BUCKLEY FALLS PARK
MANAGEMENT PLAN
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENT AUGUST 1991 33?·. 1: .$!) ~ t. i
FOREWORD
Buckley Falls Park is one of Geelong's prime conservation and recreation areas although this has not always been recognised. Despite its proximity to the centre of Geelong and its significant recreational potential only a relatively small proportion of local residents, let alone visitors to the region, are aware of the area. This Management Plan aims to raise the profile of Buckley Falls Park to ensure that its natural, cultural and recreational values are managed in a balanced way for the benefit of the community. Through the implementation of this Plan, the conservation and recreation corridor along the Barwon River will be extended thereby further enhancing Geelong's open space system. This Management Plan has been prepared by a number of organisations and individuals and I thank them for thetr efforts and a fine result. The Plan recognises and documents the great natural, historical, recreational and landscape values of the Park. It proposes detailed management actions of varying levels of priority for implementation. · The Plan provides a set of long-term guidelines for the management of all aspects of the Park. It is recommended that the existing Committees of Management and any future Committees with responsibility for the area adopt the Plan in principle to ensure that the Park is conserved while allowing for a balance of uses. There is much goodwill in the general community at an organisational, individual This Management Plan was prepared by: and corporate level for the management of the area. It is important that these community resources be harnessed in realising the full potential of the Buckley Falls Paul Dartnell Park. Landscape and Architectural Services Section Department of Conservation and Environment
~~·c:s--i-- Paul Mainey Regional Manager Department of Conservation and Environment
JUL ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Management Plan has been prepared and funded by the Department of Conservation and Environment ( DCE ) under the Urban Nature Conservation Program. Preparation of the Plan and the Masterplan has been guided by a Steering Committee comprising: Richard Stone, DCE ( Chairperson ) Michael Sandford, DCB . Paul Dartnell, DCE Stuart Bowe, DCE Gary Kingsbury, Shire of Corio, and Andrew Buchanan, formerly with the Shire of Cono John Graham and Peter Byrnes, Geelong and District Water Board Ken Middleton, Shire of Bannockburn Trevor Schneider, City of South Barwon Robin Spragg, Geelong Regional Commission, and John Budd, formerly with the GRC Richard Whitting, formerly with the Department for Planning and Urban Growth David Smith and Kent Dodgshun, City of Newtown, and Susan Williamson, formerly with the City of Newtown Tony Woolford, Friends of Buckley Falls Special thanks are extended to the following individuals who have provided valuable contributions on specific subject areas: Geoff Carr, Ecological Horticulture Pty Ltd: botanical information John Holman, Geelong Bushwalking Club: canoeing and rockclimbing assessments Joan Lindros, Geelong Environment Council: revegetation and weed control Ken Middleton, Shire of Bannockburn: historic buildings and sites Trevor Pescott, Geelong Field Naturalists Club: fauna Chris Smith, Historic Places Branch, DCE: historic buildings and sites Iain Stewart, Victorian Archaeological Survey: historic buildings and sites Mark Trengove, Friends of Buckley Falls: vegetation and weed control Michael Vanderzee, Land Use Policy Section, DCE: committees of management Tony Woolford, Friends of Buckley Falls: revegetation Many other individuals and organisations provided useful comments on a working paper entitled "Management Zones"; their contributions are much appreciated. iii
CONTENTS
PART A: CONTEXT FOR THE MANAGEMENT PLAN 1 1. IN'IRODUCTION 1
1.1 Area Management 4
1.2 The Management Plan 7 1.3 Objectives 8 1.4 Policy Context 9 1.5 Socio-Economic Environment 10
PARTB: MANAGEMENT ISSUES, AIMS, CONSTRAINTS AND 12 ACTIONS
2. RESOURCE CONSERVATION 15
2.1 Adjacent Land Uses 15
2.2 Erosion Control 17 2.3 Fauna 20 2.4 Fire 24 2.5 Historic Values 26 2.6 Pest Animals and Domestic Pets 43 2.7 Stormwater 45
2.8 Vegetation 47 2.9 Visual Guidelines 53 2.10 Weeds 61
3. COMMUNITY AND VISITOR USE 68
3.1 Community Uses 68 3.2 Recreation Opportunities 70 3.2.1 Access : Pedestrian, Cycle and Vehicle 70
3.2.2 Canoeing 73 iv
3.2.3 Fishing 75
3.2.4 Horseriding 76
3.2.5 Nature Observation 77
3.2.6 Picnicking 78 3.2.7 Rock Climbing 80 3.2.8 Sightseeing 81 3.2.9 Swimming 82
3.3 Visitor Information and Education 83
4. CONCLUSION 86
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Areas Free of Development, for Low Density Development and for Medium Density Development 88
Appendix 2: Birds, Mammals and Reptiles 91 Appendix 3: Plantings at Buckley Falls, 1986-89 94 Appendix 4: Significant Plant Species Recorded at Buckley Falls on the Barwon River, near Geelong 97 Appendix 5: Larger Plant Species Suitable for Revegetation at Buckley Falls on the Barwon River near Geelong 102 Appendix 6: Serious, Potentially Serious, or Visually Deleterious Weed Species at Buckley Falls on the Barwon River near Geelong 104
MAPS Map 1 : Locality Map 2 Map 2: Land Tenure and Control 3 Map 3 : Vegetation and Soils 19 Map 4 : Access, Recreation and Historic Features 28 Map 5: Topography, Viewshed and Landscape Features 55
Map 6: Concentration of Weeds 63 v
MASTERPLAN 14
TABLES Table 1 : Register Listings 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 1
PART A : CONTEXT FOR THE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Part A of this Management Plan provides the broad context which has guided the determination of management aims and proposed actions. A brief history of area management to date is offered, followed by a statement of the main purpose of the Plan. The overall objectives for the development of the Buckley Falls area are set out together with some relevant policy considerations concerning riverine environments, and the findings of a report by the Geelong Regional Commission which provides relevant social and economic background.
1. INTRODUCTION
The area addressed by this Management Plan, henceforth referred to as Buckley Falls Park, includes the linear corridor of the Barwon River extending downstream from the boundary between the Shire of Barrabool and the City of South Barwon to the aqueduct bridge over the Barwon River adjacent to Queens Park Golf Course; and the linear corridor of the Moorabool River extending from a point two hundred metres upstream of the old Fyansford Bridge downstream to the junction with the Barwon River. ( See Map 1 ). While Queens Park itself does not lie within the boundaries of Buckley Falls Park, it does fall within the general study area and has some features which are important to the management of Buckley Falls Park proper. The area has a number of significant natural values including geological features, diverse landforms and waterfonns, and native flora and fauna. Sites and buildings of historical significance are also an important part of the landscape; this is recognised in listings on various heritage re$isters. Despite these values the area at present does not have a high profile in recreation terms with either Geelong residents or visitors from outside the region. Much of the land along the river corridors is owned by the Crown and has been reserved for public park and recreation purposes. There are also significant parcels of private holdings. Apart from the residential development on freehold title, industrial, extractive and agricultural uses adjacent to and within the study area are significant elements of the landscape. ( See Map 2 ) The study area crosses the boundaries of four local municipalities including the Shires of Bannockburn and Corio, and the Cities of Newtown and South Barwon. The Minister for Conservation and Environment is responsible for the Crown Land Reserves and has delegated responsibility for management of particular reserves to the respective Councils. The Department of Conservation and Environment liaises between the Minister and the Committees of Management. The Geelong and District Water Board is responsible for the management of the waters, beds and banks of the Barwon River. The Geelong Regional Commission is the planning authority responsible for the area. 2
COlllOIAY
IEl.MONT
..- BUCKLEY... .FALLS GEELONG REGION -- LOCAUTY MM1
~:i."° ,- ...... -. io11111~ ,....,._., ~ --- I I -- MAPI
l.Hltli#ff '"'Atdtlf-.1 tM'll# .. ..._. ,,_.,,_,,...Glti)lhl r.... _. 3
LEGEND
LAND TENURE
. D.
D.
OU1H
~UCKLEY FALLS ·.FALLS GEELONG REGION GJON
TENURE & CONTROL --__ ...... _...._ __ LA.'ID
'·... I ' .-- ·- !... PJl>f.. ···-. - •• ~ ... - ._-: : -- . /' . -- ....r.~ 4
1.1 AREA MANAGEMENT For many years the values of the study area were not recognised or satisfactorily managed, rartly reflecting the low priority accorded to its location on the western outskirts o the City of Geelong. Increasing recosnition of these values in recent years, both with greater awareness of environmental issues and with urban growth to the west and south-west has focussed attention on the opportunities the area presents in terms of recreation, natural, historic and landscape significance. While there are no statistics on visitor numbers, the use of the area has in general been relatively low compared with other areas displaying a similar range of assets. However, the lookout on the southern side of the Barwon River seems to attract a steady flow of short-term visitors, and picnickers are common at the lower carpark on the same side of the river. The main visitors to the area as a whole comprise local residents who are primarily interested in walking and jogging,. those attracted to the view of the Falls and specific groups such as picnickers, canoeists, anglers and naturalists. The main management pressures do not arise so much from the pressure of visitor numbers but from visitor activities and land uses on both Crown and private land. The challenge is to promote the area to both Geelong residents and visitors to the region while ensuring that visitor numbers do not degrade the values which are the key to the area's significance. Most major management actions to date, including essential maintenance, have been carried out by the four municipalities that border on the area. Contributions .have also been made by private enterprise, government authorities and community groups. The Shire of Bannockburn has initiated and· coordinated a large proportion of the development of the Fyansford area on the north side of the Barwon River. Shire of Bannockburn involvement in the tourism and recreation development of the area dates back to 1971 when it considered a Shire report pointing out the natural beauty of Buckley Falls, its historic significance in the early settlement of Geelong and the potential for developing the area into a major tourist and recreation facility. The report suggested that development would require careful planning, cooperation between councils, a determined effort by the citizens of Geelong and government financial backing. The plan proposed among other .things, a major historical development centred on the Barwon Paper Mill, and enhanced by weirs, stone channels, a waterfall, waterwheels and possibly a flour mill. A working committee (consisting of re:presentatives from councils, appropriate authorities and service clubs) was set up to implement the project and obtamed valuable historical and other information relating to the area.
A number of improvements were undertaken in the area, such as development of carparks, better access, tree planting and general maintenance. The working committee ceased to function, however, when it became obvious that the possibility of obtaining large government grants to purchase and develop the Barwon Paper Mill was very remote, if not impossible. The Shire of Bannockburn again proposed the development of Buckley Falls in 1983 after considering a request from the Local and Regional Committee of the Victoria 150th Anniversary Celebrations for submissions on projects. A revised approach to developing the area in conjunction with other projects already initiated along the Barwon and Moorabool valleys was presented.
- --..-. 5 6
The project was accepted as a Regional Project with development funds provided by ·an Portland Cement Co. has made a major contributio~ to the the State Government local municipalities, government authorities, the Geelon~ and J!1:el~~~;of the area with the establishment of the Peter McCann Memorial Grove District Water Board' and local industries. The local industries, which included on land owned by the company. Australian Cement Ltd and Geelong Quarries ( Readymix ), also contributed substantial assistance with earthmoving:·equipment. Further assistance was obtained · · orks undertaken by the Road Construction Authority, a~ it ~as from local residents and service clubs with the donation of land and time towards ~~ e~}~~~hls~~~~~ important Fyansford Bridge has been a significant contnbuuon developing the overall project. tow~ds the upgrading of the area. The main project planned and supervised by the Shire of Bannockburn was · nd coriimunity groups have also contributed. The Geelo~g Environment undertaken over a two year period. The project transformed the area from one of ~ervi~ll ( GEC ) was responsible for the commissionin~ of a botamcal study of t~e disused quarries and overburden heaps littered with rubbish and noxious weeds into ar~~nin 1987. The GEC's weeding, revegetation and mamtenance pr~g_rams began m the overall condition that exists today. In particular, the project included the major 1985 The GEC formed the Friends of Buckley F.alls ( F
Within its municipal area the City of South Barwon has conducted three specific weed eradication campaigns over the last twelve years together with some annual maintenance work. Although there are still substantial weed problems these would have been considerably greater had this and other Councils not made regular efforts to control weed growth. In 1983 several Councils in the region combined efforts with the Geelong and District Water Board under a Commonwealth Employment Programme ( CEP) to carry out weed control works within the Barwon River valley. This project involved the employment of twenty six people for a period of six months.
The City of South Barwon and the Geelong and District Water Board, under the CEP, constructed the two carparks on the southern side of the Barwon River, carried out a program to forge a walking track from the lower carpark along the riverbank to the bottom of the Falls and built steps leading down from the lookout area to the lower weir. The City of South Barwon's commitment to the area is also borne out by the acquisition of a large area of land adjacent to Buckley Falls Road for future public open space. The Council has also recently resumed occupation of the Quarry Reserve area on Buckley Falls Road and contributed to its fencing.
The Shire of Corio has completed a number of projects in the Fyansford township particularly in close proximity to the historic Fyansford Bridge and Balmoral Gallery. The projects have mcluded streetscape works outside the Gallery and Fyansford Hotel; tree planting, the siting of picnic facilities and provision of access on Fyansford Common; and construction of the cycle path that terminates on the north-east corner of the Common. In 1990 with funding from the Ministry for Planning and Environment's Regional Centres Area Improvement Program, further works were undertaken on Fyansford Common. The works included the upgrading of existing tracks, construction of a new shared footway and car turnarounds, and installation of vehicle barriers.
The City of Newtown's main concern within the study area has been the management and improvement of Queens Park including the golf course, sports ovals and general recreation areas and facilities. · • Revegetation works on the north bank of the Barwon River 7 8
1.2 THE MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.3 OBJECTIVES
The ~ain .PUI1?oses of this Management Plan are, at one level, to provide broad The broad objectives identified to assist in drawing up the Masterplan and to guide the strategic d1rect1ons and, at another level, to propose more detailed actions for the Management Plan are as follows: future management of Buckley FalJs Park. To conserve and regenerate the terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna of the The Plan addresses two principal aspects of management concern: the conservation of Buckley Falls environs; resour~es; and the mal!agement of community uses and visitor behaviour. Much can be a?~1eved by up~~~dmg, extending and relocating existing facilities. Other actions to protect the archaeological, historical, cultural and geomorphological sites of reqmnng new fac1h~es an~ regulations a~e ne~ded to ensure that. both .aspects of significance within the study area; mal!agement are sat1sfactonly covered. It is envisaged that these actions wdl result in a hi~her level of use throughout the area but will not encourage use beyond its . to maintain and enhance the visual qualities and identity of the study area; phystcal or recreational carrying capacity. to provide and encourage recreational and general use of the area by the The diverse character of the area, the variety of land uses and mixture of Crown and community; free~old land make managem~nt a con:iptex task. .The physical nature of the river corridors means that areas a~Jacent to it are also hsted for management action. In to provide a framework for the future management of the area; most cases these areas compnse freehold land. to provide an opportunity for public comment and consultation. The Plan has been wriW~n ~o provide broad direction to the future Committee(s) of Ma_nagement and prescr!pt10ns to those responsible for implementing management actio~s. The. Plan als~ mforms the public about future intentions for the area and what It offers m recreation terms, and affords the opportunity for public involvement. Th.e Plan sets long-term directions for the management of Buckley FaJls Park and will gmde management for at least five years after which time it will be reviewed.
The diversi.ty of t~e lan~scape c~aracter is demonstrated by the stark contrast between This view from the southern lookout captures recreational potential, historic features the 1i:nmedtate nver corndor and the hare, undulatjng, surrounding hills. (the mill race and lower weir), conservation values (aquatic and riparian vegetation), and landscape elements ( a view of regional significance ). 9 10
1.4 POLICY CONTEXT 1.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The management of Buckley Falls Park must be set in the context of ~overnment It is important to have some understanding of the main social and economic trends in policy at the state and regional level to ensure that any future plans for this stretch of the Geelong region to help establish future directions for the use of those stretches of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers are consistent with conservation, tourism the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers under examination. rec~eation and development objectives across the state and throughout the Geelong region. The Geelong Region Recreation Strategic Plan prepared by the Geelong Regional Commission ( 1984) reaches some useful conclusions in this regard. Among the most State Conservation Strategy relevant findings are the following:
!11~ three pillars of. the State Government's strategy are economic progress, social Historically the Geelong region's population has increased more rapidly than that Justice and conservation. of Victoria or Australia as a whole.
The Stat~ Conservation Strategy, Protecting the Environment ( Ministry for Planning Geelong's role as a regional centre and its proximity to Melbourne means tha~ it and Environment, 1987 ), acknowledges that there has been a deterioration in river will be expected in the years ahead to continue to meet not only the recreat10n ~ront~ges thr<;>ughout the state as a result of "grazing, clearing, cultivation, weed demands of its own population, but also some needs of the population of western 1~vas10n, erosion and removal ?f c~nstruc~ion. minerals s~~h as. sand and gravel " ( op. Melbourne and parts of western Victoria. cit., p.47 ). One of the Strategy s pnme Objectives for reVJvmg nvers and wetlands is to "pr?tect, re.store and enhance rivers, wetlands... to ensure that ecological processes, Geelong is an important tourist destination ( although it seems to have fared less well native species, and features of scientific, cultural and scenic interest are maintained than other western Victorian cities such as Ballarat and Bendigo ). It is the coastal and to provide for present and future recreational and commercial uses." · ' area rather than the urban area of Geelong which has traditionally attracted a large tourist trade from Melbourne and other parts of Victoria. Directions, the Geelong Region Development Strategy There is an increasing demand in the community for unstructured recreation At the re~
The protection <;>f the ~arwon-Moorabool River system from the pressures of urban Families, with reasonable disposable incomes and transport, are the most active encroachment, mcludmg such tasks as the establishment of a river management groups in the recreation spectrum. b
the impr<;>vement of. the. quaH~y of access to significant natural and man-made f~a~res m the ~eg1on mcl~dmg tasks such as consideration of areas for bird v1ewmg and passive recreation, ~andscape imp,rovement in are~s of high public access such as Buckley Falls, and lmkage of pubhc areas on both sides of the river. Directions also acknowledges the Barwon River as a high quality tourism and recreational feature.
Barwon River at Geelong Study
This study wa~ car.ried out in 1982 by the Centre for Environmental Studies at Me}bourne Umvers1ty for the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerao-e Trust. It outlines act1o_ns that should be. taken by various au~horities. during the next ten years to protect ~nd m;iprov.e th~ qua!1ty.
PART B: MANAGEMENT ISSUES, AIMS, CONSTRAINTS AND ACTIONS ·
Part B of this Management Plan addresses the specific management issues relating to Resource Conservation and Community and Visitor Use. The management actions proferred arose out of an analysis of the study area in terms of landscape management zones which are contained in a separate working paper entitled "Management Zones". Part B also incorporates elements, in map form, of the resource analysis carried out in the early stages of the project and reflects issues which have arisen during community consultation. It should be read in conjunction with consideration of the Masterplan which is included on the following page. The Masterplan graphically delineates all management issues which have a spatial dimension including all roads, tracks, lookouts, vegetation, recreation areas, buildings and proposed elements of the development of the area.
Sections 2 and 3 below each propose a number of specific management actions designed to meet the aims identified. Each action is assigned a relative priority to assist managers to focus on the most crucial issues. The relative priorities are explained as follows: (H) High Proposed as soon as possible. (M) Medium Proposed for action generally after high priority tasks have been completed.
