The Fourth Disaster Management Practitioners’ Workshop for Southeast Asia Learning from Community-Based Practices: Strengthening Policy and Partnerships

PROCEEDINGS

THE FOURTH DISASTER MANAGEMENT PRACTITIONERS’ WORKSHOP FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA LEARNING FROM COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICES: STRENGTHENING POLICY AND PARTNERSHIPS

PDRSEA-3 CBDRM

ASIAN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTER PO Box 4, Klong Luang Pathumthani, Thailand 12120 Tel: (66 2) 516 5900-10 Fax: (66 2) 524 5360 URL: www.adpc.net

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

550681_COVER_M20681_COVER_M2 1 77/19/06/19/06 110:27:150:27:15 AAMM The Partnerships for Disaster Reduction - South East Asia Phase 3 (PDRSEA3) program is jointly implemented by (ADPC) and the UNESCAP with funding support from the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO) under its ‘Fourth DIPECHO Action Plan for Southeast Asia’. The one-year project, which commenced in February 2005, aims to establish an improved, enabling environment for CBDRM through promoting ownership in national programs and local entities, enhancing the capabilities of CBDRM practitioners and the expansion of new and strengthening of existing partnerships in Southeast Asia particularly in the target countries Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Timor Léste and Vietnam.

The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), established in 1986 is a regional, inter-governmental, non-proﬁ t organization and resource center based in Bangkok, Thailand. ADPC is mandated to promote safer communities and sustainable development through the reduction of the impact of disasters in response to the needs of countries and communities in Asia and the Paciﬁ c by raising awareness, helping to establish and strengthen sustainable institutional mechanisms, enhancing knowledge and skills, and facilitating the exchange of information, experience and expertise.

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Tel.: (66-2) 516-5900 to 5910 Fax: (66-2) 524-5360 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.adpc.net

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Paciﬁ c is the regional arm of the United Nations Secretariat for the Asian and Paciﬁ c regions, located in Bangkok, Thailand. UNESCAP is committed to materialize the visions of the United Nations Millennium Declaration, which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in September 2000. The current PDR-SEA project is being implemented jointly by UNESCAP and ADPC at the regional level.

For more information, please contact: UNESCAP United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel.: (66-2) 288-1450 Fax: (66-2) 288-1059 Website: http://www.unescap.org/

The European Commission Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO) oversees and coordinates the European Union’s humanitarian operations in non-member countries, in partnership with non-governmental organizations, specialized agencies of the United Nations, and other international bodies. DIPECHO is the Disaster Preparedness program set up by ECHO in 1996 to prevent and prepare for natural disasters.

For more information, please contact: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Ofﬁ ce 200 rue de la loi B-1049 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: (32 2) 295 4400 Fax: (32 3) 295 4572 E-mail: [email protected]

The United Nations - International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) for Asia and Paciﬁ c Islands works through a growing network of national platforms to mobilize governmental actions in disaster risk reduction as well as directly with the governments in the region, as mandated though the Hyogo Framework for Action, to assist them in identifying their priorities and in formulating their national action plan on disaster risk reduction towards its integration in national development plans. It also makes an effective use of regional partners’ networks at the national level, in particular the UN Country Team members, to facilitate the effective implementation of DRR strategies.

For more information, please contact: UN/ISDR Asia and the Paciﬁ c c/o UNESCAP - UN Conference Centre Building Rajdamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel: +66 (0)2 288 2745 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.unisdr.org

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THE FOURTH DISASTER MANAGEMENT PRACTITIONERS’ WORKSHOP FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA

LEARNING FROM COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICES: STRENGTHENING POLICY AND PARTNERSHIPS

550699_A-F_M20699_A-F_M2 v 77/6/06/6/06 11:47:4511:47:45 AMAM PROCEEDINGS THE FOURTH Disaster Management Practitioners’ Workshop for Southeast Asia

Learning from Community-based Practices: Strengthening Policy and Partnerships

PROCEEDINGS Published by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center through its Partnerships for Disaster Reduction - Southeast Asia Phase 3 (PDRSEA3) Project jointly implemented by ADPC and UNESCAP with funding support from DIPECHO

Supervising Editor: Zubair Murshed Design and Layout: Lowil fred Espada

Electronic copies of the presentations made during the workshop are also available on CD.

