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Slatkovodni Beskičmenjaci Balkanskog Poluostrva U Međunarodnim Listama Ugroženih Vrsta

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Slatkovodni Beskičmenjaci Balkanskog Poluostrva U Međunarodnim Listama Ugroženih Vrsta Savić, A. Slatkovodni beskičmenjaci Balkanskog poluostrva u međunarodnim listama… th Niš (Serbia and Montenegro), September 01-03, 2007 9 Symposium on Flora of Southeastern Serbia and Proceeding, 253-260 Neighbouring Regions ! Slatkovodni beskičmenjaci Balkanskog poluostrva u međunarodnim listama ugroženih vrsta Ana Savić Odsek za biologiju i ekologiju, Prirodnomatematički fakultet, Univerzitet u Nišu Abstract Savić, A.: Freshwater invertebrates of Balkan Peninsula in international lists of endangered species. Proceeding of the 9th Symposium of flora of Southeastern Serbia and Neighbouring Regions, Nis, 2007. In this paper are presented literature data about freshwater invertebrates which found in international lists of treatended species and its presence on Balkan peninsula. Key words: invertebrates, Balkan peninsula, endangered species. ! ! Uvod Značaj slatkovodnih beskičmenjaka, sa jedne ! strane, i njihova ugroženost, sa druge strane, Vodena staništa spadaju u red najosetljivijih inicirali su potrebu da se ova komponenta staništa, koja istovremeno trpe veoma jak uticaj biocenoze zaštiti od daljeg ugrožavanja i antropogenog faktora. Akvatične životinje grade iščezavanja. Osim zaštite njihovih staništa, u jednu od komponenata životne zajednice – međunarodnoj zajednici se čine napori da se zaštite zoocenozu. Članovi zoocenoze pripadaju različitim i populacije pojedinih vrsta koje su najugroženije. taksonomskim i ekološkim grupama životinja. Veliki broj vrsta slatkovodnih beskičmenjaka našao Jedna od komponenti zoocenoze su i akvatični se na različitim međunarodnim listama koje sadrže beskičmenjaci. ugrožene predstavnike svetske faune i vrste čije je Slatkovodne vrste invertebrata se mogu naći u sakupljanje zabranjeno u sve druge svrhe osim svim slatkovodnim kopnenim staništima. O naučnih. U tom smislu, najznačajnija je svetska diverzitetu i ugroženosti akvatičnih invertebrata crvena lista IUCN, koja sadrži najugroženije kopnenih voda će biti više reči u ovom radu. predstavnike svetske faune. Osim toga, neke vrste Prema klasifikaciji EUNIS sva slatkovodna se nalaze i u dodacima CITES konvencije. staništa se mogu svrstati u sledeće grupe staništa: Neki predstavnici ove interesantne faunističke C. kopnena površinska, grupe su ugroženi samo na nekim delovima svog D. močvarna, tresavska i ritska i areala, tako da se nalaze na regionalnim crvenim H. unutarkontinentalna staništa sa slabo listama faune. Mnoge države su izradile ili u svojoj razvijenom vegetacijom (L a k u š i ć et. al., 2005). nacionalnoj strategiji za očuvanje biodiverziteta U kopnenim vodama se sreću predstavnici imaju u planu izradu crvenih knjiga flore i faune, sledećih sistematskih grupa: Protozoa, Porifera, gde svoje mesto mogu naći i slatkovodni Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes (Turbelaria, Nemertina), beskičmenjaci. Gastrotricha, Rotifera, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia), Annelida Diverzitet i ugroženost kopnenih vodenih (Oligochaeta, Brachiobdellida, Polychaeta, beskičmenjaka Balkanskog poluostrva Acanthobdellida, Hirudinea), Bryozoa, Tardigrada i Arthropoda (Insecta, Crustaceae). Balkansko poluostrvo predstavlja jedan od najznačajnijih centara biodiverziteta u Evropi. 