DOCSLIB.ORG

CORRELATION BETWEEN the CHEMOTAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATIONS of the ESSENTIAL OILS of 48 Eucalyptus SPECIES HARVESTED from TUNISIA and THEIR PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CORRELATION BETWEEN the CHEMOTAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATIONS of the ESSENTIAL OILS of 48 Eucalyptus SPECIES HARVESTED from TUNISIA and THEIR PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, March - 2014; Volume – 2(1S) Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org ISSN No. 2320 – 8694 CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CHEMOTAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF 48 Eucalyptus SPECIES HARVESTED FROM TUNISIA AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION Elaissi Ameur1*, Medini Hanene 1, Rouis Zied2, Khouja Mohamed Larbi3, Chemli Rachid1 and Harzallah-Skhiri Fethia1 1Laboratory of The Chemical, Galenic and pharmacological Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia. 2Laboratory of Genetic, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Valorisation, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia. 3National Institute for Research on Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, BP. N.2, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia. Received – January 24, 2014; Revision – February 19, 2014, Accepted – March 16, 2014 Available Online - March 31, 2014 KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Eucalyptus Various chemical classes (monoterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes Essential oils hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, esters, ketones, non classified coumpounds and non identified compounds) and twenty five of the main components from the essential oils of 48 Tunisian Eucalyptus 1, 8-cineole species has been reported. The compounds includes 1,8-cineole, torquatone, p-cymene, spathulenol, trans-pinocarveol, α-pinene, borneol, cryptone, 4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate, globulol, isoamyl isovalerate, ACP; HCA α-terpineol, (E,E)-farnesol, viridiflorol, aromadendrene, terpinen-4-ol, β-eudesmol, α-eudesmol, limonene, D-piperitone, caryophyllene oxide, β-phellandrene, bicyclogermacrene, α-phellandrene and GC-MS benzaldehyde, as a principal component when analysed by GC-MS.. The comparison of this classification to the phylogenetic classification showed a divergence for the majority of the species, Chemotype, taxonomie however some concordance was found. * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] (Ameur Elaissi) Peer review under responsibility of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. Production and Hosting by Horizon Publisher (www.my-vision.webs.com/horizon.html). All _________________________________________________________rights reserved. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org 99 Elaissi et al 1 Introduction i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm) as described by Elaissi et al. (2010). Relative concentrations were calculated using the The genus Eucalyptus comprises more than 600 species software HP Chemstation, which allows assimilating the (Chippendale, 1988). More than 300 species of this genus percentages of the peak areas to the percentages of the various contain volatile oil in their leaves. However, less than 20 constituents. Retention indices were obtained by running a species have ever been exploited commercially for the series of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C9 - C28) in increasing the production of essential oil rich in 1, 8-cineole which is number of carbon atoms in the Carbowax GC column. essentially used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries (Pino et al., 2002). In Tunisian folk medicine, inhalation of 2.3.1 GC/MS analysis Eucalyptus sp. essential oil has traditionally been used to treat respiratory tract disorders such as pharyngitis, bronchitis, and Analyses of the composition of the essential oils were carried sinusitis (Boukef, 1986). Many studied were demonstrated out using a Hewlett-Packard (HP) 5890 series II gas their antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities against a chromatography apparatus equipped with a polar column wide range of microorganisms (Su et al., 2006; Cermelli et al., Carbowax (30m x 0.32 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm) and 2008; Martin et al., 2010) furthermore, allelopathic effect of 5972 mass selective detectors. Helium was used as the carrier oil was also reported against many weeds (Batish et al. 2004; gas. The mass spectrometer operating conditions were: Verdeguer et al., 2009). In 1957, total 117 Eucalyptus species ionisation voltage, 70 eV, ion source 230°C. The GC/MS of Eucalyptus has been introduced in Tunisia. Local population parameters were identical to those for the GC analysis. were used tree for fire