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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Etnologijo in Kulturno Antropologijo

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Univerza V Ljubljani Filozofska Fakulteta Oddelek Za Etnologijo in Kulturno Antropologijo UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ETNOLOGIJO IN KULTURNO ANTROPOLOGIJO KATJA VIDEC Uprizarjanje likov skandinavske mitologije v »kostumiranih igrah« (cosplay) Diplomsko delo Študijski program: Etnologija in kulturna antropologija – E Mentor: red. prof. dr. Bojan Baskar Šentjur, 2014 Ves svet je oder in moški in ženske zgolj igralci: nastopajo in spet odhajajo in vsak igra v življenju razne vloge. - Shakespeare Iskrena hvala vsem za besede spodbude in vašo potrpežljivost. 2 Kazalo vsebine 1 UVOD ............................................................................................................................6 2 SKANDINAVSKA MITOLOGIJA ..............................................................................7 3 PREDSTAVITEV IGRALCEV VLOG .......................................................................9 3.1 TERMINOLOGIJA ...................................................................................................... 10 4 KOSTUMIRANE IGRE ............................................................................................. 12 5 SKUPNOST IN NADLEGOVANJE IGRALCEV VLOG ........................................ 18 6 KOSTUMI LIKOV ..................................................................................................... 22 6.1 THOR ...................................................................................................................... 22 6.2 LADY THOR ............................................................................................................. 23 6.3 LOKI ....................................................................................................................... 23 6.4 LADY LOKI .............................................................................................................. 24 6.5 SIF .......................................................................................................................... 25 6.6 FENRIR .................................................................................................................... 25 7 ROČNO IN UMETNIŠKO USTVARJANJE KOSTUMOV .................................... 26 8 SHODI ......................................................................................................................... 29 9 PREZENTACIJA........................................................................................................ 31 10 ZAKLJUČEK............................................................................................................ 39 11 LITERATURA .......................................................................................................... 41 12 VIRI SLIKOVNEGA MATERIALA ....................................................................... 43 13 SOGOVORNIKI ....................................................................................................... 44 14 PRILOGE .................................................................................................................. 45 14.1 INTERVJUJI ............................................................................................................ 45 14.1.1 Cutie Shy Cosplay .......................................................................................... 45 14.1.2 Idromy............................................................................................................ 52 14.1.3 Loki Hates You ............................................................................................... 88 14.1.4 Saphira ........................................................................................................ 102 14.1.5 Thor Odinson ............................................................................................... 119 14.1.6 Ukiyo cosplay ............................................................................................... 131 14.2 SLIKE .................................................................................................................. 149 Kazalo slik SLIKA 1 CUTIE SHY COSPLAY, UPRIZARJA LIK LADY THOR NA SHODU MCM EXPO, LONDON, VELIKA BRITANIJA; MAJ 2013. FOTOGRAF NI ZNAN. 149 SLIKA 2 IDROMY UPRIZARJA LIK FENRIRJA NA SHODU V ŠPANIJI. FOTOGRAF SKETCH MC-DRAW COSPLAY, FOTOTERMIN, NOVEMBER 2013, ŠPANIJA. 150 SLIKA 3 IDROMY UPRIZARJA LIK FENRIRJA NA SHODU V ŠPANIJI; NOVEMBER 2013. FOTOGRAF KMERON. 150 SLIKA 4 LOKI HATES YOU UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. SHOD SE NE VE, ZDRUŽENE DRŽAVE AMERIKE; AVGUST 2013. FOTOGRAF SERGIA LEON LAU. 151 SLIKA 5 LOKI HATES YOU UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. FOTOGRAF VICTOR RODRIGUEZ PHOTOGRAPHY, FOTOTERMIN, JULIJ 2014, ZDRUŽENE DRŽAVE AMERIKE. 