. And that’s where the autonomy research and the artificial intelligence of these systems comes into play.” The two vehicles, referred to by the Navy as Sensor Host- The CRUSER team sees NPS as the ideal place to implement such ing Autonomous Remote Crafts (SHARCs), were appro- multidisciplinary research in unmanned systems. Since unmanned sys- priately named Tiburon and Mako, and christened with a stream of champagne carefully poured on the crafts. tems dominance remains a top priority across the services, Chung is working to establish a grand challenge competition, which would put During the christening ceremony, retired Rear Adm. Jerry the students’ experience and education to the test with live-fly experi- Ellis, Director of the Undersea Warfare Research Center, ments involving 50 versus 50 UAVs. His goal is to have the competition offered confident predictions that the crafts would be operational by 2015, and open for NPS and interested teams to “duke it invaluable additions to the institution. “I christen you Mako out over the skies of Camp Roberts,” referring to the site of active NPS and Tiburon, may you always provide good research for the field experimentation efforts. Naval Postgraduate School and may you always return to One of Chung’s key research visions is to inspire researchers and stu- your home base.” dents at NPS and beyond to explore the operational potential of swarm- ing unmanned systems and innovations in tactics they will require. The NPS has long invested time and research into a wide range emphasis is in employing these systems to enhance the defense of the of unmanned systems, and the addition of the USVs will only Fleet and armed forces; however, the competition highlights the need to help broaden the scope of the university’s research. Ellis NPS students and faculty — from right, Marine Corps Maj. Thomas Dono, research associate Michael Day, Turkish Navy Lt. Umit Soylu, noted that Navy leadership had vowed, only days before, to pursue both sides of combat. Assistant Professor Tim Chung and Tunisian Air Force Capt. Riadh Hajri — hold five of NPS’ 30 Unicorn unmanned air vehicles being used to make unmanned systems a main objective for fiscal year 2012. test ‘swarming’ and other counter UAV tactics. “Despite the real-world threat that swarm UAVs could pose, we can- not just study defense,” he said. “Defense is closely integrated with of- Joe Rice, Research Professor of Physics, joined Dr. Phil fense, so combining those two in kind of a competition environment al- Durkee, Dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and lows both teams to develop both offensive and defensive tactics.” Applied Sciences, in cutting the ribbon to the new Sea Web In DoD, academic and industry contexts, large-scale experimenta- and Wave Glider Laboratory, noting how long the program tion of swarming aerial robots has yet to mature significantly, although has been without lab space, and the excitement of having a Faculty Explore Defensive ‘Swarming’ Strategies recent projects have begun to push the envelope. Such a swarm test-bed place for research. presents several challenges for researchers looking to get 100 or more to Counter UAVs five-foot wingspan UAVs into the air at one time — as would be the case “Previously, Sea Web has developed experiments of op- in the competition. portunity around the world. We have done over 50 trials By Amanda D. Stein “The way UAVs are currently operated, you could probably have one at sea, and that has been our laboratory,” said Rice. “We’re person operating three of four vehicles, but you would still need people very pleased to finally have a home base here on campus. The lab will provide us some continuity in our research and UNMANNED SYSTEMS HAVE proven valuable and are well integrated “It is relevant in our work here at NPS because with the presence of un- to help launch and people to take over in the case of an emergency,” ex- development. It will support the engineering work on these into offensive mission sets — from gathering ISR (intelligence, manned systems, we need to start thinking about scenarios where we or plained Chung. “Right now, the requirements typically are one or more wave gliders … [And] most importantly, having a lab here surveillance and reconnaissance) to delivering payload. While an adversary might start using large groups of these unmanned systems people per platform, which is clearly infeasible with 100 UAVs. We need on campus will provide an opportunity for our students to researchers at the Naval Postgraduate School are examining a wide in a combined way.” to develop the capabilities and the technology to be able to manage larger be more directly involved in the work.” variety of these and other uses of unmanned systems, NPS faculty have CRUSER’s research in swarm UAV tactics is, in part, in support of a numbers.” Understanding the full implications of these system-of-sys- also began looking into expanding the use of unmanned air vehicles classified research report known as Project Jason, established by Kline. tems also calls for analysis of issues such as maintenance and manning, (UAVs) in defensive missions as well. Project Jason attempts to characterize and understand the threats posed test and evaluation, and even total ownership costs. “Research into concepts and tactics to counter unmanned systems is by swarms of UAVs, such as the Harpy, an unmanned air vehicle pro- There are plenty of basic and applied research challenges, let alone as important to military operations as research into our use of these sys- duced by Israel Aerospace Industries. Project Jason has led to a number logistical ones, presented when trying to conduct a mission employ- tems,” explained retired Navy Capt. Jeff Kline, Senior Lecturer in NPS’ of classified