02 03 China's Sichuan Province
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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Operation China
Minyak August 7 Location: A 1983 study listed 15,000 were bullied by the Minyak living in extremely remote violent Khampa. regions of central Sichuan Province.1 Rock reported, “The The Minyak live in the shadow of the Minya [Minyak] mighty 7,556-meter (24,783 ft.) Tibetan’s homes Gongga Mountain (Minya Konka in have been burned Tibetan). The region was first several times by described in 1930 by intrepid explorer [Khampa] outlaws. Joseph Rock: “A scenic wonder of the On previous raids world, this region is 45 days from the the Minya people nearest railhead. For centuries it may could only flee into remain a closed land, save to such the hills and leave privileged few as care to crawl like their homes to the ants through its canyons of tropical robbers.”8 The heat and up its glaciers and passes in Minyak may be blinding snowstorms, carrying their descended from food with them.”2 survivors of the destruction of Identity: The Minyak are part of the Minyak (in present- Tibetan nationality. They have been day Ningxia) by described as a “peaceful, sedentary Genghis Khan in Paul Hattaway Tibetan tribe, a most inoffensive, 1227. Christianity: Although there are obliging, happy-go-lucky people.”3 presently no known Christians among Most of the members of this group Customs: The Minyak live quiet lives the Minyak, the China Inland Mission call themselves Minyak, except for in nearly complete isolation from the did have a station in Tatsienlu (now those living at Kangding and the rest of the world. Most of their Kangding), on the edge of Minyak Tanggu area of Jiulong County who call villages are accessible only by foot. -
Trials of a Tibetan Monk: the Case of Tenzin Delek
Human Rights Watch February 2004, Vol. 16, No. 1 (C) Trials of a Tibetan Monk: The Case of Tenzin Delek Map 1: Provinces and Autonomous Regions of the People’s Republic of China..............................1 Map2: Sichuan Province and Surrounding Areas....................................................................................2 Map 3: Southeastern Section of Kardze/Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture............................3 I. Summary ....................................................................................................................................................5 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................7 A Note on Methodology.........................................................................................................................8 II. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................10 Tenzin Delek ..........................................................................................................................................12 Lobsang Dondrup..................................................................................................................................14 Bombs......................................................................................................................................................15 III. Arrests...................................................................................................................................................17 -
Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: Harvest and Use in Tibet
HerbalGram 83 • August – October 2009 83 • August HerbalGram Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • St. John’s Wort and Birth Control The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 83 | August – October 2009 Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • Lemongrass for Oral Thrush • Hibiscus for Blood Pressure • St. John’s Wort and BirthWort Control • St. John’s Blood Pressure • HibiscusThrush for Oral for 250th Anniversary Medicine • Reviving Graeco-Arabic • Lemongrass Kew’s US/CAN $6.95 Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: www.herbalgram.org Harvest and Use in Tibet www.herbalgram.org www.herbalgram.org 2009 HerbalGram 83 | 1 STILL HERBAL AFTER ALL THESE YEARS Celebrating 30 Years of Supporting America’s Health The year 2009 marks Herb Pharm’s 30th anniversary as a leading producer and distributor of therapeutic herbal extracts. During this time we have continually emphasized the importance of using the best quality certified organically cultivated and sustainably-wildcrafted herbs to produce our herbal healthcare products. This is why we created the “Pharm Farm” – our certified organic herb farm, and the “Plant Plant” – our modern, FDA-audited production facility. It is here that we integrate the centuries-old, time-proven knowledge and wisdom of traditional herbal medicine with the herbal sciences and technology of the 21st Century. Equally important, Herb Pharm has taken a leadership role in social and environmental responsibility through projects like our use of the Blue Sky renewable energy program, our farm’s streams and Supporting America’s Health creeks conservation program, and the Botanical Sanctuary program Since 1979 whereby we research and develop practical methods for the conser- vation and organic cultivation of endangered wild medicinal herbs. -
