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"Intrepid" Victor-Jean-Baptiste Girardey

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"INTREPID" VICTOR-JEAN-BAPTISTE GIRARDEY By Lt-cnel ERIC Vieux de Morzadec (Cambodia) SCV and MOSB member Torches light up the devastated classroom transformed into a Burning Chapel, in the middle of which, placed on trestles, a coffin is covered with the "Staring Cross", the war flag of the Confederate States of America, 64th Regiment of Georgia. Two standard bearers stand on either side, one with the Confederation flag and the other the… French flag. Georgian soldiers come one after another to bow to the coffin, in the flickering torchlight, which is defined at times on a face wet with tears. These brave people, these veterans who have been through hell for three years, pay a last emotional tribute to their leader, this "Bloody French", Confederate general, killed on August 16, 1864 by a Yankee bullet, while he personally led, as usual, the fire of his men against the blue hordes of invaders from the North. Girardey was waving the banner of the 64th Georgia Regiment at the time of his death. The men wanted to pay homage to their fallen chief, whose body was recovered after a counterattack after being dumped on the field by the Yankees. When the next day the body is transported to Richmond, all the available men of the brigade form the hedge and present arms. The chaplain blesses the coffin and, at the end of the brief ceremony, as the funeral procession moves away, the music begins “Dixie”, repeated in chorus by way of a last farewell by all the veterans who present their arms, while the officers salute with their sabers. Thus ended the life and career of one of those French officers who espoused the cause of the South, that of the freedom of states, that of the independence of the South in the face of the invasion of a tyrannical North that will behave like a barbarian. This brave man, like the others, is a forgotten hero. *** Born in Lauw, Alsace, on June 26, 1837, Victor Girardey emigrated in 1842 with his family to Georgia. Orphaned at the age of 16, he moved to New Orleans where he continued his studies before marrying Clotilde Lesueur. When war was declared, he was appointed lieutenant in the Louisiana militia, before joining the 1st Louisiana Infantry Battalion. On October 12, 1861, he was appointed aide-de-camp to General Albert G. Blanchard. Appointed captain on June 21, 1862, and adjutant-general (chief of staff) to Brigadier General Ambrose Wright, Girardey received numerous citations for having fought valiantly in the Battle of the Seven Days, but also in Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. During the Second Battle of Manassas, he took command of a regiment in which the colonel was killed. During the siege of Petersburg, Captain Girardey was assigned to the staff of General William Mahone's division. With the outbreak of the Overland Campaign in May 1864, the nature of the war gradually changed in the Virginia theater, moving from a war of movement with occasional battles to a war of position with incessant and rare fighting. maneuvers, the two armies facing each other on either side of a no man's land surrounded by trenches and fortifications. During Overland, Grant's stubbornness in continuing the offensive by flanking maneuvers in the face of the impossibility of breaking through the Southern defenses enabled him to bring the Army of the Potomac to the gates of Richmond and Petersburg that Lee could not. not do anything other than defend. Petersburg for strategic reasons, its railway junction being essential for the supplies of the Army of Northern Virginia and Richmond, while the defense of the latter is only symbolic, Davis refusing to abandon it for political reasons. But the progress of the northerners comes at a very heavy price, the several terrible battles between the two forces during the months of May and June having caused very many losses in both camps. But more than the losses in men, these battles considerably undermine the very organization of the two armies by depriving them of veterans, of officers and especially by undermining the morale of the men and their determination to fight. The battles of Bloody Angle or Cold Harbor, to name only the most emblematic, shocked the troops so much that they now refuse to blindly attack fortified defensive positions, thus completing the transition from war of movement towards war of position and above all opening the siege of Petersburg. Faced with the reluctance of their men, Meade and Grant therefore have no choice but to accept a change of strategic approach. If the Army of Northern Virginia remains the target, the manner of bringing it to its knees must evolve and conform