student theses projects exploring these threats. ing many UAVs in the sky simultaneously, but Chung feels that NPS is Operations Research department and Director of the Consortium for “These Harpy UAVs are deployed in large numbers, and they typi- uniquely equipped with the initiative, resources and expertise to be the Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER). cally zero in on a particular high value target and dive bomb it,” explained first to fully explore the potential of these future defensive unmanned “Many of our potential adversaries have advanced unmanned capabili- Chung. “Project Jason is essentially studying the problem of defeating the system swarms. ties that present real challenges to our operating forces.” Harpy threat.” On this point, “the greatest assets are the students themselves,” re- NPS Assistant Professor and Director of Research and Education for One of the obvious challenges in operating swarms of UAVs is getting marks Chung. “Our students are operationally seasoned with incredible CRUSER, Dr. Timothy Chung, is working on developing a way to test the systems to coordinate themselves and maintain their mission capa- real-world experiences. In fact, many of them have performed missions swarm versus swarm tactics to counter an adversary’s UAVs. He is the bilities even in the event that one or some of the vehicles malfunctions. with existing unmanned systems, if not innovated their employment tac- Principal Investigator on a project titled, “A System-of-Systems Testbed for Chung noted that the solutions to these challenges cannot be solved by tics themselves.” He goes on to say, “these students are the forerunners of Counter Unmanned Systems Tactics Development and Research,” which only one discipline or department, and his research has and will continue the next generation of military leaders of the robotics era.” looks at creating a competitive environment for swarm UAV testing. to draw from the expertise of various departments across campus. He With future concepts and experimentation efforts such as the “Swarming is the notion of having multiple agents that work in a co- cites a recent example which includes the university’s MOVES Institute competition, Chung hopes to educate and inspire further generations ordinated manner to achieve some sort of objective,” explained Chung. to explore the human component of unmanned systems. to come. 16 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 17 NPS Faculty Secure Government Patent for Fuel-Saving Plan By Amanda D. Stein

SENIOR LECTURER JEFF KLINE recently saw years of research pay we were doing different. off in a big way when he received a U.S. Government patent for an idea “Our schedule was the same, yet we were getting five to ten percent sparked 20 years ago when he applied his NPS Operations Research (OR) savings in fuel over the other ships,” he continued. “He thought it might education while a ship’s Commanding Officer in the fleet. have been a mechanical issue and he wanted to understand how we were The patent — jointly awarded to Kline, Distinguished OR Professor configuring the engineering plant. I knew that it was simply an extended Gerald Brown, Distinguished OR Professor Alan Washburn, and the late use of this little fuel planner that I had designed and provided to my Distinguished OR Professor Richard Rosenthal — is a transit planner for navigator and engineer. And we executed our operations based on that.” “Mixed-Mode Fuel Minimization.” An abstract on the patent explains the Impressed with Kline’s plan, the PHM (Patrol Hydrofoil Missile) fuel-saving concept that is now property of the Navy. squadron started using it with the other hydrofoils as well. The plan, “A mixed-mode method for operating a vehicle’s propulsion plant to however, was short-lived with the decommissioning of the hydrofoils travel at a selected average speed using the minimum amount of fuel,” only months later. the patent states. “The method involves traveling in one mode at a high Pleased with the results of his fuel-saving plan, however, Kline sent speed part of the time, and in a different mode at low speed part of the a letter to his former professor at NPS, Dr. Richard Rosenthal, sharing NPS Oceanography student, Portuguese Navy Lt. Ricardo Vicente, stands beside one of NPS’ high-frequency radar systems. time, in such a way that the average speed is the selected value.” what he had done. That letter re-appeared when Kline returned to NPS Vicente’s thesis research will utilize data collected by this system and others lining the California coast. The initial transit planner was developed in 1992 after Kline, then a as a Senior Military Faculty member in the OR Department, and got oth- Lieutenant Commander, took command of one of the Navy’s few Pega- er faculty members engaged in ironing out the applications of his plan. sus-class hydrofoils, the USS Aquila. Applying concepts learned in his “When Jeff joined our faculty, we decided to see if any other Navy OR studies, Kline decided to run the hydrofoil’s duel engines in a way ships could benefit, and once we got our hands on engineering data for that would significantly reduce the amount of fuel being used, without fuel consumption, we discovered potential savings in every ship class,” compromising the ship’s performance. explained Brown. “With some ship designs, this offers savings on the or- University Faculty, Students Operate World’s Largest “I started getting impressive fuel savings relative to the other hy- der of eight percent. drofoils in the class,” Kline recalled. “Our commodore noticed that we “We’ve shown how to save fuel using nothing more than mathemat- Coastal Research Radar Network started getting fuel savings, so he sent his combat systems officer down ics,” Brown