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Ethnobotany of Mauritia Flexuosa (Arecaceae) in a Maroon Community in Central Brazil Renata C. Martins, Tarciso S. Filgueiras

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Ethnobotany of Mauritia Flexuosa (Arecaceae) in a Maroon Community in Central Brazil Renata C. Martins, Tarciso S. Filgueiras Ethnobotany of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in a Maroon Community in Central Brazil Renata C. Martins, Tarciso S. Filgueiras & Ulysses P. de Albuquerque Economic Botany ISSN 0013-0001 Volume 66 Number 1 Econ Bot (2012) 66:91-98 DOI 10.1007/s12231-011-9182-z 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication. 1 23 Author's personal copy Notes on Economic Plants Ethnobotany of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in a Maroon Community in Central Brazil1 ,2 3 RENATA C. MARTINS* ,TARCISO S. FILGUEIRAS , AND 4 ULYSSES P. DE ALBUQUERQUE 2Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 3Departamento Herbário, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 4Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Etnobotânica Aplicada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.), a Brazilian morete, moriche, moriti, muriti, palma real, native palm, is widely used by many ethnic palmeira-buriti, palmeira-dos-brejos (Cymerys groups. In central Brazil, a traditional community et al. 2005; Lorenzi et al. 2010; Martins et al. of African descendants (maroons), known as the 2010a). Kalunga, utilize all the native palm species of the Buriti frequently occurs at low elevations, region. Buriti is the most important palm species forming large populations on river banks and for the Engenho II community of Kalungas, lake margins, around water sources, and in localized in the municipality of Cavalcante, state inundated or humid areas. These buriti pop- of Goiás. Leaves are used for construction, ulations are known in Brazil as “veredas” household utensils, fodder, and medicine. (Ribeiro and Walter 2008) and are ecological Forests and wetlands of the Brazilian Cerrado indicators of the presence of surface water. In are rapidly being converted to pastures and Brazil, buriti is the most widespread of all palm agriculture. Ethnobotanical studies of plant trees, occurring in the Amazon region, Cerrado, resources may aid in their conservation and also Caatinga, and Pantanal (Henderson et al. 1995; improve the lives of the local inhabitants. Lorenzi et al. 2010). The genus Mauritia is comprised of solitary In the Cerrado biome, the buriti palms grow palms, with tall, robust, erect stems and palmate spontaneously in the veredas, surrounded by leaves. Two species are recognized, one of which is shrubby and herbaceous plant communities. widely distributed throughout wet areas in north- They also commonly inhabit inundated gallery ern South America, east of the Andes and just forest habitats (Ribeiro and Walter 2008). These reaching Trinidad (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) palms thrive in flat terrain with humid soils that (Henderson et al. 1995). The other is more permit surface water to accumulate (Reatto et al. narrowly distributed in the Amazon region 2008). (Mauritia carana Wallace) (Henderson et al. 1995). Brazilian ethnobotanical studies of palms have The common name buriti is derived from focused mostly on indigenous, ribeirinhos (river- dembyriti, awordfromthenativeIndian margin dwellers of mixed ethnicity), and serin- language Tupi-Guarani, and signifies “apalm gueiros (itinerant rubber collectors) (e.g., Campos tree that oozes liquid.” Other common names and Ehringhaus 2003;Kahn1988). A few for this majestic palm include aeta, aguaje, bariti, ethnobotanical studies have been conducted in boriti, buriti palm, canaguche, carandá-guaçú, maroon communities in Brazil (Barroso et al. carandaí-guaçú, carandai-guazu, chomiya, 2010; Crepaldi and Peixoto 2010; Silva and coqueiro-buriti, ideui, ite, mariti, meriti, miriti, Freitas 2008). Economic Botany, 66(1), 2012, pp. 91–98 © 2011, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. Author's personal copy 92 ECONOMIC BOTANY [VOL 66 This note presents a preliminary qualitative/ mentioned, with a total of 16 ethnospecies, quantitative account of the myriad subsistence belonging to 16 botanical species, identified by uses by a maroon community of the buriti palm the senior author (Martins et al. 2010b; Martins Mauritia flexuosa. and Filgueiras 2006). Ethnobotanical data were collected in 88 Material and Methods homes using checklist interviews (Albuquerque Kalunga are Cerrado inhabitants who live in et al. 2010; Alexiades and Sheldon 1996; Martin the state of Goiás, in central Brazil. They live in 1994). There are 