Thaumatococcus Daniellii Benn
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Rich Zingiberales
RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. -
397 Genus Osmodes Holland
14th edition (2015). Genus Osmodes Holland, 1892 Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 10: 291 et nota (284-294). Type-species: Hesperia laronia Hewitson, by original designation. An Afrotropical genus of 14 species. Revised by Miller (1964 and 1971). Species belonging to this genus are all inhabitants of primary lowland forest. In this habitat they are most often seen flying along forest paths, or in clearings in the forest. The flight is rapid but low down, among the vegetation, and they usually settle in sunny spots (Congdon & Collins, 1998). *Osmodes adon (Mabille, 1889) Adon White-spots Pamphila adon Mabille, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 9: 149 (149-150, 155-156, 167-169, 183- 184). Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra-Leone”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Seredou (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Mount Peko (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Likpe (Miller, 1971); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Kukurantumi (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Kabba province (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi (Neustetter, 1916); Bitje, Ja River (Evans, 1951). Gabon – Waka National Park (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a rare Osmodes (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. barombina Neustetter, 1916 (as sp. of Osmodes). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 106 (95- 108). -
Revision of Marantaceae, with a New Generic Record and Notes on Naturalised and Commonly Cultivated Exotic Species
Phytotaxa 289 (3): 201–224 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.1 Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species MATTI A. NIISSALO1*, GILLIAN S. KHEW2, EDWARD L. WEBB1 & JANA LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ2* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract An illustrated revision of Marantaceae in Singapore with an identification key and proposed national IUCN Red List as- sessments is presented here. In total three genera and four species are considered native to Singapore (Donax canniformis, Phrynium hirtum, Stachyphrynium parvum, and Stachyphrynium latifolium) representing 33 % of diversity currently known to occur in Peninsular Malaysia. Although the genus Phrynium Willdenow (1797: 1) was previously reported for Singapore based on the presence of P. villosulum, we show that this species is, contrary to previous accounts, not native but introduced. Newly reported Phrynium hirtum therefore represents a new native generic record for the country. We are changing the status of Schumannianthus benthamianus, previously considered native, to cultivated, as there are no historic or recent collections of this species. Non-native species commonly employed in Singapore streetscapes and parks are also briefly discussed and illustrated in this paper. -
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 14, Issue 5 Ser. I (Sep – Oct 2019), PP 05-37 www.Iosrjournals.Org Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used By the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes Anowi Chinedu Fredrick1 , Uyanwa Ifeanyi Christian1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Anowi Chinedu Fredrick Abstract: Diabetes has been regarded as one of the major health problems wrecking havoc on the people especially the geriatrics. In Umuahia, diabetes is regarded as a serious health problems with high rate of mortality, morbidity and with serious health consequences. Currently plants are used by the natives to treat this disease. Hence the need for this study to ascertain medicinal plants with high cure rate but little side effects as synthetic antidiabetic drugs have been known to be associated with various serious and deleterious side effects. This is therefore a field trip conducted in Umuahia, Nigeria, to determine the various medicinal plants used by the natives in the management of diabetes. Dialogue in the form of semi-structured interview was conducted with the traditional healers (TH). Some of whom were met many times depending on the amount of information available at any given time and to check the already collected information. Information regarding the plants used in the management /treatment of diabetes were collected, the socio-political data of the THs, formulation of remedies, and the symptoms and other ways the THs use to diagnose diabetes. -
Non-Timber Forest Products: Value, Use and Management Issues in Africa, Including Examples from Latin America
Non-timber Forest Products: Value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America Editors: S. A. Crafter, J. Awimbo, and A. J. Broekhoven IUCN - THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION Established in 1948, IUCN - The World Conservation Union - is an organisation whose members include governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), research institutions and nature conservation agencies in over 130 countries. IUCN's objectives are to promote and encourage the sustainable conservation of natural resources. IUCN FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of IUCN secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems, as well as research and promotion of the sustainable use of forest resources. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) supplies information on animals and plants species, and on habits which are especially important for the conservation of biological diversity and the forest ecosystems. The programme includes a study of forest policy, and field projects relating to specific problems arising with the management of biologically most important forest resources. The principles of the World Conservation Strategy applied in these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local populations. Special emphasis is placed on setting up buffer zones around national parks and reserves. IUCN's policy and activities are based on information supplied by its members or originating from field projects, and on the analysis of current rends prepared by WCMC. The programme is developed in consultation with international cooperation organisations, in order to ensure full consistency between development projects and conservation priorities. IUCN publications contribute with information and technical recommendations of governments, international institutions, persons responsible for preparing development plans and conservation specialists. -
Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects. -
Thaumatococcus Daniellii
Thaumatococcus daniellii Thaumatococcus daniellii is a plant species from Africa, Congo-Brazzaville, Cameroon, Central African known for being the natural source of thaumatin, an in- Republic) tensely sweet protein which is of interest in the develop- ment of sweeteners. It is a large, rhizomatous, flower- ing herb native to the rainforests of western Africa from Sierra Leone to Zaire.[1] It is also an introduced species 2 Uses in Australia and Singapore.[2] Thaumatococcus daniellii grows three to four meters in 2.1 Fruit height, and has large, papery leaves up to 46 centimeters long. It bears pale purple flowers and a soft fruit con- The most popular use of T. daniellii is as sweetener. taining a few shiny black seeds. The fruit is covered in a The aril contains a non-toxic, intensely sweet protein fleshy red aril, which is the part that contains thaumatin. named thaumatin, which is at least 3000 times as sweet as In its native range, the plant has a number of uses besides sucrose. In West Africa, the aril is traditionally used for flavoring. The sturdy leaf petioles are used as tools and sweetening bread, over-fermented palm-wine and sour building materials, the leaves are used to wrap food, and food. When the seeds are chewed, for up to an hour the leaves and seeds have a number of traditional medic- afterwards they cause sour materials eaten or drunk to inal uses.[3][4] taste very sweet. Since the mid-1990s, thaumatin is used as sweetener and flavour enhancer by the food and con- Common names for this species include miracle fruit fectionery industry. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp. -