added. “There is no additional hardware, gizmo or gadget By Amanda D. Stein to go through the plant to talk to the engineer and me to find out what required. Just follow the optimal policy we advise, and you save fuel.” UP AND DOWN the coast, a network of transmitters and receivers the local biology. The marine biologists in the area where the data are that is the largest-of-its-kind in the world dot the beaches of California, collected are very interested in seeing what the current patterns are like silently reflecting high-frequency radio waves off of the surface of the in the different seasons because a lot of the coastal species depend on the water to help researchers map local currents. At the Naval Postgraduate currents for larval dispersal.” School, faculty and students help maintain nine of the 54 observing The historical data can also provide valuable information to respond- stations throughout the state, and utilize the data gathered to provide a ers in the event of an oil spill or pollutant off the coast. In 2007, the map of the current patterns along the West Coast. current patterns and predictions from the West Coast Radar Network These maps are key for a number of institutions and agencies, includ- helped crews determine the dispersal path of over 53,000 gallons of oil ing the State of California as they look at potential oil spill dispersion, when the COSCO Busan container ship hit the Bay Bridge. and for the U.S. Coast Guard to help locate missing swimmers. The data Student involvement has also been a key success, not only for NPS is also made available to the public. but for all of the partner institutions, in monitoring the data and finding “In 2004 the state of California issued a call for proposals for creat- real-world applications for it. ing a network of monitor stations that would help pollution and oil spill Oceanography student Lt. Ricardo Vicente, a Portuguese Naval offi- response,” explained Paduan. “At that point, NPS and several other cam- cer, explained how his thesis work with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) puses combined to create a consortium that responded to that proposal will help prepare him for his duties in the Oceanography department of and was then funded to expand from Santa Barbara and Monterey out to the Hydrographic Institute in Portugal. the rest of the state.” “My thesis will be an effort of characterizing SAR image features of NPS maintains the systems from Point Sur in the south to Half Moon the ocean as a function of wind speed,” Vicente explained. “To accom- Bay in the North, and is part of the much larger West Coast network plish this, I’ll overlap wave mode SAR images with High Frequency Ra- commissioned by the state for coastal research. The system remotely dar (HDR) data. By combining both remote sensing systems, the poten- transmits the data back to NPS where it is utilized in a number of diverse tial final product is a high-resolution, wind-driven surface currents map, research endeavors. from the coastline to approximately 100Km. From left to right, Distinguished Professors of Operations Research (OR) Alan Washburn and Gerald Brown and Senior “We are not as interested in the real time data flow, as much as look- “The ultimate goal is to develop our knowledge of the oceans,” he Lecturer Jeff Kline, present a plaque noting their newly-secured patent — a transit planner for “Mixed-Mode Fuel ing at the historical data to determine what the patterns of circulation continued. “SAR and HFR systems create synergies that have a direct im- Minimization” — to OR Professor and Chair, Dr. Robert Dell. are like in different seasons – for example, summer versus winter in the pact on a range of maritime operations such as search and rescue, oil spill Monterey Bay,” Paduan explained. “The analysis has a lot of impact on tracking, ship routing, offshore engineering and fisheries.” 18 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 19 see such a concentration of Army officers in our department. “The general wanted to spend a little time figuring out what his of- ficers were studying,” Arquilla added. “So we gave him an overview of the Defense Analysis department, [with] the key point being that for many, many years we have taken a cross-disciplinary operational approach to graduate education for our military officers.” Arquilla also encouraged the Chief of Staff to take advantage of NPS’ resources and exceptional faculty for Intermediate Level Education for all Army officers, noting the university has a broad community of exper- tise that the service could capitalize on. With an opportunity to see specific research projects in action, Odi- erno was briefed by Defense Analysis students Lt. Deak Childress and Lt. John Taylor on Project Lighthouse. For the students, it was a unique op- portunity to directly brief a service chief on their thesis research, which utilizes social network analysis to identify and illuminate potential Im- Army’s Intellectual Center provised Explosive Device (IED) networks. Childress noted that he and Taylor both felt fortunate for the opportunity to brief the CSA, and to Commander Continues bring some attention to their research. They hope that their project will have lasting real-world military applications. What CSA Odierno Started “We were … both extremely impressed with how quickly Gen. Odi- erno was able to pull the value out of a very brief discussion, and the The Commanding General of the esteemed ‘intellectual understanding he showed of the analysis we are doing, as evidence by a center’ of the Army, the Combined Arms Center (CAC), Lt. couple of very pertinent questions he asked,” explained Childress. Gen. David Perkins visited the Naval Postgraduate School “It is absolutely vital to keep DoD senior leadership