to the reality on the ground. Grant decides that he must undermine Confederate supplies in order to weaken the Southern forces and to do so seems to besiege them the best solution. He then hatches a plan consisting in stretching his own lines in order on the one hand to cut off the supply routes and on the other hand to force Lee to do the same to push him to weaken his positions which when the time comes, once the Confederate army sufficiently weakened by the lack of resources, to be able to pierce the lines more easily. For his part, Lee is not master of the strategic initiative and cannot seize it to move his forces elsewhere on a ground that would be more favorable to him because President Davis refuses to consider the idea of abandoning Richmond, so much so that the southern commander had no other choice but to agree to let himself be besieged, hoping to withstand the shock and have an opportunity to turn the tide. In the aftermath of the first federal assaults on Petersburg, and therefore at the start of the siege of the city, the Confederates occupied a defensive line from the south of Petersburg, around the junction of the Weldon Railroad and the Boydton Plank Road, up to to the Jerusalem Plank Road, then ascending towards the Appomatox and continuing on the other side of the river, north, encompassing the Bermuda Hundred Line, to the west of Richmond, where the fortifications established during the of the Battle of Cold Harbor. Lee arranged Hill's 3rd Corps in the Weldon Railroad area to form his right flank, with Anderson's 1st Corps to his left followed by forces from the North Carolina and South Virginia Department of Beauregard. Pickett's division occupies the Bermuda Hundred Line sector and finally the Richmond defenses are guarded by the capital garrison at the head of which Lee placed Ewell following his inability to command fire after the Battle of the North Anna during which he was seriously injured. End to end, the Southern Line is approximately 40 miles (65 kilometers) and is traversed by solid fortifications as soldiers on both sides have learned to build since the start of the Overland Campaign. In all, Lee had around 54,000 men under his command, 14,000 of whom were under Beauregard, divided into two infantry corps, two annex departments and a cavalry corps. The 1st Corps under Anderson had two divisions of four brigades under Pickett and Field and one of five brigades under Kershaw. The 3rd, of Hill, also has three under Mahone (and Girardey), Heth and Wilcox, the last two having four brigades against five for the first. Beauregard's forces consist of two divisions, commanded by Generals Hoke and Bushrod Johnson and comprising four brigades each. The Richmond garrison is for its part made up of the local militia. Finally, the cavalry corps, placed under the orders of Hampton, regroups three divisions under Generals Fitzhugh Lee, W.H.F. Lee and Mathew Calbraith Butler who succeeds Wade Hampton at the head of his brigade. On the other side, the Federal Line runs generally opposite the Southern Line from Richmond to Petersburg, passing through the bridgehead on the west bank of the Appomattox to Bermuda Hundred, s' stopping a little north of the Jerusalem Plank Road after cutting the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad and as on the other side of the no man's land separating the two lines, the northern positions are firmly entrenched. To ensure the security of the supply base at City Point, a second defensive line was built to close off the peninsula. To line this line, Grant had approximately 107,000 men from two separate armies, that of Meade's Potomac and that of Butler's James. The Army of the Potomac is divided into four infantry and one cavalry corps. The 2nd, under the command of Birney and made up of the four brigade divisions of Mott, Gibbon and Barlow. Warren’s 5th, consisting of four divisions under Griffin, Ayres, Crawford and Lysander Cutler with three brigades each, Cutler’s division consisting of two infantry brigades and one artillery. Wright's 6th Corps consisting of two infantry divisions of four brigades, those of Generals David Allen Russell and Thomas Hewson Neil and one of two brigades under Ricketts. Finally, Burnside's 9th Corps with a division of three brigades under Ledlie and three of two brigades under Generals Robert Brown Potter, Orlando Bolivar Willcox and Edward Ferrero. For the cavalry, the Army of the Potomac can count on three divisions commanded by Sheridan and placed under the orders of Torbert, Gregg and Wilson with all two brigades except that of Torbert which has three. The James Army for its part is made up of the 10th and 18th Corps of Generals Quincy Adams Gillmore and Smith.
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