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Research News Issue 15
NEWSLETTER OF THE ENGLISH HERITAGE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Inside this issue... RESEARCH Introduction ...............................2 NEW DISCOVERIES AND INTERPRETATIONS NEWS Photo finish for England’s highest racecourse ...................3 Aldborough in focus: air photographic analysis and © English Heritage mapping of the Roman town of Isurium Brigantium ...........6 Recent work at Marden Henge, Wiltshire .................... 10 Manningham: an historic area assessment of a Bradford suburb .................... 14 DEVELOPING METHODOLOGIES English Heritage Coastal Estate Risk Assessment ....... 18 UNDERSTANDING PLACES Understanding place ............ 20 Celebrating People & Place: guidance on commemorative plaques .................................... 22 NOTES & NEWS ................. 23 RESEARCH DEPARTMENT REPORTS LIST ....................... 27 3D lidar model showing possible racecourse on Alston Common, Cumbria – see story page 3 NEW PUBLICATIONS ......... 28 NUMBER 15 AUTUMN 2010 ISSN 1750-2446 This issue of Research News is published soon after the Government’s Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) announcement, which for English Heritage means a cut of 32% to our grant in aid over the next four years from 1st April 2011. On a more positive note the Government sees a continuing role for English Heritage and values the independent expert advice it provides. Research Department staff make an important contribution to the organisation’s expertise. Applied research will continue to be an important part of the role of English Heritage and from April 2011 it will be integrated with our designation, planning and advice functions as part of the National Heritage Protection Plan (NHPP). The Plan, published on our website on the 7th December 2010, will focus our research effort and other activities on those heritage assets that are both significant and under threat. In response to the CSR and the NHPP Research News will, from 2011, be published twice rather than three times a year, and focus on reporting on the range of research activities contributing to the Plan. -
Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410
no nonsense Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410 – interpretation ltd interpretation Contract number 1446 May 2011 no nonsense–interpretation ltd 27 Lyth Hill Road Bayston Hill Shrewsbury SY3 0EW www.nononsense-interpretation.co.uk Cadw would like to thank Richard Brewer, Research Keeper of Roman Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, for his insight, help and support throughout the writing of this plan. Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47-410 Cadw 2011 no nonsense-interpretation ltd 2 Contents 1. Roman conquest, occupation and settlement of Wales AD 47410 .............................................. 5 1.1 Relationship to other plans under the HTP............................................................................. 5 1.2 Linking our Roman assets ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Sites not in Wales .................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Criteria for the selection of sites in this plan .......................................................................... 9 2. Why read this plan? ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Aim what we want to achieve ........................................................................................... 10 2.2 Objectives............................................................................................................................. -
Lullingstone Roman Villa. a Teacher's Handbook.[Revised]
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 445 970 SO 031 609 AUTHOR Watson, lain TITLE Lullingstone Roman Villa. A Teacher's Handbook. [Revised]. ISBN ISBN-1-85074-684-2 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 44p. AVAILABLE FROM English Heritage, Education Service, 23 Savile Row, London W1X lAB, England; Tel: 020 7973 3000; Fax: 020 7973 3443; E-mail: [email protected]; Web site: (www.english-heritage.org.uk/). PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Archaeology; Foreign Countries; Heritage Education; *Historic Sites; Historical Interpretation; Learning Activities; Secondary Education IDENTIFIERS *England (Kent); English History; Mosaics; *Roman Architecture; Roman Civilization; Roman Empire; Site Visits; Timelines ABSTRACT Lullingstone, in Kent, England, is a Roman villa which was in use for almost the whole period of the Roman occupation of Britain during the fourth century A.D. Throughout this teacher's handbook, emphasis is placed on the archaeological evidence for conclusions about the use of the site, and there are suggested activities to help students understand the techniques and methods of archaeology. The handbook shows how the site relates to its environment in a geographical context and suggests how its mosaics and wall paintings can be used as stimuli for creative work, either written or artistic. It states that the evidence for building techniques can also be examined in the light of the technology curriculum, using the Roman builder activity sheet. The handbook consists of the following sections: -