abreast of the in January for a series of briefings and meetings with faculty, staff and students as a follow-up to the visit by Chief of different types of research ongoing here at NPS. I think it shows them Staff of the Army, Gen. Raymond Odierno, in September. Defense Analysis student Lt. Deak Childress, foreground, briefs Army Chief of Staff Gen. Raymond Odierno on Project Lighthouse, an effort that the investments they are making by sending folks here is paying off, utilizing social network analysis to identify and illuminate potential Improvised Explosive Device (IED) networks. and the time spent here at Monterey is definitely not wasted. We are both As the Army continues to support and potentially expands Navy guys, so we didn’t approach this project with any one service in interest in different programs offered at the university, Per- mind, but our research is definitely geared more to ground operators.” kins expressed interest in the abilities education provides At the completion of the briefing, Odierno complemented the stu- his soldiers, and discussed his educational goals with lead- dents on their project, and encouraged them to continue the research. ers at NPS emphasizing the need for training programs to “The wide variety of research and analysis that the NPS students are adapt to a changing world. conducting is extremely relevant to today’s complex and uncertain stra- Army Chief of Staff Odierno Briefed on NPS’ “Advanced schooling is a critical element of the professional tegic environment,” Odierno said. “I am also impressed with their enthu- development of our soldiers,” said Perkins, “because it gives siasm and intellectual curiosity, attributes that will serve them well in the Defense Analysis Education, Research them technical skills and problem solving skills that I think are future as agile and adaptable leaders.” By Amanda D. Stein critical to operate in this increasingly ambiguous environment.”

Perkins was briefed in full on the Defense Analysis program, ON NOV. 4, Army Chief of Staff Gen. Raymond Odierno visited the “I was very impressed with the depth and utility of the program of but also explored other curricula and research currently un- Naval Postgraduate School to learn firsthand about the education and instruction at the Naval Postgraduate School,” Odierno said. “Guided derway within the Graduate School of Operational and Infor- research programs underway at the university. Specifically, Odierno was by a dedicated and expert faculty, the students are receiving a first-rate mation Sciences, the School of International Graduate Studies briefed by several faculty and students in the school’s Defense Analysis education that will serve them well as our nation’s future senior leaders.” and their Department of National Security Affairs (NSA). NSA curricula represent an intricate part of the educational department, which enrolls approximately half of the Army students “A little over one in 10 NPS students are Army officers,” explained Ar- requirements of Foreign Area Officers, a discipline the Army studying at NPS. quilla. “But in the Defense holds in high regard. Odierno assumed Analysis department, the position of 38th The wide variety of research and analysis that the NPS students are they make up about half, Although NPS is a Naval institution, its joint, multilateral Chief of Staff of in fact over half of our research and educational programs have been held in high re- the Army (CSA) conducting is extremely relevant to today’s complex and uncertain students. And roughly spect by Army leadership for many years. As Perkins wrapped on Sept. 7, and has strategic environment. I am also impressed with their enthusiasm and half of all Army students up his visit, he praised the school’s international community over 35 years in the at NPS are in Defense that exposes soldiers and other service members to a similar service. intellectual curiosity, attributes that will serve them well in the future Analysis. environment they would see in the real world, an experience that would prove crucial to the formation of any leader. Odierno began as agile and adaptable leaders.” “Beyond special op- his visit to NPS erations and information Gen. Raymond Odierno “NPS has a great academic reputation,” said Perkins. “It has a with a Command U.S. Army Chief of Staff operations, I think the unique capability to focus on problems that the military is par- Brief offered by Army has been interested Defense Analysis (DA) department Chair Dr. John Arquilla, ticularly concerned about. It’s very difficult to see everything Associate Dean of in the larger questions right, briefs Army Chief of Staff Gen. Ray Odierno, left, on in one day but I think I was most impressed by the enthusiasm the Graduate School of Operational and Information Sciences, Army of Defense Analysis, which is what I think our department is all about. current education and research initiatives during a campus and dedication of the faculty, staff and students. Obviously they visit, Nov. 4. Nearly half of the Army students enrolled at NPS Col. Robert Burks, providing an overview of the university’s mission, When you think about which of the curricula at our school are specifi- are very renowned for their academics but their commitment, are studying in the DA program. programs and research. Odierno then attended a Defense Analysis brief cally, operationally oriented, this is one that seems to fit very neatly into and in many cases sense of service, were outstanding.” presented by department Chair Dr. John Arquilla. the needs of the Army,” he continued. “That’s one of the reasons that we 20 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 21 I knew I was weak in, I would have continued doing the same things as I development and application. had