wood, production of mine wood, and in the fight against erosion (Khouja et al., 2001). The Eucalyptus 2.3.2 Compound Identification species were grouped by Pryor & Johnson (1971) into seven subgenera which followed by various sections, series, subseries The identification of the compounds was based on a and super species. Brooker (2000) presented a new comparison of retention indices (determined relatively to the classification that divided genus Eucalyptus into seven and six retention time of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C9 - C28), of the monotypic polytypic subgenera. Current study evaluates mass spectra with those of authentic compounds by means of whether the chemical composition of essential oils from 48 NBS75K.L. and Wiley 275 databases (Wiley & Sons, 1998) species of Eucalyptus from Tunisia align with the grouping of and with data in the literature. species proposed by Brooker (2000). 2.4 Statistical analysis 2 Materials and methods Average twenty-five compounds were detected from each oil 2.1 Plant Material sample at a concentration greater than 4.4%. The differences in their mean percentages were analysed using Duncan's Multiple Leaf samples were collected from total 48 species of Range. These compounds were also subjected to a Principal Eucalyptus trees acclimated in five arboreta throughout the Component Analysis (PCA) and a Hierarchical Cluster Centre and the North of Tunisia in June 2006 and in June 2007 Analysis (HCA) using SPSS 12.0 software (SPSS Inc. (Table 1). Botanical voucher specimens of all selected species Chicago, IL, USA) to evaluate whether the composition of the have been deposited in the Pharmacognosy Laborotary essential oils could be used to classify the species into groups Herbarium in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia and whether these groups reflected those proposed by Brooker (Table1). (2000). 2.2 Sample preparation and extraction of essential oils 3 Results and Discussion Dried leaves from each sample were removed and stored in 3.1 Chemical composition brown paper bags. Three samples of boorishly crushed leaves (3 x 100 g) from each tree were hydro-distilled for 4 h in a The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from 48 standard apparatus recommended in the European Eucalyptus species from Tunisia can be grouped together into Pharmacopoeia (2000). Essential oils were collected, dried eight classes (Table 2) on the basis of their chemical over anhydrous Na2SO4 and stored at 4°C until analysis. properties. In most species, the essential oils were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (6.9 to 86.7 %), especially 1,8- 2.3 Chemical analysis cineole (2.3 to 70.4 %), which was most abundant compound and reported from the oil sample of 32 species (Table 3), This Quantitative and qualitative data for all essential oils were concentration was followed by the trans-pinocarveol (0.0 – determined for triplicate by GC and GC/MS, respectively. GC 25.7 ± 0.4%) which was reported from the essential oils of was carried out using HP 6890 chromatography apparatus three species. equipped with FID and Carbowax column (30 m x 0.32 mm _________________________________________________________ Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org Correlation between the Chemotaxonomic Classifications of the essential oils of 48 Eucalyptus species harvested . 100 Table 1 List of studied Eucalyptus species along with their source, abbreviation and voucher specimen numbers. N° Species Abbreviation Provenance Voucher number 1. E. ficifolia F.Muell. fic K5 0136 2. E. gomphocephala gom K6 0137 3a E. botryoides var. botryoides Sm. Morocco bot m Z1 0143 4. E. exserta F.Muell. exe S3 0121 5. E. gunnii F. Muell. gun S5 0123 6. E. brockwayi C.A.Gardner. broc H1 0107 7. E. fasciculosa F. Muell. fasc Z6 0148 8. E. macrorrhyncha F.Muell. macro S7 0125 9. E. diversifolia Bonpl. divfo K3 0134 10. E. kitsoniana Maiden kit JBA3 0153 11. E. pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel. pau S10 0128 12. E. populifolia Hook. pop JBA5 0155 13. E. falcata Turcz. falc K4 0135 14. E. leucoxylon F.Muell. leuc JBA4 0154 15. E. ovata Labill. ova Z8 0150 16. E. occidentalis Endl occ H6 0112 17. E. camaldulensis Dehnh. cam K2 0133 3b E. botryoides var. botryoides Sm. Vilmorin bot v Z2 0144 18. E. largiflorens F. Muell. larg H4 0110 19. E. polyanthemos Schauer poly K10 0141 20. E. dundasii Maiden. dun JBA1 0151 21. E. tereticornis Sm. ter S12 0130 22. E. odorata Behr odo S9 0127 23. E. diversicolor F.Muell. divco Z5 0147 24. E. rudis Endl. rud K11 0142 25. E. gigantea Dehnh. gig S4 0122 26. E. cladocalyx F.Muell. cla Z3 0145 27. E. platypus Hook. plat K9 0140 28. E. strciklandii Maiden. str H10 0116 29. E. macarthurii Dean & Maiden. macar S6 0124 30. E. viminalis Labill. vim S13 0121 31. E. maculate Hook. macu K8 0139 32. E. grandis W. Hill gran Z7 0149 33. E. Sideroxylon