Water Politics and Religious Practices in Kangding
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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Operation China
Minyak August 7 Location: A 1983 study listed 15,000 were bullied by the Minyak living in extremely remote violent Khampa. regions of central Sichuan Province.1 Rock reported, “The The Minyak live in the shadow of the Minya [Minyak] mighty 7,556-meter (24,783 ft.) Tibetan’s homes Gongga Mountain (Minya Konka in have been burned Tibetan). The region was first several times by described in 1930 by intrepid explorer [Khampa] outlaws. Joseph Rock: “A scenic wonder of the On previous raids world, this region is 45 days from the the Minya people nearest railhead. For centuries it may could only flee into remain a closed land, save to such the hills and leave privileged few as care to crawl like their homes to the ants through its canyons of tropical robbers.”8 The heat and up its glaciers and passes in Minyak may be blinding snowstorms, carrying their descended from food with them.”2 survivors of the destruction of Identity: The Minyak are part of the Minyak (in present- Tibetan nationality. They have been day Ningxia) by described as a “peaceful, sedentary Genghis Khan in Paul Hattaway Tibetan tribe, a most inoffensive, 1227. Christianity: Although there are obliging, happy-go-lucky people.”3 presently no known Christians among Most of the members of this group Customs: The Minyak live quiet lives the Minyak, the China Inland Mission call themselves Minyak, except for in nearly complete isolation from the did have a station in Tatsienlu (now those living at Kangding and the rest of the world. Most of their Kangding), on the edge of Minyak Tanggu area of Jiulong County who call villages are accessible only by foot. -
Trials of a Tibetan Monk: the Case of Tenzin Delek
Human Rights Watch February 2004, Vol. 16, No. 1 (C) Trials of a Tibetan Monk: The Case of Tenzin Delek Map 1: Provinces and Autonomous Regions of the People’s Republic of China..............................1 Map2: Sichuan Province and Surrounding Areas....................................................................................2 Map 3: Southeastern Section of Kardze/Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture............................3 I. Summary ....................................................................................................................................................5 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................7 A Note on Methodology.........................................................................................................................8 II. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................10 Tenzin Delek ..........................................................................................................................................12 Lobsang Dondrup..................................................................................................................................14 Bombs......................................................................................................................................................15 III. Arrests...................................................................................................................................................17 -
Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: Harvest and Use in Tibet
HerbalGram 83 • August – October 2009 83 • August HerbalGram Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • St. John’s Wort and Birth Control The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 83 | August – October 2009 Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • Lemongrass for Oral Thrush • Hibiscus for Blood Pressure • St. John’s Wort and BirthWort Control • St. John’s Blood Pressure • HibiscusThrush for Oral for 250th Anniversary Medicine • Reviving Graeco-Arabic • Lemongrass Kew’s US/CAN $6.95 Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: www.herbalgram.org Harvest and Use in Tibet www.herbalgram.org www.herbalgram.org 2009 HerbalGram 83 | 1 STILL HERBAL AFTER ALL THESE YEARS Celebrating 30 Years of Supporting America’s Health The year 2009 marks Herb Pharm’s 30th anniversary as a leading producer and distributor of therapeutic herbal extracts. During this time we have continually emphasized the importance of using the best quality certified organically cultivated and sustainably-wildcrafted herbs to produce our herbal healthcare products. This is why we created the “Pharm Farm” – our certified organic herb farm, and the “Plant Plant” – our modern, FDA-audited production facility. It is here that we integrate the centuries-old, time-proven knowledge and wisdom of traditional herbal medicine with the herbal sciences and technology of the 21st Century. Equally important, Herb Pharm has taken a leadership role in social and environmental responsibility through projects like our use of the Blue Sky renewable energy program, our farm’s streams and Supporting America’s Health creeks conservation program, and the Botanical Sanctuary program Since 1979 whereby we research and develop practical methods for the conser- vation and organic cultivation of endangered wild medicinal herbs. -