previously and wondered why nothing improved. “The point is that the admirals get a chance to continue the TS dis- “I found the executive coaching sessions to be of the most value,” he cussions in their new job with the new leadership team,” he continued. continued. “It was a time to reflect on my strengths and weaknesses as a “Specific examples are commander’s conferences held by an Expeditionary leader, and to then discuss how to leverage them to improve my leader- Group Commander on the East Coast last year and a similar leadership ship and communication skills.” conference for Commander Seventh Fleet we will host in Japan in Decem- The TS program, part of the overall Navy Executive Development ber this year. These are senior leadership meetings, to plan strategy and Program, utilizes NPS’ experienced faculty to help flag-level officers team building — the seeds of which had been planted when the admirals transition into positions of increased responsibility. The admirals visit were here at NPS — and now there is the opportunity to mature and de- NPS for two or three days between assignments for tailored, one-on-one velop a full-blown leadership plan within the first three months.” discussions with subject matter experts to help them prepare for the chal- lenges that await them in their new position. CEE Director Ron Franklin and Deputy Director Winli McAnally re- cently had the opportunity to brief Chief of Naval Personnel and NPS alumnus Vice Adm. Scott Van Buskirk on the value of the program in a visit to Washington, D.C., Nov. 9. This was Van Buskirk’s introduction to the Navy Executive Development Program and to the concept and goals of the TS Program. Van Buskirk expressed strong support for this unique mission for NPS and its exceptional value to the Navy leadership. “At the same time, this is an exceptional opportunity for the Naval Post- graduate School — to be involved in the development and education of the senior leadership of the Navy,” added Franklin. “This is the first time in the history of the school that the executive leadership of the Navy is coming to NPS for their own advancement and professional development.” Flag officer participants for the program are selected by the Flag De- velopment Office on the Navy Staff, ensuring that those who selected are not simply transitioning laterally within the Navy, but are moving into more senior positions. Incoming Commander, Navy Region Southwest, Rear Adm. Dixon Smith, left, sits down with NPS Senior Lecturer John Mutty for a “The Flag Development Office advises us on the admiral’s current po- Graduate School of Business and Public Policy Senior Lecturer and Academic Associate E. Cory Yoder, left, presents a lesson titled, “Basics of one-on-one course to assist in transitioning to his new position. Acquisition and Contracting Processes,” to Rear Adm. (sel.) Ken Perry, Vice Commander, Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command, sition, the job they’re going to, and where they are in their career; then it Dixon attended two days of courses under the Transition during the latest round of the Transition Support Program, Dec. 6. Perry previously served as executive assistant to the Supreme Allied is easy for us to shape one-on-one, desk-side chats with specific faculty Support Program, a Navy-wide senior officer support program. Commander, Europe. and subject matter experts who can almost serve as confidants in the discussion of the admirals’ future job,” said Franklin. McAnally coordinates directly with participants before they arrive to understand what areas of concern he or she might have, and what topics are recommended by their predecessor. Smith found that element of the 2011 Transition Support Alumni NPS Continuing Education Program Delivers program to be exceptionally rewarding. Rear Adm. John N. Christenson Rear Adm. Thomas Rowden “Having the ability to tailor your program to areas where you want to President, Naval War College Director, Surface Warfare; Chief of Naval Operations Personalized Courses to Transitioning Flag Officers build your knowledge level and understanding is key,” said Smith. “Try- Vice Adm. Gerald R. Beaman ing to carve out the time to stop and think about where you’re headed Commander, U.S. 3rd Fleet Rear Adm. Vincent Griffith By Amanda D. Stein Deputy Chief of Staff for Fleet next, and to spend some time thinking about it is tough. Developing your Rear Adm. Robert O. Wray Ordnance and Supply; Fleet Supply President, Board of Inspection Officer, U.S. Fleet Forces Command own program to what you want and need incentivizes you to visit NPS and Survey ON DECEMBER 9, Rear Adm. Dixon R. Smith officially took com- Smith explained his initial concerns about finding time to attend the and advance your knowledge.” Rear Adm. Richard Butler Rear Adm. (Sel.) Cynthia A. Covell Head, Strike Aviation Programs mand at Navy Region Southwest headquartered in San Diego, Calif. Sev- courses, but left noting that his time in Monterey was well spent. He sees Franklin explains that NPS has such a diverse and exceptionally-qual- Director, Total Force Requirements eral weeks before that, he spent an intense three days a few hundred miles this as a program that will have lasting value for the Navy and for him in ified faculty that finding the right subject matter expert to facilitate the Division Vice Adm. Scott Swift Commander, U.S. 7th Fleet up California’s coast his new position. TS discussions is not a problem. Rear Adm. Sean A. Pybus at NPS. “I was a bit “We know talent and where to find it. We will find the best person to Commander, Naval Special Warfare Rear Adm. Dixon Smith I was a bit hesitant to attend the course as I felt I didn’t have the time to spend. Command Commander, Navy Region Southwest While the