Isurium Brigantum
Isurium Brigantum an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough The authors and publisher wish to thank the following individuals and organisations for their help with this Isurium Brigantum publication: Historic England an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough Society of Antiquaries of London Thriplow Charitable Trust Faculty of Classics and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Chris and Jan Martins Rose Ferraby and Martin Millett with contributions by Jason Lucas, James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven Verdonck and Lacey Wallace Research Report of the Society of Antiquaries of London No. 81 For RWS Norfolk ‒ RF Contents First published 2020 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House List of figures vii Piccadilly Preface x London W1J 0BE Acknowledgements xi Summary xii www.sal.org.uk Résumé xiii © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2020 Zusammenfassung xiv Notes on referencing and archives xv ISBN: 978 0 8543 1301 3 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this study 1 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data 1.2 Geographical setting 2 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the 1.3 Historical background 2 Library of Congress, Washington DC 1.4 Previous inferences on urban origins 6 The moral rights of Rose Ferraby, Martin Millett, Jason Lucas, 1.5 Textual evidence 7 James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven 1.6 History of the town 7 Verdonck and Lacey Wallace to be identified as the authors of 1.7 Previous archaeological work 8 this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
The Romanization of the British Landscape
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Changing Identities in a Changing Land: The Romanization of the British Landscape Thomas Ryan Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/470 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Changing Identities in a Changing Land: The Romanization of the British Landscape By Thomas J. Ryan Jr. A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2014 Thomas J. Ryan Jr. All Rights Reserved. 2014 ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis _______________ ______________________________ Date Thesis Advisor Matthew K. Gold _______________ ______________________________ Date Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract This thesis will examine the changes in the landscape of Britain resulting from the Roman invasion in 43 CE and their effect on the identities of the native Britons. Romanization, as the process is commonly called, and evidence of these altered identities as seen in material culture have been well studied. However, the manifestations of this process in the landscape have been less well examined. -
Cavalry Equipment of the Roman Army in the First Century A.D
Originally published in Coulston, J.C. (ed.) 1988: Military Equipment and the Identity of Roman Soldiers. Proceedings of the Fourth Roman Military Equipment Conference, BAR International Series 394, Oxford CAVALRY EQUIPMENT OF THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE FIRST CENTURY A.D. M.C. Bishop INTRODUCTION The main aim of this paper is to identify and describe the elements that went together to make up Roman military horse (or riding) harness in the first century A.D.1 Closely linked with this, however, will be a consideration of just how much the archaeological evidence can tell us about the military use of mounts.2 It is to be hoped that the present work will at least serve to generate new interest in cavalry equipment and provoke discussion about the functions of its various components. There are two main source areas for the study of Roman military horse equipment: monuments depicting its use and artefacts recovered from the archaeological record. Pictorial evidence, most notably that represented by sculpture, can be used to show how the various elements of horse harness functioned as a whole. The value of such depictions is hotly debated, but it is generally true that funerary monuments tend to give a more accurate picture than official sculpture, although both categories vary widely in quality.3 Two types of tombstone, the 'Reiter' and the 'Totenmahl' are characteristic of the first century A.D. (although not exclusively so):4 these show, in the first instance, the deceased cavalryman riding his mount in combat, often with a cowering barbarian being trampled beneath the horse;5 the other type depicts the dead man enjoying a funerary banquet in the afterlife in an upper scene, whilst his horse is paraded in all its equipment in a lower.6 Totenmahl depictions usually show the horse being controlled from behind by means of long-reins and with its saddle covered by an overblanket, whilst the trooper's calo carries spare spears (javelins?). -