(L) Lmr Less urgent but important actions.
/. . I \ '\\ 14
\ \
...... ____. -
- --1---- _.,:_ ./1 ; ~-JL _ I . ! I --1I _, ...
0 : ! : !' .•·, I ----, : ,' ! ~ I' \ \., I ...... , __ , l ··"--~.. t_ -t. ; ' r------11<11~1 I , .. ¢ ------~~---=-t----=~~- 1 ~~ ~~ I ~~~ 2. RESOURCE CONSERVATION This Section provides background to management issues, and sets out aims, constraints and actions for aspects of management relating to the conservation and protection of the natural environment, landscape character and historic values of Buckley Falls Park. Special emphasis is placed on the management of fauna, historic buildings and sites, vegetation, weeds and visual qualities. 2.1 ADJACENT LAND USES INTRODUCTION The study area is an amalgam of land uses· comprising Crown Land immediately adjacent to the two rivers, utility corridors ( eg. the SEC transmission line ), and freehold land used for industrial and commercial purposes ( eg. cement production and quarrying, hotel, art gallery, service station, antique store ), private dwellings, a children's animal farm, pastoral uses and agricultural production. Buckley Falls Park and the adjacent land forms part of the larger Barrabool Hills landscape. The GRC has committed itself to a rural cultural landscape study of the hills. The Barrabool Hills landscape has recently been recognised as a tourism precinct in the Shire of Barrabool Draft Coastal and Hinterland Tourism Strategy. AIMS To ensure that new developments adjacent to the river corridor are sensitively designed and have a minimal impact in accord with the objectives of conserving flora and fauna, protecting historic sites, providing for appropriate recreation uses and protecting and enhancing visual qualities; to encourage existing owners to manage their properties in accord with these objectives. CONSTRAINTS Much of the land surrounding the river corridor is privately owned thereby placing limitations on the extent to which any undesirable impacts can be ameliorated. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACfIONS Most of the adjoining land uses within the study area have been in place for some time and subject to a number of local and State Government regulations including pollution controls. A more recent use that has come to fruWon is the development of rural residential blocks on the north side of the Barwon River west of Upper Paper Mills Rd. Prior to subdivision, some of this land was acquired by the Shire of Bannockburn to facilitate access into the western recreation area. A children's animal farm is being developed along Lower Paper Mills Rd. 16 17 Future changes which have been flagged include the conversion of the Fyansford Quarry site to a clean fill tip, the construction of a freeway along the western boundary 2.2 EROSION CONTROL of the study area and residential housing at the top end of Buckley Falls Rd. The owners of th.e Mt Brandon and Highview properties have indicated their intention to seek a rezonmg of this land for residential subdivision. INTRODUCTION Th~ GRC is currently working on an Structure Plan for the Montpellier/Wandana The control, or preferably the prevention, of soil erosion is an important manag~m~nt Heights area which will make rezoning recommendations. responsibility which has. impli~tions for the ID:aintenan~ of veg~t~tion a~d wildlife habitat and the protecuon of nver water quality and visual quaht1es. Sod loss can result from both poor management practices and inappropriate levels of visitor use. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Erosion is largely a function of slope steepness and soil types. The most erodible soils Aim to _limit the ext~nt of building development on the Mt Brandon and Highview in the study area ( see Map 3 ) are the alluvium deposits in the east, around. the properties and on private land to the north~west and west of the western recreation junction of the two rivers and upstream along the Moorabool, and the alluvmm, a~ea to the .areas indic.at~d on the Masterplan ( see page 14 ) in order to protect the sandstone and mudstone in the west beyond Mt Brandon. In the east these erodible visual guality and ex1stmg landscape character of the river corridor, to protect soils are associated with flat land; the western alluvium deposits are also on low-lying recreat10n uses, conserve flora and fauna and water quality provide public access land. The mudstone and sandstone, however, are associated with the slopes of the along th~ riverside and fadli.tate the investigation of archae~logical sites. (H) (See Barrabool Hills. While eroded slopes are not visible on the hills within the Park, they Appendix 1 for an explanat10n of the "Areas Free of Development and for Low are evident outside the area. Density and Medium Density Development".) ' Erosion is a problem along some unsurfaced roads and vehicle access tracks, in It should be noted that the extent of future development in the case of the Mt carparks, and along some walking tracks. Riverbank stability could be marginally B~andon a!1d Highvie~ properties will be subject to future rezoning procedures as affected by various recreation activities including fishing and canoeing, and by some la~d down m the Planmng and Environment Act. On the north side of the Barwon land use practices that allow ponies and cattle access to the river's edge. River future development will be subject to allowance of reasonable subdivision and development capacity in accordance with the existing Rural Residential zoninc.r 0 on the land west of the western recreation area. AIMS ~~view the .appropri'1:teness of existing planning controls· to address the design and To minimize, and where possible to prevent, soil erosion; s1tmg of bml.dmgs adjacent to t~e river corridors. Consider an overlay control to protect the visual values of the nver valleys. (H) to rehabilitate eroded sites including carparks, and vehicular and pedestrian access tracks using indigenous species wherever practicable; Establish a vegetative bu~fer between the propos~d housing development along Buckley Falls Rd and the nver corridor. (H) to design and construct new carparks and access tracks to minimize the erosion hazard; Enforce the visual guidelines set out in Section 2.9 of this Plan with respect to all new developments along the river corridor. (H) to control any riverbank erosion caused by cattle, ponies and other grazing animals; Establish vegetative buffers along the proposed freeway, if it proceeds (L), and around the Quarry Reserve (M), industrial buildings on Degoldis Rd (H) and along to provide canoe entry and exit points; the SEC transmission line to the west (L). to facilitate riverside access by fishermen; and to increase community awareness concerning the benefits of erosion control and prevention. CONSTRAINT Erosion on private land requires action by landowners. 18 PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Tree and shrub planting along the rivers has helped to stabilise the riverbanks. Access tracks and carparks have been designed and constructed in the past with a view to minimizing soil erosion, however, constant use over an extended period has led to the need for improvements. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Undertake some rehabilitation works on the two carparks on the south side of the Barwon River and on the carpark in the western recreation area. (H) Carry out erosion control measures on; the access track on the north side of the river in the western recreation area. (H) Close off J?edestrian access tracks on the north side of the river to vehicles by erecting smtable bollards. (H) Construct new canoe entry/exit points in the race adjacent to the lower weir (after obtaining a permit from the Historic Buildings Council ), adjacent to the lower carpark and on the Moorabool River near the eastern vehicle access on Fyansford Common. (M). Approval for construction of all new canoe ramps should be sought from the Geelong and District Water Board. Ensure good, but controlled, access along stable paths to the rivers by fishermen. (H) Establish a vegetative buffer between areas for grazing and the river. Fence off the river bank to allow natural regeneration and provide stock access at prescribed watering points. Terminate grazing licences where necessary. (H) Incorporate information concerning erosion control in any general interpretive displays or brochures. (L) Establish methods for monitoring eroded areas, walking and vehicle tracks; develop priorities to rehabilitate as necessary. (L) \. ; -- J '.: ·~ -.I---,,...;;,~ I ·. ·~ 19 '~ · .I? ~ ~··••Ill . ... ~ ~ . '-' ·L ...... / · ------~-- .. .. . \-...., ...... - ---:..._'°-· : -..____: . ·'_::-: ); ; ... t ..: """·1····::· -· i.. ~ .• .; .:.-- .• . . ' 1 . f: . Access ; '!... ..J I· view to .. ~ LEGEND <' ' .; :d to the '~~~·~ ·-·".•...: .. VEGETATION ;---1 ...... I' I ffANSIO~.J ' .. ~---J ·. ·~. e of the A of the ,,...... " B ides by , ,, - ·' ,,,.,.,, ( . . · (after \ fNPlli~ ~l'AG!:V.N l/t4tT"ATIO~ ! lower ' II *2 f'\Al-lftU~ t;'f fc '---·- :- -">-,~ AU,INl\JM·~ B ~~ • :S' --·--- •t."" .... ~.") , ~: BUCKLEY- FALLS ....~::::.··. ... .,; ~.:": ~· --..:::- .-.¥· ...... _ . :,.--...-:' ·(, .... o. -_,. . .,..,. \, . · ...1 ----.___ - ---·- .·. • ••.•J GEELONG REGION .i· ·· .... ;·... .. _.H, •., ·- D ..,,,. - --. ~ . ... l VEGETATION & SOILS ; · .. I_ _, ' \ ~ ~-) ( ~ _,/ v: . - '" ...... : ~ t'.(,2S~ ·i""'ro•RTHEl.l - --. l0/11/9~ -P.DAAlNQl ...... ·- '"'· .- --·----···- -1 I ~--· --·- MAP 3 ..., / 1.11t11ap1 "" Mlt1tuta11t S1Niu1 (•) Cfl"M""'"W_•_&,,,,_ ' "t 2.3 FAUNA ... INTRODUCTION Little, if any, systematic faunal data exists for Buckley Falls Park. There is, however, a considerable amount of anecdotal material available which forms the basis for the management actions proposed in this Management Plan. The quality of fauna habitat depends on the degree of disturbance to breeding, feeding and refuge areas, invasion by pest plants, competition from pest animals and habitat destruction due to recreationaf pressures. Most of these issues are addressed in other sections of this Plan. There are a range of habitat groups throughout the study area which are important to different species. The main groups are described below: In-stream riparian habitat. These areas contain the normal stream flows including open water, submerged and exposed basalt boulders and the vegetation growing in the water, amongst the broken basalt, or on temporary or permanent islands. The vegetation includes the sedges, aquatic grasses, reeds, teatree, bottlebrush and gums. Bank riparian habitat. These areas are regularly inundated and have exposed clay banks. The vegetation is dominated by River Red Gums with an under-storey of teatree, bottlebrush, tussock grass, reeds and allied plant species. Rank undergrowth habitat. Often dominated by weeds it also includes native tussock grasses, shrubs and woody plants. Non-indigenous tree habitat. Gums, pines, cypresses, peppercorns and various deciduous trees represent earlier plantings and self-colonisation by these species. Rock bank and talus habitat. These areas include the sparsely-vegetated rocky slopes particularly on the south side of the river. Hollow tree habitat. Hollow trees exist throughout the area and often include rotten willow trunks as well as spouts and holes in gums. Queens Park. The habitat of the Park includes the semi-formal plantings of exotic trees, remnant River Red Gums, roughly-mown grass and sporting fields and golf holes. Adjacent grassland habitat. These consist mainly of pasture grasses but also some indigenous grasses. Residential areas. The habitat provided by the gardens of nearby residential areas contains a wide variety of trees and shrubs many of which are a food source for nectar-feeding birds. The main faunal species in the Buckley Falls area include: Birds. In excess of 100 species of hirds are recorded. These can be broadly grouped into resident, migratory, nomadic, transient and accidental species. The species which are considered significant on a regional hasis include Rufous Night Heron, Pacific Black Duck, Dusky Moorhen, Gang-gang Cockatoo, Eastern 21 22 R?sel~a, Southern Boobook, T3:wny Frogmouth, Laughing Kookaburra, Sacred Activities further upstream outside the Park, such as the drainage of the Corangamite Kingfisher, Eastern Yellow Robm, Crested Shrike-tit, Clamorous Reed-Warbler and Colac Lakes, could have profound effects on the aquatic ecology of the area. Superb Fairy-wren, White-browed Scrub-wren, Silvereye, Red-browed Firetail: Dusky Woodswallow and Grey Butcherbird. For more information on these species see Appendix 2. · PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Mammals. It seems unlikely that any small terrestrial species retain populations in Few if any management actions have been put in place with regard to the ~auna of the ~rea but no adequate research has been undertaken to verify this. Indigenous the ~rea. ·Past and present weed eradication progr~s carried out by lo~al shires a.pd species known to occur in the area include Platypus ( possibly no lonaer present ) community groups will in the long term lead to the improvement of habitat for native nomadic ~oalas, ~rush-tailed Poss1;1m, Ring-tailed Possum, Bats and Water Rat: fauna. For more mformat1on on these species see Appendix 2. Reptiles. Species of interest include Cunningham's Skink, Water Skink, Southern PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Blue-tongue. and Long-necked Tortoise,. Human pressures, including collecting over.a long time. span, have caused some decline in the populations of the first three Improve in·stream water quality by minimizing the level of contamin.ants ente~ing species. The Tiger .Snake, 3:nd possibly· the Copperhead, remain in considerable the rivers. Critical species in this regard include Platypus, Australtan Grayling, numbers. For more mformat1on on these and other species see Appendix 2. Tupong and River Blackfish. (H) Amphibian~. This is the least known faunal group and little information is available Maintain rock banks and talus because of their importance to reptiles. (H) ~m the species that occur throughout the area. Species which are probably present mclude Green and Gold Bell Frog, Eastern Banjo Frog and Brown Tree-frog. Retain hollow trees which are essential for a range of birds and animals. Nest boxes may also be considered in discreet positions provided they can be managed to Fishes. The ra~ge of fishes. includes Short-headed Lamprey, Short-finned Eel, remove bees and starlings. (H) Common Galaxias, Australian Smelt. Australian Grayling, Small-mouthed Hardyhead, Southern Pygmy Perch, River Blackfish, Tupong, Flat-headed Maintain the exotic plantings in Queens Park not only for their cultural value but Gud&eon, Brown Trout, European Carp, Golden Carp, Tench, Mosquito-fish and also their habitat value for a range of bird species. (H) Redfm Perch. Retain adjacent grasslands as they may contain some remnant populations of Fat tailed Dunnart as well as reptiles. (H) AIMS Encourage research and surveys into the status, . distribution and . :colog~cal ~o I?r.otect and. conserve native fauna with particular emphasis on species of special requirements of native fauna, including the use of fire to create spec1f1c habitat sigruflcance or importance; requirements. (H) to. protect, and .where app~opria!e, enhance t~~ e~tent and diversity of habitat Minimise habitat destruction in all management activities, particularly track smtable for .native fa';lna, mcludmg. the rehab1hta!1on of degraded habitat and, construction and fire protection works. (H) whe:e practicable, remtroduce nattve fauna species that have disappeared or declmed; Investigate the need to install fish ladders at the lower weir for migratory fishes in the Barwon River. (M) to eradicate pest animals and pest plants ( See Sections 2.6 and 2.10 respectively ); Give consideration to the maintenance of exposed, under-cut clay hanks and to ensure that recreation activities and facilities do· not threaten native fauna· accumulations of silt and vegetative debris for habitat purposes. (M) ' to increas.e commu~ity awareness regarding methods and strategies essential for the Exercise care in the removal of weeds in rank undergrowth habitat because it is ~onservat&on of native fauna and to encourage their conservation on freehold land important for a suite of small birds. (M) m the area; Encourage nearby residents to grow both indigenous and other native Australian to e:ncourage further research into the status, distribution and ecoloaical plants which will encourage bird species. (M) reqmrements of native fauna, with emphasis on species of identified significanc~. Devise a community education program regarding methods and strategies essential for the conservation of native fauna. (M) CONSTRAINTS Vehicle, pedest~ian an9 b~c.ycle acc~ss and other recreation activities in the study area have the potentral to s1gmf1cantly disturb fauna habitat if not sensitively designed and managed. 23 24 T~)ourage enhancement of fauna habitat on private land adjacent to the study area. 2.4 FIRE . Monitor the impact of visitor use:on fauna. (M) INTRODUCTION Fire management involves both protection of the study area and surrounding land from damage by fire, and the use of fire to alter or maintain vegetation types or to provide habitat for particular species. There is no recent history of fires in the study area. AIMS To protect life, property and other assets including revegetated areas, both within the river corridors and in adjoining residential areas, from wildfire; to protect recreation facilities, historic features and adjoining land from wildfire; to reduce the incidence of, and to control, all wildfires; to ensure that the fire requirements of vegetation communities, rare or threatened plants and animals are met. CONSTRAINTS The main threats posing fire risks include tourist and picnickers' behaviour; Jack of ..... awareness of fire danger by travellers and holiday-makers; establishment of subdivisions adjacent to rural areas; apathy of residents in regard to hazard removal and protection of home and property; rubbish tips; small acreages without proper protective measures; the river valley and steep terrain which restrict access; and hazardous cargoes transported to, and through, the municipal area. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Three of the four Shires bordering on the study area have Fire Prevention Plans in place. Existing Fire Prevention Plans outline fire prevention measures such as slashed buffer zones, strategic or tactical firebreaks, fire access roads, water supply points, fire hazard removal programs, fire hazard rating maps, and safe and protected areas. .. A trial burn of a stand of Genista ( Broom ) on the south side of the Barwon River by ,,,.- the Friends of Buckley Falls last year was less successful than physical removal by cutting and painting with herbicide. A cool burn of Themeda ( Kangaroo Grass ) was " - ., ... .., ..... · successful in regenerating the indigenous grasses. ·~ . ... . ail..... ,,._'"'\., .._.'