DOCSLIB.ORG

Aspergillus Is Monophyletic: Evidence from Multiple Gene Phylogenies and Extrolites Profiles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aspergillus Is Monophyletic: Evidence from Multiple Gene Phylogenies and Extrolites Profiles Accepted Manuscript Aspergillus is monophyletic: evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles S. Kocsubé, G. Perrone, D. Magistà, J. Houbraken, J. Varga, G. Szigeti, V. Hubka, S.-B. Hong, J.C. Frisvad, R.A. Samson PII: S0166-0616(16)30020-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006 Reference: SIMYCO 40 To appear in: Studies in Mycology Please cite this article as: Kocsubé S, Perrone G, Magistà D, Houbraken J, Varga J, Szigeti G, Hubka V, Hong S-B, Frisvad JC, Samson RA, Aspergillus is monophyletic: evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles, Studies in Mycology (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 Running title: The genus Aspergillus is monophyletic 2 3 Aspergillus is monophyletic: evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles 4 5 S. Kocsubé 1#, G. Perrone 2# , D. Magistà 2, J. Houbraken 3, J. Varga 1, G. Szigeti 1, V. Hubka 4, S-B. Hong 5, J. C. 6 Frisvad 6 and R. A. Samson 3* 7 8 1Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 9 2Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy; 3CBS-KNAW Fungal 10 Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, 11 Prague, Czech Republic; 5Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 12 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; 6Department 13 of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. 14 15 #These authors contributed equally to this work. 16 *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] MANUSCRIPT 17 18 19 20 ACCEPTED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 21 Abstract: Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted 22 the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus , 23 Fusarium , Penicillium , etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus are 24 presented: one attributes the name “ Aspergillus ” to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, 25 by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic 26 genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and 27 maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of 28 Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test 29 was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes ( RPB1 , RPB2 , Tsr1 , Cct8 , BenA , CaM ), using 30 96 species of Penicillium , Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum 31 Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly 32 supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus . The other analyses were also performed by using publicly 33 available data by using the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), 34 RPB1 , RPB2 , CaM , BenA , Tsr1 , Cct8 ) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum 35 Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the 36 monophyly of the genus Aspergillus . The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. 37 In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesisMANUSCRIPT that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and 38 provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic 39 genus Penicillium . There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name 40 Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera 41 Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part 42 of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum . Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and 43 Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus .The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows 44 that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A.zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus . Aspergillus 45 clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflava and A. 46 zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite 47 profiles indicating thatACCEPTED the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological 48 and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic 49 class in phenotypic characters. 50 Taxonomic novelties: Aspergillus subgenus Cremei, subgen. nov, Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum , 51 subgen. nov.; Aspergillago Samson, Houbraken & Frisvad, gen . nov. New combinations : Aspergillago ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 52 clavatoflavus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Houbraken & Frisvad, comb. nov.; Penicilliopsis zonatus (Kwon- 53 Chung & Fennell) Samson, Houbraken & Frisvad, comb.nov. 54 55 Introduction 56 The genus Aspergillus contains some of the most abundant and widely distributed organisms on earth, and 57 comprises approximately 350 accepted species (Samson et al . 