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Non-Timber Forest Products: Value, Use and Management Issues in Africa, Including Examples from Latin America

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Non-Timber Forest Products: Value, Use and Management Issues in Africa, Including Examples from Latin America Non-timber Forest Products: Value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America Editors: S. A. Crafter, J. Awimbo, and A. J. Broekhoven IUCN - THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION Established in 1948, IUCN - The World Conservation Union - is an organisation whose members include governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), research institutions and nature conservation agencies in over 130 countries. IUCN's objectives are to promote and encourage the sustainable conservation of natural resources. IUCN FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of IUCN secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems, as well as research and promotion of the sustainable use of forest resources. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) supplies information on animals and plants species, and on habits which are especially important for the conservation of biological diversity and the forest ecosystems. The programme includes a study of forest policy, and field projects relating to specific problems arising with the management of biologically most important forest resources. The principles of the World Conservation Strategy applied in these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local populations. Special emphasis is placed on setting up buffer zones around national parks and reserves. IUCN's policy and activities are based on information supplied by its members or originating from field projects, and on the analysis of current rends prepared by WCMC. The programme is developed in consultation with international cooperation organisations, in order to ensure full consistency between development projects and conservation priorities. IUCN publications contribute with information and technical recommendations of governments, international institutions, persons responsible for preparing development plans and conservation specialists. The Forest Conservation Programme's principal financial backer is the Government of the Netherlands. THE EUROPEAN UNION The European Union is comprised of 15 Member States, united in an effort to safeguard peace and promote economic and social progress, and incorporates three communities that have common institutions. The Coal and Steel Community was the first to be set up (by the treaty of Paris 1951), followed by an Economic Community and the Atomic Energy Community (treaties of Rome, 1957). Under the single European Act (1986), the communities finally dismantled all internal borders to establish a single market. The treaty on European Union, signed in Maastricht in 1992, created a European Union combining a community moving towards economic and monetary union, with intergovernmental cooperation in certain areas. The Union is managed by these institutions: a democratically elected parliament, council representing the member states and composed of government ministers, a European Council of state or government, a commission which acts as guardian of the treaties and has power to initiate and implement legislation, a court of justice which ensures that community law is observed and court of auditors which monitors the financial management of the Union. In addition, there are a number of advisory bodies which represent economic, social and regional interests. The 15 Member States of the European Union are Austria, Ireland, Belgium, Italy, Denmark, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Finland, the United Kingdom and France. IUCN Forest Conservation Programme Non-timber Forest Products: Value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America Editors: S. A. Crafter, J. Awimbo, and A. J. Broekhoven IUCN-The World Conservation Union European Union 1997 Published by: IUCN, Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi. Kenya in collaboration with the European Union. Copyright: (1997) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Crafter. S. A., Awimbo. J. and Broekhoven. A. J. 1997. Non-timber forest products: value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America. Proceedings of a workshop held in Nam Moru, Kenya, 8—13 May, 1994. pp. 7. ISBN: 2-8317-0317-4 Printed by: Ramco Printers, Nairobi, Kenya Design and typesetting: Jacaranda Designs Limited, Nairobi, Kenya Cover design: James Butler Cover photo: Photo Caption: Pluteus sp., Arabuko Sokoke Forest Dr. Jeff Odera Available from: IUCN Communications and Corporate Relations Division Rue Mauverney 28, CH-1196, Gland. Switzerland IUCN Eastern African Regional Office P. O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya The presentation of material in this document and the geographical designations employed do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organisations. The text of this book is printed in Times and Helvetica. CONTENTS Introduction I. DISCUSSION GROUPS 1 Overview from the workshops 3 II. CASE STUDIES: AFRICA 15 Valuing household use of non-timber forest products L. Emerton 17 CAMPFIRE as a model for community-based resource management: a Zimbabwean perspective C. Chinhoyi 23 The role of non-timber forest products in parts of Iringa Region, Tanzania R. Minja 29 Assessment of grass, honey and edible caterpillars in some forest reserves in Malawi S. D. Makungwa 37 Utilisation of non-timber forest products from Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda P.Scott. 41 Chitsanze Sacred Grove (Kaya Chitsanze), Kenya M. Ndau and W. R. Q. Luke 51 Household use of honey and wild meat around Mau Complex and Arabuko-Sokoke Forest Reserves H. Mogaka 57 Assessing the patterns of use of forest resources by local communities: field experience in and around Bwindi (Impenetrable) National Park in Southwest Uganda. J. Mutebi 61 Economic value and role of non-timber forest products in the long-term management of forest resources in Côte d' Ivoire Leonie Bonnehin 67 The use of non-timber forest products in Benin P. Houngnon 75 Management of forest reserves and forested national parks in Kenya: a role for the use of non-timber forest products G. N. Gathaara and C. D. Kahuki 81 III. CASE STUDIES: LATIN AMERICA 89 Extractive reserves in Brazil: searching for sustainable development with social justice M. Von Behr. 91 Potential productive use of the tropical forest of Guatemala as a strategy for its conservation M. A. P. Mendez 97 Use of non-timber forest products for rural sustainable development in Central America: the experience of the Olafo Project A. C. Imbach 101 Non-timber forest products in Latin America: an overview M. Ruiz Perez 113 IV. COUNTRY OVERVIEWS 119 Benin 121 Bostwana 124 Cameroun 127 Congo 130 Côte d' Ivoire 132 Gabon 135 Ghana 137 Kenya 141 Malawi 145 Moçambique 148 South Africa 151 Tanzania 153 Uganda 156 Zaire 159 Zimbabwe 161 List of participants 164 INTRODUCTION Guido Broekhoven Coordinator, Forest Conservation Activities, IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, P. O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya. Background Utilisation and management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) has often been over- looked in strategies and programmes for forest conservation and management. In Octo- ber 1992, two seminars were jointly organised by IUCN and the Commission of the European Union in Amacayacu (Columbia) and Manaus (Brazil) to assess the situation of extractivism and extractive reserves in Latin America (Ruiz Perez et al, 1993; Murrieta Ruiz and Rueda Pinzón, 1995). The success of the two workshops in South America encouraged IUCN and the Com- mission of the European Union, with additional financial support of the Commonwealth Science Council and the Government of France, to organise a third workshop to analyse the situation and to explore the viability of extraction of NTFPs in Africa. Between 8 to 13 May 1994 a pan-African workshop on NTFPs was organised by IUCN and held in Naro Moru, Kenya. This workshop was one of various initiatives undertaken by IUCN to improve knowledge and understanding of the role and potential of NTFPs in forest conservation. These workshops are part of a larger programme as various field-based projects are currently being implemented or developed in, amongst others, Latin America, Laos, Philippines and Uganda, to test and gain experience with NTFPs in forest conservation strategies. In southeast Asia, IUCN is involved in a network on NTFPs and in Eastern Africa a recent workshop was jointly organised with CIFOR to assess research priori- ties for NTFPs. The workshop in Naro Moru The aim of the workshop was to provide a forum for individuals and institutions work- ing on NTFPs to exchange information and experience and to analyse the (potential) role of NTFPs in forest management and conservation strategies. The meeting was at- tended by 43 people from 14 (francophone and anglophone) African countries and 4 Latin American countries. Participants included representatives of research institutions, forest departments, field projects, NGOs and international organisations.
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