· '' PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS A Rufous Night Heron. Three or four pairs of these birds live in the vicinity of the Individual shires to retain responsibility for fire prevention in those parts of the Falls. study area which fall within their municipal boundaries, observing, as far as practicable, the objectives of flora and fauna conservation, historic site protection, and landscape and recreation enpancement. (H) 25 26 2.5 HISTORIC VALUES Develop a plan to satisfy visitor safety requirements. (H) Take. into account the visual ~mpact of fire protection works and any prescribed INTRODUCTION burrung. (H) The historic values of Buckley Falls Park are very important and have a major visual Ban campfires and other open fires in Buckley Falls Park. (H) influence on the landscape ( See Map 4 ). These historic values are an amalgam of Aboriginal and European influences. The first permanent settlement of the area was Provide coin-operated equipment where barbecues are specified. (M) by Aborigines called the Wodouros who were one of the groups of the Wathaurung people. The Wodouros lived and hunted along the Barwon River, the environs of !ncrease. community awareness about fire dangers and fire regulations through which provided shelter from bad weather. The confluence of the Barwon and mformation leaflets and boards. (M) Moorabool Rivers provided a plentiful supply of food. Encourage adjoining landholders to ·reduce fire hazards on their properties. (M) Although no Aboriginal sites were located by a recent VAS survey of the area (largely I owing to poor ground surface visibility ), evidence of Aboriginal pccupation of the Use fi~e for ecological managem~nt as required ( see Sections 2.3 and 2.8 Barwon River in general is abundant and there is no reason to doubt that respect.J.vely on Fauna and Vegetation). (M) archaeological sites will eventually be located within the area. Monitor the impact of fire management practices. (M) Strictly speaking, the first white habitation of the Buckley Falls area was by William Buckley, an escaped convict who lived with the Aborigines for thirty-two years in the early 1800s and after whom the Falls are named. Buckley is reputed to have lived in a cave in the area, however, its exact location has not been identified. The first white settlement of the area was at Fyansford which grew up around the bridge over the Moorabool River. While the town of Fyansford was proclaimed in 1861, a map of the township dated June 1854 shows it marked out in lots for sale. One of the main reasons for the early settlement of the area was the fact that the river above Buckley Falls was the nearest source of fresh water until Captain Fyans had the breakwater downstream of Geelong built. The other attractions for the early development of the study area were the supplies of bluestone which were quarried and the water power of the Barwon River which was harnessed. The two main enterprises to be established on the banks of the Barwon River were the Barrabool Flour Mill built on the south bank in the 1850s and supplied with water by a race along the southern riverbank; and the Barwon Paper Mill constructed just downstream from the Falls in the 1870s and supplied with water by a race along the northern riverbank. While the surviving buildings of the Barwon Paper Mill, the mill cottages and the races and weir upstream are a testament to early industrial activities on the river, there are no obvious remains of the Barrabool Flour Mill and the cottage associated with it. The original character of the landscape of the area is difficult to discern from the present day vegetation. Photographs taken in the 1860s, from the La Trobe Collection State Library of Victoria, show many large dead River Red Gums downstream from the Falls and near Queens Park Bridge. Reference to early writings indicates that while the riverbanks had many River Red Gums, wattles, bottlebrushes and other ir_idigenous species, the country nearby was timbered with sheoaks, wattles and gums similar to remnant patches of vegetation near Geelong today. This timber would have been removed hy the early white settlers for fuel and in clearing the land for pastoral use. The other main historic landscape element in the study area is the remains of the Queens Park Botanical Gardens which were set aside in 1857 and now form the basis for the Queens Park Golf Course. A trial burn of weeds on the south side of the Barwon River 27 While individually the above features and other sites have historic significance, as a group they draw together important historic themes. The area's historic significance stems from: the evidence of the utilisation and competition for water power in 19th century industry. This notion draws together the weir, water races, paper mill and flour mill; . the evidence of mid-19th century industrial enterprise including the weir, water races, mills and cottages; the evidence of early settlement and development of Fyansford which was an important transport link between Geelong and the Western District. This evidence includes the Old Fyansford Bridge, the Swan Inn, the former Balmoral Hotel, the Fyansford Hotel and the site of Captain Fyan's house; I evidence of the history of landscape change over a period of 130 years. Excellent early and subsequent photographs record the landscape history and provide a valuable opportunity to interpret the change following European settlement. AIMS . To protect all significant historic and cultural resources by ensunng that management and visitor activities do not adversely impinge on them; to conserve, and where possible enhance through restoration, all historic and cultural values consistent with the principles of the Burra Charter; to increase public awareness of these values through appropriate interpretation facilities; to encourage further investigation into the history and culture of the Buckley Falls area. CONSTRAINTS Apart from financial constraints which affect all management actions, there are a couple of constraints on the management of historic and cultural sites: Most of the buildings and sites are on freehold land; there has been a lack of research and comprehensive archaeological survey work carried out in the area to determine whether there are any Aboriginal sites of significance. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Given that most historic sites or buildings are on freehold land, one of the main mana~ement actions has been to e nsure that they are included on any registers of historic buildings. Existing listings are shown in Table 1 below. ~~1.11' ,.,A~f'«f'C ~1" i ! ! 28 nee, as a nificance LEGEND century flour RECREATION md • • j!f• FACILITIES &: USES . t. . JI· 0 ANTIQl.lf ~ tr, water • •• • 'i A ·~ 4/.U.U..'( •• •• e»iQf, 1.AllltCMIN4 • • • . ' ,· ~ . f> '. . &><:!> fl~IN QJ((~S * * PARIC .(~·4~~ ·~t-·<1A~' lg that ACCESS ric and mm 5~1.U' ~ ~"'-"'~'!W.Ot> --= t=1 Cl'iL"l')l ~""' .-.. ~ 4~~~ ·eration • • •• TllA•L.- 0 0 0 0 IWC:.'1'1! ~.A:N flV ~y Falls ,...... _...... ~A>.11'!i:JP«t- 0- ~"T(.wAY >S:£:A. are a ------7 L______I .' l I ,-----.!'!...G!l£'rr __ _ 1 work I I ------I I I - I ites of I I BUCKLEY FALLS I I .... ' J I I I I I I I I GEELONG REGION ! I I I -'"·' I ' I : ACCESS, RECllEATION & ------··..·----·---···------'------HISTORIC F£ATURES main ,' ,' \ j : ers of I I ~ ~02SO !""°P.oAATMat " ' ' lO/llft~-.. o.un> TABLE 1: HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS HBR GBR NE NT GRC Shire of Bannockburn 1. Barwon Paper Mill, Cottage.s, Water Race, * * * * Fyansford 2. Button Hill and Quarry 3. Paper Mill Engineers House, Upper Paper Mills Rd 4. Quarries along Mill Race 5. Former Swan Hotel, Hyland St, * * * * Fyansford 6. Old Fyansford Bridge, * * * * Hyland St over Moorabool River, Fyansford Shire of Corio 7. Former Balmoral Hotel, * Hyland St, Fyansford 8. Fyansford Hotel, Hyland St, Fyansford 9. Australian Cement Ltd, Fyansford Plant City of Newton City of South Barwon 10. Barrabool Flour Mill Site and Water Race Nomin ated 11. Pump Base 12. Baums Weir HBR HL'itoric Buildings Register GBR Government Buildings Register NE National Estate Register NT National Trust Register GRC Geelong Regional Commission Register 30 31 Registers provide some recognition of a building or site's significance. Some sites are included on the list but are not on any of the registers. In some cases this may be because they are not sufficiently important or just that they have not been examined yet. All buildings listed are, however, at least locally significant and important historic features in the study area. Sites on the Historic Buildings Register ( HBR ) and the Government Buildings Register ( GBR ) come under the jurisdiction of the Historic Buildings Act. Any works, alterations, additions, demolition or development of these sites require a permit from the Historic Buildings Council (HBC) or approval of the relevant Minister. Sites on the Geelong Regional Commission's Register are scheduled in the Geelong Regional Planning Scheme and any works require planning approval. The National Estate Register places· statutory obligations on Commonwealth Government Departments and Ministers but not State Government, local government or private owners. Together with the National Trust Register, however, it is an important recognition of significance. The following addresses the main historic buildings and sites in the study area, their origins and development, and the current management practices to which they are subject. k .. Banvon Paper Mill, Cottages and Water Race ~r~ ~· tfe The Barwon Paper Mill was erected by Andrew Miller in 1876 and commenced ~ ~x~~:~ business in 1878. The architect was probably Joseph Watts, the known designer of the < i, if_~~ ..~ ~:__. manager's house and adjacent cottage row. Locally quarried hluestone was the ~ ·~ predominant building material. Water from an upstream weir was diverted along a bluestone race to power the mill's waterwheel. The mill closed in 1923 and was used as coolstores and for the manufacture of ice. During World War Two the mill was used as a mine depot by the Royal Australian Navy. Later still the buildings were used for a fibreglass works and a box factory. The Banvon Paper Mill and water race are listed on the Historic Buildings Register, the National Estate Register, the National Trust Register and the Geelong Regional Commission Register. The mill cottages are on all but the GRC Register. The Barwon Paper Mill is clearly one of the most important hi.stork features in the • • area. Its present use as an industrial complex, with a dozen or so tenants operating small businesses from sail making to furniture stripping and motor repairs, is an appropriate use l?rovided the buildings are adequately maintained. Now that the site is on the Histonc Buildings Register, a mechanism for monitoring and controlling change is in place and the owner is eligible to apply for financial assistance for repair works. The mi11 cottages, also erected at the end of the 1870s, are each individually owned. The present situation of different fence styles, colour schemes and alterations to the buildings greatly reduces the integrity of the terrace.as a whole. The mill race has undergone considerable restoration work s.ince 1983 under a proposal submitted hy the Shire of Bannockburn for Victoria's 150th Anniversary Celebrations. The proposal, which was accepted as a regional project, included the rehabilitation of the northern bank of the river including the major repair and re establishment of the mill race which had fallen into a state of disrepair. Pedestrian bridges over the race were also constructed. 32 33 Button Hill This site, where women sat removin~ buttons from old rags collected for making paper, is located on freehold land anq is not accessible to the public. No management actions have been undertaken. ' Paper Mill Engineers House This is an early twentieth century house which is also located on freehold land. .Quarries along Mill Race Of the original three quarries to the north of the mill race, only two remain. Past efforts have been made to facilitate public'eccess into the open quarry adjacent to the lookout with the provision of rudimentary radlities. Planting has been carried out on the sides of the quarry. Vandalism is an on-going problem resulting in the destruction of plants, graffiti on the. rock faces and the dumping of rubbish. The western quarry has also benefitted from some recent planting. The dumping of rubbish is also a problem in this quarry. Australian Cement Ltd, Fyansford Plant The Fyansford Plant of Australian Cement Ltd was founded in 1890 by Peter Mccann, a Geelong stonemason, together with a number of Geelong and Melbourne masterbuilders. McCann was keen to make use of the shale deposits at Fyansford in the cement manufacturing process. Initial production was set at 300 tons per week. The company has now achieved over 100 years of operation by keeping up with technological progress. Much of the history of the Fyansford plant is displayed in its museum located in the old McCurdys Road bluestone orphanage built in 1855. The museum, staffed by voluntary helpers mostly retired from the Fyansford plant, houses a collection of photographs, machinery and tools, fossils and other curios as well as odds and ends of historic significance from the works. A history of the past 100 years of the manufacture of Portland Cement in Victoria, particularly at the Fyansford plant of Australian Cement Ltd is contained in a publication "A Journey to Destiny 1890#1990" by John McNeil!. Former Swan Hotel The former Fyanstown Inn, later referred to as the Swan HoteJ; was erected in 1842 to the northwest of the Old Fyansford Bridge and opened in January 1843. It is one of the oldest extant buildings in Victoria. This building is now a private residence on freehold land. It is listed on the Historic Buildings Re~ister, the National Estate Register, the National Trust Register and the Geelong Regional Commission Register. Old Fyansford Bridge The Old Fyansford Bridge, erected in 1899 and opened for traffic in February 1900, is the first bridge in Victoria to be completed using the new reinforced concrete technique developed in Europe and known as the "Monier" principle. As a result it is of paramount importance to the history of technology in Australia. This bridge replaced an old wooden bridge opened in 1854. At the end of the wooden bridge was 35 34 the toll gate house and diagonally opposite it was the Toll Gate Hotel. Neither of the latter two structures remains. The Old Fyansford Bridge was closeq to traffic when the highway was realigned at Fyansford in 1969. Given that the' reinforced concrete arches were assessed as structurally sound, repair work and restoration by the then RCA has been kept to a minimum. This has allowed the integrity of the structure to be retained and allowed archaeological details to be preserved. This very important early concrete bridge is listed on the Government Buildings Register, the National Estate Register, the National Trust Register and the Geelong Regional Commission Register. Former Balmoral Hotel 1 Together with the Old Fyansford Bridge, the Fyansford Hotel and the former Swan Hotel, the former Balmoral Hotel, built in 1854, should be considered as part of a significant group of buildings which illustrate the early settlement and development of a site which was an important transport link between Geelong and the Western District. This building also housed the first post office in Fyansford. The former hotel is on the National Trust Register. The hotel, which is now known and functions as the Balmoral Gallery, has undergone extensive renovations in recent years. Fyansford Hotel This is also a very early building ( 1854 ) standing on freehold land. Barrabool Flour Mill, Water Race and Cottage The mill, built in 1849 on the south bank of the Barwon River, was a substantial five storey rectangular building constructed of locally quarried bluestone with a corrugated roof. The mill machinery was driven by an undershot waterwheel with water being supplied along a bluestone-lined raceway for a distance of about 244 metres from the Ba1won River where a stone weir had been constructed. The mill functioned for grinding wheat grown on the nearby Barrabool Hills to produce flour and coarser products. Competition for water from the Barwon Paper Mill after 1875 seems to have reduced the prospects for the flour mill and brought it to a standstill. In 1888 the mill was sold and converted into a starch factory but this use was eventually discontinued. The mill was later converted to a jam factory on a modest scale. Gradually the mill fell into disuse and by 1938 little of the mill remained. The site of the mill is now completely devoid of any visible surface remains of any buildings or structures. The exact location of the mill has not been identified. All that remains of the 1849 installation are the weir and the stone outer wall of the race. The masonry in these structures is generally in an excellent condition although the shallow concrete capping on the wall has cracked in places and been removed. The only visible evidence of the cottage associated with the mill, and located near the weir, are some exotic trees. Pump Rase This feature, adjacent to the lower weir, is evidence of earlier structures and functions of the river. No management strategies have been set in place or undertaken. 36 37 Lower Weir This weir adjacent to the Barwon Paper Mill was constructed in 1927. The weir affords pedestrian access across the river when waterflow is low. The Shire of Bannoc:Kburn has undertaken major repair and reestablishment of the lower weir since 1983. BaumsWeir The origins of the weir ( also mentioned in association with the Barrabool Flour Mill ) are believed to date from the 1840s making it early evidence of European modification of the natural landscape. Queens Park Botanical Gardens Queens Park was reserved as a public park by the Government in 1850. Seven years later it was formally set aside for botanical gardens. The planting of trees and shrubs was begun with the assistance of Dr Ferdinand von Mueller in the 1860s. A nine hole golf course was established in the park in 1936. During the following years general improvements were made throughout the Park including the Stinton Oval, swimming and playground facilities, classrooms, a small kiosk and extension of the golf course to eighteen holes. The Park was incorporated into the City of Newtown in 1960. A manager/caretaker's residence was built in 1965 and two years later the Queens Park Pavilion was constructed comprising a manager's office, restaurant, kiosk, changerooms and clubroom. Further improvements have included picnic shelters, extension of a reticulated water system throughout the Park and the Queens Park Sporting Complex. On-going works and maintenance of the Park are coordinated by a Parks and Gardens Officer from the City of Newtown. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS General Encourage further research on and documentation ( both written and photographic) of the historic sites of the study area through investigation of historic photographs, historic maps or plans, primary sources and archaeological surveys. This type of research would be particularly useful in locating and assessing the significance of Aboriginal and historic archaeological sites eg. the exact location of the Barrabool Flour Mill. It would also increase current understanding of the area's landscape history and of historic perceptions of the landscape. (H) Adopt an integrated approach to the management of the historic industrial sites. (H) Protect fragile sites, eg. the Barrabool Flour Mill site, by limiting public access. (H) ?upport the controls and incentiVes offered by the statutory registers as they apply tn the study area. (H) f?evelop interf retive materials and services detailing the origins, development and significance o Aboriginal and historic sites. Develop an interpretation plan based Barrabool Flour Mill upstream from Lower Weir on Barwon River ( 1903 ), on historic themes, incorporating brochures, on-site interpretation, information La Trobe Collection - State Library of Victoria boards and displays for the proposed interpretation facility. (M) 1 l 38 l 39 I .l l I ' ~. 1 ·~ I, i eo:$ ~ ·i:: ....0 l .....u " >...... 0 ~ ...... 0 '.{ .....:i 0 s -eo:$ ~-~ Cl) ·~ - ·rI ~ \ ~ c:: ·; 0 Q::; ·;:i "'i;r:: u -~1 v -0 ~ - l ...... ,..... u "! Baums Weir with remains of race to Barrabool Flour Mill on southern riverbank on ,._,. 0 .~ ..0 far right .:;:.;~ 0.... ~ ~ .....:i ~ ~ ~ \0 \C) ·~~ 00 .~'l ~ _.. t.°""~ - -~· ::~:l <:<: ii) i... ~:.~ ell z.... € ·"""""'" ~....;) ...... ::s l~·:: • "" ~- ~ 0 .I...... : :. .•. , .... VJ ·~$'1 'E r·1~'. , ~.. ~ ~ ..."' I ~ ".~ g ;. .. a gl'l3 Vicinity of Barrabool Flour Mill on southern bank of Barwon River 41 40 The following strategies relate to specific historic buildings or sites: Barwon Paper Mill, Cottages and Water Race Maintain the designation of the Mill and cottages as Areas of Interest or Landscape Value under the Geelong Regional Planning Scheme. (H) Assign a priority to the protection and maintenance. of the water race on the northern riverbank. Any works or alterations to the race or beside it require an Historic Buildings Council permit. (H) Interpret the mill race on-site (H) and provide interpretation of the Mill and Cottages as part of an Historic Walk as proposed by the Shire of Bannockburn. (H) In the long term encourage a viable economic usd for the Paper Mill that will ensure the integrity and maintenance of the buildings, will allow some public access and will be of benefit to the economy of Geelong. (M) Develop a policy for the uniform restoration of the Mill Cottages, in consultation with the owners, the Shire of Bannockburn, the Geelong Regional Commission and the Historic Buildings Council. The latter organisation may wish to take the lead role in developing a policy which may also include strategies for obtaining financial Paper Mill Race on northern bank of Barwon River assistance. (M) Button Hill . Given that this site is a significant part of the Paper Mill's industrial and social history, its precise location should be determined and recorded. (L) Paper Mill Engineer's House . Assess and document the historic significance of this house. (M) Quarries Along Mill Race . As significant features relevant to the mill complex these quarnes should be interpreted on-site. They should not he filled in. (H) Australian Cement Ltd, Fyansford Plant Support work of the founders of the museum associated with the cement plant. (H) Integrate the history of the cement plant with other significant historical industrial developments in the area. (H) Former Swan Hotel . Provide some interpretation of this building as part of the early settlement around the Old Fyansford Bridge. (H) Old Fyansford Bridge Provide on-site interpretation of this bridge. (H) Ensure that any development proposals are sensitive to the pedestrian approaches Paper Mill Cottages in Lower Paper Mills Road to the bridge and views to it. (H) 42 43 2.6 PEST ANIMALS AND DOMESTIC PETS Former Balmoral Hotel . Provide on-site interpretation. (H) INTRODUCTION Fyansford Hotel The presence in Buckley· Falls Park of pest animals, such as rabbits and foxes and domestic pets, such as cats and dogs, has been observed. At the present time no~e of . Provide on-site interpretation. (H) these anima1s is seen as constituting a serious threat to the ecology of the area. If left unchecked, however, pest anima1 numbers could increase considerably as could the Barrabool Flour Mill, Water Race and Cottage num~ers of domestic pets as urbanisation continues to grow adjacent to the river corndor. Determine the original location of the mill and cottage buildings and race by historical research and archaeological investigation. (H) Foxes! although i;iot a significant pest animal at Buckley Falls, threaten small mammal • and bird populations throughout the area. Rabbits, a more common species within the Protect the sites from any possible damage from d~sturbance of the ground surface river c~rridor ~don the adjo!ning farmland, can c~use significant damage to native in the form of tree planting or visitor access. (H) l vegetation. All mtroduced animals have the potential to harbour and spread disease among native fauna species. In the medium term protect and stabilize the.remaining section of the water race on the southern riverbank. Ultimately the race has the potential to be restored. (M) AIMS Provide on-site interpretation of all sites and remaining structures. (M) To eradicate pest animals and control domestic pets; Pump Base to cooperate with adjoining landowners and Shire Councils in the control of pest . Provide on-site interpretation. (M) animals and domestic pets; BaumsWeir to use cost-effective methods which do not threaten non-target species. . Provide on-site interpretation. (M) CONSTRAINT Queens Park Golf Course (Former Queens Park Botanical Gardens ) The m~in constraint on t~e contr 2.7 STORMWATER Prohibit dogs and other domestic pets from the river corridor except for dogs leashed and under the control of owners. (H) INTRODUCTION Introduce regulations permitting the impoundment of unrestrained domestic pets along the river corridor. (H) The treatment of stormwater runoff is an important management issue which has implications for river water quality, erosion control, scenic or visual qu~lity, Encourage visitors and owners of domestic pets living near the area to unders!and recreational amenity, and the maintenance of natural features, particularly vegetat10n. the effects of pets on the area; publicize regulations concerning unrestramed domestic pets; and prosecute offenders. (H) The water q_uality of the Barwon River is a sensitive issue given the rising salinity levels. This 1s a major issue dealt with outside the confines of this Plan. The pH and . Control domestic pets using the following techniques (M): salinity levels, however, will be further increased if stormwater runoff is not managed satisfactorily. - Dogs: impoundment and treadle snare. Present storm.water runoff problems are evidenced by eroded areas in some carparks - Cats: cage trapping and treadle snare. and boggy sections alon~ walking tracks on the south side of the river. Thesefroblems detract from the recreational amenity of the area both visually and in terms o access. Prohibit horseriding along the riverside tracks. (M) Establish procedures to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of programs to AIM eradicate pest animals and control domestic pets by assessing population changes of native fauna under threat. (M) To ensure that the stormwater drainage system meets the objectives of collection, transport and disposal of rainfall runoff with minimal impact on the ecological, recreation and visual qualities of Buckley Falls Park. CONSTRAINTS Large areas of residential development, present and proposed, on the south side of the Barwon River, combined with the relattvely steep slopes of the river valley have the potential to severely exacerbate the negative effects of stormwater runoff. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Past problems associated with residential stormwater runoff on the northern side of the nver have been limited to the Lower Paper Mills Road/ Carrolls Road area. The flat terrain behind the Paper Mill cottages floods if the culvert under CarroJls Road and the downstream drain are not kept clear. Stormwater from the Fyansford township enters the Moorabool River close to the Lower Paper Mills Road/ Hamilton Highway intersection via a large culvert under Lower Paper Mills Road. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Encourage schemes to reduce the overall volume of stormwater discharges within the catchment eg. by limiting large areas of impervious pavements. (H) Reduce levels of contamination of stormwater in accordance with the policy statements contained in the State Environment Protection Policy. (H) Minimise the potential for the contamination of stormwater runoff by the provision of reticulated sewerage to all existing and new residential development along the river corridor. (H) 46 47 Encourage land-based absorption methods for stormwater disposal eg. retarding 2.8 VEGETATION basins, absorption pits, wetlands, in preference to direct discharge into river systems. (H) INTRODUCTION Minimise the number of direct discharge points into the river following natural discharge flow lines. (H) The management of vegetation is one of the main priorities in Buckley Falls Park. Not only does ve~etation management have implications for fauna habitat and ero~ion Ensure that all drainage outlets in the area remain clear of silt and vegetation. (H) control but it significantly influences the recreation experience along the nver corridor, and determines the landscape character and scenic quality to a large degree. Avoid stormwater works in areas designated to be of scientific, ecological, archaeological or cultural significance. (H) The main vegetation species in the study area are shown on Map 3. The main vegetation zones, as delineated by Carr ( 1987) are as follows: Site and design stormwater works to achieve minimal visual impact. (H) Indigenous Aquatic Vegetation ( Riverine Aquatic Herbfields using Carr's Research and monitoring of the effects of st(lrmwater discharges on the natural terminology ) which comprises open, submerged and emergent aquatic herbfields; environment should be encouraged. (M) i Indigenous Riparian Vegetation ( Riparian Complex ) comprising very diverse, structurally complex vegetation with trees, shrubs and/or herbaceous strata according to the site. Vegetation is usually closed except where receding water reveals mud in summer; Indigenous Dry Slope Vegetation ( Basalt Slopes and Cliffs Complex ) comprising very diverse, often structurally complex vegetation with tree, shrub and/or herbaceous strata. Cover is usually dense; Indi&enous Grasslands ( Bracken Fernfield ) comprising closed herbaceous fern dommated vegetation to 45 cm high. According to Carr ( op. cit ) all indigenous vegetation in the area is significant and some species are now very 'rare at Buckley Falls (see Appendix 4 ). The si$nificance accorded to the vegetation at Buckley Falls derives from a number of considerations including the following: indigenous vegetation has been almost totally obliterated elsewhere in the region; the area is of considerable bio-geographic interest as a meeting place of various floristic elements; a very high proportion of species is significant in a state, regional or local context; '"'t ' ~. • • • the riparian and aquatic vegetation is particularly intact; similar riparian and amphibious vegetation in the same context is considered rare; the vegetation is an interesting outlier of vegetation of similar habitat in the Bacchus Marsh area; )'·'.... ·~-11~ the information content of remnant jndigenous vegetation is significant; ... "' ~11'1 "'L~':!ln"· ,.. ._ ·~.\"· ,.a • .. . ·. '. ., .~~ ... the vegetation is highly significant as wildlife habitat and a wildlife corridor; Broken drainage pipe an Buckley Falls is the closest place to the centre of Geelong where any semblance of original non-coastal vegetation persists. AIMS To continue the established planting theme for the area; to maintain and protect the full diversity of indig~nous vegetation in the area; to place a priority on the maintenance of species that are considered to be threatened, or to have special botanical significance or to be of particular importance as wildlife habitat; to continue to assign a priority to the revegetat!on of areas with relatively intact remnant vegetation; l to eradicate or control introduced species that seriously degrade wildlife habitat and to rehabilitate areas so affected; > to redress the balance away from exotic species to indigenous species to: Indigenous aquatic and riparian vegetation on the south side of the Barwon River with grasslands in the background - provide native fauna habita t~ - create a unique environment for riverside recreation that does not exist downstream; - recreate the "original" character of the area; to remove weed and introduced species on a timely basis to enable habitat maintenance in areas of significant remnant indigenous vegetation ( see Section 2.10 on Weeds); to assign a priority to the removal of weed and introduced species in areas of significant remnant indigenous vegetation; to encourage further research into the status and distribution of indigenous species throughout the area to increase understanding of species association. CONSTRAINTS Unassisted regeneration cannot be relied upon because one-third to one-half of the original plant species of the area have become locally extinct. Dominant exotic elements may have cultura.l significance and invariably have a high visual presence. Non-indigenous tree species predominate on the south side of the lower weir. 50 51 PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS In recent years the four municipalities bordering on the study area have undertaken . Continue the established planting theme for the study ~rea based, where~er planting programs and been the major providers of on-going maintenance. possible on indigenous species. There are four local nurseries capable of. grow1~g plants £Jorn local seeds. ~ere i~digeno~s SP.ecies are not available to fulfil certam Considerable planting has been undertaken by the Shire of Bannockburn post-1983 requirements, use Australian native spectes. (H) under a regional project for Victoria's 150th Anniversary Celebrations with development funds provided by the State Government, local municipalities, Propagate indigenous species, where possible, from material collected as near as government authorities, the Geelong and District Water Board and local industries. possible to Buckley Falls Park. (H) The Shire of Bannockburn mows and maintains the western recreation area and the land adjacent to the Paper Mill and carpark. Develop detailed planting plans for priority areas for revegetation. (H) A request by the Shire of Bannockburn to the Australian Portland Cement Company Refer to the study of indigenous vegetation of the Buckley. Falls area carri~d out by has seen a contribution to the landscape of the study area with the establishment of G.W.Carr for ~idance in the selection of indigenous spectes for new plantmg (see the Peter McCann Memorial Grove on land owne~ by the company. Appendix 5). (H) i The City of Newtown has undertaken extensive planting in Queens Park Golf Course. Coordinate the efforts of local authorities and community groups involved in Planting of indigenous species on Fyansford Common under the auspices of the Shire planting throughout the Park. (H) of Corio has been carried out. The City of South Barwon has also cooperated with the Friends in planting programs on the south side of the river and in the absence of any Provide protection for newly revegetated areas using fencing and signs where other management support has taken the initiative to progressively remove some appropriate. (H) cypresses along Buckley Falls Road as they senesce and replaced them with indigenous plantings. Retain dead and hollow trees, hollow logs and stumps and .other g!oun.d. debris to provide habitat for mammals, reptiles and birds where consistent with v1s1tor safety Revegetation with indigenous species was commenced in 1984/85 with initiatives from and fire protection. (H) the Geelong Environment Council. Since that time the GEC has had a significant involvement in the Buckley Fa11s area, commencing with the initial awareness of the Carry out weed control and eradication measures, as indic'.l!ed in Section ~.10, to importance of the remnant vegetation still occurring along this section of the Barwon encourage regeneration of indigenous species, and facthtate regenerat10n of River. As a first step the GEC commissioned a botanical study of the area by the degraded areas. (H) botanist Geoff Carr. Support from the then Minister for Conservation Forests and Lands was received for the GEC to undertake both the study and a major weeding and Consider removal of non-indigenous small trees and remo_ve .any exotic .species revegetation project. This commenced on the north bank of the Barwon River in 1985 which sucker or are potentia.lly invas~ve. Other large non-md1genous native a!1d with the planting of a number of indigenous plants grown for the GEC from seeds and exotic trees should be retamed while they are healthy. When. th~y :eqmre plant material from the area by two indigenous plant nurseries and the Society for replacement owing to poor condition, they. sh~~ld be replaced with md1genous Growjng Australian Plants. Plants were also supplied by the GEC to the Shire of plantings provided they do not have cultural s1gmflcance. (H) Bannockburn for its community planting. GEC volunteers have mown, weeded and planted new areas as well as maintained existing plantings by regular mulching, Retain exotic species where culturally significant and in good h.ealth. On cultu~ally weeding and staking. Between 1985 and 1989 the GEC planted approximately 5000 significant sites with exotic plantin~ themes, replacement pl.a!1tmgs ~hould continue indigenous plants on the north side of the Barwon River. the same theme. Plant exotic species to enhance a few spec1fJc locations such as the mill cottages and the highway crossing over the Moorabool River. (H) In 1989 the GEC formed the Friends of Buckley Falls ( FO.BF ), as an affiliated group, to continue the project. The FOBF have undertaken v.arious planting and weed Seek the cooperation of adjoining landholders in the planting of indigenous or eradication programs throughout the study area. The Friends have carried out weed native species. (M) removal on the south side of the Barnion River between the lower walking track and the river to enable existin~ indigenous plants consisting of tree violets, hop bushes, Identify areas where habitat burns may ~e requi:ed to protect areas of bot<1;nical hemp bushes, wattles, nattve raspberries and lignum to grow. In Spring 1989 th e significanc~. Carry out ~esearch and m I I 52 53 - Fyansford Common (H); 2.9 VISUAL GUIDELINES - street planting for Deviation, Lower Paper Mills, Upper Paper Mills, and for Buckley Falls and Highett Roads (M); INTRODUCTION buffer planting of the Quarry Reserve (M), City of South Barwon land The Barwon River corridor has distinctive landscape values characterised by rocky adjacent to the golf course (M), the freeway reserve (L), transmission line to the west (L) and industrial buildings on Degoldis Rd (H); cliffs and outcrops, diverse waterforms, interesting and significant cultural features, indigenous vegetation which has been largely replaced downstream, ~n~ steeply - access road into western recreation area (M); incised riverbanks. The riverine setting is further enhanced by the ex1stmg rural landscape abutting it. This rural landscape is dominated by undulating hill~ used for grazin$ and agricultural purposes and has little vegetation cover. This affords - environs of proposed shared footway on southern bank of Barwon River to the west of the lookout. (L) extensive views across an open landscape free of buildings. The landscape of the Moorabool River is significantly different featuring placid Carry out follow up maintenance for any new p~antings. (H) stretches of water, important historical structures, exotic tree species and low-lying floodplains. The escarpment above Deviation Road and the dominant forms of the Continue to systematically remove the Cypresses along Buckley Falls Rd as they senesce and replace with appropriate indigenous or native species. (M) cement plant create a dramatic backdrop. Encourage research into other plant species whose status and ecology in the Park The visual values of Buckley Falls Park are among its most import~nt ones ( S~e ~ap are not well understood. (L) 5 ). The view from the lookout off Buckley Falls Rd on the south side of the nver .1s a view of regional significance. Established lookouts on both sides of the ~arwon River and above Deviation Rd outside the Park reflect the importance of the v1ewscape. The recreation values of the area depend to a large degree on the sce~c quality of ~e environment. Existing recreation uses and those proposed are mamly of a passive nature eg. sightseeing, nature observation, walking, cyclmg, picnicking and fishing. ~or these types of activities the visual landscape is a vital component of the recreauon experience. AIMS To preserve and enhance the existing landscape character of the Buckley Falls area; to ensure that new developments do not reduce the Park's recreational value or have a detrimental effect on the environment. CONSTRAINTS The existence of large areas of private freehold land along the river corridor makes it necessary to enforce controls to ensure that visual qualities are protected. There is a requirement to educate the public about the impacts of small incremental changes which by themselves may not appear to be important, but which looked at as a whole can have a significant visual impact on the landscape. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Under the Geelong Regional Planning Scheme the Barwon Paper Mill and adjacent knoll to the east, the mill cottages and land to the west ( bounded by Upper Paper The Cypresses along Buckley Falls Road are senescing and should be selectively Mills Rd and Carrolls Rd ) and Mt Brandon are designated as Areas of Interest or removed. Landscape Value. Under this desig~ation t~e const~uction of bu.ildings and the undertaking of works and the destruct10n, fellmg, lopping or uprooting of trees and 54 native plants and the removal, defacing or destruction of rock formations or natural objects require a permit. In determining whether or not a permit shall b,e granted the responsible authority shall have regard to the following: · the preseivation of the natural environment including any important landscape or conseivation characteristics of the area and the suitability of the proposed development in relation thereto; the necessity or otherwise of retaining a buffer strip of vegetation in the vicinity of water courses, roads and property boundaries; the need to control or regulate the siting, shape and height of any buildings or extensions thereto; l in Preseivation Order Areas, the extent to which the materials, colours and ext.ernal finishes of such buildings are proposed to conform in appearance and character with adjacent buildings and with the character and appearance of the area generally; and the need to protect the general environs of any natural objects or features from development which would detract from the setting of such object or feature. Some past actions have impinged significantly on the visual qualities of the area including the development of large, obtrusive houses along Buckley Falls Rd on the south side of the river; the siting of two houses behind the quarries on the north side placing them at the end of the viewing axis from the southside lookout; the SEC transmission line to the west; the Baptist Church on the ridgeline beyond Orana Rd; existing industrial enterprises; and extensive use of corrugated iron roofing for houses. Many of these changes have occurred because of the absence of controls which can only be obtained by Preservation Order Overlay or designation as an Area of Interest or Landscape Value. The greatest potential threats to the visual quality and landscape character of the study area are from further urban encroachment on the river corridor on the Mt Brandon and Highview properties and along Buckley Falls Rd. ( See Section 2.1 on Adjoining Land Uses and Appendix 1) PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS The following visual guidelines have been drawn up to address broadscale and site specific visual impacts. BROADSCALE GUIDELINES New subdivisions patterns should be designed to be in harmony with natural and man-made features of the landscape. (H) Plantings should reflect naturally occurring patterns and forms along the river corridor and should soften edges between residential allotments and natural areas. (H) f>. •• } \\ l. "' 55 . ... . / ~ --.. __: \,. I }. ·.~. ~ 4· tr al tall LEGEND or .. ;ed • of D or . "·.... · •• 1 ':. 1al ter i'. ... , ~ ~. ea ' . ' 1 ( ' . / : \ \ l • •, ~ .. :a:'..• 'I /. >m : ·'·-..' ~~~-~ l ..... - .... -_ -- . _...... ~ ~-=·~:;;···:. )/1 .. __ :, __ . ~ ·~ ' . .7" ·. ea : ~ 1_._,,._-.:...·.':.·<. ...I:: :I UNtU"" ).ltM he \ de " -·--- CU'Ttl- l'OVN'O~ ~c . o~,..1~1> .d; !S. m :st 't 1e At I )fl I \ ---~-- -.·---· -~ e- .· ·--.. .\ . .i-·· BUCKLEY FALLS .. ' ~ ,..., '-...... ,/ ,:c ·-. GEELONG REGION td TOPOGRAPHY, VIEHSHED & LANDSCAPE FEATURES !f s. .:. ""-_ .. _:... .:.-:.7'.:.·-- .... . ' . " r ' 56 •' The view from the top of the lookout on the nonh side of the Barwon River across Mt Brandon, with the Hig~view property in the background, demonstrates the sensitivity of this landscape. 