Thaumatococcus Daniellii
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Effects of Gymnemic Acid on Sweet Taste Perception in Primates
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Chemical Senses Volume 8 Number 4 1984 Effects of gymnemic acid on sweet taste perception in primates D.Glaser, G.Hellekant1, J.N.Brouwer2 and H.van der Wei2 Anthropologisches Institut der Universitdt Zurich, CH 8001 Zurich, Switzerland, ^Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI53706, USA, and 2Unilever Research Laboratorium Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (Received July 1983; accepted December 1983) Abstract. Application of gymnemic acid (GA) on the tongue depresses the taste of sucrose in man. This effect, as indicated by electrophysiological responses, has been found to be absent in three non- human primate species. In the present behavioral study the effect of GA on taste responses in 22 primate species, with two subspecies, and 12 human subjects has been investigated. In all the non- human primates studied, including the Pongidae which are closely related to man, GA did not sup- press the response to sucrose, only in man did GA have a depressing effect. Introduction In 1847, in a communication to the Linnean Society of London, mention was made for the first time of a particular property of a plant native to India belong- ing to the Asclepiadaceae: 'A further communication, from a letter written by Mr Edgeworth, dated Banda, 30th August, 1847, was made to the meeting, reporting a remarkable effect produced by the leaves of Gymnema sylvestris R.Br. upon the sense of taste, in reference to diminishing the perception of saccharin flavours'. Further details relating to the effect of these leaves were given by Falconer (1847/48). -
Rich Zingiberales
RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. -
Native Indigenous Tree Species Show Recalcitrance to in Vitro Culture
Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences ISSN 2375-4214 (Print), 2375-4222 (Online) Vol. 2, No. 1; June 2015 Native Indigenous Tree Species Show Recalcitrance to in Vitro Culture Auroomooga P. Y. Yogananda Bhoyroo Vishwakalyan Faculty of Agriculture University of Mauritius Jhumka Zayd Forestry Service Ministry of Agro-Industry (Mauritius) Abstract The status of the Mauritian forest is alarming with deforestation and invasive alien species deeply affecting the indigenous flora. Therefore, major conservation strategies are needed to save the remaining endemic tree species. Explants form three endemic tree species Elaeocarpus bojeri, Foetidia mauritiana and Sideroxylon grandiflorum were grown under in vitro conditions. These species are rareand Elaeocarpus bojeri has been classified as critically endangered. Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used as growth promoters in order to stimulate seed germination, callus induction. Half strength Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media supplemented with coconut water, activated charocoal and phytagel were used as growth media. Hormone levels of TDZ were 0.3mg/l and 0.6mg/l while BAP level was at 1mg/l. Germination rate for E.bojeri was low (5%) with TDZ 0.3mg/l. Sideroxylon grandiflorum seeds showed no response to in vitro culture, while F mauritiana showed successful callus induction with TDZ 0.6mg/l and 0.3mg/l. Keywords: Elaeocarpus bojeri, Foetidia mauritiana, Sideroxylon grandiflorum, in vitro culture, TDZ, BAP 1.0 Introduction The increase in population size, island development and sugarcane cultivation led to drastic deforestation that reduced the native forest to less than 2%. Mauritius has the most endangered terrestrial flora in the world according to the IUCN (Ministry of Environment & Sustainable Development (MoESD), 2011). -
397 Genus Osmodes Holland
14th edition (2015). Genus Osmodes Holland, 1892 Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 10: 291 et nota (284-294). Type-species: Hesperia laronia Hewitson, by original designation. An Afrotropical genus of 14 species. Revised by Miller (1964 and 1971). Species belonging to this genus are all inhabitants of primary lowland forest. In this habitat they are most often seen flying along forest paths, or in clearings in the forest. The flight is rapid but low down, among the vegetation, and they usually settle in sunny spots (Congdon & Collins, 1998). *Osmodes adon (Mabille, 1889) Adon White-spots Pamphila adon Mabille, 1889. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 9: 149 (149-150, 155-156, 167-169, 183- 184). Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra-Leone”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Guinea – Seredou (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Mount Peko (H. Warren-Gash, vide Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Likpe (Miller, 1971); Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a); Kukurantumi (Larsen, 2005a); Atewa Range (Larsen, 2005a); Kakum (Larsen, 2005a); Wli Falls (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Gambari (Larsen, 2005a); Olokemeji (Larsen, 2005a); Kabba province (Larsen, 2005a); Okwangwo (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Barombi (Neustetter, 1916); Bitje, Ja River (Evans, 1951). Gabon – Waka National Park (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Paulis (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is a rare Osmodes (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. barombina Neustetter, 1916 (as sp. of Osmodes). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 106 (95- 108). -