Roman Forts and Fortresses Introductions to Heritage Assets Summary
Roman Forts and Fortresses Introductions to Heritage Assets Summary Historic England’s Introductions to Heritage Assets (IHAs) are accessible, authoritative, illustrated summaries of what we know about specific types of archaeological site, building, landscape or marine asset. Typically they deal with subjects which have previously lacked such a published summary, either because the literature is dauntingly voluminous, or alternatively where little has been written. Most often it is the latter, and many IHAs bring understanding of site or building types which are neglected or little understood. This IHA provides an introduction to Roman forts and fortresses (permanent or semi- permanent bases of Roman troops). These installations were a very important feature of the Roman period in Britain, as the British provinces were some of the most heavily militarised in the Roman Empire. Descriptions of the asset type and its development as well as its associations and a brief chronology are included. A list of in-depth sources on the topic is suggested for further reading. This document has been prepared by Pete Wilson and edited by Joe Flatman, Pete Herring and Dave Went. It is one of a series of 41 documents. This edition published by Historic England October 2018. All images © Historic England unless otherwise stated. Please refer to this document as: Historic England 2018 Roman Forts and Fortresses: Introductions to Heritage Assets. Swindon. Historic England. HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/selection-criteria/scheduling-selection/ihas-archaeology/ Front cover: Whitley Castle auxiliary fort, Northumberland (near Alston in Cumbria), from the east in 2007. Introduction Roman forts and fortresses (as opposed to camps) were the permanent or semi- permanent bases of Roman troops. -
Human Rights, Social Welfare, and Greek Philosophy Legitimate
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: H Interdisciplinary Volume 15 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Human Rights, Social Welfare, and Greek Philosophy Legitimate Reasons for the Invasion of Britain by Claudius By Tomoyo Takahashi University of California, United States Abstract- In 43 AD, the fourth emperor of Imperial Rome, Tiberius Claudius Drusus, organized his military and invaded Britain. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the legitimate reasons for The Invasion of Britain led by Claudius. Before the invasion, his had an unfortunate life. He was physically distorted, so no one gave him an official position. However, one day, something unimaginable happened. He found himself selected by the Praetorian Guard to be the new emperor of Roma. Many scholars generally agree Claudius was eager to overcome his physical disabilities and low expectations to secure his position as new Emperor in Rome by military success in Britain. Although his personal motivation was understandable, it was not sufficient enough for Imperial Rome to legitimize the invasion of Britain. It is important to separate personal reasons and official reasons. Keywords: (1) roman, (2) britain, (3) claudius, (4) roman emperor, (5) colonies, (6) slavery, (7) colchester, (8) veterans, (9) legitimacy. GJHSS-H Classification: FOR Code: 180114 HumanRightsSocialWelfareandGreekPhilosophyLegitimateReasonsfortheInvasionofBritainbyClaudius Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Tomoyo Takahashi. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Paper Information: Title: Aspects of Romanization in the Wroxeter
Paper Information: Title: Aspects of Romanization in the Wroxeter Hinterland Author(s): R. H. White and P. M. van Leusen Pages: 133–143 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC1996_133_143 Publication Date: 11 April 1997 Volume Information: Meadows, K., Lemke, C., and Heron, J. (eds) 1997. TRAC 96: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Sheffield 1996. Oxford: Oxbow Books. Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2013. 15. Aspects of Romanization in the Wroxeter Hinterland by R. H. White & P. M. van Leusen Wroxeter's Paradox The common perception ofWroxeter is that it occupied an anomalous position as the fourth largest Roman town in Britain set within a landscape apparently practically devoid of any of the normal accoutrements of Romanized rural society (figure I). This creates a paradox in that, in all other Roman towns, there seems to be a direct relationship between the size of a town and the degree of Romanization in its hinterland. Ray Laurence has recently highlighted this perception in his study of Pompeii, concluding that " we cannot divide the city from the countryside, nor the countryside from the city. -
