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CASE Belarus BELARUS BELARUS THE BELARUS The publication contains a selection THE of articles by junior Belarusian EUROPEAN UNION: EUROPEAN economists dedicated to the issues of integration of Belarus and European UNION Union. The articles were written for UNREALIzEd POTENTIAL the project “Building economic research capacity on EU-Belarus relations”. Digest of selected socio-economic issues Recommended for researchers, academia, lectors, students and others UNREALI interested in issues of European integration. z E d POTENTIAL Беларусь и Европейский Союз: нереализованный потенциал Belarus and European Union: unrealized potential Сборник статей Минск «Равноденствие» 2012 УДК 339.924(476+4-672EC)(082) ББК 65.9(4Бел) Б43 Редактор-составитель Д. Бабицкий Беларусь и Европейский Cоюз: нереализованный потенциал = Belarus Б43 and European Union: unrealized potential : сборник статей / ред.-сост.: Д. Бабицкий — Минск : Равноденствие, 2012. — 260 с. ISBN 978-985-6736-49-3. В сборник вошли статьи молодых белорусских экономистов, посвященные вопросам экономической интеграции Беларуси и Европейского Союза. Статьи написаны в рамках проекта «Развитие исследовательского потенциала в области отношений Беларуси с Европейским Союзом». Рекомендовано сотрудникам научных и исследовательских организаций, преподавателям, аспирантам, студентам старших курсов, а также всем, кто интересуется вопросами европейской интеграции. УДК 339.924(476+4-672EC)(082) ББК 65.9(4Бел) The publication contains a selection of articles by junior Belarusian economists dedicated to the issues of integration of Belarus and European Union. The articles were written for the project “Building economic research capacity on EU-Belarus relations”. Recommended for researchers, academia, lectors, students and others interested in issues of European integration. ISBN 978-985-6736-49-3 © Бабицкий Д., составление, 2012 © Оформление. ОДО «Равноденствие», 2012 Содержание Взаимодействие в сфере инноваций: достаточно ли Беларусь внедряет инноваций, чтобы быть партнером? ............................................... 7 Татьяна Барцевич Финансовый и банковский рынки Беларуси: риски в период финансовой нестабильности и перспективы интеграции в мировую финансовую систему ....... 49 Антон Дядик Сотрудничество между Беларусью и Европейским союзом для устранения технических барьеров в торговле ............................................................................. 69 Дарья Фирсова Правовая аппроксимация Беларуси с ЕС для получения экономической выгоды (на примере системы государственного субсидирования) .......... 85 Максим Карлюк Использование моделей прогнозирования банкротства для белорусских строительных компаний ............... 109 Юлия Протасеня 3 Моделирование белорусских экспортных отношений в рамках региональной интеграции .. 157 Оксана Шкутько Транснациональные кластеры: практика ЕС и перспективы для Беларуси .......................................... 181 Маргарита Слиж Реформирование Белорусской железной дороги: европейский и российский опыт .............................. 193 Татьяна Урбанович Мобильность рабочей силы между Беларусью и Польшей как локальный аспект европейской интеграции ..................................................................... 231 Ирина Вашко 4 Contents Cooperation on innovation: does Belarus innovate enough to be a partner? ........... 7 Tatsiana Bartsevich Financial and banking market of Belarus: risks in the period of financial instability and perspectives of integration into the world financial system .................................................... 49 Anton Dyadik Cooperation between Belarus and the European Unio for elimination of technical barriers to trade .......................................... 69 Darya Firsava Legal Approximation with EU Law for Economic Benefit of Belarus: Case of State Aid .......... 85 Maksim Karluk Using bankruptcy prediction models for Belarusian construction companies ........................ 109 Yuliya Pratasenia 5 Modeling Belarusian export relations within regional integration ............................ 157 Aksana Shkutsko Transnational clusters: practice of the EU and prospects for the Repablic of Belarus .................... 181 Marharyta Slizh Reforming Belarusian Railway — learning from European and Russian experience ........ 193 Tatsiana Urbanovich Labour mobility between Belarus and Poland as a local aspect of European integration ........ 