Revision of Marantaceae, with a New Generic Record and Notes on Naturalised and Commonly Cultivated Exotic Species
Phytotaxa 289 (3): 201–224 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.1 Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species MATTI A. NIISSALO1*, GILLIAN S. KHEW2, EDWARD L. WEBB1 & JANA LEONG-ŠKORNIČKOVÁ2* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract An illustrated revision of Marantaceae in Singapore with an identification key and proposed national IUCN Red List as- sessments is presented here. In total three genera and four species are considered native to Singapore (Donax canniformis, Phrynium hirtum, Stachyphrynium parvum, and Stachyphrynium latifolium) representing 33 % of diversity currently known to occur in Peninsular Malaysia. Although the genus Phrynium Willdenow (1797: 1) was previously reported for Singapore based on the presence of P. villosulum, we show that this species is, contrary to previous accounts, not native but introduced. Newly reported Phrynium hirtum therefore represents a new native generic record for the country. We are changing the status of Schumannianthus benthamianus, previously considered native, to cultivated, as there are no historic or recent collections of this species. Non-native species commonly employed in Singapore streetscapes and parks are also briefly discussed and illustrated in this paper. -
Edible Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes
Landscape May 2006 L-14 Edible Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes Melvin Wong Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences ost people love to grow plants that have edible The kukui tree (Fig. 5a, b, c) is a hardy tree that will Mparts. The choice of which plants to grow depends add greenish-white to the landscape. upon an individual’s taste, so selecting plants for a land Other less common but attractive plants with edible scape is usually a personal decision. This publication parts include sapodilla, ‘Tahitian’ breadfruit, ‘Kau’ mac gives a broad overview of the subject to provide a basis adamia, mangosteen, orange, lemon, lime, kumquat, ja for selecting edible plants for Hawai‘i landscapes. boticaba, surinam cherry, tea, coffee, cacao, clove, bay The list of fruits, vegetables, and plants with edible rum, bay leaf, cinnamon, vanilla, noni, pikake, rose, parts is extensive, but many of these plants do not make variegated red Spanish pineapple, rosemary, lavender, good landscape plants. For example, mango, litchi, lon ornamental pepper, society garlic, nasturtium, calabash gan, and durian trees are popular because of their fruits, gourd, ung tsoi, sweetpotato, land cress, Tahitian taro, but they are too large to make good landscape trees for and edible hibiscus. most urban residential situations. However, they can be Sapodilla (Fig. 6a, b, c) is a compact tree with sweet, and often are planted on large houselots, particularly in edible fruits. ‘Tahitian’ breadfruit (Fig. 7) is a compact rural areas, and in circumstances where landscape de tree that is not as large and spreading as the common sign aesthetics are not of paramount importance. -
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 14, Issue 5 Ser. I (Sep – Oct 2019), PP 05-37 www.Iosrjournals.Org Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used By the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes Anowi Chinedu Fredrick1 , Uyanwa Ifeanyi Christian1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Anowi Chinedu Fredrick Abstract: Diabetes has been regarded as one of the major health problems wrecking havoc on the people especially the geriatrics. In Umuahia, diabetes is regarded as a serious health problems with high rate of mortality, morbidity and with serious health consequences. Currently plants are used by the natives to treat this disease. Hence the need for this study to ascertain medicinal plants with high cure rate but little side effects as synthetic antidiabetic drugs have been known to be associated with various serious and deleterious side effects. This is therefore a field trip conducted in Umuahia, Nigeria, to determine the various medicinal plants used by the natives in the management of diabetes. Dialogue in the form of semi-structured interview was conducted with the traditional healers (TH). Some of whom were met many times depending on the amount of information available at any given time and to check the already collected information. Information regarding the plants used in the management /treatment of diabetes were collected, the socio-political data of the THs, formulation of remedies, and the symptoms and other ways the THs use to diagnose diabetes. -
Easy Growing Instructions for the Miracle Berry Plant Synsepalum Dulcificum “Miracle Fruit” (Sin-SEP-Ah-Lum)