102 homes in Engenho II, but the municipalities of Cavalcanti, Teresina de some owners were living in cultivated field areas. Goiás, and Monte Alegre, grouped in different A catalogue with color photographs of 16 native communities. They are descendants from palm species occurring in the area was shown to enslaved Africans that escaped bondage and the community members being interviewed reached the northern part the state of Goiás in (Martins et al. 2010b). The interview was divided the eighteenth century (Velloso 2007). Most into three stages: 1) Photographs were shown to Kalungas now live near rivers or creeks and their therespondentsonebyone.Weaskedthe households are built from adobe with buriti following questions: Do you know this plant? thatched roofs (Martins et al. 2010b) (Fig. 1). What is its name? Have you ever used or known This study was conducted in the Kalunga uses for this plant? For what? How do you use it? maroon community Engenho II, Cavalcanti (13° 2) We asked the respondent to order the 16 47′51.4″ S, 47°27′19.8″ W). After obtaining plants according to their preference. This ordina- consent of the local Kalunga community, we tion technique is quite useful for detecting local applied for an authorization from the Conselho preferences (Albuquerque et al. 2010). Data de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético, a bureau analysis was done using the program Anthropac from the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, (Borgatti 1992). Buriti was recognized by all to access the traditional knowledge of that respondents, listed in the first position by 88% of community. An official authorization was issued them. Given the cultural importance of this palm, (“Deliberation number 250, authorization num- we present only the results on it. 3) We visited ber 48/2009”) and published in the federal each household (n=88) and asked if they had any government daily paper (Diário Oficial da articles made from palms. The names of species, União) on 16 April 2010. artifacts, and the forms of utilization were At the beginning of the research, we conducted annotated. If the craftsman who made the article open interviews with tour guides and local leaders was present, we asked its perceived economic in Engenho II. We asked what palms species they value. knew in the region. We wrote down all names, As a feedback to the Kalunga community, collected herbarium specimens of all the species the authors and local guides (Mr. João S. Rosa, Mrs. Januária M. de Sena, and Mr. Jorge M. da Silva) are preparing a field guide of the local palm species as part of the Brazilian law of access to genetic heritage and associated tradi- tional knowledge (Medida Provisória nº 2.186– 16). The field guide will be written taking into consideration input from the community mem- bers who will have the opportunity to incorpo- rate their traditional knowledge of the local palm flora. Results and Discussion The uses of the different palm species were classified into the following categories: food, handicraft, construction, medicine/cosmetics, fer- Fig. 1. Kalunga home built with abode walls using tilizer, and direct use (Table 1). Buriti leads the buriti and indaiá leaves for roofing. Engenho II list of the native palm species utilized by the community, Cavalcante-GO. Kalungas at the Engenho II community. The Author's personal copy 2012] NOTES 93 TABLE 1. BURITI (MAURITIA FLEXUOSA) USES BY THE ENGENHO II KALUNGA COMMUNITY: CATEGORY, PLANT PART USED, AND DESCRIPTION OF THE USE. Category Part used Use description Food Stipe A unfermented liquid (called locally “wine”)is extracted from the pith and consumed. Also pancake-like food is made from the pith starch. Fruit The mesocarp is eaten in natura or is used to make juices, ice-cream, sweets, molasses, and “sambereba” (a dish made with buriti pulp, cassava flour, and sugar). Seed Seeds from immature fruits are eaten in natura; seeds from mature fruits are used to make coffee powder. Construction Stipe Old stipes are used to build chicken nests and “jirau,” a type of rustic bench used as support for home utensils in general; the “bark” of the stipe is used to build rustic beds. Leaf (“straw”) Roofs, walls, chicken house, and assorted useful items (e.g., hand fans). Medicine/cosmetic Stipe The liquid (“wine”) extracted from the pith is used against diabetes. Roots Against rheumatism (associated or not with the roots of buritirana, Mauritiella armata), back-aches. Petiole (“braço”) Squeezed petiole juice is used against snake bites. Fruits The oil extracted from the mesocarp is utilized to cure respiratory problems, pneumonia, asthma, coughs, influenza, fever, snake bite and heart
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