uni- hesitant to at- address the issues desired by the visiting admiral. Our faculty have excel- Rear Adm. Patrick Driscoll Rear Adm. (Sel.) Victorino Mercado versity’s student After talking to some folks who had previously attended I decided to give tend the course lent credentials and absolutely pertinent research expertise that relate to Deputy Chief of Staff for Global Deputy Director, Surface Warfare; population typi- as I felt I didn’t our Navy’s leadership and their requirements,” he continued. “And that’s Force Management, Joint Operations Chief of Naval Operations Staff it a try. I’m glad I did as I will now go into my new job and do some things and Fleet/Joint Training cally provides mid- have the time just the academic background. There is also the practical or functional Vice Adm. (Sel.) William French level officers with to spend. After background that is also invaluable.” Rear Adm. Arthur J. Johnson Commander, Navy Region Southwest differently. If I hadn’t attended and increased my knowledge in those areas I Director, Assessment Division a defense-based talking to some Another component of the TS program that Franklin and McAnally Rear Adm. Terry Kraft knew I was weak in, I would have continued doing the same things as I had Rear Adm. (Sel.) Barry Bruner Commander, Navy Warfare education, roughly folks who had find valuable is the ‘reach back’ opportunity. Once the admirals see the Director, Undersea Warfare Division Development Command, Norfolk 15 times a year, the previously at- resources and expertise available to them, they will often seek follow-up previously and wondered why nothing improved.” Rear Adm. Earl Gay Rear Adm. (Sel.) Kenneth Perry campus welcomes Rear Adm. Dixon R. Smith tended I decided engagement with NPS faculty once they are in the new job. Commander, Navy Recruiting Vice Commander, Naval Mine and senior Navy Flag Commander, Navy Region Southwest to give it a try,” “The TS program began in mid-2010. In the first few months, it was Command Anti-Submarine Warfare Officers as they take explained Smith. apparent that we should offer the opportunity for the admirals to fol- Rear Adm. Peter Fanta Rear Adm. Scott Sanders part in the Transition Support (TS) Program, hosted by NPS’ Center for “I’m glad I did as I will now go into my new job and do some things dif- low up with some of these specialists,” explained Franklin. “It became Commander, Expeditionary Strike Reserve Deputy Director, JCW J7, Group Five Joint Staff Executive Education (CEE). ferently. If I hadn’t attended and increased my knowledge in those areas obvious that we should invite the admirals to reach back and continue 22 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 23 University Inducts Two New Members into Prestigious Hall of Fame By MC1 Leonardo Carrillo

THE NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL inducted two new quality education to so many over so many years … bringing innovation members, retired Adm. Stan Arthur and Dr. J. Phillip (Jack) London, to and informed decision making to this country’s military.” its Hall of Fame during a ceremony, Dec. 2. Oliver then presented the 17th new member of the Hall of Fame, Dr. Adm. Stanley Arthur served as Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet and J. Phillip (Jack) London. Oliver pointed out London’s contributions to Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command for Operations Des- some of the nation’s most innovative and historic endeavors such as his ert Shield/Desert Storm, and as Vice Chief of Naval Operations. London participation as a member of the recovery team for Col. John Glenn’s served as a naval aviator during the Vietnam War, and Aide and Ad- space flight aboard Freedom 7. ministrative Assistant to the Vice Chief of the Naval Material Command He emphasized London’s continuous service throughout his career in during his active duty service. Following his naval career, London has the Navy and as a civilian, being actively involved with multiple organiza- been instrumental in the growth of CACI from a small consulting firm, tions of social and national value. London took the podium and thanked to a global professional and information technology services provider Oliver, as well as all in attendance, for the prestigious honor. Faculty cross Spruance Plaza during the graduation procession for the Fall Quarter commencement ceremonies, Dec. 16. A total of 365 to the defense, homeland security and intelligence sectors. With more “To be even considered to the NPS Hall of Fame is an honor that I students earned advanced degrees during this quarter’s ceremony. than 14,000 employees worldwide, London currently serves as Executive would have never expected,” said London. “At the same time, I am very Chairman for CACI. proud to have been a graduate of such a fine institution. “The Hall of Fame was established 10 years ago to recognize mem- “The Naval Postgraduate School instilled in me a certain framework bers of the NPS community who have committed their careers and lives for decision-making, through many courses, hundreds or maybe thou- to public service,” said NPS President Dan Oliver during his opening sands of hours of studying that in the long run made me a better leader,” speech. “Today, we welcome Dr. Jack London and Admiral Stan Arthur said London. He listed several commands and situations where he was Campus Icon Wayne Hughes Encourages Graduates among them.” faced with challenges and difficulties, but he was able to face them be- Oliver presented Admiral Stanley Arthur as the 16th member of the cause of what he learned at the school. “Nothing could beat the commit- During Fall Commencement Ceremonies Hall of Fame praising his more than 38-year career serving actively in the ment and intensity that I discovered