Barbarian Lands: Theos Bernard, Tibet, and the American Religious Life Paul Gerard Hackett
Barbarian Lands: Theos Bernard, Tibet, and the American Religious Life Paul Gerard Hackett Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2008 InDesignImportTest_prelim.indd 1 11/4/08 9:12:19 PM © 2008 Paul G. Hackett All rights reserved InDesignImportTest_prelim.indd 3 11/4/08 9:12:19 PM 970 APPENDIX III: A BRIEF SURVEY OF AMERICAN VISITORS TO TIBET Barbarian_Plates-App.III.indd 970 5/1/08 2:20:08 PM 971 While several scholars have attempted to identify (and verify) the claims of European travelers to Tibet over the centuries, from the claims of Marco Polo, Bernard Picart, Ippolito Desideri, and others,(a) a comprehensive overview of American travellers has yet to be written. While this appendix is by no means an answer to that challenge or justifiably comprehensive, it is an attempt in that direction. Hence, while the precise identification of the names and numbers of American travelers in the Tibetan border regions of Amdo and Kham — the regions of Tibet immediately accessible from China and Mongolia — are difficult to ascertain, let alone verify, visitors to the putative capital of Tibet (intellectually and culturally, if not politically) are well-documented. (a) For example: Donald Lopez, Prisoners of Shangri-la. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1998); Robert Trent Pomplun, “Spiritual Warfare: The Jesuits and the Dalai Lama 1716-1733.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Virginia (2002); Oxford University Press (forthcoming). Barbarian_Plates-App.III.indd 971 5/1/08 2:20:09 PM 972 The following is a brief survey of American visitors to Tibet that I have been able to identify, chronologically organized with those who managed to reach Lhasa, marked with an asterisk. -
2015) Numer 3-4 (36-37
R e l i g i e • Chrześcijaństwo • K o ś c i ó ł Rok X (2015) Numer 3-4 (36-37) ISSN 1896-849X Treść numeru: 內容 Biuletyn informacyjny „Chiny Dzisiaj”, wydawany kwartalnie przez Komisję Episkopatu 訊息 Informacje (3-19) Polski ds. Misji, Polską Prowincję Zgromadzenia Słowa Bożego ● Od redakcji: Chrześcijanie w Tybecie ● Religie, chrześcijaństwo i Kościół w Chi- oraz Polską Prowincję ● Chrystusa Króla nach: Kronika * Notatki (1 lipca - 31 grudnia 2015) Bezimienna większość – re- Stowarzyszenia fleksje po konferencji o roli kobiety w chińskich Kościołach chrześcijańskich ● Roz- Apostolstwa Katolickiego, ● jest poświęcony krzewianie wiary przez badania naukowe. 80. rocznica Monumenta Serica In me- problematyce religii moriam: W służbie Słowa Bożego na Tajwanie i w ChRL. Ojciec Arnold Sprenger w Chinach, ze szczególnym SVD (1929–2015) uwzględnieniem chrześcijaństwa, a zwłaszcza Kościoła katolickiego w Chińskiej 主題 Tematy (20-47) Republice Ludowej • Część zamieszczonych ● Misje na dachu świata – tybetańscy katolicy dzisiaj w biuletynie materiałów DANIEL SALZGEBER pochodzi z niemieckiego kwartalnika ● Relacje Kościół–państwo i ich wpływ na chrześcijańską działalność dobroczynną katolickiego „China heute”, w Chinach – historia i perspektywy wydawanego przez WANG MEIXIU China Zentrum w Sankt Augustin Ponad Wschodem i Zachodem – O jaki ideał człowieczeństwa chodziło Johnowi • Wu (1899–1986)? cz. II BIGNIEW ESOŁOWSKI Założyciel Z W o. Roman Malek SVD • 歷史 Redakcja Notatki historyczne (48-53) o. Antoni Koszorz SVD – redaktor odpowiedzialny; o. Piotr Adamek SVD; Zarys historii religii w Tybecie o. Zbigniew Wesołowski SVD IOTR DAMEK [email protected] P A Weronika Maria Klebba SSpS Sylwetki myślicieli chińskich (11): Yang Zhu ZBIGNIEW WESOŁOWSKI Zespół wydawniczy o. Kazimierz Szymczycha SVD o. -
Studies on Ethnic Groups in China
Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page i studies on ethnic groups in china Stevan Harrell, Editor Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page ii studies on ethnic groups in china Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers Edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad Edited by Nicole Constable Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China Jonathan N. Lipman Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China Mette Halskov Hansen Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 Edward J. M. Rhoads Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China Stevan Harrell Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers Edited by Morris Rossabi On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page iii ON THE MARGINS OF TIBET Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS Seattle and London Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/7/05 12:47 PM Page iv this publication was supported in part by the donald r. ellegood international publications endowment. Copyright © 2005 by the University of Washington Press Printed in United States of America Designed by Pamela Canell 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any infor- mation storage or retrieval system, without permission in writ- ing from the publisher. -