A.Cunn. ex Schauer. sid S11 0129 34. E. woodwardii Maiden. wood H12 0118 35. E. bicostata Maiden. Blakely & Simmonds bic S1 0.119 36. E. torquata Luehm. torq H11 0117 37. E. salmonophloia F.Muell. salm H8 0114 38. E. maidenii Maiden. maid S8 0126 39. E. gillii Maiden gill H3 0109 40. E. citriodora Hook. citr Z4 0146 _________________________________________________________ Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org 101 Elaissi et al 41. E. lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. leh K7 0138 42. E. globulus Labill. glob JBA2 0152 43. E. astringens Maiden ast K1 0132 44. E. loxophleba Benth. lox H5 0111 45. E. cinerea F.Muell. ex Benth. cin S2 0120 46. E. oldfieldii Muell. old H7 0113 47. E. gracilis F.Muell. grac H2 0108 48. E. sargentii Maiden. sarg H9 0115 a) and b) E. Botryoides var. botryoides from two provenances. K): Korbous (North East of Tunisia). Z): Zerniza (Norh West of Tunisia). S): Souiniat (North of Tunisia).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Combining Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment, Composite Indicator
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Combining semi‑quantitative risk assessment, composite indicator and fuzzy logic for evaluation of hazardous chemical accidents Huyen Thi Thu Do1*, Tram Thi Bich Ly1 & Tho Tien Do2 In this study, a combination of semi‑quantitative risk assessment, composite indicator and fuzzy logic has been developed to identify industrial establishments and processes that represent potential environmental accidents associated with hazardous chemicals. The proposed method takes into consideration the root causes of risk probability of hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs), such as unsafe onsite storing and usage, inadequate operation training, poor safety management and analysis, equipment failure, and factors afected by the potential consequences of the accidents, including human health, water resources, and building and construction. These issues have been aggregated in a system of criteria and sub‑criteria, demonstrated by a list of non‑overlapping and exhaustive categorical terms. Semi‑quantitative risk assessment is then applied to develop a framework for screening industrial establishments that exhibit potential HCAs. Fuzzy set theory with triangular fuzzy number deals with the uncertainty associated with the data input and reduces the infuence of subjectivity and vagueness to the fnal results. The proposed method was tested among 77 industrial establishments located within the industrial zones of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Eighteen establishments were categorized as high HCA risk, 36 establishments were categorized as medium HCA risk, and 23 ones were of low HCA risk. The results are compatible with the practical chemical safety situation of the establishments and are consistent with expert evaluation. Hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs) can occur at any location in the production, use, storage, disposal or transportation cycle of the chemical.
    [Show full text]
  • IPC Classification
    A guide to current Internaonal Paralympic Commiee Classificaons Archery is open to athletes with a physical impairment and classificaon is broken up into three classes: ARW1: spinal cord and cerebral palsy athletes with impairment in all four limbs ARW2: wheelchair users with full arm funcon ARST (standing): athletes who have no impairments in their arms but who have some impairment in their legs. This group also includes amputees, les autres and cerebral palsy standing athletes. Some athletes in the standing group will sit on a high stool for support but will sll have their feet touching the ground. Athlecs uses a system of leers and numbers is used to disnguish between them. A leer F is for field athletes, T represents those who compete on the track, and the number shown refers to their impairment. 11-13: track and field athletes who are visually impaired 20: track and field athletes who are intellectually disabled 31-38: track and field athletes with cerebral palsy 41-46: track and field amputees and les autres T 51-56: wheelchair track athletes F 51-58: wheelchair field athletes Blind athletes compete in class 11 and are permied to run with a sighted guide, while field athletes in the class are allowed the use of acousc signals, for example electronic noises, clapping or voices, if they compete in the 100m, long jump or triple jump. Athletes in classes 42, 43 and 44 must wear a prosthesis while compeng, but this is oponal for classes 45 and 46. Boccia (a bowling game) is open to athletes with cerebral palsy and other severe physical impairments (eg, muscular dystrophy) who compete from a wheelchair, with classificaon split into four classes: BC1 : Athletes may compete with the help of an assistant, who must remain outside the athlete's playing box.