Chemical Composition, Lethality and Antifungal Activities of the Extracts of Leaf of Thaumatococcus Daniellii Against Foodborne Fungi
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector beni-suef university journal of basic and applied sciences 5 (2016) 356–368 HOSTED BY Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bjbas Full Length Article Chemical composition, lethality and antifungal activities of the extracts of leaf of Thaumatococcus daniellii against foodborne fungi Oluwagbenga Adeogun a,*, Adedotun Adekunle a, Anofi Ashafa b a Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria b Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free States, Qwa Qwa Campus, South Africa ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The consumers’ interest in natural preservatives seemed to have increased because of the Received 20 June 2016 apathy and negative effect of synthetic preservatives. This study explored the use of Received in revised form 1 Thaumatococcus daniellii leaves as potential preservatives against fungi responsible for the November 2016 spoilage of orange juice and corn jell-o. The leaves of the plant were extracted with differ- Accepted 4 November 2016 ent solvents – acetone, aqueous, ethanol and hexane – and assayed against test fungi using Available online 17 November 2016 disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were deter- mined. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of leaves of the plants were Keywords: carried out, the most active extract of the fresh and dried leaves was assayed via GC–MS Corn Jell-O for the essential oils and HPLC fingerprinting was used to determine the phytochemical con- Extracts stituents of the most active extracts. -
Phlogeny and Biogeography of the Prayer Plant Family Linda M
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 51 2006 Phlogeny and Biogeography of the Prayer Plant Family Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden W. John Kress Smithsonian Institution Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Prince, Linda M. and Kress, W. John (2006) "Phlogeny and Biogeography of the Prayer Plant Family," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 51. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/51 Aliso 22, pp. 645-659 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PRAYER PLANT FAMILY: GETTING TO THE ROOT PROBLEM IN MARANTACEAE 1 3 2 LINDA M. PRINCE • AND W. JOHN KRESS 1Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA; 2National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Marantaceae are the second largest family in the order Zingiberales, with approximately 31 genera and 535 species. Earlier studies based on morphological and molecular characters could not confidently determine the relationships among major lineages of the family, nor could they identify the basal branch of the family tree. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from all three genomic com partments (chloroplast: matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16 intron, and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer; mitochon drion: cox!; nucleus: ITS region and the 5'-end of 26S) for a restricted set of taxa were conducted under parsimony criteria to define the root node and to assess geographical distribution patterns. -
Revisiting the Zingiberales: Using Multiplexed Exon Capture to Resolve Ancient and Recent Phylogenetic Splits in a Charismatic Plant Lineage
Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage Chodon Sass1, William J.D. Iles1, Craig F. Barrett2,3, Selena Y. Smith4 and Chelsea D. Specht1 1 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States 2 Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States 3 Department of Biology, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States 4 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences and the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States ABSTRACT The Zingiberales are an iconic order of monocotyledonous plants comprising eight families with distinctive and diverse floral morphologies and representing an important ecological element of tropical and subtropical forests. While the eight families are demonstrated to be monophyletic, phylogenetic relationships among these families remain unresolved. Neither combined morphological and molecular studies nor recent attempts to resolve family relationships using sequence data from whole plastomes has resulted in a well-supported, family-level phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships. Here we approach this challenge by leveraging the complete genome of one member of the order, Musa acuminata, together with transcriptome information from each of the other seven families to design a set of nuclear loci that can be enriched from highly divergent taxa with a single array-based capture of indexed genomic DNA. A total of 494 exons from 418 nuclear genes were captured for 53 ingroup taxa. The entire plastid genome was also captured for the same 53 taxa. -
Wordperfect Office Document
BioTechnologia vol. 102 (1) C pp. 101–117 C 2021 Journal of Biotechnology, Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology REVIEW PAPERS . http://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2021.103766 CC S. = BY NC ND Phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and pharmacological activities of Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth): a review OLUMIDE FADAHUNSI 1*, PETER I. ADEGBOLA 1, SINBAD O. OLORUNNISOLA 1, OLUSEYI A. AKINLOYE 2 1 Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria and Federal University of Agriculture, Ogun State, Nigeria 2 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria Abstract Thaumatococcus daniellii (Benth) is a member of a diverse family of plants known as Marantaceae. Native to the tropical forest zones of West Africa, the plant is globally famous for its low calorie, nondiabetic natural sweetener called thaumatin found in its aril. T. daniellii thrives in deep shade, and it is used locally as a taste modifier and for preparing fish traps, ornamental bags, and mats. Organs of the plant are used in folkloric medicine as a laxative and in treating ailments such as mental disorders, high blood sugar, and lung diseases. The seeds and leaf sap are potent as an antidote against snake venom and bee stings and for preventing dystocia and prolonged child labor. Proximate analysis, phytochemical screening, and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry revealed that the plant contains proteins, important macro- and microelements (calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and manganese), and abundant active principles and compounds such as squalene tannin, alkaloids, saponins, epicatechin, steroids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, spartein, ribalinidine, rutin, phytic acid, and kaempferol. Biological activities include hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, insecticidal, bioremediative, and antimicrobial activities.