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS and POWER in the MAKING of MODERN CHINA's XIKANG PROVINCE by MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted In
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS AND POWER IN THE MAKING OF MODERN CHINA’S XIKANG PROVINCE BY MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Dan Shao, Chair Associate Professor Robert Morrissey Assistant Professor Roderick Wilson Associate Professor Laura Hostetler, University of Illinois Chicago Abstract This dissertation takes the relationship between agricultural plants and power as its primary lens on the history of Chinese state-building in the Kham region of eastern Tibet during the early twentieth century. Farming was central to the way nationalist discourse constructed the imagined community of the Chinese nation, and it was simultaneously a material practice by which settlers reconfigured the biotic community of soils, plants, animals, and human beings along the frontier. This dissertation shows that Kham’s turbulent absorption into the Chinese nation-state was shaped by a perpetual feedback loop between the Han political imagination and the grounded experiences of soldiers and settlers with the ecology of eastern Tibet. Neither expressions of state power nor of indigenous resistance to the state operated neatly within the human landscape. Instead, the rongku—or “flourishing and withering”—of the state was the product of an ecosystem. This study chronicles Chinese state-building in Kham from Zhao Erfeng’s conquest of the region that began in 1905 until the arrival of the People’s Liberation Army in 1950. Qing officials hatched a plan to convert Kham into a new “Xikang Province” in the last years of the empire, and officials in the Republic of China finally realized that goal in 1939. -
Wandering Elephants Unlikely to Return Home Soon, Experts
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Tuesday, June 22, 2021 | 5 CHINA We have PATHWAYS TO PROGRESS liftoff Famous bridge a growing Students launch a rocket propelled by pressurized water attraction for history fans during a science fair in Huaibei, Anhui province, on Sunday. By Huang ZHILING Despite that, Red Army soldiers A two-day competi- in Luding, Sichuan crossed the bridge, suffering only a tion over the weekend [email protected] few deaths among their 22-strong gave students the force. chance to showcase Soon after the national college The Red Army’s crossing of the their abilities to build entrance examination ended on Dadu River was one of the most model rockets and June 8, Hao Jun, an 18-year-old from important events of the Long March ships. Chengdu, Sichuan province, decid- (1934-36), because if it had failed, WAN SHANCHAO / ed to book a bus ticket for Luding the Red Army might have been FOR CHINA DAILY county in the province’s Garze Tibet- wiped out. an autonomous prefecture. In the first five months of this He wanted to refresh himself aft- year, 891,700 people visited Luding, er years of preparation for the exam. more than two and a half times as Luding is far from the madding many as in the same period last year. crowd in Chengdu and features the Tourism earnings surpassed 980 famous Luding Bridge and his million yuan ($153 million), Lu said. favorite red cherries. Since March, the number of tour- His parents readily accepted his ists visiting Luding Bridge has been plan, as Luding is only a two-and-a- rising, with 1,000 to 2,000 people half- to three-hour bus ride away. -
An Excerpt from Wilson's China: a Century On