57 It is preferable that a gradual transition be achieved from natural areas, to larger rural residential blocks to smaller rural residential blocks to conventional residential allotments. This approach avoids stark contrasts which are unpleasing .. to the eye. (H) The existing Area of Interest or Landscape Value designation on rural residential land on the north side of the Barwon River should be reviewed and, if considered approP-riate, should be extended to visually sensitive rural residential blocks to the west. (H) A variety of allotment sizes should be incorporated into new subdivisions to help overcome the "estate" image that characterises subdivisions with uniform allotment sizes. (H) New utilities such as electricity should, where possible, be laid underground (H). If above-ground siting is unavoidable, efforts should be made to soften the impact of these facilities with vegetative screens and careful attention paid to siting and route selection. (H) Clearing of indigenous vegetation should be minimized in accord with the new State Vegetation Clearing Controls applying to private land. Not only will this help to preserve the character of an area but will reduce the opportunities for invasion by exotic weeds. (H) Wherever possible the planting of indigenous species in the river corridor and immediately adjoining area should be encouraged. A mixture of low, medium and tall growing trees and shrubs should be used. (H) The feasibility of planting roadside reserves in new subdivisions should be investigated. (H) Any vegetation removed should be reinstated with new planting. (H) Development sites should be assessed for their erosion potential. Where the erosion potential is high the development should not be approved. Where the erosion potential is low remedial action such as planting with appropriate species should be undertaken. (H) No gullies should be filled in to accommodate development works given the likely adverse impacts on the local ecology. (H) Stock on rural residential blocks should be controlled in terms of their access to fragile areas and their numbers according to the carrying capacity of the land. (M) Visually intrusive farming activities should be sited such that they are not visible from major viewing points in the area. (I I) SITE-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES Houses sited on high ground ( whether on conventional or rural residential blocks ) and visually prominent should be screened hy appropriate planting from view within the river corridor. (H) 58 59 The triangular block of land between Buckley Falls Road anc;l the Barwon River, which the City of South Barwon took the initiative to acquire, should be planted to protect the river corridor from urban encroachment. (H) The number, style, design and materials of outbuildings on rural residential allotments should be controlled to minimise their visual impact. (H) New roads and driveways in subdivisions should follow the contours of the land (H). Roadside planting (H) and sensitive use of driveway materials (M) should be encouraged. Large earth cuts and fills for building projects should not be allowed (H). Buildings should be designed to blend into the landscape not to sit above it. (H) ,< Reflective or very light external building finishtis should be prohibited. Dull matt finishes should be promoted. (H) ; .., .. "·. - In terms of colour, building finishes should be subdued and harmonize with the .··~~ ,, . natural colours of the surrounding landscape. (H) •· In highly prominent areas on slopes facing the river corridor buildings should not exceed a height of 4 metres above the natural surface level. (H) Urban encroachment on the south side of the Barwon River could be screened by appropriate planting on the Council-owned land below Buckley Falls Road. Roof forms which are dominant and do not relate to the slope of the land should be avoided. (H) Buildin~s should be located within an envelope which includes all buildings and carparking on the site and which is located so that the development does not detract from the landscape character. (H) •'" Building envelopes should be sited below prominent ridgelines and adjacent to ..... ' . existing stands of vegetation. (H) Fencing on all size allotments should be screened with planting, or where practicable reelaced by hedgerows (M). Ornate fencing and gate styles should not be approved. ( M) Signs should be designed to be unobtrusive in colour and style where possible. Coordination of signs can help to lessen the clutter in the landscape. (M) Where possible, architectural styles should complement the surrounding landscape character. A plethora of building styles or fashions only serves to introduce confusion into the landscape. (M) Where there is more than one building on an allotment, it is preferable to seek a common theme in building styles, colours and materials. (M) Landscaping around new developments should be completed within twelve months of the use commencing. (M) The cement plant, as viewed from the river corridor has a dominant visual impact. 60 61 2.10 WEEDS INTRODUCTION Weeds, many of which are noxious, constitute one of the main environmental and management issues in Buckley Falls Park ( See Appendix 6 taken from Carr, G.W., (1987), The Vegetation and Management of Buckley Falls, on the Barwon River, near Geelong. The contents of this Appendix are the expert opinion of Carr and are included in this Plan only as a guide for future action on weed species ). Weeds are a problem in biological terms, visually and in restricting access. Biologically weeds compete with indigenous plants for water, nutrients and sunlight. Weed competition can prevent natural regeneration of indigenous species. According to Carr ( op.cit, p. 29 ): "Not only have many (indigenous ) species become extinct throu$h weed invasions, many have been reduced to critically small and endangered populations." While some weed species may be considered attractive and are common in domestic garden cultivation, some are dominant landscape elements, particularly when in flower. The bright yellow flowers of Genista linifolia ( Flax·leaf Broom) and the deep green fluffy foliage of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) detract from the natural values of the river corridor. In some instances weed growth, together with the less desirable characteristics of weeds in terms of thorns and prickles ( eg. Lycium ferocissimum ( Boxthorn ) and Rosa rubiginosa ( Sweet Briar )), act to restrict pedestrian access along the banks of the streamcourse. The problem plant species throughout the Park, as shown in Map 6, include: Botanical Name Common Name Chrysanthemoides monilifera Boneseed Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Genista linifolia Flax-leaf Broom Hedera helix English Ivy Juncus acutus Rush Ligustrum vulgare Privet Lrnicera japonica Honeysuckle Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Polygala myrtifolia Milkwort Populus alba Silver Poplar Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar Schinus molle Peppercorn Tree Stipa neesiana Argentinian Spear Grass Vinca major Periwinkle Many of the weed species at Buckley Falls originate from areas of cultivation in the vicinity of Buckley Falls, from past dumping of waste and from old plantings at Buckley Falls itself ( ibid ). 62 AIMS To eradicate, or where this is not possible, to control, weed growth throughout Buckley Falls Park; to concentrate weed management efforts in areas where they compete most vigorously with indigenous plant species; to conduct weed management programs in conjunction with revegetation or regeneration programs; to redress the balance of plant species away from exotic or introduced species to indigenous species through revegetation programs; to retain introduced plants where they are hdalthy and either have a useful function or are of historical significance; to use cost-effective weed control measures which are not detrimental to indigenous species and which do not have unacceptable, long-lasting residues; to encourage weed control on private properties adjoining the study area. CONSTRAINTS There are a number of issues which constrain the eradication of weed species in the study are. They include: the terrain, especially the steep slopes and cliffs, which make access to many of the worst areas of weed mfestation very difficult; the presence of significant indigenous species which may suffer under some weed eradication techniques; the need for further knowledge about the most cost-effective and environmentally safe means of weed removal under the conditions pertaining in the study area. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Past weed eradication programs have been selective both in terms of the areas and species tackled. The City of South Barwon has instituted three weed eradication programs over the past twelve years on public land on the south side of the Barwon River. Some of these efforts have concentrated on the removal of Boxthorn. While quite successful within its area of operation, significant concentrations of Boxthorn are still to be found upstream on private land holdings. These concentration have the potential to re·infest the downstream areas which were cleared. The other main weed eradication efforts have been carried out by the GEC and FOBF on both sides of the river, members of the Geelong Office of Corrections on the north side and the Geelong Bushwalking Club on the rocky outcrops on the south side under the supervision of the FOBF. ' ~--; "' J- - ... _,..,,.,----..:II -- •; .. ,. f I~-- ·~ . ' 63 . . -~'.... ·:.,... - . <.: / tghout LEGEND CONCENTRATIONS OF most WEEDS UJ>.T~~ (Ml.WTllO!'-"t') ...,.,.,~~"' on or •~ CH-&.) '~i.TA l'MIF«AA --- ... . l ..!'ANSIORf) , _ ~ ""°""} I LI I ~Mf.W( :ies to I II (~1111/'f) ! J~/WXW 11 Ctwll) ' "\ I .. ~11$'f!Ull>IV~ nction ; ' -- fB ( P91:.\'Yt.-'I') , '>;' I L-VGNM ~~~IM~M .. _ ( ,.,.....-... ) P'Ol"Vi.0AIAA l"< ' • (+l~Vl!-11:. ~IC) ~enous .. ~ .. \ S'flPA Ne.HIA"" • ~,,.. ,.-.,.,~ ··f· \ ~) ' _i -;.,- - • VI~~ ...... l!lll (1'1CJWIN~) ' OT\f!!Jt. ~1Tf.IUll> P-W'4' ' P'lltt.XINUjo '1f'f', ..... l~~) ' ' ' l"ltVlol~ fl1'1'. (Pl-4/tf\f~H) m the e.oc,y/'fRP.__ I _ \ __.,_...... , , __ _.."""""")__ of the _- _,....1.1'4N..- _, ...... ,...... ,..__u- ",____ .. i.tr..AM4 , , ... ,_) ....__ weed _...._--·-) ""~.... _,ihN_ C.-•• ...... ) -r~·..... _, ~- ~ ...... __ - , .. "'""""".....,) +· --·4-___<""'""'-) entally J.lteA i ~--oi.--)(_...... , ) • __ ,_lO+IW) . - /· ,,,._.,..__,_,.., __ ""'4AU. (l'CN01) ·~ . ~) --...... ~--·-~ .·. ... _ ...., .. ,_~-> MtM,- - QWf'llC.-) as and Ii . ·er the . .. \ . ,,.,..--..... \.·-· .. · , . l f these ./ ' '-... '• ·- .. l-· :·: .L . ; ! - within .-...... " ""··-·· !_UCKLEY FALLS I ;-... --· _..,. ;. -:... ,,,.,.· found / ----.'·1' .. ... ------J /. :-infest .....---- .- ···--.. ,.' . ,.,/-----.. _. -:/ ----- GEELONG REGION //_. .. -· ...._ \/ f ,. i ...... / . ,.,,., ~ ..--...... ,, 1" ,,. .::-... 1 . . / ·..... _,,. ' I CONCENTRATIONS or HEEDS FOBF .... ~.:-- .. ~ ~north __ ,, ..·· - \ ' ,/"\ ~r -~ . " -"· ' '-J 'l';mo 1-P.oARTHru. under ...... \ : I ' -~ . ____ ----- I ' ...... i~1121a~-PON1T11a• \\\·;·! t -1 I ~ ... ··' .,_,® i KAP 6 , I I I ~ ..· .. ·---..... / / "'--. 11,,.,,, lllli AdlrHtMI SM'iul }i ' I "\ .~ ! ·." (•)-""°'*OHl>Olt..-·-·- Fum•1~ I; ' 64 Weed management on the ·northern riverbanks has entailed the removal of woody weeds comprising fruit trees ( Malus sylvestris, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus persica and Prunus spinosa ), Crataegus, Genista, Lycium and Foeniculum species. Trees and shrubs have been cut off at ground level and the stumps have been painted with herbicide. In the 1983/84 development by the Shire of Bannockburn the majority of noxious weeds on the north bank and Fyansford Common were removed. The Friends of Buckley Falls commenced work on weed removal adjacent to the lower carpark on the south side of the Barwon River in August 1989. The main species targeted have included Genista, Lycium, Crataegus, Hedera, Ligustrum, Polygala and Chrysanthemoides primarily between the lower walking track and the river. Weeds have been removed by cutting and painting the stumps with herbicide. Two large stands of Broom above the walking track and adjacent to the picnic area have been removed. A trial burn was carried out in the latter area in November 1990. The FOBF intend to monitor weed regrowth in this area to assess the value of burns for use in future as a weed eradication technique. Isolated patches of Genista and Polygala species have been removed adjacent to the upper walking track between the upper and lower carparks on the south side of the nver. A heavy infestation of Polygala adjacent to the footpath and steps leading down to the Devil's Pool has also been removed. Juvenile Polygala plants which have subsequently appeared can be removed by hand pulling throughout the year. The weed removal in the eastern section of the south riverbank has been carried out in conjunction with a planting program. Approximately 1000 trees and shrubs comprising Acacia, Solanum laciniatum ( Kangaroo Apples ) and Dodonea cuneata · ( Hop Bushes) have been planted in this area. Some weed removal on the face of the open quarry adjacent to the lookout off Upper Paper Mills Road and on the slopes just downstream from the southern lookout has been undertaken by the Melbourne University Climbing Club and the Geelong Bushwalking Club respectively. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Encourage the FOBF to continue its existing weed control activities concentrating on targeted areas as described below. (H) Coordinate FOBF activities with other weed eradication efforts carried out by the Department of Conservation and Environment and local Councils. (H) Concentrate weed eradication efforts in areas of significant indigenous vegetation to encourage regeneration through reduced biological competition. Prime areas for this work include: - the south side of the Barwon River between the lower and upper carparks (an area already targeted by the FOBF ). This is Crown Land currently under Council management (H); - the north side of the Barwon River between the Paper Mill and the river. Also Crown Land currently under Council management (H); 65 66 - the northern bank of the Barwon just downstream from the western quarry. Crown Land currently under Council management (H); - the southern bank of the Barwon River near the site of the former Barrabool Flour Mill. Freehold land (M); - the north side of the Barwon River opposite the southwest end of the golf course. Crown Land currently under licence. (M) The owner of the Paper Mill should be encouraged to remove the ivy growing on his buildings and to control its regrowth. (H) Minimise soil disturbance as a result of weed removal, particularly in steep unstable areas to avoid soil erosion and the creation of sites for further weed colonisation. (H) 1 ; Rehabilitate disturbed sites with indigenous species propagated from local seed and plant stock. (H) Remove the Pittosporum and Ash trees amongst the Bottlebrush adjacent to the Devil's Pool on the south side. (M) Target areas where pest plants have a high visual presence as a secondary priority for weed eradication. (M) Fennel is a major weed problem in the study area. Continue to employ the skills of the Melbourne University Rock Climbing Club and the Geelong Bushwalking Club to assist with weed removal from cliff faces and steep slopes. (M) Selectively remove dying Cypresses along Buckley Falls Road and replace with indigenous tree and shrub species which will substantially screen the residences in Highton from the river corridor. (M) Identify cost-effective methods to control particular weed species (M). Encourage private property owners adjacent to the study area to ensure weed control Erograms are implemented on their land. Monitor private efforts in this regard. (M) Monitor the introduction of new pest plants to the study area and control before they have a chance to spread. (L) Monitor and record populations of introduced plant species and evaluate the effectiveness of control methods. (L) .~ . ' . ~ ' . Disturbed areas provide fertile ground for weed infestation. 67 68 3. COMMUNITY AND VISITOR USE This Section provides background to management issues and sets out aims, constraints and actions for aspects of management relating to community uses of Crown Land and to the activities of visitors throughout the study area. Three specific community uses are briefly addressed, however, the emphasis of the section 1s on the management of the range of recreation activities that occur in the study area. Visitor information and education is also covered reflecting its high priority as a management issue. 3.1 COMMUNITY USES INTRODUCTION There is a small number of community uses, existing and proposed, on Crown Land which require careful management. The uses relate to Queens Park Golf Course, leases on riverside land, and the proposed interpretation facility. The Queens Park Golf Course, while not a part of Buckley Falls Park, provides for a number of recreation activities and facilities including golf, picnicking, playground equipment, sports ovals, a kiosk, restaurant, changerooms, clubroom and sporting complex. Crown Land alon~ the riverbanks between the confluence of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers 1s leased for grazing purposes as is land along the Barwon River to the west of the western recreation area. The Crown Land to the north of the mill cottages and on which there is a large open air shed occupies a central location in the study area with good access via Lower Paper Mills Rd. The shed is currently used by some local residents for the storage of cars, trailers and other sundry equipment. AIMS . To ensure that existing and proposed community uses comply with the objectives for the management of Buckley Falls Park. CONSTRAINTS Golf tees and greens close to the river's edge hinder the provision of public access along the riverside. Animals grazing on Crown Land act as a deterrent to public access. Local residents believe the open-air shed should be made available for their use. 69 70 PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 3.2 RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES The Queens Park Golf Course is managed by the City of Newtown. Till now publjc access through the golf course along th~ river has not been encouraged. Buckley Falls Park offers a wide range of recreation opportunities and existing facilities ( See Map 4 ). Many of these opportunities, however, remain unknown to Departmental inspections of Crown Land licences indicate that grazing activity is not large numbers of Geelong residents and visitors to the region. Some facilities are causing any problems of riverbank instability, however, weed infestation is an on-going well-developed, others are in need of upgrading. problem. Public access into these areas, which are popular with anglers, is not facilitated in any way. The management actions proposed in this Management Plan for recreation activities and visitor use have been drawn up in accord with the objectives of conserving the The title to the land to the north of the mill cottages is held by the Department of flora and fauna, protecting historic sites and enhancing the visual qualities of the Conservation and Environment, having been tran sf erred from the Geelong Regional landscape. They are also designed to raise the profile of Buckley Falls Park as a prime Commission. Maintenance of this land has in the past been carried out by some recreation resource within minutes of the centre of Geelong. It is envisaged that these residents of the mill cottages and the Shire of Bannockburn. actions will result in a considerable increase in visitor numbers to the Buckley Falls area from the relatively low numbers at present. Increased local usage is likely to 1 result from "word of mouth" recommendations, while greater interest from further PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTlONS afield will depend, at least initially, on effective promotion programs. The actions are designed to promote the continued use of the area for passive recreation purposes. Public access through the golf course should be encouraged in such a way that it does not disturb golfing activities. This would provide a link between the Stan Each of the recreation activities that occur, or could potentially occur, in the area are Lewis Walk downstream of Queens Bridge and the track from the lower carpark to dealt with below. A separate section addresses the questions of visitor information the lookout above Buckley Falls. The City of Newtown has lodged a submission for and education. funding with VicRoads for the construction of a shared footway along the river's edge through the golf course. This is an initiative which is strongly supported by this Management Plan. (H) 3.2.l ACCESS: PEDESTRIAN, CYCLE AND VEHICLE Existing licences on Crown Land adjacent to the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers should be maintained on the condition that action is taken to eradicate weeds in INTRODUCTION these areas. Public access should be facilitated by the provision of a stile, unlocked wicker gate or some other suitable means of pedestrian access and a shared A large number of formal and informal pedestrian tracks exists throughout the Park footway. (M) (See Map 4 ); few of these tracks are really suitable for cyclists because of their loose surface material. There are some significant discontinuities in the track system. Uses for the Crown Land to the north of the mill cottages should be pursued: Although not originally intended, several of these tracks are also accessible to motor vehicles and trail bikes. The access roads leading into the area are the Hamilton - An investigation of the existing open-air shed should be carried out by an Highway and Upper and Lower Paper Mills Roads on the north side, and Buckley architect and a health inspector. The cost of removing the structure from Falls Road and Highett Road on the south side. the