2014). It is one of the fungal genera with the 58 highest economic importance in biotechnology (enzymes, organic acids, bioactive metabolites), but 59 members of the genus are also frequently reported as foodborne contaminants (food spoilage and 60 mycotoxin contamination), or as causal agents of human mycoses (pulmonary aspergillosis, otomycosis, 61 keratitis). Aspergillus is also one of the oldest names in fungal taxonomy since it was applied by P. Micheli 62 (1729), who gave it this name because the spore-bearing structure characteristic of the genus resembled an 63 aspergillum (a device used by the Catholic church to sprinkle holy water). However this morphological 64 characteristic resulted in a broad generic concept because it is associated to twelve quite different 65 teleomorphs demonstrating the variation in physiological and morphological features (Houbraken & Samson 66 2011, Pitt & Taylor 2014). Houbraken et al . (2014) have MANUSCRIPTreduced the number of teleomorphic names to ten 67 (Petromyces, Neopetromyces, Saitoa, Fennellia, Emericella, Hemisartorya, Neosartorya, Neocarpenteles, 68 Cristaspora , and Eurotium ) and showed that the teleomorphs Warcupiella and Sclerocleista do not belong to 69 the Aspergillus monophyletic clade. 70 The most important change in recent fungal nomenclature is the abandonment of dual 71 nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi, following the decision taken at the International Botanical Congress in 72 Melbourne (24-30 July, 2011). In the latest International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants 73 (ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), the single name nomenclature was adopted. This has forced mycologists to 74 choose one name for each fungal genus (i.e Aspergillus, Fusarium , Penicillium, etc.). The ICN 75 recommended that either the sexual or asexual name can be chosen, in contrast to the earlier 76 recommendation thatACCEPTED the name of the sexual state should always be preferred. Several sexual names have 77 priority over the asexual ones, but the final choice among the names should also be strongly supported by 78 the (mycological) community. In general, the nomenclatural decision has been easily assigned for most 79 fungal genera, but it sometimes became complicated for economically and socially important fungi having a 80 well-established sexual and asexual name (Zhang et al . 2013). Even though taxonomy contains the rather ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 81 independent disciplines such as classification, nomenclature and identification, decisions concerning 82 nomenclature should take into account both the other two. In recent years cladonomy has having a more 83 and more important impact on taxonomy, to a degree where monophyly is the overruling factor in deciding 84 which taxa (clada) should be accepted and which names to give to them, rather than classificatory 85 principles. 86 Phylogenetic approaches have helped to solve taxonomical and nomenclatural problems. A clear 87 example is evident in the paper of Kepler et al . (2014) in which the robust monophyly of the genus 88 Metharrizum included the majority of species recognized in Metacordyceps as well as the green-spored 89 Nomuraea species and those in the more recently described genus Chamaeleomyces . In the same analysis 90 Pochonia was shown to be polyphyletic and the description of Metapochonia gen. nov. was done to 91 accommodate these species forming a separate clade. In this regard, a dispute on the asexual genus 92 Aspergillus and its sexual generic names, started after the International Commission of Penicillium and 93 Aspergillus (ICPA) discussed the single nomenclature and made a decision on April 12 2012 94 (www.aspergilluspenicillium.org). 95 Two proposals for the single name nomenclature
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IV Workshop Libro De Abstracts
    IV Workshop Libro de Abstracts Red nacional sobre las micotoxinas y hongos toxigénicos y de sus procesos de descontaminación 29-31 de mayo de 2019 -Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición - Universidad de Navarra http://micofood.es ISSN: 2444-3158 Editado en Valencia por: Red Nacional sobre las micotoxinas y hongos toxigénicos y de sus procesos de descontaminación. Raquel Torrijos, Juan Manuel Quiles. Micofood 2019 CONTENIDO COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO 2 PROYECTO MICOFOOD 4 BIENVENIDA 5 PROGRAMA 6 ÍNDICE DE ABSTRACTS 9 COMUNICACIONES ORALES 12 POSTERS 32 COLABORADORES 57 NOTAS 58 1 COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO: Jordi Mañes Vinuesa (Universitat de València) Mónica Fernández Franzón (Universitat de València) Giuseppe Meca (Universitat de València) Misericordia Jiménez Escamilla (Universitat de València) Mar Rodríguez Jovita (Universidad de Extremadura) Vicente Sanchis Almenar (Universitat de Lleida) Agustín Ariño Moneva (Universidad de Zaragoza) Covadonga Vázquez Estévez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Elena González-Peñas (Universidad de Navarra) Adela López de Cerain (Universidad de Navarra) Luis González Candelas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Alberto Cepeda Sáez (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela) Francisco Javier Cabañes Saenz (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) Ana María García Campaña (Universidad de Granada) COMITÉ ORGANIZADOR: Jordi Mañes Vinuesa (Universitat de València) Elena González-Peñas (Universidad de Navarra) Adela López de Cerain (Universidad de Navarra) Monica Fernandez Franzon (Universitat de València) Cristina Juan Garcia
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF, Also Known As Version of Record