at NPS.” U.S. Navy. He said that Arthur “exemplified the leadership qualities that The NPS Hall of Fame was established to recognize the accomplish- By MC1 Rob Rubio are most critical for members of the armed forces.” ments of the university’s most distinguished alumni and friends who, “It’s truly an honor to be among you all today. Never in my wildest through the attainment of positions at the highest levels of public service, “YOU SHOULD BE justly proud of what you have accomplished here. Lt. Cmdr. Sarah F. Michael is the Fall quarter’s recipient of the Monterey imagination would I think that I would be here to accept this special have made the greatest contributions to society, their nations and to the We will be proud to call you NPS alumni, and look forward to hearing Council Navy League Award for Highest Academic Achievement. She said, honor,” said Arthur. “This school is a very special place. It has provided Naval Postgraduate School. great things from you in the future.” “I am extremely honored to have been nominated for the Navy League With these words by university President Dan Oliver, so began com- Award, and even more so to have been chosen as this year’s recipient. My mencement ceremonies for the Fall quarter’s round of graduates. In intro- tour at NPS and in the Monterey area has been a time of significant per- ducing this quarter’s guest speaker, retired Navy Captain and NPS Professor sonal and professional growth. I am very grateful to the Navy for the op- of Practice Wayne Hughes, Oliver remarked, “He is a universally esteemed portunity to be here, and I hope to someday return to the area for a Ph.D.” colleague among his peers, a revered mentor to his students … One of the Capt. Yuval Nevo of the Israeli Air Force won the Outstanding Aca- great pleasures of my tenure here is that it has overlapped some of his.” demic Achievement Award for International Students. He commented Hughes highlighted his keynote address by reminding these new that his time here at NPS was an amazing experience for him, due in part graduates that, as they return to their services, they are following in the he says to Operations Research (OR) department faculty and the enrich- wake of generations of NPS alumni who have impacted the world around ing interactions with other OR students. them. He added that while they all come from diverse personal back- “The professors are very dedicated to our success and our under- grounds and professional duties, they are returning to their jobs better standing of the things we study, especially my thesis advisors from whom equipped to take more varied tasks in the future. “Expand your horizons, I learned a lot with the many valuable lessons they provided,” remarked because this is the essence of leadership,” he noted. Nevo. “I learned a lot about OR from the other students and their many Hughes closed by saying, “This is not an egalitarian creed that aspires to other perspectives both American and international, which was an amaz- achieve equal wealth and happiness for everyone in society. In my society, ing experience,” he added. “And I did try scuba diving while I was here, in the Navy, at the Naval Postgraduate School and the nation, I look for the which is not something that I did in Israel. California is one of the best lions. They are the leaders who will take charge selflessly and make a better places in the world to see, hike and travel around.” society … To the graduating class, I ask you to find two or more lions and A total of 365 students earning 369 degrees graduated this quarter, nurture their careers, to make our entire profession a better one.” with 316 students crossing the stage in King Auditorium to receive their Hughes’ exemplary career includes more than 60 years of service to diplomas. A total of three Ph.D.s were awarded along with two engineer Dr. J. Phillip (Jack) London, middle, retired Navy Adm. Stanley Arthur, left, and NPS president Dan Oliver, right, are captured near the the nation, including 30 years of active duty military service. “The reason degrees. Two individuals earned dual degrees and one earned a triple de- Hall of Fame display in Herrmann Hall following the induction ceremony that welcomed the newest members into the exclusive and prestigious group of distinguished NPS graduates and friends. I’ve stayed around here so long is that these are the best students in the gree. This quarter’s class included 62 international graduates represent- world,” he added. ing 21 different countries. 24 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 25 NEED TO LOOK UP STRATEGIC MODELS FOR THE WAY Two NPS Students Stabilize Shark Attack Victim GLOBALIZATION AND THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION at Nearby Marina State Beach ARE TRANSFORMING THE NATURE OF WAR? By MC1 Rob Rubio

ON A CRISP Saturday morning, Oct. 29, Monterey County resident Eric “We could tell something was going on when these two were paddling Tarantino, 27, was bitten along the right side of his neck and shoulder to the shore and then ran up onto the beach,” Banfield said. “Someone said THERE’S AN APP FOR THAT by an estimated 15–20 ft. great white shark while surfing at Marina State that he was bit by a shark, and we knew what was obviously going on. Even Beach in nearby Marina, Calif. As Tarantino and his friend struggled to before we got there, we were yelling for first aid kits and one of our friends DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY MOBILE: mdkl.nps.edu paddle back to shore, they were fortunate to find two Naval Postgradu- went to his vehicle to get one. With our Army training, the combat life ate School students — Army Maj. Jonathan Bleakley and Master Sergeant saver training kicked in and we were calm and able to assist the victim.” Garric