    [Show full text]
  • 9059 Medical Multiple 005
    Schedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK HCA International Limited, operating as HCA Laboratories Issue No: 008 Issue date: 17 September 2021 Shropshire House Contact: Dorothy Kasibante Shropshire Place/Queens Yard Tel: +44 (0)207 034 4616 9059 Capper Street Fax: +44 (0)207 487 2721 London E-Mail: [email protected] Accredited to WC1E 6JA Website: hcalaboratories.co.uk ISO 15189:2012 Testing performed by the Organisation at the locations specified below Locations covered by the organisation and their relevant activities Laboratory locations: Location details Activity Location code Shropshire House Local contact Microbiology A Shropshire Place/Queens Yard Dorothy Kasibante Serology Capper Street Risk & Compliance Clinical Immunology London Manager Biochemistry WC1E 6JA Haematology Mr Charles Percy - CEO Blood Transfusion Administration Tel: +44 (0)207 486 5091 Referrals Molecular Specimen Reception Cytopathology (inc. gynaecological & diagnostic) Histopathology (inc. routine & special staining, Decalcification & frozen sections) London Bridge Hospital Laboratory Local contact Sample Reception B London bridge Hospital As above Biochemistry Tooley Street Haematology London Blood Transfusion SE1 2PR EBUS and Slide production, staining & mounting of fine needle aspirates for diagnostic cytology LOC laboratory Local contact Biochemistry C 59/97 Harley Street As above Haematology London W1G 6AF Sydney Street Lab Local contact Biochemistry
    [Show full text]
  • Strength Analysis of Hull Structures in Bulk Carriers
    CLASSIFICATION NOTES No. 31.1 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF HULL STRUCTURES IN BULK CARRIERS JUNE 1999 DET N ORS KE VERIT AS Vcritasveien 1, N-1322 Hfl!vik, Norway Tel.: +47 67 57 99 00 Fax: +47 67 57 99 11 FOREWORD DET NORSKE VERJTAS is an autonomous and independent Foundation with the objective of safeguarding life, property and the environment at sea and ashore. DET NORSKE VERlTAS AS is a fully owned subsidiary Society of the Foundation. It undertakes classification and certification of ships, mobile offshore units, fixed oftshore structures, facilities and systems for shipping and other industries. The Society also carries out research and' development associated with these functions. DET NORSKE VERITAS operates a worldwide network ot survey stations and is authorised by more than 120 national administrations to carry out surveys and, in most cases, issue certificates on their behalf. Classification Notes Classification Notes are publications that give practical information on classification of ships and other objects. Examples of design solutions, calculation methods, specifications of test procedures, as well as acceptahle repair methods for some components are given as interpretations of the more general rule requirements. A list of Classification Notes is found in the latest edi6on of the Introduction booklets to the "Rules for Classification of Ships", the "Rules for Classification of Mobile Offshore Units" and the "Rules for Classification of High Speed and Light Craft". In "Rules for Classification of Fixed Offshore Installations", only those Classification Notes that are relevant for this type of structure, have been listed. The list of Classification Notes is also included in the current "Classification Services - Publications" issued by the Society, which is available on request.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hierarchical Contextual Attention-Based Network for Sequential Recommendation
    Neurocomputing 358 (2019) 141–149 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neurocomputing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neucom A hierarchical contextual attention-based network for sequential recommendation ∗ Qiang Cui, Shu Wu , Yan Huang, Liang Wang Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing (CRIPAC), National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA) and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100190, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The sequential recommendation is one of the most fundamental tasks for Web applications. Recently, Received 2 June 2018 recurrent neural network (RNN) based methods become popular and show effectiveness in many se- Revised 28 March 2019 quential recommendation tasks, such as next-basket recommendation and location prediction. The last Accepted 25 April 2019 hidden state of RNN is usually applied as the sequence’s representation to make recommendations. RNN Available online 10 May 2019 can capture the long-term interest with the help of gated activations or regularizers but has difficulty in Communicated by Dr. B. Hammer acquiring the short-term interest due to the ordered modeling. In this work, we aim to strengthen the short-term interest, because it is beneficial to generate responsive recommendation according to recent Keywords: Sequential recommendation behaviors. Accordingly, we propose a Hierarchical Contextual Attention-based (HCA) network. First, RNN Recurrent neural network is extended to model several adjacent factors at each time step. Such kind of multiple factors can be con- Short-term interest sidered as a context where the short-term interest comes from.