Studies on Ethnic Groups in China
Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page i studies on ethnic groups in china Stevan Harrell, Editor Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page ii studies on ethnic groups in china Cultural Encounters on China’s Ethnic Frontiers Edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad Edited by Nicole Constable Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China Jonathan N. Lipman Lessons in Being Chinese: Minority Education and Ethnic Identity in Southwest China Mette Halskov Hansen Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861–1928 Edward J. M. Rhoads Ways of Being Ethnic in Southwest China Stevan Harrell Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers Edited by Morris Rossabi On the Margins of Tibet: Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/4/05 4:10 PM Page iii ON THE MARGINS OF TIBET Cultural Survival on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier Åshild Kolås and Monika P. Thowsen UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON PRESS Seattle and London Kolas&Thowsen, Margins 1/7/05 12:47 PM Page iv this publication was supported in part by the donald r. ellegood international publications endowment. Copyright © 2005 by the University of Washington Press Printed in United States of America Designed by Pamela Canell 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any infor- mation storage or retrieval system, without permission in writ- ing from the publisher. -
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS and POWER in the MAKING of MODERN CHINA's XIKANG PROVINCE by MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted In
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS AND POWER IN THE MAKING OF MODERN CHINA’S XIKANG PROVINCE BY MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Dan Shao, Chair Associate Professor Robert Morrissey Assistant Professor Roderick Wilson Associate Professor Laura Hostetler, University of Illinois Chicago Abstract This dissertation takes the relationship between agricultural plants and power as its primary lens on the history of Chinese state-building in the Kham region of eastern Tibet during the early twentieth century. Farming was central to the way nationalist discourse constructed the imagined community of the Chinese nation, and it was simultaneously a material practice by which settlers reconfigured the biotic community of soils, plants, animals, and human beings along the frontier. This dissertation shows that Kham’s turbulent absorption into the Chinese nation-state was shaped by a perpetual feedback loop between the Han political imagination and the grounded experiences of soldiers and settlers with the ecology of eastern Tibet. Neither expressions of state power nor of indigenous resistance to the state operated neatly within the human landscape. Instead, the rongku—or “flourishing and withering”—of the state was the product of an ecosystem. This study chronicles Chinese state-building in Kham from Zhao Erfeng’s conquest of the region that began in 1905 until the arrival of the People’s Liberation Army in 1950. Qing officials hatched a plan to convert Kham into a new “Xikang Province” in the last years of the empire, and officials in the Republic of China finally realized that goal in 1939. -
Wandering Elephants Unlikely to Return Home Soon, Experts
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Tuesday, June 22, 2021 | 5 CHINA We have PATHWAYS TO PROGRESS liftoff Famous bridge a growing Students launch a rocket propelled by pressurized water attraction for history fans during a science fair in Huaibei, Anhui province, on Sunday. By Huang ZHILING Despite that, Red Army soldiers A two-day competi- in Luding, Sichuan crossed the bridge, suffering only a tion over the weekend [email protected] few deaths among their 22-strong gave students the force. chance to showcase Soon after the national college The Red Army’s crossing of the their abilities to build entrance examination ended on Dadu River was one of the most model rockets and June 8, Hao Jun, an 18-year-old from important events of the Long March ships. Chengdu, Sichuan province, decid- (1934-36), because if it had failed, WAN SHANCHAO / ed to book a bus ticket for Luding the Red Army might have been FOR CHINA DAILY county in the province’s Garze Tibet- wiped out. an autonomous prefecture. In the first five months of this He wanted to refresh himself aft- year, 891,700 people visited Luding, er years of preparation for the exam. more than two and a half times as Luding is far from the madding many as in the same period last year. crowd in Chengdu and features the Tourism earnings surpassed 980 famous Luding Bridge and his million yuan ($153 million), Lu said. favorite red cherries. Since March, the number of tour- His parents readily accepted his ists visiting Luding Bridge has been plan, as Luding is only a two-and-a- rising, with 1,000 to 2,000 people half- to three-hour bus ride away. -