An Excerpt From Wilson’s China: A Century On Mark Flanagan and Tony Kirkham Editor’s Note: Ernest Henry Wilson was one of the most intrepid and productive plant hunters of his era—the beginning of the twentieth century. His collecting trips to China—first for Veitch Nurseries in England and then on behalf of the Arnold Arboretum—resulted in an extraordinary stream of new plants to the West. Arboretum director Charles Sprague Sargent instructed Wilson to thoroughly document his 1907–1908 and 1910 expeditions with photo- graphs; these striking images still reside in the Arboretum’s archives. Mark Flanagan, Keeper of the Gardens at Windsor Great Park, and Tony Kirkham, Head of the Arboretum at Kew, are modern-day plant hunters, having traveled and collected exten- sively in eastern Asia. Admirers of Wilson, they plotted a journey to retrace his footsteps in Sichuan, China. Using Wilson’s expedition photographs as a guide, they were able to capture views of some of the very same locations and even plants that Wilson saw a century ago. Their book pays homage to Wilson and provides a fascinating “then-and-now” glimpse of China’s landscape. The following is an excerpt from Chapter 3, “Mystery Towers of Danba.” Tatien-lu is a small and filthy dirty place, it boasts a large mixed population of Chinese and Tibetans. Being on the highway from Pekin to Lhasa, officials are constantly passing and re-passing. This makes it a highly important place, both politically and commercially. Although Batang, 18 days journey to the west, is the actual frontier town, Tatien-lu is really the gate of Tibet.1 ilson’s accurate but rather unflattering description of Kangding was penned at the conclusion of his first visit to the town in 1903. -
F 521 148 Vol 16
'BLICATION OF THE INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY • F- 521 - 148- VOL 16- N02 INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF TRUSTEES SARAH EVANS BARKER, Indianapolis f\.liCHAEI A. BucKMAN. Indianapolis, Second Vice Chajr MARY ANN BRADLFY, Indianapolis EDWARD E. BREEN, f\·farion, First Vice Chair DIANNEJ. C.'\RT).JI::L, Brown'ilOWll PATRICIA D. CURRAN, Indianapolis EDGAR CLtNN o,wrs, Indianapolis DANIEL M. EN'"I, lndiHnapolis RJCIIARD D. fELDMAN, Indianapolis RJCIIARD E. FORD, Wabash R. R-wI I AWKINS, Cannel THO�IA5 G. HOBACK, Indianapolis, Secretary lVlARTIN LAK•:, Marion LARRY S. LU'IOJS,Indianapolis POLLYjON TZ LENNON, Indianapolis jAMES H. MADISON, Bloomington MARYj ANE MEE.KER, Carmel ANUR£W \V. NICKLE, South Bend GEORC:F F. RAPP, Indianapolis BONNIE A. REILLY, indianapolis £VALINE H. RHODEHAMI�L, Indianapolis l.r\N M. ROLLAND, Fort \r\'ayne, Chair jAMES C. SHOOKJR., Indianapolis P. R. SwEENEY, Vincennes, Treasurer RoBERT B. ToOTHAKER, SouLh Bend W!LI.IA·'I I-f. \oVJC,GINS jR., Bloomington ADMINISTRATION SAI.VAJ'ORE G. Cn.ELLAJR., President RAY\·IOND L. SHOEMAKER, Executive Vice President At'\/NAHELLhj. JACKSON, Controller SuSAN P. BROWN, Senior Director, Human Resources STEPHEN 1. Cox, Vice President, Collections, Conservation, and Public Programs TIIOl\IAS A. MASON, Vice President, IHS Press BRENDA MYERS, Vice President, Marketing and Public Relations LINDA L. PRATI, Vice President, Development and Membership DARA BROOKS, Director, Membership CAROLYN S. SMJTII, Membership Coordinator TRACES OF INDIANA AND MIDWESTERN HISTORY RAY E. BOOMHOWER, Managing Editor GEORGE R. H.A.'\'LIN, Assiswnt Editor CONTRIBUTING EDITORS M. TEI<ESA BAER KATHLEEN M. BREEN DOUGU\S E. ClANIN WHAT'S NEXT? PAULA]. -
Educating for Exclusion in Western China: Structural and Institutional Dimensions of Conflict in the Tibetan Areas of Qinghai and Tibet
Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, OX1 3TB, UK Tel: +44 1865 281810; Fax: +44 1865 281801; http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/ Educating for Exclusion in Western China: Structural and institutional dimensions of conflict in the Tibetan areas of Qinghai and Tibet Andrew M. Fischer CRISE WORKING PAPER No. 69 July 2009 © Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity The UK Department of International Development (DFID) supports policies, programmes and projects to promote international development. DFID provided funds for this study as part of that objective, but the views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) alone. CRISE Working Paper No. 69 Educating for Exclusion in Western China: structural and institutional dimensions of conflict in the Tibetan areas of Qinghai and Tibet Abstract This paper examines the conflictive repercussions of exclusionary processes in the Tibetan areas of western China, with a focus on Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. In both provinces, the implementation of competitive labour market reforms within a context of severe educational inequalities is argued to have accentuated exclusionary dynamics along linguistic, cultural and political modes of bias despite rapid urban-centred economic growth and increasing school enrolments since the mid-1990s. These modes of bias operate not only at lower strata of the labour hierarchy but also at upper strata. The resultant ethnically exclusionary dynamics, particularly in upper strata, offer important insights into conflictive tensions in the region. At a more theoretical level, these insights suggest that exclusion needs to be differentiated from poverty (even relative poverty) given that exclusionary processes can occur vertically throughout social hierarchies and can even intensify with movements out of poverty.