    [Show full text]
  • USAF Oral History Program Interview of Mr. Doyle Northrup
    Declassified Under Authority of the lnteragency Security Classification Appeals Panel, E.O. 13526, sec. 5.3(b)(3) ISCAP Appeal No. 2015-107, document 1 Declassification Date: November 23, 2020 ~ . ~ -·~ "' It. q'":.i,t«: "' ....., IUL'tt\,.,r•• 'l'-•-·····".,t...... .,. Ftblft DECLA.88mEO Cl A .r:•··~ ,<"r; '.Y SUD,! S(H! r: 0 }L . j_ -;--.._ Wa,:,hington and llved t!ierc until l <;ZS. In 1934, be :married !ybll ...J <¾ vl vl Louiac Crosby of New .Bedford, Mas~achusetts. nb-tto'rwi!-p,f-----''---' pre;ccntly reside in Alexantl:ria., Yi:::gin.ia. ~.':. ile an undergrac!uito £tutlent at Whitman College, Walla Vi;,lla, Wanhington,. !n l <;Z&~ !...!r., Nvrth.rup wac elected to Ph:l ,Bqta I~appa. Uc x-cc-chcd a Bachelor of ~cicnee dc5rec uVlith Hono;rs" !rom. 1 \ /hitn::an in I r;z9., 1n 193Z, he was awarded a ~ta$'ter of Scie::ice degree £roni ?,!assz.cht:.st!t?.s L--istitt:.te o! Te:.chnolcgy. From 1932 to 1940 ho \'.'a~ a :l.esearcl>. /sut:oei,;.t<: wifa t!1e F!lyai<:s Department of Ma.uacliusetts Institute of Technolo::;y. Se ,,,as A ~cro- 1{,n de 6,va/f ber o! a f'our-nlZo.n technical grm.:.:o. .which de,.,..clo~cd the,1 electrostatic generator and demon:..t:-atcd its application as a v.:..!ua'ble tool i::i nuclear • From 1',40 to 1S'\13 Mr, Northrup wa~ associ.:t~eJ with th" Na...,al Or'1n:i.r.co Labor::.tory. E.'lrly i.n thl3 period he ~crvcd as Chfo! Pl_,y10ki,:t -..
