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F0f2-4C51-Bc3d-25Cc5cbf0c0b.Txt Dépôt Institutionnel de l’Université libre de Bruxelles / Université libre de Bruxelles Institutional Repository Thèse de doctorat/ PhD Thesis Citation APA: Prévot, V. (2011). Exploring the taxonomy of a facultative selfing, polymorphic land snail: the genus Rumina, Gastropoda Pulmonata (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Université libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences – Sciences biologiques, Bruxelles. Disponible à / Available at permalink : https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/209873/4/b2b8693d-f0f2-4c51-bc3d-25cc5cbf0c0b.txt (English version below) Cette thèse de doctorat a été numérisée par l’Université libre de Bruxelles. L’auteur qui s’opposerait à sa mise en ligne dans DI-fusion est invité à prendre contact avec l’Université ([email protected]). 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Toute autre utilisation non mentionnée ci-dessus nécessite l’autorisation de l’auteur de l’œuvre ou de l’ayant droit. ------------------------------------------------------ English Version ------------------------------------------------------------------- This Ph.D. thesis has been digitized by Université libre de Bruxelles. The author who would disagree on its online availability in DI-fusion is invited to contact the University ([email protected]). If a native electronic version of the thesis exists, the University can guarantee neither that the present digitized version is identical to the native electronic version, nor that it is the definitive official version of the thesis. DI-fusion is the Institutional Repository of Université libre de Bruxelles; it collects the research output of the University, available on open access as much as possible. The works included in DI-fusion are protected by the Belgian legislation relating to authors’ rights and neighbouring rights. Any user may, without prior permission from the authors or copyright owners, for private usage or for educational or scientific research purposes, to the extent justified by the non-profit activity, read, download or reproduce on paper or on any other media, the articles or fragments of other works, available in DI-fusion, provided: - The authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited in any copy; - The unique identifier (permalink) for the original metadata page in DI-fusion is indicated; - The content is not changed in any way. It is not permitted to store the work in another database in order to provide access to it; the unique identifier (permalink) indicated above must always be used to provide access to the work. Any other use not mentioned above requires the authors’ or copyright owners’ permission. D 03797 Jniversité Libre de Bruxelles Koyal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Science Exploring the taxonomy of a facultative selfing, polymorphie land snail: the genus Rumina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) Vanya Prévôt Brussels, 2011 xell Promotor : Prof. Patrick Mardulyn Co-Promotor: Prof. Thierry Backeljau Members of the jury: Prof. Olivier Hardy (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Pfor. Guy Josens (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Prof. Benjamin Gômez Moliner (Universidad del Pais Vasco) Prof. Nausicaa Noret (Université Libre de Bruxelles) This Work was made with the support ofthe FNRS (Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Belgique) that conceded a FRI A (Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture) PhD grant to V. Prévôt The author aiso received a financial support from the “Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren”, Belgium. Note to the reader: Both the names Cornu aspersum and Hélix aspersa are synonyms and are used within the text according to the name given in the reference source. R. decollata is used in the text both for the currently reported species and for the group of 6 phylogenetic species found in Chapter I. Table of contents General introduction...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: Exploring species level taxonomy in the polymorphie, hermaphroditic land snail genus Rumina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata).....................................................................................14 Chapter II: Fifteen microsatellite loci for the decollate snail. Rumina decollata...................49 Chapter III: Population genetic re-interpretation of two color morphs of the decollate snail. Rumina decollata (Mollusca, Pulmonata) in southem France................................................... 53 Chapter IV: The dark invader: Characterizing the colonizing decollate snail. Rumina decollata (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora).................................................................83 Chapter V: Shell and génital morphometrical analysis of the land snail genus Rumina.......94 Chapter VI: General discussion............................................................................................... 134 Acknowldgements...................................................................................................................... 146 About the author........................................................................................................................ 147 Abstract 148 General Introduction General Introduction Species is a universally accepted term but its définition is certainly one of the oldest and most controversial debates among biologists, parataxonomists and non-biologists whose Works are affected by the interprétation of what “species” are. Species are considered as “units” of classification (Wilkins, 2010) and the term is used in practically ail biological disciplines and beyond, such as medicine, pharmacology, conservation, agriculture, law enforcement, among others (Agapow et al., 2004; de Queiroz, 2005; Hausdorf, 2011; Mallet, 2007; Sites and Marshall, 2004). Species are described and classified by a science called taxonomy, and therefore taxonomy is strongly influenced by species délimitation (Dayrat, 2005). Species is an important heuristic tool to measure biodiversity, since areas of conservation importance (e.g. biodiversity hotspots) are defined on the basis of the species existing in these areas and conservation schemes are evaluated according to how many species will be preserved (Agapow et al., 2004). Therefore, the définition of species may hâve a profound impact on the development and implémentation of conservation strategies (Soltis and Gitzendanner, 1999). The term species also is central to evolutionary studies. Evolution may in the long-term lead to spéciation (i.e. the evolutionary process of the origin of new species), consequently evolutionary studies are also strongly affected by the way species are defined (de Queiroz, 1998). According to the points mentioned above, it is critical that species délimitation should be easy, reliable and efficient, not only for producing accurate species inventories and taxonomie interprétations, but also because disciplines that in one or another way make use of species are strongly dépendent on those species inventories and our knowledge of species (Dayrat, 2005). Despite the importance of “species”, currently there is still no generally accepted species concept applicable to ail organisms (Hey, 2001) and different species concepts can even be mutually inconsistent (Mayden, 1997). This thesis illustrâtes and discusses the species problem by attempting to delimit species- level taxonomie units in a facultatively self-fertilizating, morphologically variable terrestrial snail complex, viz. the genus Rumina. In order to focus on the problem, 1 here first provide a general background on the complexities of the study model. 1 General Introduction The species problem Species récognition and classification requires a species concept. Species concepts define what a species is using defining species criteria (reproductive isolation, distinctness of lineages, genotypic cluster, ...). Hence, the discussion of different species concepts is not merely a philosophical debate, for different species concepts may regard different sorts of groups of individuals as different species with evidently different conclusions as a resuit (Hausdorf, 2011;
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