152 SLIKA 6 SEPHIRA UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. FOTOGRAF IL_CARNEFICE, FOTOTERMIN, JUNIJ 2014, NEMČIJA. 153 SLIKA 7 SEPHIRA UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. FOTOGRAF TAKATO_SAJONJI, FOTOTERMIN, JUNIJ 2014, NEMČIJA. 154 SLIKA 8 THOR ODINSON UPRIZARJA LIK THORA. FOTOTERMIN, APRIL 2013, ŠKOTSKA. FOTOGRAF NI ZNA, PREDVIDEVAM, DA JE FOTOGRAFIRALA OSEBA FAHRLIGHT. 155 SLIKA 9 UKIYO COSPLAY UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. FOTOGRAFA KASAN COSPLAY IN TEETASSEN COSPLAY, FOTOTERMIN APRIL 2014, NEMČIJA. 156 SLIKA 10 UKIYO COSPLAY UPRIZARJA LIK LOKIJA. FOTOGRAFA NIKORA COSPLAY AND PHOTOGRAPHY, FOTOTERMIN JANUAR 2014. 157 4 Izvleček Naloga govori o tem, kaj so igre vlog, kaj pomeni uprizarjanje likov za igralca, kako igralec ustvarja svoje kostume. Ljudje, ki so navdušeni nad mitološkimi liki Skandinavije, se pogosto tudi preoblečejo vanje in jih poskušajo uprizarjati kar se da natančno. Igralci skozi like spoznavajo sebe, svojo seksualnost, pridobijo samozavest, izboljšajo svoje ročne in umetniške spretnosti pri izdelovanju kostumov in pripomočkov. V skupnosti najdejo pomoč za razreševanje določenih težav glede uprizarjanja in igranja, pridobijo nove prijatelje in informacije glede shodov. Na shodih večinoma ni težav, razen da so ženski liki večkrat nadlegovani in se zaradi tega počutijo manj varni, zato hodijo ali v paru ali pa v skupinah. Ameriški shodi se zelo razlikujejo od evropskih – največji razliki sta velikost in kostumi. Ogromne hale so nabito polne igralcev in obiskovalcev, kostumi pa variirajo med boljšo in slabšo kvaliteto. Igralci ponavadi uprizarjajo like, s katerimi se lahko povežejo na čustveni ravni, lahko pa tudi samo zaradi izgleda. Ključne besede: skandinavska mitologija, uprizarjanje likov, igra vlog, kostumi, cosplay, identifikacija. Abstract This thesis discusses what cosplay is, what cosplaying means to a cosplayer and how a cosplayer creates his or her costume. People who are enthusiastic about the mythological characters of Scandinavia often dress like them and try to stage them as thoroughly as possible. Through their characters cosplayers start to learn about themselves, their sexuality, they gain confidence; they improve their manual and artistic skills with making costumes and accessories. In their community cosplayers find help to solve certain problems connected with presenting and cosplaying a character, they get new friends and also information about conventions. Mostly there are no problems at conventions, except that female characters are frequently harassed and feel less safe because of this, which is the reason they either walk in pairs or groups. American conventions are vastly different than the European ones – the biggest differences are their size of the event and the costumes. Enormous halls are full of cosplayers and visitors, the costumes vary in quality. Cosplayers usually cosplay characters with who they can connect on an emotional level but they can cosplay a character just because of their looks. Key words: Scandinavian mythology, performing characters, costume play, costumes, cosplay, identification. 5 1 Uvod Naloga zajema predstavitev in uprizarjanje skandinavskih božanstev skozi kostumirane igre ali cosplay, kot je znano na medmrežjih in v slengu mladih. Ta mitologija povečini zajema države Norveške, Švedske, Danske skupaj s Faroškimi otoki in Islandije. Na internetne strani sem podala prošnjo za sodelovanje pri nalogi, intervjuje pa sem v nadaljevanju opravila s Cutie Shy Cosplay, z Idromy, z Loki Hates You, s Saphiro, s Thorom Odinsonom in z Ukiyo Cosplay. Ti sogovorniki prihajajo iz dežel Evrope - Belgija, Nemčija, Škotska, Velika Britanija in iz Združenih držav Amerike; pri nas, v Sloveniji, pa nisem zasledila osebe, ki bi te like uprizarjala. V nalogi sem predstavila like iz skandinavske mitologije, ki so najbolj popularni in predstavljeni v medijih. V nadaljevanju sledi predstavitev igre vlog, kostumi likov, ustvarjanje kostumov, skupnost in predstavljanje igralcev kot like – čeprav je uprizarjanje likov kompleksnejše, sem se osredotočila na najpomembnejše. Metodologija raziskovanja so členitve intervjujev, branje člankov, ki se nanašajo na omenjena poglavja, in pomoč z Goffmanovo knjigo ('The presentation of self in everyday life, 1959), ki je osredotočena na igranje posameznika v vsakodnevnem življenju. Odvisno pa je, s kom je oseba v interakciji v določenem trenutku in kaj od te osebe pričakuje občinstvo, ki ga ima. 6 2 Skandinavska mitologija Preden začnem o igranju ali uprizarjanju likov, bom na kratko razložila mitologijo, da bodo kakšne stvari kasneje morda bolj jasne 1 . Celotno poglavje je delno povzeto iz drugega poglavja moje seminarske naloge 'Konstrukcija identitete nordicizma pri mladih (v severni Evropi)' (Daly po Videc 2013: 5-6). Temelj je jesenovo drevo Yggdrasil ali Drevo sveta in povezuje devet svetov. Na najvišjem delu drevesa so Asgard, kjer domujejo bogovi Aesir, Vanaheim, doma bogov Vanir in Alfheim ali dom vilincev svetlobe. Nižje
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