    [Show full text]
  • A Hierarchical Contextual Attention-Based GRU Network For
    A Hierarchical Contextual Attention-based GRU Network for Sequential Recommendation Qiang Cui1 Shu Wu1 Yan Huang1 Liang Wang1;2 1Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition 2Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences [email protected], fshu.wu, yhuang, [email protected] Abstract mance on different tasks, for example next basket rec- ommendation (Yu et al. 2016), location prediction (Liu Sequential recommendation is one of fundamental tasks for et al. 2016c), product recommendations (Cui et al. 2016; Web applications. Previous methods are mostly based on Hidasi et al. 2016), and multi-behavioral prediction (Liu, Markov chains with a strong Markov assumption. Recently, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are getting more and more Wu, and Wang 2017). These RNN methods mostly employ a popular and has demonstrated its effectiveness in many tasks. common strategy: using the last hidden state of RNN as the The last hidden state is usually applied as the sequence’s rep- user’s final representation then making recommendations to resentation to make recommendation. Benefit from the nat- users. ural characteristics of RNN, the hidden state is a combina- In recommender systems, a better recommendation tion of long-term dependency and short-term interest to some should capture both the long-term user-taste and short- degrees. However, the monotonic temporal dependency of term sequential effect (Rendle, Freudenthaler, and Schmidt- RNN impairs the user’s short-term interest. Consequently, the hidden state is not sufficient to reflect the user’s final inter- Thieme 2010; Wang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • ITERATED INDEX and the MEAN EULER CHARACTERISTIC 3 Little Interest for the MEC Calculations for Specific Manifolds
    ITERATED INDEX AND THE MEAN EULER CHARACTERISTIC VIKTOR L. GINZBURG AND YUSUF GOREN¨ Abstract. The aim of the paper is three-fold. We begin by proving a formula, both global and local versions, relating the number of periodic orbits of an iterated map and the Lefschetz numbers, or indices in the local case, of its iterations. This formula is then used to express the mean Euler characteristic (MEC) of a contact manifold in terms of local, purely topological, invariants of closed Reeb orbits, without any non-degeneracy assumption on the orbits. Finally, turning to applications of the local MEC formula to dynamics, we use it to reprove a theorem asserting the existence of at least two closed Reeb orbits on the standard contact S3 (by Cristofaro-Gardiner and Hutchings in the most general form) and the existence of at least two closed geodesics for a Finsler metric on S2 (Bangert and Long). Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Iterated index 4 2.1. Iterated index of a map 4 2.2. Iterated index of a germ 6 3. Mean Euler characteristic 9 3.1. Notation and conventions 9 3.2. Examples 10 3.3. Local formula for the MEC 12 3.4. Preliminaries and the proof 13 3.5. Asymptotic Morse inequalities 17 4. Closed Reeb orbits on S3 19 References 23 arXiv:1311.0547v1 [math.SG] 3 Nov 2013 1. Introduction In this paper we prove an elementary formula relating the number of periodic orbits of an iterated map and the Lefschetz numbers of the iterations. We also establish a local version of this formula which connects the number of periodic orbits, suitably defined, of a germ at an isolated fixed point and the indices of its iterations.
    [Show full text]
  • USA CYCLING Annual Report 2008 USA Cycling National Headquarters
    USA CYCLING Annual REPORT 2008 USA CYCLING NATIONAL HEADQuarTERS 210 USA Cycling Point, Suite 100 • Colorado Springs, CO 80919 (T) 719.434.4200 • (F) 719.434.4300 (E) [email protected] • (W) www.usacycling.org EXECUTIVE STAFF Chief Executive Officer, Steve Johnson 719.434.4250 [email protected] Chief Operating Officer, Sean Petty 719.434.4252 [email protected] Chief Financial Officer, Todd Sowl 719.434.4255 [email protected] Human Resources Director/Executive Assistant, Debbie Francis 719.434.4257 [email protected] ACCOUNTING Accounting Manager, Bob Plutt 719.434.4266 [email protected] Accounting Assistant, Connie Ennis 719.434.4267 [email protected] Paralegal, Pam Castle 719.434.4270 [email protected] COMMUNICATIONS Director of Communications, Andrea Smith 719.434.4274 [email protected] Communications Manager, Keri Kahn 719.434.4272 [email protected] MARKETING Director of Sponsorship & Business Development, Jess Schwartzkopf 719.434.4278 [email protected] Sponsorship and Affinity Manager, Mercedes Hickey 719.434.4280 [email protected] ATHLETICS Director of Athletics/Endurance Program Manager, Jim Miller 719.434.4222 [email protected] Director of Logistics & Operations, Gregory Cross 719.434 [email protected] National Mountain Bike Development Director, Marc Gullickson 719.434.4232 [email protected] Sport Science & Coaching Education Manager, Sam Callan 719.434.4224 [email protected] Junior Programs Manager, Benjamin Sharp 719.434.4226 [email protected] BMX Program Director, Mike King 719.434.4230 [email protected] Sports Science Coach, Clay Worthington 719.434.4236 [email protected] Office & Programs Manager, Marlis Johnson 719.434.4225 [email protected] Cover: Kristin Armstrong became just the second woman in U.S.
    [Show full text]