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 18, 2017 Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles Kocsubé, S.; Perrone, G.; Magistà, D.; Houbraken, J.; Varga, J.; Szigeti, G.; Hubka, V.; Hong, S.-B.; Frisvad, Jens Christian; Samson, R.A. Published in: Studies in Mycology Link to article, DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006 Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Kocsubé, S., Perrone, G., Magistà, D., Houbraken, J., Varga, J., Szigeti, G., ... Samson, R. A. (2016). Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles. Studies in Mycology, 85, 199-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 85: 199–213. Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles S.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing One Name for Pleomorphic Fungi: the Example of Aspergillus Versus Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella John W
    TAXON — 1 Jun 2016: 9 pp. Taylor & al. • Choosing names for Aspergillus and teleomorphs NOMENCLATURE Edited by Jefferson Prado, James Lendemer & Erin Tripp Choosing one name for pleomorphic fungi: The example of Aspergillus versus Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella John W. Taylor,1 Markus Göker2 & John I. Pitt3 1 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, U.S.A. 2 Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig 38124, Germany 3 CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113, Australia Author for correspondence: John W. Taylor, [email protected] ORCID JWT, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-7700; MG, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-6200; JIP, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-6829 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/653.10 Abstract With the termination of dual nomenclature, each fungus may have only one name. Now mycologists must choose between genus names formerly applied to taxa with either asexual or sexual reproductive modes, a choice that often influences the breadth of genotypic and phenotypic diversity in a genus, and even its monophyly. We use the asexual genus Aspergillus to examine the problems involved in such choices because (a) 11 sexual generic names are associated with it and (b) phenotypic variation and genetic divergence within sexual genera are low but between sexual genera are high. As a result, in the case of Aspergillus, applying the asexual name to the many sexual genera masks information now conveyed by the genus names and would lead to taxonomic inconsistency in the Eurotiales because this large Aspergillus would then embrace more genetic divergence than neighboring clades comprised of two or more genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Lists of Names in Aspergillus and Teleomorphs As Proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (Doi: 10.3852/14-0
    Lists of names in Aspergillus and teleomorphs as proposed by Pitt and Taylor, Mycologia, 106: 1051-1062, 2014 (doi: 10.3852/14-060), based on retypification of Aspergillus with A. niger as type species John I. Pitt and John W. Taylor, CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia and Dept of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA Preamble The lists below set out the nomenclature of Aspergillus and its teleomorphs as they would become on acceptance of a proposal published by Pitt and Taylor (2014) to change the type species of Aspergillus from A. glaucus to A. niger. The central points of the proposal by Pitt and Taylor (2014) are that retypification of Aspergillus on A. niger will make the classification of fungi with Aspergillus anamorphs: i) reflect the great phenotypic diversity in sexual morphology, physiology and ecology of the clades whose species have Aspergillus anamorphs; ii) respect the phylogenetic relationship of these clades to each other and to Penicillium; and iii) preserve the name Aspergillus for the clade that contains the greatest number of economically important species. Specifically, of the 11 teleomorph genera associated with Aspergillus anamorphs, the proposal of Pitt and Taylor (2014) maintains the three major teleomorph genera – Eurotium, Neosartorya and Emericella – together with Chaetosartorya, Hemicarpenteles, Sclerocleista and Warcupiella. Aspergillus is maintained for the important species used industrially and for manufacture of fermented foods, together with all species producing major mycotoxins. The teleomorph genera Fennellia, Petromyces, Neocarpenteles and Neopetromyces are synonymised with Aspergillus. The lists below are based on the List of “Names in Current Use” developed by Pitt and Samson (1993) and those listed in MycoBank (www.MycoBank.org), plus extensive scrutiny of papers publishing new species of Aspergillus and associated teleomorph genera as collected in Index of Fungi (1992-2104).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Nomenclature of the Genus Talaromyces and Taxa Accommodated in Penicillium Subgenus Biverticillium
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 70: 159–183. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.04 Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium R.A. Samson1, N. Yilmaz1,6, J. Houbraken1,6, H. Spierenburg1, K.A. Seifert2, S.W. Peterson3, J. Varga4 and J.C. Frisvad5 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada, 3Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A., 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary, 5Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; 6Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] Abstract: The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified inTalaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene.