231 Iryna Vashko 6 Cooperation on innovation: does Belarus innovate enough to be a partner? Tatsiana Bartsevich Abstract Based on data of research on innovation activity in the Republic of Belarus the author analyzes the perspectives to es- tablish different forms of innovation cooperation with both domestic and foreign partners. The author finds out a rela- tively stable set of characteristics of those enterprises that are engaged in innovation process. According to the results of the research innovation-active enterprises in Belarus are rela- tively large and have a high share of skilled labour. They are likely to use their own funds to finance works and research relevant for innovation activity rather than public funding. They are characterized by a relatively high level of innovative products. However some difficulties remain. The analysis of the means reveals that intellectual property protection and other protection methods (outgoing spillover variable) are less applicable in Belarus. It may result from inadequate regula- tion and legal protection of intellectual property rights in joint projects with foreign partners. Keywords: Innovation active companies, innovation coop- eration, Belarus 7 Belarus and the European Union: unrealized potential Introduction Innovations have become the focal point of many new policy initiatives in the last few years in Europe and in other counties. The challenge set out by Lisbon European Council in 2000 is to make Europe “the world’s most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economy”. It in particular has sparked interest in new approaches to economic policy for competitiveness. At the same time, the Programme of So- cial and Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus for 2011–2015 states that innovations and increase of invest- ments should become a precondition of Belarusian growth. By the end of 2015 Belarus has to reach the following indices: 20–21% of innovative products in total shipped industrial products, 12–14% of innovative and high-tech products in total export of products and services. Cooperation between the EU and Belarus could contribute to achievement of these ambitious goals and to creation of positive synergies in their cooperation. There are various examples illustrating the extent to which innovation is supported in European countries today. In a publication “Prospects of Integration and Development of R&D and the Innovation Potential of Black Sea Economic Co-operation Countries” (Leal Filho, 2002) a set of examples from the EU countries and from Central and Eastern Eu- ropean countries is given. They illustrate that focus on the future does affect the innovativeness of a country. Indeed, fo- cusing on emerging technologies and collaborating in future- oriented research seem to lead to a good performance. The main question is whether Belarus could perform well in these future-related innovation processes. So, we need to look for current results of innovative system, analyse indicators and preconditions which will make Belarusian innovation system to perform better. 8 Cooperation on innovation: does Belarus innovate enough to be a partner? The remainder of this article will discuss, first, the per- formance of Belarus in innovation process: where do we stand? Second, factors and characteristics that influence company’ decisions to co-operate with foreign partners on their in- novation and R&D activities: where do we want to go? The article concludes with thoughts how current efforts can be made more effective to increase innovation performance and to develop cooperation: what are the causes and remedies for insuf- ficient performance? To address these questions the current landscape of inno- vations in Belarus has to be viewed. This is done through the data analysis approach in section 2. Section 3 lists the results relating to the innovation conditions and major inhibiting factors. Profile of Belarusian innovation system The distinctive feature characterizing existing scientific and technological system of Belarus (as well as a whole economic system) is a very small share of scientific and technological (S&T) potential of the private ownership. The business sec- tor is not the major R&D performer, in contrast to what is typical in market economies. Only 12,8% of R&D personnel works in industrial enterprises. Research potential is domi- nantly (71,45%) concentrated in the National Academy of Sci- ences (NAS, www.nasb.gov.by), the Department of Education, the Department of Industry, the Department of Agriculture, Belarusian State University. Nevertheless, in modern economy innovation occurs in non-sequential interaction of different companies, countries, universities, and research institutions. Such model is quite different from traditional model where closed corporate R&D centers applied universities’ basic re- search to products and processes. 9 Belarus and the European Union: unrealized potential TABLE 1. S&T Landscape (2010) R&D Expenditure Number of research Number of R&D as % of GDP organisations personnel 0,75 468 31712 Source: http://gknt.org.by/rus/gpir TABLE 2. Innovative infrastructure in figures
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