site should also be established. (H) - The use of part of the open-air shed, if it is to remain, or the construction of AIMS a new building for an informal environmental education facility should be investigated. The incorporation of public toilets with this interpretation To upgrade and extend the pedestrian and cycle track system to provide continuous facility is recommended. Close attention would have to be given to effluent access throughout the area in accordance with conservation objectives; disposal. (L) to remove any conflicts between pedestrians, cyclists and motor vehicles; - The majority of the site should remain as public open space. (M) to provide high quality vehicle access and carparking; to ensure adequate access for the disabled. CONSTRAINTS Conflicts with other recreation users and freehold land on both the north and south side of the river place some obstacles in the way of extending the existing track system. The lack of a link between Upper and Lower Paper Mills Roads makes vehicle access to all sites of interest on the north side of the river inconvenient. Vehicle access into 71 72 the western recreation area is also unsatisfactory. Both Buckley Falls Rd and Highett Provide information to visitors concerning pedestrian, cycle and vehicular access Rd on the south side of the river have large unsealed sections. tracks and roads and carparks using leaflets, rnformation boards and signs. (H) Rationalise the designs and materials of all fences, posts, bollards, railings etc on PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Crown Land throughout the Park. (H) On the north side of the Barwon River a sealed shared footway extends from the Investigate the feasibility of constructing a pedestrian footbridge over the Barwon aqueduct bridge, across Fyansford Common to the Moorabool River. Access to River adjacent to the lower carpark on the south side across to Crown Land on the Fyansford Common from the highway via the Peter McCann Memorial Grove has north side. (M) Also investigate the possibility of acquiring the flood-prone been approved by Australian Cement Ltd. From the Moorabool River pedestrian freehold land east of the Children's Animal Farm between the anabranch of the access tracks extend to Lower Paper Mills Rd, connecting with Upper Paper Mills Rd Moorabool River and the junction of the Moorabool and Barwon Rivers. This and extending along the northern riverbank to the western recreation area. Although would facilitate the establishment of a shared footway between a footbridge over not originally intended, some of these pedestrian tracks are currently accessible to the Barwon River and the footbridge over the Moorabool River to Fyansford motor vehicles. Access between the Paper Mill and the river is restricted by the Common. (M) waterfall adjacent to the mill tower. ! Investigate the feasibility of constructing a pedestrian footbridge over the Barwon A pedestrian access track on the south side of the river links the lower carpark with River adjacent to the aqueduct in Queens Park Golf Course. (H) the lookout above the Falls. An informal track links the lower carpark with the lower weir via the Devil's Pool. Clear the pedestrian track below the Paper Mill to the waterfall. (M) None of the existing pedestrian tracks is particularly conducive to use by cyclists Extend the pedestrian access tracks along the southern bank on land which is because of the loose surface, however, this does not deter some users. currently freehold to the west, taking in the main historic features. Link these tracks to future residential development on the Highview property. (M) Vehicular access into the western recreation area has been facilitated in recent years by the acquisition of land behind the open and western quarries by the Shire of Further upgrade vehicular access into the western recreation area. (M) Bannockburn. Recent upgrading of the surface of this road with crushed bluestone has improved access but further work is required. Construe~ a new road linkin.g Upp~r and Lower Paper Mills Roads adjacent to the PaP,er Mill boundary combined with appropriate speed controls on Lower Paper M1lls Road. (M) · PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Construct new cag>arks in the western recreation area (H), adjacent to the open Upgrade the tracks from the pedestrian bridge over the Moorabool River to UpJ?er quarry (M) and adjacent to the aqueduct bridge (L). Paper Mills Road to "shared footway" status making them suitable for cycling. Lmk this shared footway with the new one across the Fyansford Common. Complete the Monitor visitor numbers on Highett and Buckley Falls Roads and seal the links to the path extending from Zillah Crawcour Reserve and below Deviation remaining sections when visitor numbers justify it. (M) Road west to Fyansford Common. (H) Provide a stile or other pedestrian access into licensed Crown Land on the northern Close pedestrian access tracks on the north side of the river to vehicles by erecting riverbank west of the western recreation area. (L) appropriate bollards. (H) Formalise the pedestrian track from the western quarry to the western recreation area and tracks within the western recreation area. (H) Construct a shared footway through Queens Park Golf Course lfoking Stan Lewis Walk to the west with the lower carpark on the south side of the Barwon River. (H) Construct pedestrian/bicycle access tracks on the east and west sides of the Moorabool River providing access under the highway bridge to the Old Fyansford Bridge. (H) Upgrade carparks adjacent to the Paper Mill, and at the lookout and picnic area on the south side of the river. (H) Improve the stepping stones above the Devil's Pool to facilitate and extend the period of access across the river. (H) 74 73 3.2.2 CANOEING PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Few concessions have been made in the past to the requirements of canoeists INTRODUCTION throughout the area. A canoe launching ramp has been installed at the western recreation area. Canoeing is a relatively popular recreation activity in Buckley Falls Park. The Barwon and Moorabool Rivers provide a variety of canoeing venues. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Upstream of Baums Weir there is uninterrurted flatwater paddlin~ which _is. ~~itable Inform visitors about the canoeing opportunities along the two rivers through for both beginner and easy recreational paddlmg. There are ~xtens1ve poss1b1ht1e~ for canoe touring for about eight kilometres upstream of t~e wetr. From Baum~ Weir t.o information boards, signs and brochures. (H) Buckley Falls there are Grade 1 and 2 rapids depend1!1g on the flo~. This area ts suitable for paddlers with a reasonable mastery of basic strokes. It 1s excellent for With the approval of the <;Jeelong and Dis!rict Wa~er Board, increase the number instruction and practice in white-water paddlfpg skills. The mill race provides not only of canoe ramps along the nver at the following locations: a flatwater alternative to descending the rivet to the mill, but also an excellent return route to Baums Weir for paddlers involved in competition or practice. Buckley Falls - in the mill race near the lower weir. This would require a building permit itself is negotiable only in high flood when conditions are very dangerous. The Falls from the Historic Buildings Council (M); should only he attempted by very competent an.d e~perie~ced paddlers. The ~a.lls can - adjacent to the lower carpark on the south side of the river avoiding any be easily portaged on .the north bank: The rapids 1mmed1~tely below the Devils Pool disruption to picnickers (M); provide Grade 2-3 white-water paddling, followed by a sect10n of flat to Grad~ 1 water with a boulder race beino- Grade 1-2 below the lower carpark on the south side. The rapids are suitable for paddlers and when sufficient water is av.ailable could - on the Moorabool River adjacent to the eastern car turning circle on co~petent Fyansford Common (M). be used for slalom paddling. This area p~ovid~s an excellent progression from the section above the Falls. The boulder race 1s suitable for less able paddlers, the only danger being presented by debris which can build up against a tree at the bottom of the race. Downstream of the boulder race there is flat water paddling. This section is suitable for beginner or easy recreational paddling. A small danger is prese_nted. hy snags in the Barwon River between the boulder race and the Moorabool JUnct10n when the river is up and moving. AIMS To provide good access to the river's edge for canoeists; to provide suitable entry and exit points where they are required; to improve some of the riverside tracks for portage. CONSTRAINTS The main constraint on the use of the river for canoeing is the low water level at various times of the year. Suitable conditions usually only occur i~ late winter and early spring or in times of heavy local rain. Adequate flow only pe~~tsts for a few days at a time. This lack of water ljmits the river's potential as a compettt1on venue. Efforts to upgrade the competition standard of the river hy creating channels and ;.{t;;, mushrooms could severely compromise conservation values and would nee The flat water above Baums Weir provides an ideal venue for inexperienced canoeists and canoe touring. Access to the river is afforded by a canoe launching ramp. 75 76 3.2.3 FISHING 3.2.4 HORSERIDING INTRODUCTION INfRODUCTION Fishing is a popular recreation activity along the streambanks. The most common A relatively small amount of horseriding occurs throughout the Park. Most species include redfin, eels, brown trout, galaxias, grayling, common carp and tupong. horseriders are local residents. Horseriding is prohibited in downstream river reserves. AIMS AIMS To maintain access, as far as practicable, to fishing sites along the rivers, m accordance with conservation and visitor safety objectives. To prohibit horseriding on pedestrian/cycle tracks along the river corridor with a ' view to avoiding conflicts with other recreation users, erosion of tracks and the dispersal of pest plant species; CONSTRAINTS to encourage horseriders to keep to roadside verges. Fishing activities can contribute to streambank erosion and result in some damage to streamside vegetation. CONSTRAINTS PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS There are limited resources to police horseriding activities. None. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS There have been no restraints on horseriding activities to date. Using existing and proposed tracks provide good access on stable paths to fishing sites along the river corridors. (H) PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Inform anglers, using information boards and publications, about the fishing Close all pedestrian/cycle tracks and riverside open space to use by horseriders opportunities along the rivers, the need to protect vegetation and to control erosion using appropriate signs. (H) of embankments caused by fishermen digging for worms. (H) Inform horseriders about the prohibitions through information boards and Erect signs in areas of rare or significant vegetation to educate anglers about the publications. (H) need to care for the environment. (M) 77 78 3.2.5 NATURE OBSERVATION 3.2.6 PICNICKING INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION As Sections 2.3 and 2.8 on Fauna and Vegetation respectively indicate, Buckley Falls ~icnick!ng is a rec:reation acti~ity which is ideally suited to Buckley Falls Park: the area Park exhibits a high level of diversity and significance of flora and fauna species. The is. rea~IlY. and quickly accessib_le from most areas of Geelong; and the river, views, relative lack of riverside development, compared with much of the area downstream, h1st~nc sites and other recreation opportunities provide an interesting and conducive has assisted in conserving these natural resources. enVJronment. AIMS AIMS To assist visitors to better understand and appreciate the natural values of the area; To provide attractive and high standard picnic facilities at appropriate sites along i l the Barwon and Moorabool River corridors. to develop themes for interpretation and ·environmental studies based on significant natural resources; CONSTRAINTS to encourage school and other teaching insthutions to use the environmental and geological education opportunities of the area. None. CONSTRAINTS PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS The main limitations on nature observation activities are the increasing level of urban Existing picnic facilities. are limited and of a rudimentary nature, located at the lower encroachment which threatens natural values and the absence of any interpretive carpark on the. ~~uth side. o~ the Ba~o!1 River and at two locations on Fyansford material to enhance visitor understanding and awareness. Co~n;ion. Fac1ht1es are hm1ted to p1cmc tables and rubbish bins. The south side fac~ht1~s were provid~d by the. City of South Barwon some years ago and have been mamtamed by it despite extensive vandalism problems. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS There have been few initiatives in the past to promote nature observation in the PROPOSED :MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Buckley Falls area among the wider community. Existing environmentally-oriented groups are aware of the opportunities available. Upgrade the pic~i~ area a~ the southside lower carpark providing new picnic tables (~~ barbeques, s1tmg a totlet block, and undertaking planting to enhance the area. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS R~locate the. two picnic SJ?Ots on Fyansford Common to more conducive locations Develop interpretive themes based on geology, plant and animal communities and (&~ better vrews of the nver an Inform visitors about picnic facilities along the rivers through information boards and publications. (H) · Link picnic facilities to the pedestrian/cycle track network. (II) 79 80 . As a trial, do not provide rubbish bins throughout the study area. Erect signs 3.2. 7 ROCK CLIMBING directing picnickers to take their rubbish home. (M) INTRODUCTION Preliminary inspection of the cliffs just downstream of the Barwon Paper Mill on the north bank of the river indicates that they may have potential as a rock climbing venue. The closest climbing venue to Gee long at present is in the You Yangs which provides for a fairly limited range of climbing styles, while the distance from Geelong discourages after-work use. .t: .. AIMS To provide limited rock climbing opportunities in specified sites in accordance with visitor safety and conservation objectives. CONSTRAINTS Access to the area below the Paper Mill is limited by the waterfall to the west and by private land to the north. At present the only access is either by canoe or via the Crown Land along the edge of the Moorabool and Barwon Rivers. Use of these cliffs for climbing would necessitate the removal of ivy which covers the entire area. Loose rock which is also found across the cliff face would have to be removed in order to both safely undertake the removal of the ivy and to climb or Facilities at the picnic area adjacent to the lower carpark on the south side of the abseil in the area. Baiwon River should be upgraded. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Rock climbing has not been encouraged or facilitated in the study area. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Retain and maintain existing limited access for rock climbing. (M) Loose rock and ivy to be removed by experienced persons with correct safety equipment. (M) Provide one or two anchor points at the difftop. (M) The western recreation area in the foreground should be developed to cater for a range of recreation users. - ----~-· 81 82 3.2.8 SIGHTSEEING 3.2.9 SWIMMING INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The scenic values of Buckley Falls Park are very high and of regional significance. Swimming is an activity confined to the months of the year when conditions are warm The area demonstrates a diversity of landscape types from rolling agricultural hills, to to hot. At these times the water level of the river is lower and the water volume less steeply incised cliff faces above the river, to open floodplain. This diversity is hazardous to swimmers. The most popular areas for swimming are associated with the enhanced by the variety of waterforms ranging from flat widely flowing sections, to deeper water above Baums Weir, at the Devil's Pool and the lower reaches near the riffles and cascades, and the Falls themselves. Historic elements such as the water aqueduct bridge. Other river sections, because of their rocky nature, are more suited race, weirs and the Paper Mill add to the landscape interest as do the mature to paddling. The mi11 race also offers opportunities for paddling. indigenous vegetation and some small stands of exotic trees. AIMS AIMS To promote good visitor access to the main swimming locations; To provide good visitor access to the main viewing points along the river corridors; to advise swimmers of the inherent dangers of swimming in river waters. to ensure that the integrity of the landscape is maintained. CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS The high volume of water at certain times of the year and the rocky nature of the Incremental changes occurring along the rivers are impinging on the area's scenic watercourse make swimming and diving risky activities at the lower weir. quality. The most significant changes are residential development on both sides of the Barwon River. Developments with regard to commercial or extractive industries, recreation uses and public utilities have the potential to significantly detract from the PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS existing landscape character. None. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Lookouts have been estabJished to enhance visitors' experience of the landscape. There is a lookout on the south side of the Barwon River above the Falls and one on the north side off Upper Paper Mills Rd just downstream of Baums Weir. Existing Through existing and proposed tracks provide good access to the main swimming access tracks on both sides of the rivers also facilitate sightseeing activities. locations. (H) The scenic qualities of parts of the area have also been recognised in the Geelong Warn visitors of the seasonal and inherent dangers of swimmino and diving through Regional Planning Scheme ( GRPS ). The Barwon Paper Mill and adjacent knoll to appropriate means. (H) .::. the east, the mill cottages, land to the west bounded by Upper Paper Mills Rd and Carrolls Rd, and Mt Brandon are designated as Areas of Interest or Landscape Value Inform visitors about the swimming opportunities along the nvers through under the GRPS. information boards and publications. (H) PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Upgrade the facilities at both established lookouts using a high standard of design and construction and enhance sightseeing by providing interpretation of key features seen from these points. (H) Upgrade and extend existing access tracks to facilitate wider appreciation of the landscape values of the study area. (H) Construct a carpark to serve visitors to the lookout on the north side. (M) 83 84 3.3 VISITOR INFORMATION AND EDUCATION Prepare and implement a Signs Plan for interpretive signs, orientation boards name signs, directional signs to facilities ( including access tracks, picnic areas: carparks and lookouts ), and signs conveying information on controls and INTRODUCTION regulations ( eg. entry of horses and pets, revegetation and regeneration areas ). (H) Existing information services for visitors to Buckley Falls Park are inadequate at a state, regional and local level. Many of Geelong's own residents, let alone visitors to . Design self-guided historic walks, using brochures/maps and on-site interpretive the city, are unaware of the recreation opportunities and natural and cultural values of signs, taking in the features and sites around both the Old Fyansford Bridge and the the Park. Barwon Paper Mill (see Section 2.5 on Historic Values). (H) Investigate the feasibility of establishing an environmental education facility in part AIMS of the open-air shed to the north of the miJl cottages on Lower Pa:per Mills Rd. Such a facility would communicate themes, through static and audio-visual displays, To provide general information to visitors about the facilities and features at based on geology, plant and animal communities and ecosystems, bird migration, Buckley Falls Park through Melbourne and regional tourist outlets and within the and protection rehabilitation and management of the area. (M) area itself; 1 · Provide limited interpretation services in the form of ranger or volunteer guided to increase visitor understanding of the features and values of the area to enhance activities and talks in accordance with Department of Conservation and the enjoyment of a visit and to assist in the protection of those features and values; Environment resources and community commitments. (M) to promote some forms of on-site interpretation and education programs. Monitor visitor numbers and use of facilities and use this information as a basis for further planning. (M) CONSTRAINTS Encourage schools and other institutions to use the area for environmental education purposes and to involve them in on-ground works where appropriate. Like the aims for many other management issues, funding and staffing resources are (M) the main limitations. PAST AND PRESENT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS There are no brochures, information sheets or leaflets, boards or displays either on site or at other appropriate locations, to inform potential visitors of the opportunities available. Signs are very rudimentary including a couple of directional signs, "Buckley Falls", on Scenic Rd on the south side, a sign inaicating "Buckley§ Falls Nature Reserve" at the southside lookout and a plaque at the base of the northside lookout indicating the establishment of the "Buckley Falls Regional Park". There are also a few basic warning signs above the Fal1s. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS Rationalise the name for the area. It is recommended that the area be known simply as Buckley Falls Park. (H) Prepare a high quality brochure including a map of the Park and summarizing its mam natural and cultural valu es. Draw up information sheets or leaflets dealing with specific themes. (H) ... _.,.._·:...; .. Distribute published information in the form of leaflets and brochures through .. . local, regional and Melbourne tourist outlets. (H) Provide distribution and recollection boxes at appropriate sites for the distribution of information leaflets throughout the Park. (H) The signs at the lookout on the south side of the Barwon River require upgrading and coordination with other signs throughout the area. 85 86 4. CONCLUSION This Management Plan and the Masterplan have been put to~ether over a number of months in consultation with the Steering Committee comprising a number of officers of state and local government, and regional authorities, and a community representative. A large number of other organisations and individuals have been consulted in their preparation. The Plan and Masterplan address a comprehensive range of conservation issues concerning the river corridors of the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers ( including flora and fauna, soils, historic features, water quality and visual amenity ), recreation opportunities, community uses and visitor information and education. As part of the planning process the broader community has been consulted about the proposals preferred through a process of public exhibition at a number of locations throughout Geelong over a twelve week period. This has ensured that the general community has had the opportunity to make its views known. Written submissions sought from the community have been considered carefully prior to finalisation of the Management Plan and Masterplan. It is recommended that the existing Committees of Management (COM) and any future COMs over the next five years adopt this Plan in principle as a guideline for the future management and development of Buckley Falls Park. It is essential that the managers of the Park ensure the continued involvement of the many community groups, individuals and companies which have participated in development of the area in the past and remain ready to assist in the future. J 87 88 APPENDIX 1 AREAS FREE OF DEVEWPMENT, FOR LO\V DENSITY DEVELOPMENT AND .. FOR MEDIUM DENSITY DEVELOPMENT The areas indicated on the Masterplan as "Free of Development, for Low and Medium Density Development" have been determined having regard to: scenic quality assessment; . public sensitivity level assessment; seen area inventory; visual quality objective; wildlife habitat area; other considerations. Scenic Quality Assessment The landfonn, vegetation, waterforms and cultural features of Buckley Falls Park accord it a high scenic quality rating. The immediate landscape values of the river corridors are enhanced by the existing adjacent rural/agricultural landscape. . Landfonn: - the river is steeply incised with a distinctive gorge just downstream from the Falls; - the Barrabool Hills provide a backdrop of undulating terrain; - the escarpment above Deviation Road is a dramatic topographic feature; - there are substantial areas of rock outcrops; . Vegetation: - there is a strongly defined pattern of vegetation with a strip of streamside indigenous vegetation contrasting sharply with the open paddocks; - stands of exotic vegetation create unusual form, colour and texture in comparison with the indigenous vegetation; Waterform: - the Barwon and Moorabool Rivers provide a permanent waterflow which continually changes in flow character from wide calm sections to riffles, cascades, falls and water races. Cultural Features: - several buildings, e.g. the Barwon Paper Mill, mill cottages, Balmoral Gallery etc, contribute to the historic character and charm of the area. 89 90 Public Sensitivity Level Assessment Other Considerations Public sensitivity levels relate to different degrees of pubJic concern for scenery. A number of factors place Buckley Falls Park in the hign to moderate sensitivity level Apart from the strong visual arguments for maintaining a wide riverside reserve there classification. There are highways, carrying large volumes of traffic, with views of the are many other relevant considerations: river corridor; main sealed roads with more than 50 vehicles per day; walking tracks of high local s ignificance~ residential areas with moderate degrees of scenic concern. The the lower level of management activity in this upper section of the river corridor Plan proposes the establishment of improved recreation areas on the north side of the and past decisions concerning riverside residential development are not acceptable Barwon River which will increase the public sensitivity of any future development on amongst the general community who are becoming increasin~ aware of the need for the Mt Brandon and Highview properties. conservation and environmental protection of valuable visual and recreational assets; Seen Area Inventory a wide reserve will allow for a more enjoyable recreation experience along both sides of the river within a semi-natural environment shielded as much as possible The seen area is merely the landscape that ban be seen from the main observation from suburbia; points along the river corridors i.e. walking tracks, roads, carparks, picnic areas, lookouts etc. There are very few areas along the river corridors that are unseen: the the prospective urban development on the south side of the river increases the Fyansford Quarry on Lower Paper Mills Road and the Quarry Reserve at the top end requirement for high quality recreation spaces nearby, and it is logical that these be of Buckley Falls Road. The Mount Brandon and Highview properties are highly along the river which is the landscape feature of highest value in the area; visible from the north side of the Barwon River. the proposed reserve will facilitate the establishment of appropriate pedestrian and The seen area is divided into three viewing distance zones measured from key bicycle access adjacent to the river and linking in with future reside ntial areas; observation points along the Barwon and Moorabool River corridors: foreground, middleground, and background. Foreground is the area between the observation a wide reserve will enable satisfactory stormwater drainage measures to be points and approximately 0.5 kilometres away where landscape details are discernible implemented between residential development and the river; and textural details of the landscape are visible. Middleground is the area approximately 0.5 kilometres to 6.5 kilometres away, where textural patterns are a wide reserve will help to protect the river corridor from the threats posed by visible, but landscape details are not discernible. Background is the area "escaped" garden species which compete with native flora and degrade wildlife approximately 6.5 to 16 kilometres away in which landscape textures are no longer habitat; visible and impressions are dominated by forms and colours m the landscape. the proposed reserve will allow for the conservation of indigenous grasslands and The topographic enclosure of the Park places much of it in the foreground of also help protect important historic sites on the south side of the Barwon River. individuals recreating along the river. Visual Quality Objective Given the high scenic quality of the south side of the river, the high to moderate public sensitivity and the high visibility of the area, the appropriate visual quality objective for Mount Brandon and Highview is, at a minimum, inevident alteration i.e. no development in the foreground viewshed. The southern boundary for the Area Free of Development is set by measur.ing 0.5 kilometres from the key viewing points on the north side of the river i.e. the carpark in the western recreation area; the northside lookout; northside walking tracks; and the picnic area adjacent to the Paper Mills. Wildlife Habitat Area While it is conceivable that some low density development could take place between the 0.5 kilometre boundary and the river ( appropriate I,Jlanning could minimise the visual impact in the short-term ) it is considered essential to maintain a 200 metre riverside reserve to provide wildlife habitat. Areas between the 200 metre boundary from the south side of the river and the 500 metre boundary from the key observation points on the north side are therefore designated as suitable for low density development. 91 92 APPENDIX2 Eastern Yellow Robin: a resident species usually seen around the lower carpark BIRDS, MAMMALS AND REPTILES where old, non-indigenous gums appear to be important to them. 1. BIRDS Crested Shrike-tit: probably nomadic, although the frequency with which it is recorded in the area or along the Barwon River downstream of Queen Park Bird species in the Buckley Falls area can be broadly grouped as follows: suggests it may breed locally. Tall trees of various species are required by this leaf gleaner. resident: those that remain in the area throughout the year; Clamorous Reed-warbler: migrant, utilising mainly the in-stream reed/sedge-beds migratory: these birds make regular, annual movements out of the area between as nesting habitat. late summer and spring, but they return to nest; Superb Fairy-wren: a resident requiring dense undergrowth with adjacent open nomadic: those that frequent the area regularly for feeding but do not nest there; areas. The population is significant in its proximity to suburban Geelong. 1 I transient: these birds will be seen flying over the area but they do not physically White-browed Scrubwren: as for previous species. utilise it to feed or nest. They may use the Falls and the river valley as a location guide to aid navigation; Silvereye: possibly resident although a north-south migratory pattern is well documented. From late autumn to spring, Tasmanian-form individuals are accidental: species that are extra-limital to the region. recorded here during their migration, but it is not known whether the local nesting birds move away from the area at this time. The species in the resident, migratory and nomadic groups are those that need consideration, and the following are significant on a regional basis: Red-browed Firetail: as for Superb Fairywren. Rufous Night Heron: a stable colony exists on the Queens Park/ Buckley Falls area. Dusky Woodswallow: A small migrant population returns to the lower carpark area They are recorded as nesting in stone pines within the golf course, feed regularly at probably to nest. The old trees in this area are important to them. the Falls particuJarly when elvers and other fish are on migration, and utilise the peppercorns and occasionally the Cypresses as a daytime roost. They also disperse Grey Butcherbird: probably resident at Queens Park, this population is significant to the Belmont Common and elsewhere. Migratory or nomadic patterns, if any, are in its proximity to the suburban areas as the bird has generally retreated ahead of not known for this area. urban growth. Pacific Black Duck: a population is centred on the river particularly upstream of the Falls but also generally along its course. Probably resident. 2. MAMMALS Dusky Moorhen: Resident. Ar:. for previous species. Platypus: status unknown but probably no longer present. Appears to require large pools and adjacent banks mto which burrows can be excavated. Human Gang-gang Cockatoo: Queens Park is an important regional habitat for these mterference is the most likely cause of the decline in local populations. nomadic birds whose food requirements include Eucalypt species as well as exotics such as hawthorn. Koala: probably a nomad using the riparian corridor and possibly overland route:s to move from one feeding site to another. Continuity of an adequate food supply is Eastern Rosella: nesting in tree hollows particularly in Queens Park, this species is necessary. Both Eucalyptus camaldule.asis and Eucalyptus viminalis are important resident in the area although it may move out along the river environs if food is not food sources to this species. available. Brush-tailed Possum: plentiful. Southern Boobook: small numbers remain in Queens Park. They are resident, roosting and nesting in hollow trees and may roost in dense foliage eg. conifers. Ring-tailed Possum: probably quite plentiful, frequenting the riparian vegetation, particularly thickets of teatree and bottlebrush. Tawny Frogmouth: probably still present in Queens Park but a cryptic, noctural species. It is resident, utilising the large River Red Gums and other trees. Chiroptera (Bats): various species including t~e Lesser long-~ar~d and Eptesi.cus spp. are known to occur here. Hollow and split trees, old bu1ldmgs and possibly Laughing Kookaburra: a resident requiring large hollows in which to nest. basalt holes are used as roosts. Sacred Kingfisher: present from late spring to autumn, this is a regular migrant. It uses a tree spout or hole in which to nest. It may dig or drill a hole into the rotten trunks of either indigenous or exotic trees eg. willows. It is a woodland rather than a water~dependent species. 93 94 Wat~r rat: this species seems to have survived better than the other aquatic APPENDIX3 species such as Platypus. Presumably it is better able to withstand human presence and it may have a broader feeding regime. PLANTINGS AT BUCKLEY FALLS, 1986-1989 (See Map 3) ;' 3. REPTILES Number Location Botanical Name Common Name Species of interest include: 1 Sandy Slopes Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum of Western Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle Cunningham's Skink: an inhabitant of the rock faces and talus, it has suffered heavy Recreation Area Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Wattle pressures from collectors and other interference. 2 Canoe Launching Callistemon paludosus River Bottlebrush Water Ski~: as for previous species but it may have fared better because of a Area and Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Wattle naturally higher population and greater ability to escape among the rocks. Riverbank Muehlenbeckia adpressa Climbing Lignum I ~outher!1 Blue-tongue:. not as se~ective ·in its habitat needs as the previous two 3. Western Quarry Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak hzards, it nevertheless is less plentiful than would be the case in more remote areas (Close to water) Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle away from human pressures. Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle Muehlenbeckia adpressa Climbing Lignum Long·necked Tortoise: occurs in the river in small numbers which are occasionally supplemented by "lost" pets. Its ability to breed here is restricted by the lack of 4 Bank between Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Wattle suitable sandy banks where flood debris and silt provide nest sites. Quarries Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle (Close to water) Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Current Bush Tiger Snake: reasonably plentiful. Callistemon paludosus River Bottlebrush O.ther rept~les that may occur here are Marbled Gecko ( P. marmoratus ), Legless 5. Open Quarry Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple Lizard (D. 1mpar )?. Earless Drago_n ( T. line~ta ), Rc;ck Skink ( E. whitii ), Grass Skink Myoporum viscosum Sticky Boobialla ( L. entrecasteawm ), Garden Skmk ( L. gmchenotl ) Weasel Skink ( L. mustelina ) Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia Three·lined Skink ( L. trilineata ), Copperhead (A. s~1perbus) Eastern Brown Snak~ Dodonea cuneata Hop Bush ( P. textitis) and Little Whip Snake ( U. flagellum). ' Acacia implexa Lightwood Wattle Rhagodia parabolica Fragrant Saltbush Gynatrix pulchella Hemp Bush 6. Lookout Dodonea cuneata Hop Bush Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Acacia implexa Lightwood Wattle Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak Pfectranthus parviflorus Blue Flower Rhagodia candolleana Salt Bush 6A Flat North of Dodonea cuneata Hop Bush Lookout Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She·oak Acacia implexa Lightwood Wattle 7 Bank opposite Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea Tree Open Quarry Gynatrix pulchella Hemp Bush Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Wattle Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum 8 Mowed Strip Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak East of Lookout Rhagodia candollcana Salt Bush Acacia implexa Lightwood Wattle Eucalyptus camaldu lensis River Red Gum 95 96 Number Location Botanical Name Common Name Number Location Botanical Name Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea Tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia Dodonea cuneata Hop Bush 18 Upper Bank by Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple LOwer Carpark Eucalyptus camaldulensis 9 Bank Opposite Acacia melanoxylon River Red Gum Blackwood Wattle South Side of Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Location 8 Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea Tree River Myoporum viscosum Callistemon citrinus Sticky Boobialla Red Bottlebrush Muehlenbeckia adpressa Climbing Lignum 10 River Flats Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple 19 Stepped Track Allocasuari na verticillata Drooping She-oak South of Goodenia ovata HopGoodema on Cliff Top Spillway 11 Bank South Acacia pycnatltha Golden Wattle of Carpark Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle NOTE: The above list comprises the predominant species planted. There are Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak other indigenous species which have been planted and are growing on the north Dodonea cuneata Hop Bush side of the Barwon River. Acacia paradoxa Hedge Wattle Callistemon citrinus Red Bottlebmsh llA Above Spillway Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak 12 Mowed Area Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak above Falls Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle and West of Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Picnic Area Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple Eucalyptus camaldu lensis River Red Gum Busaria spinosa var. Sweet Bursaria macrophylla 13 Picnic Area Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak 14 Buffer Zone Acacia mearnsii Late Black Wattle South of Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Wattle Paper Mill Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak 15 Buffer Zone Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping She-oak West of Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Paper Mill Acacia dealhata Silver Wattle Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Acacia implexa Lightwood Wattle 16 Flat between Acacia dealhata Silver Wattle Carparks Allocasuarina verticillata Dropping She-oak 17 Riverbank by Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea Tree Lower Carpark Gynatrix pulchella Hemp Bush South Side of Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple River Acacia dealhata Silver Wattle Goodenia ovata Hop Goodenia APPENDIX 4 Sign ifi can t p lan t s pec ies re co rded a t Buckley Falls o n th e Barwon Rive r, nea r Gee long, Victor i a, Oct ober 1987 . BOTl\NI CAL NAt'.