    [Show full text]
  • 207-219 44(4) 01.홍승범R.Fm
    한국균학회지 The Korean Journal of Mycology Review 일균일명 체계에 의한 국내 보고 Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces 속의 종 목록 정리 김현정 1† · 김정선 1† · 천규호 1 · 김대호 2 · 석순자 1 · 홍승범 1* 1국립농업과학원 농업미생물과 미생물은행(KACC), 2강원대학교 산림환경과학대학 산림환경보호학과 Species List of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in Korea, Based on ‘One Fungus One Name’ System 1† 1† 1 2 1 1 Hyeon-Jeong Kim , Jeong-Seon Kim , Kyu-Ho Cheon , Dae-Ho Kim , Soon-Ja Seok and Seung-Beom Hong * 1 Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Agricultural Microbiology Division National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea 2 Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Forestry and Environmental Systems, Kangwon National University, Chun- cheon 24341, Korea ABSTRACT : Aspergillus, Penicillium, and their teleomorphic genera have a worldwide distribution and large economic impacts on human life. The names of species in the genera that have been reported in Korea are listed in this study. Fourteen species of Aspergillus, 4 of Eurotium, 8 of Neosartorya, 47 of Penicillium, and 5 of Talaromyces were included in the National List of Species of Korea, Ascomycota in 2015. Based on the taxonomic system of single name nomenclature on ICN (International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), Aspergillus and its teleomorphic genera such as Neosartorya, Eurotium, and Emericella were named as Aspergillus and Penicillium, and its teleomorphic genera such as Eupenicillium and Talaromyces were named as Penicillium (subgenera Aspergilloides, Furcatum, and Penicillium) and Talaromyces (subgenus Biverticillium) in this study. In total, 77 species were added and the revised list contains 55 spp. of Aspergillus, 82 of Penicillium, and 18 of Talaromyces.
    [Show full text]
  • La Lutte Biologique Contre L'ochratoxine A
    En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Discipline ou spécialité : Génie des Procédés et de l'Environnement Présentée et soutenue par : Mme RACHELLE EL KHOURY le vendredi 16 juin 2017 Titre : La lutte biologique contre l'ochratoxine A: utilisation des extraits de plantes médicinales ainsi que des souches d'actinobactéries et mise en évidence de leur mode d'action Ecole doctorale : Mécanique, Energétique, Génie civil, Procédés (MEGeP) Unité de recherche : Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (L.G.C.) Directeur(s) de Thèse : MME FLORENCE MATHIEU M. ANDRE EL KHOURY Rapporteurs : M. HASSAN RAMMAL, UNIVERSITE LIBANAISE BEYROUTH Mme SABINE GALINDO-SCHORR, UNIVERSITE MONTPELLIER 2 Membre(s) du jury : M. ROGER LTEIF, UNIVERSITE ST JOSEPH DE BEYROUTH, Président M. ALI ATAOUI, UNIVERSITE LIBANAISE BEYROUTH, Membre M. ANDRE EL KHOURY, UNIVERSITE ST JOSEPH DE BEYROUTH, Membre M. EMMANUEL COTON, UNIVERSITE DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, Membre Mme FLORENCE MATHIEU, INP TOULOUSE, Membre M. RICHARD MAROUN, UNIVERSITE ST JOSEPH DE BEYROUTH, Membre Where life begins and love never ends… To you, Mom, Dad, Anthony and Tarek 2 Remerciements Une thèse de doctorat est loin d'être un travail solitaire. De nombreuses personnes se sont retrouvées ainsi de manière fortuite ou non, pour le pire ou le meilleur, entre moi et mon doctorat. Ce sont certaines de ces personnes que j’aimerais mettre en avant dans ces remerciements. En premier lieu, j’ai beaucoup de reconnaissance et d’admiration à témoigner à ma directrice de thèse, Pr. Florence Mathieu qui est un modèle professionnel pour sa gestion calme de son temps pourtant si chargé de responsabilités importantes.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Nomenclature of the Genus Talaromyces and Taxa Accommodated in Penicillium Subgenus Biverticillium
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 70: 159–183. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.04 Phylogeny and nomenclature of the genus Talaromyces and taxa accommodated in Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium R.A. Samson1, N. Yilmaz1,6, J. Houbraken1,6, H. Spierenburg1, K.A. Seifert2, S.W. Peterson3, J. Varga4 and J.C. Frisvad5 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada, 3Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A., 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary, 5Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; 6Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] Abstract: The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified inTalaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium sensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Penicillium and the Segregation of Trichocomaceae Into Three Families