253 9th Symposium on Flora of Southeastern Serbia and Neighbouring Regions Proceeding Razuđenost terena, različiti klimatski uticaji i Tabela 1. Slatkovodne makroinvertebrate Slovenije izražena raznovrsnost staništa uslovila je i veliku u IUCN Red List raznovrsnost živih organizama. Mnoge vrste Table 1. Freshwater invertebrates of Slovenia in životinja nalaze se na međunarodnim, regionalnim i IUCN Red List nacionalnim listama ugroženih i zaštićenih KLASA, Red, Familija Kategorija životinjskih vrsta. Beskičmenjaci, kao veoma (Classis, Ordo, Familie) ugroženosti osetljiva grupa životinja, takođe su se našli na ovim Vrsta (Species) listama, a svakako je najznačajniji njihov tretman GASTROPODA, Stylommatophora, Cochlicopidae kao ugroženih na svetskoj IUCN crvenoj listi (sl. 1). Cochlicopa nitens (M. von Gallenstein, 1848) LR/lc CRUSTACEA, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae Acanthocyclops hypogeus (Kiefer, 1930) VU D2 Rum, , 13 Metacyclops postojnae Brancelj, 1987 VU D2 Tur, , 15 CRUSTACEA, Anomopoda, Chydoridae Bug, , 11 Alona sketi Brancelj, 1992 VU D2 Grc, , 9 Alb, , 1 CRUSTACEA, Decapoda, Astacidae Mak, , 6 Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) VU B2bce+3bcd Australopotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, Srb, , 15 VU B2bce+3bcd CG, , 7 1858) BiH 9 A. torrentium (Schrank, 1803) VU B2bce+3bcd Hrv, , 10 CRUSTACEA, Decapoda, Atyidae Slo, , 40 Troglocaris anophthalmus (Kollar, 1848) VU B1+2cde CRUSTACEA, Isopoda, Trichonichidae 0 1020304050 Calconiscellus gotscheensis VU D2 Haplophthalmus abbreviatus VU D2 Slika 1. Zastupljenost ugroženih vrsta slatkovodnih H. rhinoceros VU D2 beskičmenjaka iz pojedinih država Balkanskog Moserius percoi VU D2 poluostrva na IUCN Red List CRUSTACEA, Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae Fig. 1. Presence of endangered species of Monolistra bolei Sket, 1982 EN B1+2c M. spinosissima EN B1+2bce freshwater invertebrates from states of Balkan M. calopyge VU D2 Peninsula in IUCN Red List CRUSTACEA, Isopoda, Asellidae Proasellus parvulus VU D2 Diverzitet i ugroženost kopnenih vodenih P. slovenicus VU D2 invertebrata pojedinih zemalja na Balkanskom Pseudocandona aemonae VU D2 poluostrvu nije u jednakoj meri istražena, ali P. cavicola VU D2 P. pretneri VU D2 postoje mnogobrojni podaci koji ukazuju da je ova P. trigonelia VU D2 grupa organizama jako raznovrsna. Na ovom mestu CRUSTACEA, Amphipoda, Nipharagidae biće prikazani podaci o poznavanju ove grupe Niphargus valachicus Dobreanu & VU B1+2bcde beskičmenjaka u pojedinim zemljama Balkanskog Manolache, 1933 poluostrva, kao i podaci koji pokazuju kolika je Carinurella paradoxa (Sket, 1964) VU D2 njihova ugroženost. Niphargobates orophobata Sket, 1981 VU D2 Niphargus aberrans Sket, 1972 VU D2 Niphargus hadzii Rejic, 1956 VU D2 Slovenija Niphargus sphagnicolus Rejic, 1956 VU D2 Niphargus spoeckeri Schellenberg, 1933 VU D2 Slovenija spada u red zemalja u kojima je po Niphargus stenopus Sket, 1960 VU D2 pitanju poznavanja ugroženosti i zaštite životinjskih Niphargus timavi S.Karaman, 1954 VU D2 CRUSTACEA, Harpacticoida, Canthocamptidae vrsta najviše urađeno. Skoro sve sistematske grupe Ceuthonectes rouchi Petkovski, 1984 VU D2 životinja su već početkom zadnje decenije prošlog