-IE COMMON NAME FAMILY SI GNIFIC ANCE NOTES REFERENCE (S) Acae na novae -zea la ndia e Bidg ee Widgee Burr Rosace ae L c Alte rna nt hera dent icul ata Less er Jo y-we ed Amara ntha cea e ? c Beau gle hol e (1980b) Carr (1986) Baumea junce~ Bare Twig-r us h Cypera cea e L A,I,?B, C .Golb osc hoenus media nu s Mars h Club- ru sh Cypera cea e R A Beau gle hol e (l98 0b ,198 3 ) Bursari~spinosa va r . rnac rop hyl la Larg e- leaf Sweet Bursa ri a Pi ttos por ace ae R A,B,?D Carr (1984 ) Ca ll istemon pa l udosu s River Bott le -br ush Myrt a ceae R A, F ,E, C, L .J Carr (1986) Carex appressa Tall Sedge Cyperaceae L c C. b rev icu lmis Sedge II L A Che il an t i-1cs si e beri Fern Adia n tiace a e R A,F ,B, C Chlo:d s tru ncata Windmill Grass Gra mineae ?R A, B Carr e t al. (1987) Convolv ulu s e rub esc ens sen s . strict . Blu s hi ng Birdw eed Convo.lvulac eae R A,B Crassula si eber iana \0 -...] ··- .,. ssp . tet ramera Peren ni al Si eber Crass ul a Cra ssul ac eae ?R A, ?F,B, C Danthoni a pen i cil l at a Sle nder Wallaby - grass Graminae L A,C Di ane ll a revoluta var. brev ic auli s Coast Flax- l ily Lil iace ae R A,M,K,C,I Carr (1984 ) D. rcv ol uta var . revoluta Bla ck - anther Fl ax-li l y " L A, C Dodonaea vi sc o sa ssp . cune at a Wedge -l eaf Hop-bu s h Sap inda ce ae L A,C,?L Beaugl e hole (1980b ) Echinopogon ova tus Hedge hog Grass Grami neae R A, ?B, C Ein rJ.dia nut ans Nodding Sal tbu sh Chenopodia ce ae L c Eragr ?5 tis br owni i Common Love -g ras s Gra mineae L C, I Ge ran iu;:n re tro rsu m Grassland Crane ' s-bil l Geraniaceae ?R A, B, C Beauglehole (1980b) Carr et al. (1987) II G. so la nder i ~ustral Cran e 's-b i ll L c ~lyci~eclan dcs ti na Twining Glycin e Papilionaceae L A, C G . t abas ci na Varia ble Glyc ine Papi lio nac eae R A, B,C Beaug le hole (1980b) -·Go ode nia -ovata Hop Good eni a Goodeni ace ae L c Gynatrix pulchella-- Hemp Bush Malvaceae R A, C,J Addenoum : Co:)rosm~ q11adr ifi da Pr ick ly Cur ra nt-b us h Rubiace ae L 'Pl., C, J BOTANI CAL Nl1..'1E COMMON NAME FAMILY SI GNIFI CANCE NOTES REFERENCE (S) Hemart hri a unci nat a Mat Grass Graroinea e L A, C --Iso lep- -is --cer nua Noddin g Club -r ush Cype race ae ?R c Juncus amabi l is Rush J unca ceae L c Beaugl eho le (1980b) II L A,C ~·pau cif lo rus Loos e- flow er Ruh Kenned ia pro st rata Runnin g Post man Papiliona c eae L c Lept osp ermum lanigerum Woolly Tea - tree Myrtac ea e R A, L,J L. obovat um Ri ver Tea -tr ee " R A,L, J Ca rr (1986) Li laco psi s po lyant ha Aus tral ia n Li l aeop si s Umbe llif e rae R c R A,B, C, Beaugl e ho le (1980b ) Lin1:J~.marginale Nat i ve Fl ax Li nac eae Carr e t al 1987 ) Loraa:-idr:a f il ifo rmi s Wat tle Mat-r ush Lil i acea e L c L. ;:nicrantna Small - flow e r Mat- rush II R A,B, C l'-iai rca na enc hyl aen oi des Win gle ss Blu ebu sh Chenopod ia ceae R A,E, B,C, Beaugl e hole (1983) Mi.m',tl us r epe ns Cre epin g Monkey -fl ower Scr ophul ar iace ae R A,?B, C ,J !.iUeh~beckiacunninghamii Tangled Li gnum Polyg onacea e R A, H, C Beau gl eh o l e (1983) B,C Beaugle ho (1980b) 11ueller~ e uca lyp toi des Creepin g Mis tle toe Lor an thoc ea e R A,I, le ~ Ca rr (1984) !·1YO?On.ur. yiscosum Sticky Boobialla .Myopora ceae R A, C, L Beaug l ehol e (1980b ) C Be e (1980b, 1983) ~1yr,iophyllum ve rru cosura Red Water -mil fo il Hal or agac eae R A,B, augl hole Nico ti ana af f . marit ima Nat ive Tobac co Solon acea e ?S A,F,K,?B,C,D, L, J Pan icur a 9 rol u.tum Rig id Pan ic Gramineae R A,H,B,C Bea uglehole (1983) Pel~rgoniur.1aus tr ale Austral e Sto rk 's-bi ll Geraniac eae R A,B, C .. ~-.:oaneyanum Rosy sto r k's - bi l l R A,E, H, B, C Beaugl eho l e (1980b) ?ir.iele a htunil is Smooth Rice- f l ower Thymelaea ceae R A,B, C ~'lectr.::.nthus par vi flo ru s Cock's- spu r Flo wer Labia tae s A,E,D ,L ,J Bea uglehole (1983) (Carr 1984 ) Pol ygonuiu pr ost ratum Cre epin g Kno~weed Pol ygonac eae R A,B,C ,, ~- _'.3tr i go swr. Spot te d Knot weed R A,B, C Bea ugleh o le (1980b) Carr (1986 ) ?ot amoget on och rea tu s Bl unt Pond-weed Pot amogetonacea e R A,C,J 2. pe ct ir.a t us Fennel Pond- wee d II R A,C, J Bea ugl eho le NOTES REFERENCE(S) BOTANICAL NAME COMMONNAME FAMILY SIGNIFICANCE Pte ri dium es cule ntu m Corrunon Bracken Dennsta edti ace ae L c Rorippa laciniata Jagged Bitt er -cre ss Cruciferae R A,?B,C,J Beauglehole (1983), Carr (1986), carr (1984) Rhagodia can doll ean a Sea-berry Salt bush Chenopodiaceae L A,M,C,L ,, Car r (1984) R. par abolica Frag ra nt Salt bush s A,F,E,C,L.J.D Rubus parviflorus Small-leaf Bramble Rosaceae L c Schoenoplectu s pungens America n Club-rush Cyperaceae R A,B,C,J Beauglehole (1983) Sol an um laciniaturn Kangar oo App le Solanaceae L c Stellaria palustris Swamp Starwort Caryophyllaceae R A,?B,C,L.J Beauglehole (1980b) Stipa bigeniculata Spear-grass Gramineae R A,B,C Beauglehole (1983) Spirod el la oligorhi za Thin Duck-weed Lemnaceae R A,C,J Beaugl ehol e (1983) Te tragonia imple xic oma Bower Spin ach Chenopodiac ea e L A,C,M,L Tricoryne e latior Yellow Autumn-lily Lili aceae R A,B,C Beauglehole (1980b) Carr {1986) Tripogon lol iifo rmi s Rye Beet le- gr ass Gramineae R A,B,C,J,D,F Beaugl ehol e Urtica inc is a Scrub Nettle Uritacac eae R A,C ~ Vallisneria gigantea Eel-weed Hydrocharitaceae R A,J,C Beauglehol e (1980b) Car r (1984, 1986) Wahlen berg ia lut eola Blue bell campanulaceae R A, B, C Beauglehole (1980b) Carr {1986) Wolffi a austr al iana Tiny Duckweed Lcmnace ae R A,?B,C,J Beauglehole (1980b) Si gnif ica nce: L - l ocal; R - re gio nal; s - Stat e Notes: A - (Now) reg ion ally unconunon or rare on basalt geology. H - At or near eastern limits at least south of the Great B - Serio usly or much depleted in the region or St ate Divid e in Victoria through agricultura l, indu stri al or urban development. I - Ecologically atypical or unusual. C - Population (now) ra re in the grea ter Geelon g area . J - Naturally restricted to relatively uncorrunon or rare habitats in D - Limite d di s tribu ti on in Victo ria. re gio n .or St ate. E - At or near limit of ra nge K - Taxonomic in te rest - unresolved taxonomy F - Southernmost known population in Victori a or L - Naturally disjunct or isolated population(s) near -west er n Victoria M - Typically coastal species - regionally rar e away G - Weste rnmost population . from coast. Source: Carr, G.W., ( 1987 ), The Vegetation and Management of Buckley Falls, on the Barwon River near Geelong, Victoria ADDENDUM 2 JULY 1991 i) Additional significant species BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME FAMILY SIGNIFICANCE NOTES REFERENCES Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo Marsileaceae R A,B,C,J Beaugleb.ole (1983) Arthrooodium minus Small Vanilla-lily Liliaceae R A,B,C Carr~!l (1989) Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed Convolvulace.ae L-R A,B Carr fil fil (1989) Soncbus hydrophiltis Asteraceae L M Bulbine bulbosa Yellow Bulbine-lily Liliaceae R A,B,C Carr ~ fil (1989) Acacia meamsii Black Wattle Mimosaceae L A P!eurosorus rutifolius Blanket Fem Aspleniaceae R A,C,L,J Beauglehole (1985) """' ii) Name changes since Carr (1987) 8 Name used by Carr (1987) Current or correct botanical name Pimelea humilis Pimelea ?sp. aff. Unifolia Panicum prolutum Homopholis proluta Convolvutus erubescens Convolvulus remotus Crassula sieberiana ssp. tetramera Crassula sieberiana ssp. sieberiana Polygonum spp. Persicarja spp. Vallisn eria gigantea VaUisneria americana Acaena novea Acaena anserinifolia Callistemon pa11idus Callistemon sieberi 101 .· 102 APPENDIX 5 Larger plant species sui table for revegeta tion a t Buckley Falls on the Barwon Rive r near Gee long, Victoria · The species nominated occur at Buckley Falls (+) , are known to have occurred there (o) (Wi l liamson 1906), or are considered plausible members of the original flora . Life Height Nearest Planting Common Name Family Propagation Botanical Name Form (m) Known Source of Material Zone + Acacia dealbata Si lver Wattle Mimosaceae ST 6 A + A. i mplexa Lightwood .." II 6 B o A. mearnsii Black Wattle " 6 High ton, Barrabool Hills C,D + A. melanoxylon Blackwood " 7 A,C, D A. paradoxa He dge Wattle LS 3 Barabool Hills, Batesford B,C,D, II A. pycnantha Go lden Wa ttle ST 4 Dog Rocks Road B,D A . verticillata Prickly Moses " LS 3 Batesford Sanctuary A + Atriplex s emibaccata Berry Sal tbu s h Chenopodiaceae .MS 1 B Banksia margina ta Silver Banksia Proteaceae ST 4 ? Bates£ord Sanctuary C,D o Baumea articulata Jointed Twig-rush Cyperaceae RPH 2 ? A II + Bolboschoenus medianus Marsh Club-rush " 1 . 5 A(ii} + Bursa ria spi nos a Largeleaf Sweet var . macrophylla Bursaria Pittosporaceae ST 5 C,D II + Callistemon p aludosus River Bottle-brush Myrtaceae 4 A Ca llitris columellaris Cypress-pine Cupressaceae " 6 B + Calystegia sepium Large Bindweed Convolvulaceae c 3 A + Carex appressa Tall Sedge Cyperaceae TPH 1 A 11 C. fascicularis Ta ssel Sedge " 1 ? A E· gaudichaudiana " RPH 0 . 5 ? A c. tereticaulis " TPH 1.5 ? A Carpobrotus modestus I nland Pig- face Ai zoaceae PSH 0 . 2 ? B (+) Casuarina stricta Drooping She-oak Cas uarina ceae ST 5 Dog Rocks Road B,C( D} + Clematis microphylla Sma ll-leaf Clematis Ranunculaceae c 4 B + Copros ma quadrifida Prickly Currant- bush Rub iaceae MS 2 A o Correa 9labra Rock Correa Rutaceae " 1.5 Batesford Sanctuary A Dia nella laevi s . Smooth Flax-lily Liliaceae TPH 0 . 6 c + D. revoluta var . brevicaulis Coast Flax- l ily II 0 .6 B,D + D. revoluta var . r evol uta Black- anther Flax-lily " RPH 0 .6 B, C,D Dillwynia cincrascens Grey Parrot-pea Papilionaceae SS 0 .8 D + Dodonaea -visco- ---sa ssp . cuneata Wedge- leaf Hop- bush Sapindaceae MS 2 R + Einadia nutans Nodding Saltbush Chenopodiaceae PS 0.3 B. + Enchy laena tome ntosa Ruby Sa ltbush ti II 0 .3 B. River Red Gum Myrtaceae (,p)_ + Eucalyptus camaldulensis LT 17 A,C1 E. ovata Swamp Gum " MT 10 Barrabool Hil ls A E. vimi na lis Ma nna Gum II II 15 towards Dog Rocks .D o Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart Santalaceae ST 5 Batesford Sanctuary A,D E. s t rictus Pale-fruit Bal lart " LS 3 II " A + Goodenia ova t a Hop Goodenia Goodeniaceae SS 2 . 5 A, B + Gynatrix pulchella Hemp Bush Mal vaceae LS 4 !\. + Helichrysum dendroideum Tree Everlasting Compositae II 3 A !:!.· ~ emipapposum Clustered Everlasting TPH 0 . 8 ? B,C, {D) + Hy menanthcra dentata Shrub Violet Violaceae LS 3 A, B,D Indigofera australis Austral Indigo Papilionaceae MS 2 Batesford Sanctuary A, B + I solcpis ~do sa Knobby Club-rush Cyperaceae TPH 1 A, D + Juncus amabili.s Rush Juncaceae II 1.5 A + J. continuus Rush II " 1 A +J. f lavidus Ru sh " II 1 A J. kraussii Sea Rush II 1 Ban..on R i - upstream A + Kennedia p rostrata Ru nning Postman Papilionaceae PS 0.25 A,B-D 103 Life Height Nearest Planting Botanical Name Conunon Name Family Propagation Form (m) Known Source of Material Zone + Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword- sedge Cyperaceae TPH 1 A,B + Leptospennum lanigerurn Woolly Tea-tree My r t aceae LS 2.5 A + L . obovatum River Tea-tree " " 3 A + Lomandra lon~ ifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush Liliaceae TPH o . 8 A,D Lycopus australis Australian Gipsywort Labiatae RPH 1.25 ? A + Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife Lythraceae HP 2 A 0 Muehlenbeckia adpressa Cl~ing Lignum Pol ygonaceae c 3 ? B + M. cunninghami i Tangled Li gnum LS 3 A + Muellerina eucalyptoides Creeping Misteltoe Loranthaceae p .+ Euc. caroaJi.d . host + Myoporum viscosum Sticky Boobialla Myoporaceae LS 2 . 5 B + Nicotiana aff. maritima Native Tobacco Solanaceae HP 1.5 B 0 Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daily-bush Compositae SS/MS 1.8 Bates ford Sanctuary B,D + Phragmites australis Conunon Reed Gromineae RPH 3 A + Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flower . Thymelaeaceae SS 1 B + Poa labillardieri Tussock-grass Gramineae 'I'PH 1 A,A(i) Pomaderris racemosa Cluster Pomaderris Rharnnaceae MS 2 ? B + Pteridiurn esculentum Common Bracken Denn s taedtiaceae RPH 0.8 D Rapanea howittiana Mutton Wood Myrsinaceae ST 4 ? A + Rhagodia candolleana Sea-berry Saltbush Chenopodiaceae MS 1.5 B + R. parabolica Fragrant Sal tbush 11 " 2 B + Ru bus parvifolius Sma ll-leaf Bramble Rosaceae SS 1 .5 A Sambucus gaudichaudiana White Elderberry Caprifoliaceae HP 1 ? A,B + Schoenoplectus pungens Sea Club-rush Cyperaceae RPH 1 A + s. validus River Club-rush II " 2 A Senecio l autus Variable Groundsel Compositae llP 0.3 ? B + s. quadr iden ta tus Cotton Pireweed " l B-D + Solanum laciniatum Kangaroo Apple Sol anaceae LS 3 B,D + Tetragonia implexicoma Bower Spinach Aizoaceae C- PSH 3 B + Life form: C - climber; HP - herbaceous perennial; LS - l arge shrub; LT - large tree; MS - medium shrub; MT - medium tree; P - hemi-parasite; PS - prostrate shrub; PSH - prostrate succulent perennial her b; RPH - r hi zorna tous perennial herb; SS - low shrub; ST - small tree; TPH - tussock-forming perennial herb. Propagation: C - cutting; D- divisi on; s - seed. Planting zone : A. Riparian - within the regular i nfluence of f lood waters - dominants modelled on existing vegetation with two distinctive associ ations : (i) Poa labillar dieri tussock grassland - on the extensive alluvial flats in the western section of the study area. (ii) Bolboschoenus medianus (marsh club-rush) sedgeland on the billabong remnant above Baum We:i.r. B. Rocky s lopes and cliffs - incl uding those created by quarrying and subsequent modifications . C. Gentle basalt slopes - mos tly on the Fyansford side of the river . D. Manna gum (Eucalyptus viminalis) woodland on t he gentle sandy l oam slopes with bracken :remnants. Source: Carr, G.W., ( 1987 ), The Vegetation and Management of Buckley Falls, on the Barwon River near Geelong, Victoda ·. \ APPENDIX6 Seri ous , potentially s e r i ous, o r visually delet e r i ous weed s pecies a t Buckley Falls on t he Barwon River near Ge elong, Vi c t or i a , which r equire e l i mi nati on, or contro l in s ome a r ea s , Oc t ober 198 7 . Taxonomic nome nclatu r e f ol lows Forbes e t a l. (198 4 ) or J e s sop and Toe lken (1986). + The most s e r i ous wee d speci e s 1 2 BOTANICAL NAME CO.t'1..MONNAME Fl\M.I LY LI FE F ORi.'1 CONTROL MEASURES Ac acia l ongifolia Sall ow Watt l e Mimos acea e LS 2,3,4 Agapanthu s orientalis Agapant hus Liliace a e HP 7 Albizia lophantha Cape Wattl e Mimosace a e LS 4 +l~lliumvineale Cr ow Onion Alliacea e B 1 +Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Liliacea e T P ? sracl\yehiton popu lneum Kurrajong Ste rcu lia ceae MT 3 Carda r ia dr aba Hoary Cre s s Crucif e r a e RPH 1 Carpobr o tus--- sp . Pig fa ce Aizo a ce a e SSS ? +Cl'.._rys~nthemoides moni l i f era Bone Se ed Compo s i t a e MS 1 , 2 Ci r s i um vul gar e Spear Th istl e " A 5 Conium- maculaturn Heml ock Umbel l i f erae BH l +~rosma---- repens Mirror Bush Rubi a c eae LS 2 +Cotyledon orbiculata Cotyledon Crass ul aceae SSS ? 1--" ~ +Cr.ataegus monogyna Hawthorn Rosaceae ST 2 Cupressu s mac rocar pa Mon t e rey Cypr e s s Cupr e ssac e ae LT 4 s;_. semper virens I t a lian Cypr e s s If LT 4 +Drosan t hemum candens " PSS ? Eucal ypt us cl adoca lyx Suga r Gum Myr t a ce a e LT 3 ~ - gomphoceph ala Tua rt " MT 3 E. l8hmanni i Bushy Yate II MT 3 +Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Umbelliferae HP 1 +Fraxinus rotundifolia Deser t Ash Oleaceae LT 2 ,3 +Galenia ?ub e s cens Blanke t Weed Aizoaceae PSS ?l +c;e;:;J:"Sta lini f olia Flax-l e a f Rroom Pap i l i o na c ea e MS 1, 5 +G. monspess ul ana Montpe l lier Br oom " MS 1,5 3 : gr a sses - various species Grami ne ae A or HP va r ious +llcdera --heli -x Ivy Ara l i a c eae RC 2 . 5 Iris germani ca Bea r de d Iris Iri da c e ae TP 7 +Juncus a cutus Spi ny Rush J unca cea e TPH 1 1 1 BOTANICAL Nl\.''1E COMMON NZU..:IE FAMILY LIFE FORM CONTROL MEASURES Lac t uca s e rriola Pr ickly Lettuce Composi ta e BH 5 +Lam- --p ru.nthus- s p Aizoaceae SSS ? +?L. s p " SSS ? Lep t-os permum laevigatum Coa s t Tea -t r ee Myrt ac eae LS 4 +Ligust r um vulg ar e Priv e t Ol ea ceae MS 2 +Loni cc r a ja ponica Ja panese Honeys uckle Caprifoliaceae c ?l +Lyc i um f e ro c is simurn Box th o rn Solanaceae LS 2 Malu s s yl ves tr is Apple Rosaceae ST 2 +Mar ru bium vul gar c Hor ehound Labiatae HP l +.Myr si phyllu rn a sp aragoides Sm:i.lax Asparagus Lil i ac eae TC ?1, ?7 +Nico ti ana gla uca Tre e Tobacco Sol anaceae LS 2 +Oryzopsi~ mil i ac e a Rice Millet Gramin e ae TPH 5 +Oxali~ p es - cap ra e Sour - sob Oxa lidaceae B 1 Pela r goni um x domes t ic um Ge r a nium Ge r aniaceae SS 5 ---Pi nus r adi a ta Monte re y Pine Pin a ce ae LT 3 +Pittosporu~ undul atum Swe et Pitto sporum Pit to spor ac eae MT 2 +Polygal a myrt i folia Myr tle -l e a f Milkwor t Pol ygala c ea e MS 1,2 +Pr unus r a Che Plum R a 2 ·- ...... ce sifera rry os ce ae ST ~ .!:- pe rs ic a Peac h " ST 2 £_. spi.nosa Pl.um " LS 2 II Py:r~ conununis Pea r ST 2 Rapl:s t:~um rugos um Gian t Mus tar d Cr uci f erae A 6 Re seda lut eo l a Weld Res edac e ae HP 5 Rol?ini a p_.se udo- a ca ci a Bl ack Locust Papi l io nac e ae LT 2 +Ros a rubi g in os a Swe e t Bri a r Rosacea e LS 2 +Rub u s_ f ru t i cos us s pp. agg. Bla ckbe rr y " LS 1 +Schi nus moll e Pepp er - corn Tre e Anaca rd iaceae MT 2 +SeC.um pr a ealtum Scdum Cras s ul ace a e SSS ? SU y bum ~~ rianum Var i ega te d Thi s tl e Compositae A 6 §pur ti um ) unce um Spa ni sh Broom Papi l ionac e ae LS 2 So) at H L"TI ·h---erma1~- -rii App l e o f Sodom Solanac eae SS 2 _ '? MS llle~ f~ pacus Fur ze or Gor se Papilionaceae 1,2 Verbena ~onariensis Pur p le - t op Verbe na Verb enaceae HP 5 Xan tl2_i u12 _spino sum Bat h ur s t Bur r Compos i ta e A 1 he rb a ceous perenTii al; A - annual; B - deciduous bulb or corm; BH - biennial her b; C - c l imber; HP - 1 Li f e f orm: p ro s tr a te succu le nt s ub-s hru b; LS - large shrub; LT - l ar ge tr e e ; MS - medium sh rub; MT - medium tr ee; PSS - - succ ule n t sub-shrub; RC - ern- imbe RPH - r oma t SS - low s ub; SSS st root cl r; hiz ous perennial herb; hr p erennial he rb. ST - small tree; TC - tuberous r oo te d dec id uous c l imber; PPH - tussock-formin g 2 Con tr ol .:Me as ure s (:where known) : l * he rb i cide app li e d t o folia ge 2 cut down and herbicide applie d t o s tump or stem s 3 ringb ar king 4 cut off near gr o und lev e l 5 digging-out or han d-pullin g and removal 6 removal of i nflorescence s with either a whippe r-sn ip pe r or weed-bu r ner 7 hand re.roova l of under groun d r oot s to cks {tubers, corms e tc.) * Herbic id e applica ti o ns should f o ll ow the pr es cri ption s given in : Swarbrick, J .T. (19 87) The Aus tr a lian Weed Contr o l Handbook. Inka ta Press , North Cla y ton, Victori a . § Source: Carr, G.W., ( 1987 ), The Vegetation and Management of Buckley Falls, on the Barwon River near Geelong, Victoria 107 108 BIBLIOGRAPHY Beauglehole, AC., ( 1980 ), The Distribution and Conservation of Vascular Plants in the Corangamite-Otway Areas, Victoria Beauglehole, A.C., ( 1983 ), The Distribution and Conservation of Vascular Plants in the Melbourne Area, Victoria Breckwoldt, R., ( 1983 ), Wildlife in the Home Paddock Nature Conservation for Australian Farmers Carr, G.W., ( 1984 ), Buckley Falls and a Biological Heritage, Geelong Environment Council Newsletter 10 (9): 2-4 Carr, G.W., ( 1986 ), Terrestrial and Aquatic Flora, in ( Kinhill Stearns eds. ), Enlargement of Wurdee Boluc Reservoir, Environmental Effects Statement, Melbourne Carr, G.W., Bedggood, S.E., and McMahon, A.R.G., ( 1987 ), Enlargement of Wurdee Boluc Reservoir: Further Data on Native Vegetation and its Significance and the Re establishment of Wetland Vegetation for Conservation and Landscaping Purposes Carr, G.W., ( 1987 ), The Vegetation and Management of Buckley Falls, on the Barwon River near Geelong, Victoria Carr, G.W., McMahon, A.R.G., Todd, J.A. and Bedggood, S.E., ( 1989 ), Vegetation and Management of the MMBW Maribyrnong Valley Metropolitan Park, Keilor, Victoria, Report prepared for MMBW Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Melbourne, Objectives and Guidelines for the Management of the Barwon River at Geelong, prepared for the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust City of South Barwon, Fire Prevention Plan - 1989 /90 Season Clark, R., Miles, B., Micheli, B., and Ward, J., ( 1988 ), Draft Guidelines on the Siting and Design of Stormwater Discharge and Sewage Disposal Systems on Coastal Crown Land Denton Corker Kelly Marshall, ( 1976 ), Geelong Regional Planning Authority Outer Freeway Reservation, Landscape Consultants' Progress Report No. 1 Department of Conservation Forests and Lands, ( 1987 ), Better Rivers and Catchments, Victoria, Australia Department of Conservation Forests and Lands, ( 1987 ), Conservation in Victoria Department of Conservation Forests and Lands, ( 1988 ), Forest Management Gmc..lelines for Wildlife Conservation Geelong Field Naturalists Club, ( 1987 ), From Buckleys to the Break, A history and natural history of the Barwon River through Gee long Geelong Regional Com.mission, ( 1981 ), Adopted Wandana/MontpeJJier Structure Plan 109 Geelong Regional Commission, ( 1981 ), Wandana/Montpellier Structure Plan Geelong Regional Commission Recreatioq, Consultative Committee, ( 1984 ), Geelong Regional Recreation Strategic Plan Geelong Regional Commission, ( 1988 ), Directions: the Geelong Region Development Strategy Grant, K., ( 1973 ), Terrain Classification for Engineering Purposes of the Queenscliff Area, Victoria, Division of Applied Geomechanics Technical Paper No. 12 Gutteridge Haskins and Davey Pty Ltd, ( 1979J, Barwon River Water Management Study, Technical Report, prepared for the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust and the Geelong Regional Commission ' Gutteridge Haskins and Davey Pty Ltd, ( 1982 ), Geelong Flood Plain Management Study, prepared for the Water Supply Commission of Victoria Loder and Bayly, Geelong Region Human Needs and Social Development, Volume III B McNeill, J., ( n.k. ), A. Journey to Destiny 1890-1990, Australian Cement Limited Raadik, T.A., ( 1986 ), Freshwater and Estuarine Fish Distribution and Management in the Geelong Region Shire of Bannockburn, Fire Prevention Plan Shire of Bannockburn, Feasibility Study, Buckley Falls Canoe and Rafting Course Shire of Bannockburn, ( 1983 ), Buckley Falls Project, Buckley Falls Development, Fyansford Shire of Corio, Fire Prevention 1988/89 State Government of Victoria, ( 1987 ), Protecting the Environment, A Conservation Strategy for Victoria State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, ( 1980 ), Guidelines for River Management, A report on the principles to be used and guidelines for the Planning and Implementation of River Management Works · State Rivers and Water Supply Commission, ( 1982 ), Revegetating Victorian Streams Turnbridge, B.R., ( 1988 )) Environmental flows and fish populations of waters in the South-Western Region of Victoria, Technical Report Series No. 65, Department of Conservation Forests and Lands Willingham) A., ( 1986 ), Geelong Region, Historic Buildings and Objects Study) Volume 1, prepared for the Geelong Regional Commission