An Excerpt from Wilson's China: a Century On
An Excerpt From Wilson’s China: A Century On Mark Flanagan and Tony Kirkham Editor’s Note: Ernest Henry Wilson was one of the most intrepid and productive plant hunters of his era—the beginning of the twentieth century. His collecting trips to China—first for Veitch Nurseries in England and then on behalf of the Arnold Arboretum—resulted in an extraordinary stream of new plants to the West. Arboretum director Charles Sprague Sargent instructed Wilson to thoroughly document his 1907–1908 and 1910 expeditions with photo- graphs; these striking images still reside in the Arboretum’s archives. Mark Flanagan, Keeper of the Gardens at Windsor Great Park, and Tony Kirkham, Head of the Arboretum at Kew, are modern-day plant hunters, having traveled and collected exten- sively in eastern Asia. Admirers of Wilson, they plotted a journey to retrace his footsteps in Sichuan, China. Using Wilson’s expedition photographs as a guide, they were able to capture views of some of the very same locations and even plants that Wilson saw a century ago. Their book pays homage to Wilson and provides a fascinating “then-and-now” glimpse of China’s landscape. The following is an excerpt from Chapter 3, “Mystery Towers of Danba.” Tatien-lu is a small and filthy dirty place, it boasts a large mixed population of Chinese and Tibetans. Being on the highway from Pekin to Lhasa, officials are constantly passing and re-passing. This makes it a highly important place, both politically and commercially. Although Batang, 18 days journey to the west, is the actual frontier town, Tatien-lu is really the gate of Tibet.1 ilson’s accurate but rather unflattering description of Kangding was penned at the conclusion of his first visit to the town in 1903. -
Educating for Exclusion in Western China: Structural and Institutional Dimensions of Conflict in the Tibetan Areas of Qinghai and Tibet
Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd, OX1 3TB, UK Tel: +44 1865 281810; Fax: +44 1865 281801; http://www.crise.ox.ac.uk/ Educating for Exclusion in Western China: Structural and institutional dimensions of conflict in the Tibetan areas of Qinghai and Tibet Andrew M. Fischer CRISE WORKING PAPER No. 69 July 2009 © Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity The UK Department of International Development (DFID) supports policies, programmes and projects to promote international development. DFID provided funds for this study as part of that objective, but the views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) alone. CRISE Working Paper No. 69 Educating for Exclusion in Western China: structural and institutional dimensions of conflict in the Tibetan areas of Qinghai and Tibet Abstract This paper examines the conflictive repercussions of exclusionary processes in the Tibetan areas of western China, with a focus on Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. In both provinces, the implementation of competitive labour market reforms within a context of severe educational inequalities is argued to have accentuated exclusionary dynamics along linguistic, cultural and political modes of bias despite rapid urban-centred economic growth and increasing school enrolments since the mid-1990s. These modes of bias operate not only at lower strata of the labour hierarchy but also at upper strata. The resultant ethnically exclusionary dynamics, particularly in upper strata, offer important insights into conflictive tensions in the region. At a more theoretical level, these insights suggest that exclusion needs to be differentiated from poverty (even relative poverty) given that exclusionary processes can occur vertically throughout social hierarchies and can even intensify with movements out of poverty. -
Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae) Taxa from China 3-13 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria, Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomofauna Suppl. Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: S17 Autor(en)/Author(s): Saldaitis Aidas, Ivinskis Povilas, Rimsaite Jolanta, Borth Robert Artikel/Article: Two new Nemacerota HAMPSON, [1893] (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae) taxa from China 3-13 © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Two new Nemacerota HAMPSON, [1893] (Lepidoptera, Thyatiridae) taxa from China Aidas SALDAITIS1, Povilas IVINSKIS, Jolanta RIMSAITE & Robert BORTH Abstract A new species, Nemacerota speideli speideli sp. n., and subspecies, Nemacerota speideli severa ssp. n., are described from China‘s Sichuan Province. Keywords: Nemacerota, taxonomy, China, Sichuan. Zusammenfassung Eine neue Art, Nemacerota speideli speideli sp. n., und Unterart, Nemacerota speideli severa ssp. n., werden aus der chinesischen Provinz Sichuan beschrieben. Introduction The genus Nemacerota is a taxonomically problematic genus which now includes 16 species and 1 subspecies with the recently described Nemacerota sejilaa PAN, RONKAY, RONKAY, HAN 2014 and two new taxa described here. Only two other papers on this genus (ZHUANG & WANG, 2013 and PAN et al. 2014) have been published after the latest Nemacerota checklist was prepared by LASZLO, RONKAY, RONKAY & WITT in 2001 as part of an Eurasian Thyatiridae revision. N. speideli speideli sp. n. and N. speideli severa ssp. n. belong to the unconfirmed Nemacerota tancrei (Graeser, 1888) (Fig. 4) species group which includes N. mandibulata LASZLO et al, 2007, N. taurina LASZLO et al, 2007, N. griseobasalis (SICK, 1941) and N. bacsovi LASZLO et al, 2007. The genus Nemacerota is restricted to higher Asian mountain habitats ranging from Pakistan along the main Himalayan chain and the eastern corner of the Tibetan plateau to central China, the Russian Far East, Korea and Japan. -
21 Days Tibet Kham Culture and Nature Overland Travel From
[email protected] +86-28-85593923 21 days Tibet Kham culture and nature overland travel from Chengdu to Lhasa https://windhorsetour.com/sichuan-yunnan-tibet-tour/sichuan-northern-route-tibet-southern-route-tour Chengdu Kangding Ganzi Dege Yading Mount Meili Markham Pomi Bayi Lhasa Have an in-depth exploration of the culture and religious sites in Sichuan Kham before heading to Yading Nature Reserve and Mount Meili, the rest days will be continued along the famous National Road G318 to Lhasa with breathtaking landscapes. Type Private Duration 21 days Theme Culture and Heritage, Natural scenery, Overland, Photography Trip code WT-408 Price From ¥ 19,900 per person Itinerary This tour will lead you to have an in-depth exploration of the rich Tibetan Khampa culture, custom and traditions in Western part of Sichuan province (Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), where you will visit the famous Tibetan Printing Press in Dege and the Yarchen Gar in Pelyul, one of the two main Tibetan Buddhist Institutions in Kham area (the other one is Serta Larung, and it is currently closed to foreign tourists). Afterwards heading to visit Yading Nature Reserve, one of the most beautiful places on Tibetan Plateau called 'Last Shangri-la' accodring to the book of 'Lost Horizon', here you will see the three snow-capped peaks sitting in a triangle formation with forested valleys, clear rivers, glacier-fed lakes and abundant wildlife between them. Then continue the overland travel by crossing Jinsha River to Mount Meili, one of the holy mountains in Tibetan Buddhism. Finally driving a bit north along the National Road G214 up to Markham, the junction city of G214 and G318, where you will have your adventure overland travel to Tibet Lhasa along the famous National Road G318 (Sichuan-Tibet South Highway) with breathtaking views. -
Province City District Longitude Latitude Population Seismic
Province City District Longitude Latitude Population Seismic Intensity Sichuan Chengdu Jinjiang 104.08 30.67 1090422 8 Sichuan Chengdu Qingyang 104.05 30.68 828140 8 Sichuan Chengdu Jinniu 104.05 30.7 800776 8 Sichuan Chengdu Wuhou 104.05 30.65 1075699 8 Sichuan Chengdu Chenghua 104.1 30.67 938785 8 Sichuan Chengdu Longquanyi 104.27 30.57 967203 7 Sichuan Chengdu Qingbaijiang 104.23 30.88 481792 8 Sichuan Chengdu Xindu 104.15 30.83 875703 8 Sichuan Chengdu Wenqu 103.83 30.7 457070 8 Sichuan Chengdu Jintang 104.43 30.85 717227 7 Sichuan Chengdu Shaungliu 103.92 30.58 1079930 8 Sichuan Chengdu Pi 103.88 30.82 896162 8 Sichuan Chengdu Dayi 103.52 30.58 502199 8 Sichuan Chengdu Pujiang 103.5 30.2 439562 8 Sichuan Chengdu Xinjin 103.82 30.42 302199 8 Sichuan Chengdu Dujiangyan 103.62 31 957996 9 Sichuan Chengdu Pengzhou 103.93 30.98 762887 8 Sichuan Chengdu 邛崃 103.47 30.42 612753 8 Sichuan Chengdu Chouzhou 103.67 30.63 661120 8 Sichuan Zigong Ziliujin 104.77 29.35 346401 7 Sichuan Zigong Gongjin 104.72 29.35 460607 7 Sichuan Zigong Da'An 104.77 29.37 382245 7 Sichuan Zigong Yantan 104.87 29.27 272809 ≤6 Sichuan Zigong Rong 104.42 29.47 590640 7 Sichuan Zigong Fushun 104.98 29.18 826196 ≤6 Sichuan Panzihua Dong 101.7 26.55 315462 ≤6 Sichuan Panzihua Xi 101.6 26.6 151383 ≤6 Sichuan Panzihua Renhe 101.73 26.5 223459 ≤6 Sichuan Panzihua Miyi 102.12 26.88 317295 ≤6 Sichuan Panzihua Yanbian 101.85 26.7 208977 ≤6 Sichuan Luzhou Jiangyang 105.45 28.88 625227 ≤6 Sichuan Luzhou Naxi 105.37 28.77 477707 ≤6 Sichuan Luzhou Longmatan 105.43 28.9 436032 ≤6