Paramorariopsis anae Brancelj, 1991 VU D2 veka imale crvene knjige. Poznate su kategorije Elaphoidella franci Petkovski, 1983 VU D2 ugroženosti svih beskičmenjačkih grupa. Ipak, Elaphoidella jeanneli (Chappuis, 1928) VU D2 posebno su značajne one vrste beskičmenjaka koje Elaphoidella kieferi Loffler, 1968 VU D2 su našle svoje mesto u IUCN Red List. Od Pseudocandona triglavensis Brancelj, 1994 VU D2 CRUSTACEA, Harpacticoida, Ameiridae predstavnika slatkovodne beskičmenjačke faune Nitocrella slovenica Petkovski, 1959 VU D2 čak 40 vrsta se nalazi na ovoj listi, od kojih je CRUSTACEA, Anostraca, Chirocephalidae većina u kategoriji ranjivih (VU). Samo jedna vrsta, Chirocephalus croaticus Steuer, 1899 VU B1+2bcde Monolistra bolei (Isopoda), inače endemit INSECTA, Odonata, Coenagrionidae Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier, Slovenije, pripada kategoriji ugroženih (EN) NT (http://www.iucnredlist.org). (tab. 1) 1840) INSECTA, Odonata, Libellulidae Leucorrhinia caudalis (Charpentier, 1840) LC 254 Savić, A. Slatkovodni beskičmenjaci Balkanskog poluostrva u međunarodnim listama… Hrvatska Bosna i Hercegovina Hrvatska ima značajne populacije mnogih Slično kao i ostale zemlje ovog regiona, Bosna vrsta koje su ugrožene na evropskom nivou. Crvene i Hercegovina se odlikuje bogatstvom liste ugroženih vrsta u okviru tretiranih grupa beskičmenjaka, koji nisu tako dobro istraženi kao u (invertebrate, leptiri, vilinski konjici, fauna Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj. Ipak, poznato je da je veliki šupljina, vaskularne biljke i gljive) broje 1131 broj vrsta endemičan. ugrožen takson, koje su strogo zaštićene zakonom. Na IUCN listi nalazi se 9 vrsta, i to sve u kategoriji ranjivih (tab. 3), među kojima je veoma Tabela 2. Slatkovodne makroinvertebrate Hrvatske interesantna vrsta Graphoderus bilineatus u IUCN Red List (http://www.iucnredlist.org). Table 2. Freshwater invertebrates of Croatia in Posebno je interesantna vrsta Chirocephalus IUCN Red List reiseri čiji je glavni deo areala u Kini, a van granica kontinuiranog areala nalazi se samo jedna tačka u KLASA, Red, Familija Kategorija Bosni i Hercegovini. Ovakva disjunkcija u arealu (Classis, Ordo, Familie) ugroženosti ukazuje da je reč o reliktnoj vrsti velike starosti. Vrsta (Species) CRUSTACEA, Decapoda, Astacidae Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758) VU B2bce+3bcd Tabela 3. Slatkovodne makroinvertebrate Bosne i Australopotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, VU B2bce+3bcd Hercegovine u IUCN Red List 1858) Table 3. Freshwater invertebrates of Bosnia and Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803) VU B2bce+3bcd CRUSTACEA, Conchostraca, Leptestheriidae Hercegovinia in IUCN Red List Eoleptestheria spinosa Marincek, 1978 VU B1+2bcd+3c KLASA, Red, Familija Kategorija CRUSTACEA, Calanoida, Diaptomidae (Classis, Ordo, Familie) ugroženosti Stygodiaptomus petkovskii Brancelj, 1991 VU B1+2cde CRUSTACEA, Decapoda, Atyidae Vrsta (Species) Troglocaris anophthalmus (Kollar, 1848) VU B1+2cde CRUSTACEA, Anomopoda, Chydoridae CRUSTACEA, Amphipoda, Nipharagidae Alona hercegovinae Brancelj, 1990 VU D2 Niphargus hrabei S.Karaman, 1932 VU B1+2bcde CRUSTACEA,Decapoda, Astacidae Niphargus valachicus Dobreanu & Manolache, VU B1+2bcde 1933 Austropotamobius pallipes VU INSECTA, Odonata, Libellulidae
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