Banfield — who just happened to be on the beach, getting ready to Bleakley added, “The guy’s buddy helped him onto the beach and we paddle out and hit the waves themselves. saw them, met them halfway, and helped to bring him up to the park- The two active duty service members, and NPS Defense Analysis stu- ing lot and laid him down on the sidewalk where Garric and I just kind dents, with advanced training to treat acute trauma like this, immediately of took over. Another individual with obvious medical training helped knew something was wrong, and jumped into action. us … Other people grabbed towels and sheets and one got a sleeping bag. We appreciated all of the efforts.” The victim was conscious and talking, and had good color, they noted. Banfield applied pressure inside the wound to the neck, while Bleakley was tending to the wounds on the forearm where he had cuts of approximately four inches on the top and six inches on the bottom. A towel was wrapped around the shoulder and arms where pressure was being applied. After what seemed like an eternity for both the victim and rescuers, paramedics arrived in just eight minutes to take over. The students knew the victim was experiencing significant blood loss, and their quick re- sponse limited this, but they take little credit for their actions. Bleakley remarked, “I take no credit for it other than having the Army training that I did. I was very impressed with how my training turned to him. I’m thankful that we have that training.” Army officers get advanced trauma care training at Fort Bragg, Ban- field added. “We’re not medics by any means, but we have been trained in Tactical Combat Casualty Care, which is similar to the Army’s combat life saver training with some more advanced trauma care thrown in.” “I’m glad that I was able to do it. I’m glad that I had the training to be able to do it,” Bleakley noted. “I feel privileged that I was able to help him out … and was able to use my training when it was needed.” Amazingly, both rescuers still did go out into the water later that day, just not there at the Marina State Beach location. A friend of theirs, also study- ing at NPS, was with them for his first day of surfing, and in spite of witness- ing the shark attack, still went out with both students for his first surf. Bleakley, who later that week welcomed his third son, said it was a pretty eventful week for him and his family. And while their families were not wholly pleased they still went out surfing, both men remarked that their significant others were proud of them, and were glad that they had been there to assist Tarantino. Banfield has been in the Army for almost 20 years, while Bleakley has 11 years as an officer after three years in the Enlisted Reserves. Both ar- rived at NPS in June 2011 into the Defense Analysis curriculum from the 95th Civil Affairs Brigade currently at Fort Bragg, N.C. Civil affairs units help military commanders by working with civil authorities and popula- Naval Postgraduate School Defense Analysis students, Army Master Sergeant Garric Banfield, left, and Maj. Jonathan tions to lessen the impact of military operations during peace, contin- Bleakley, right, stand at the location where they quickly gency operations and declared war. Civil Affairs officers focus on hu- applied their acute trauma training to stabilize a recent shark manitarian assistance and training, and building partner nation capacity attack victim until paramedics arrived. through advancements in economic, health and educational systems.

26 In Review • January 2012 naval postgraduate school naval postgraduate school In Review • January 2012 27 Network-in-a-Box In late 2004, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake struck the Indian The self-contained system is at-the-ready, and can be setup Ocean, setting off a series of tsunamis that would devastate anywhere, anytime should disaster strike. And it’s been put coastal cities in 11 countries, from Thailand to Africa. Days later, to the test too, establishing full communications and network NPS researcher, retired Lt. Cmdr. Brian Steckler, made a trip capabilities within hours following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, to Thailand’s devastated coast — it would be a trip that would and providing MediVac communications to the USNS Comfort forever change the course of his career. from the island nation of Haiti following its devastating earthquake of 2010. Steckler was originally going to demonstrate a remote surveillance package he was developing for the Royal Thai It’s just one example of how innovative research at the Naval Armed Forces when he quickly realized the collection of Postgraduate School is in direct response to the current and communications hardware in his possession could be used as an evolving needs of U.S. national security interests around the ad-hoc mobile communications, command and control capability world. In this edition of “In Review,” we capture just a very small for Thailand’s emergency responders. selection of current efforts, and provide a snapshot of student theses over just one quarter. While Steckler’s self-contained Since that fateful trip, Steckler has led a team of faculty, students “network-in-a-box” stands to change the game in humanitarian and researchers in evolving that very idea — and today, his assistance and disaster response missions, every research effort “network-in-a-box” has developed into a full suite of equipment at NPS is grounded in the same philosophy — to improve the that provides a complete self-powered, self-contained effectiveness of the Navy, Department of Defense and enhance Emergency Operations Center, and it all fits into a few airline- our national security. checkable boxes weighing less than 100 lbs. each.