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 70: 1–51. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.70.01 Phylogeny of Penicillium and the segregation of Trichocomaceae into three families J. Houbraken1,2 and R.A. Samson1 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands. *Correspondence: Jos Houbraken, [email protected] Abstract: Species of Trichocomaceae occur commonly and are important to both industry and medicine. They are associated with food spoilage and mycotoxin production and can occur in the indoor environment, causing health hazards by the formation of β-glucans, mycotoxins and surface proteins. Some species are opportunistic pathogens, while others are exploited in biotechnology for the production of enzymes, antibiotics and other products. Penicillium belongs phylogenetically to Trichocomaceae and more than 250 species are currently accepted in this genus. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Penicillium to other genera of Trichocomaceae and studied in detail the phylogeny of the genus itself. In order to study these relationships, partial RPB1, RPB2 (RNA polymerase II genes), Tsr1 (putative ribosome biogenesis protein) and Cct8 (putative chaperonin complex component TCP-1) gene sequences were obtained. The Trichocomaceae are divided in three separate families: Aspergillaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Aspergillaceae are characterised by the formation flask-shaped or cylindrical phialides, asci produced inside cleistothecia or surrounded by Hülle cells and mainly ascospores with a furrow or slit, while the Trichocomaceae are defined by the formation of lanceolate phialides, asci borne within a tuft or layer of loose hyphae and ascospores lacking a slit.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Aspergillus
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 78: 141–173. Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus R.A. Samson1*, C.M. Visagie1, J. Houbraken1, S.-B. Hong2, V. Hubka3, C.H.W. Klaassen4, G. Perrone5, K.A. Seifert6, A. Susca5, J.B. Tanney6, J. Varga7, S. Kocsube7, G. Szigeti7, T. Yaguchi8, and J.C. Frisvad9 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea; 3Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; 4Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, C70 Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; 6Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; 8Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; 9Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark *Correspondence: R.A. Samson, [email protected] Abstract: Aspergillus comprises a diverse group of species based on morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characters, which significantly impact biotechnology, food production, indoor environments and human health. Aspergillus was traditionally associated with nine teleomorph genera, but phylogenetic data suggest that together with genera such as Polypaecilum, Phialosimplex, Dichotomomyces and Cristaspora, Aspergillus forms a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. Changes in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants resulted in the move to one name per species, meaning that a decision had to be made whether to keep Aspergillus as one big genus or to split it into several smaller genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspergillus Sclerotiorum Fungus Is Lethal to Both Western Drywood (Incisitermes Minor) and Western Subterranean (Reticulitermes Hesperus) Termites
    ASPERGILLUS SCLEROTIORUM FUNGUS IS LETHAL TO BOTH WESTERN DRYWOOD (INCISITERMES MINOR) AND WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN (RETICULITERMES HESPERUS) TERMITES. GREGORY M. HANSEN, TYLER S. LAIRD, ERICA WOERTZ, DANIEL OJALA, DARALYNN GLANZER, KELLY RING, AND SARAH M. RICHART* DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, AZUSA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY, AZUSA CA MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 21 OCTOBER, 2015; ACCEPTED 16 JANUARY, 2016 Copyright 2016, Fine Focus all rights reserved 24 • FINE FOCUS, VOL. 2 (1) ABSTRACT Termite control costs $1.5 billion per year in the United States alone, and methods for termite control usually consist of chemical pesticides. However, these methods have their drawbacks, which include the development of resistance, environmental pollution, and toxicity to other organisms. Biological termite control, which employs the use of living organisms to combat pests, CORRESPONDING offers an alternative to chemical pesticides. This study highlights the discovery of a fungus, termed “APU AUTHOR strain,” that was hypothesized to be pathogenic to termites. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis *Sarah M. Richart showed that the fungus is a strain of Aspergillus [email protected] sclerotiorum, and experiments showed that both western drywood (Incisitermes minor) and western subterranean (Reticulitermes hesperus) termites die in KEYWORDS a dose-dependent manner exposed to fungal spores of A. sclerotiorum APU strain. In addition, exposure • Entomopathogenic to the A. sclerotiorum Huber strain elicited death in • Phylogenetics a similar manner as the APU strain. The mechanism • Biological control by which the fungus caused termite death is still • Pest management unknown and warrants further investigation. While • Aspergillus sclerotiorum these results support that A. sclerotiorum is a termite • Reticulitermes hesperus pathogen, further studies are needed to determine • Incisitermes minor whether the fungal species has potential as a biological • Termites control agent.
    [Show full text]