141 North Street Danielson, CT 06239 Toll Free: (888) 330-8038 FAX: (888) 774-9932 www.logees.com Easy Growing Instructions for the Miracle Berry Plant Synsepalum dulcificum “Miracle Fruit” (sin-SEP-ah-lum) This exciting plant from Tropical West Africa known as the Miracle Berry or Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is a slow growing shrub that, once mature, produces fruit intermittently throughout the year. The miracle is in the berry. After you’ve eaten the small gumdrop sized berry, everything sour afterwards turns sweet. A mature plant will flower and fruit year-round. Once the plant reaches two feet in height it will produce fruit. More fruit tends to set in the summer time. When the fruit is ripe, the berries turn red. Ripe berries will hold onto the bush for several weeks. Hand pollination ensures that fruit will be produced. Pollinate by shaking the leave back and forth or by rubbing your hands through the branches when the plant is in flower. How to Care for Your Miracle Plant Light- Keep in a full-to-partially sunlit window. The more sun, the better. Water- Keep evenly moist, using a non-chlorinated water or, if the water is chlorinated, let it stand for 24 hours. Excessive dryness will kill or damage the plant. Do not allow to dry out. The greatest cause of losing the plant is that the roots dry out. Be especially attentive to watering, especially under high heat. We recently found a self-watering globe that will keep this plant evenly moist (new in our Fall 2007 catalogue). -
A Biobrick Compatible Strategy for Genetic Modification of Plants Boyle Et Al
A BioBrick compatible strategy for genetic modification of plants Boyle et al. Boyle et al. Journal of Biological Engineering 2012, 6:8 http://www.jbioleng.org/content/6/1/8 Boyle et al. Journal of Biological Engineering 2012, 6:8 http://www.jbioleng.org/content/6/1/8 METHODOLOGY Open Access A BioBrick compatible strategy for genetic modification of plants Patrick M Boyle1†, Devin R Burrill1†, Mara C Inniss1†, Christina M Agapakis1,7†, Aaron Deardon2, Jonathan G DeWerd2, Michael A Gedeon2, Jacqueline Y Quinn2, Morgan L Paull2, Anugraha M Raman2, Mark R Theilmann2, Lu Wang2, Julia C Winn2, Oliver Medvedik3, Kurt Schellenberg4, Karmella A Haynes1,8, Alain Viel3, Tamara J Brenner3, George M Church5,6, Jagesh V Shah1* and Pamela A Silver1,5* Abstract Background: Plant biotechnology can be leveraged to produce food, fuel, medicine, and materials. Standardized methods advocated by the synthetic biology community can accelerate the plant design cycle, ultimately making plant engineering more widely accessible to bioengineers who can contribute diverse creative input to the design process. Results: This paper presents work done largely by undergraduate students participating in the 2010 International Genetically Engineered Machines (iGEM) competition. Described here is a framework for engineering the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with standardized, BioBrick compatible vectors and parts available through the Registry of Standard Biological Parts (www.partsregistry.org). This system was used to engineer a proof-of-concept plant that exogenously expresses the taste-inverting protein miraculin. Conclusions: Our work is intended to encourage future iGEM teams and other synthetic biologists to use plants as a genetic chassis. -
Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D. -
Non-Timber Forest Products: Value, Use and Management Issues in Africa, Including Examples from Latin America
Non-timber Forest Products: Value, use and management issues in Africa, including examples from Latin America Editors: S. A. Crafter, J. Awimbo, and A. J. Broekhoven IUCN - THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION Established in 1948, IUCN - The World Conservation Union - is an organisation whose members include governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), research institutions and nature conservation agencies in over 130 countries. IUCN's objectives are to promote and encourage the sustainable conservation of natural resources. IUCN FOREST CONSERVATION PROGRAMME IUCN's Forest Conservation Programme coordinates and supports the activities of IUCN secretariat and members working with forest ecosystems, as well as research and promotion of the sustainable use of forest resources. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) supplies information on animals and plants species, and on habits which are especially important for the conservation of biological diversity and the forest ecosystems. The programme includes a study of forest policy, and field projects relating to specific problems arising with the management of biologically most important forest resources. The principles of the World Conservation Strategy applied in these projects, which combine the needs of conservation and those of local populations. Special emphasis is placed on setting up buffer zones around national parks and reserves. IUCN's policy and activities are based on information supplied by its members or originating from field projects, and on the analysis of current rends prepared by WCMC. The programme is developed in consultation with international cooperation organisations, in order to ensure full consistency between development projects and conservation priorities. IUCN publications contribute with information and technical recommendations of governments, international institutions, persons responsible for preparing development plans and conservation specialists. -
Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.