The Campaign of Aulus Plautius
Archaeological Journal ISSN: 0066-5983 (Print) 2373-2288 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/raij20 The Campaign of Aulus Plautius Edwin Guest LL.D. To cite this article: Edwin Guest LL.D. (1866) The Campaign of Aulus Plautius, Archaeological Journal, 23:1, 159-180, DOI: 10.1080/00665983.1866.10851344 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1866.10851344 Published online: 11 Jul 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1 View related articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=raij20 Download by: [University of California, San Diego] Date: 29 June 2016, At: 13:17 CAMPAIGN OF AULUS PLAUTIUS. CAMBORITVM Η(ύιιιώτ·ιώ/ι^ ^MV^ODVNVM 7 'GLEVVM; tpZUrn^&ldicstcr ^Aylesbury \VER0LAMl VN! \KSPAlbans fandiim Abinadom >VLL0NIAC£ MoiJafortL iiibiimjioiHiiotif LONDIN WaiiiuraCPwll' Thames ν— ί or,Forest \ή*όmines Teddawto'V VERLVCIO "2 Sum ihpltifonLj' ^XlGiujstoiv iRIWEi Fu.i'ojjibe Wood <Si Gcarg es HilL· '•'ppily Wood ilu'ltf Wood. (mUdJbrcL W Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 13:17 29 June 2016 DorlaJig PORTVSfiVBs J Se-CCARVM PORTVS/LEFOTNIS Winchester FORTIFIED FORD. CowayStates. ^rcijaeoltrstcal Journal. SEPTEMBER, 1866. THE CAMPAIGN OF AULUS PLAUTIUS.1 By EDWIN GUEST, LL.D., Master of Gonvil and Caius College, Cambridge. BEFORE we can discuss with, advantage the campaign of Aulus Plautius in Britain, it will be necessary to settle, or at least endeavour to settle, certain vexed questions which have much troubled our English antiquaries. The first of these relates to the place where Caesar crossed the Thames. -
Roman Roads of Britain
Roman Roads of Britain A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 04 Jul 2013 02:32:02 UTC Contents Articles Roman roads in Britain 1 Ackling Dyke 9 Akeman Street 10 Cade's Road 11 Dere Street 13 Devil's Causeway 17 Ermin Street 20 Ermine Street 21 Fen Causeway 23 Fosse Way 24 Icknield Street 27 King Street (Roman road) 33 Military Way (Hadrian's Wall) 36 Peddars Way 37 Portway 39 Pye Road 40 Stane Street (Chichester) 41 Stane Street (Colchester) 46 Stanegate 48 Watling Street 51 Via Devana 56 Wade's Causeway 57 References Article Sources and Contributors 59 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 61 Article Licenses License 63 Roman roads in Britain 1 Roman roads in Britain Roman roads, together with Roman aqueducts and the vast standing Roman army, constituted the three most impressive features of the Roman Empire. In Britain, as in their other provinces, the Romans constructed a comprehensive network of paved trunk roads (i.e. surfaced highways) during their nearly four centuries of occupation (43 - 410 AD). This article focuses on the ca. 2,000 mi (3,200 km) of Roman roads in Britain shown on the Ordnance Survey's Map of Roman Britain.[1] This contains the most accurate and up-to-date layout of certain and probable routes that is readily available to the general public. The pre-Roman Britons used mostly unpaved trackways for their communications, including very ancient ones running along elevated ridges of hills, such as the South Downs Way, now a public long-distance footpath. -
Roman – AD 43-410
Roman – AD 43-410 Roman material is scattered throughout the AONB, with – as might be expected – a concentration near Fishbourne Palace that lies on the border of the AONB (Fig 12). The Roman invasion of AD 43 resulted in major changes in social and economic conditions as well as changes in technology. It represents the start of one of the most dynamic and distinctive episodes in the history of South-East England. The location of the landing spot has been the subject of debate, with Richborough in Kent favoured by the ‘traditional view,’ although locations in the Chichester/Solent area have also been suggested. Arguments supporting Sussex/Hampshire landings include: • The Roman desire to restore King Verica to his Atrebatic kingdom located in parts of the modern counties of Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire and Berkshire; • The presence along this part of the south coast of safe harbours; • The advantages from the Roman point of view of starting their campaign in friendly territory where they could perhaps rely on safe disembarkment and local support; (Rudling 2003). However, there is no definite archaeological evidence from Sussex for the invasion itself. The official reason in the Roman period given by Dio Cassius for the invasion was the expulsion of the invaders of King Verica’s territory, who fled to Rome. Martin Henig (1998, 2002), who has suggested that it was more a question of ‘Roman liberation’ rather than conquest, said that Britain’s Romanised southern rulers may have welcomed the arrival of the Romans and profited from it afterwards. This point of view seems supported by the absence of contemporary forts in the area.