For more information on this publication and to order a copy, write to:

Vicky Puzon-Diopenes Information Manager Partnerships for Disaster Reduction - Southeast Asia (PDRSEA) Asian Disaster Preparedness Center PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Tel: +66 2 516 5900 to 10, Ext 408 Fax: +66 2 524 5360 Email: [email protected] URL: www.adpc.net

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i in theimplementationofourextensivearrayprojects andprograms. support fromvariousmulti-lateralandbi-lateraldevelopment anddonoragencies;asmanifested and twentyyearsofexperienceintheregioniscon identifying disasterriskmanagementneeds,and developingstrategicsolutions. ADPC’s standing complement ADPC’s involvementinbuilding nationalandprovincialdisastermanagementsystems, support mainstreamingofdisastermanagement into thedevelopmentprocesses. These activities capacities, applycommunity-baseddisasterrisk managementpractices,andpromote approach isfurtherreinforcedbyensuringthat ADPC’s projectsandprogramsenhanceinstitutional disaster riskmanagementandpublichealthinemergencies. This vigorousandcomprehensive structuring itstechnicalfocusonclimateriskmanagement,disastermanagementsystems,urban operational strengthstoaddresstheevolvingdevelopmentsindisasterriskmanagementby dynamically totheparadigmshiftindisastermanagement,readilyandactivelyadjustingits the disastermanagementneedsofcountriesin Asia. Initstwentyyears ADPC responded ADPC wasestablishedin1986underlateColonelBrianWard’s illustriousleadershiptoaddress paving thewaytoreductionofimpactsnaturaldisasters. have beenapioneerinsomeofthesigni and countriesbetterprepared,safer, andmoreresilientinfaceofdisasters. ADPC isproudto disaster management,including ADPC staff andalumnihavecontributedtomakingcommunities collaboration andsupportto ADPC duringthepasttwodecades. The workofallstakeholders in national governments,numerousUNorganizationsandotherinternationalfortheir like totakethisopportunityexpressmysincereappreciationallitspartnerinstitutions, The Asian DisasterPreparednessCentercelebratesits20yearanniversaryin2006.Iwould sustainable developmentthrough disasterreduction 20 yearsofcommitmenttosafercommunitiesand ﬁ cant changes-inparadigm,concepts,andpractices ﬁ rmed bythesubstantiveencouragement and preface 77/6/06 11:51:44 AM / 6 / 0 6

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i i Executive Director, Asian DisasterPreparednessCenter Message FromDr. Suvit Yodmani As itsExecutiveDirector, itismyhonortobepartofthis commitment, dedicationandloyaltyto ADPC’s goalsandmission. In closing,permitmetoexpressmygratitudeourstaff andconsultantswhohaveshared policies andpracticesthroughoutthe Asia andPaci collaborations withallstakeholdersindisasterriskmanagementintosustainabledevelopment to actasaregionalearlywarningcenter. ADPC willfurtherpursueoperationalpartnershipsand operational andtechnicalstrengthstoevolveinitsroleasaregionalresourcecenter, and As itmovesforwardbeyonditstwentyyearsofoperations, ADPC willcontinuetobuilduponits Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning the internationalcommunityovercomingchallengestoserveregionandbeyond. ADPC willcontinuetoberesponsivetheprioritiesofourkeystakeholdersingovernmentsand fi c regions. c fi ne organization.Iamcon fi dent that dent 77/6/06 11:51:44 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M introduction

introduction

This document brings together the Proceedings and Outcomes of the “Fourth Disaster Management Practitioners’ Workshop for Southeast Asia” (DMP SEA) held on 8-10 March 2006 in Bangkok, Thailand.

The main theme of the workshop was “Learning from Community Based Practices: Strengthening Policy and Partnerships”. It is hoped that this document will be a reference point for future initiatives in community-based disaster risk management. This is the fourth time practitioners’ in CBDRM gathered to discuss the status of CBDRM, issues and solutions for making communities more resilient to disaster impacts leading to poverty alleviation and sustainable development. It also presents papers on the different themes and country reports on CBDRM and outcomes of the group discussion.

The three day workshop was attended by more than 70 participants from over 12 countries within and outside this region. Participants included representatives from the government, local and international NGOs, community leaders, donor agencies, regional bodies and the United Nations. 1

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2 promote community-based approaches to disaster risk management on a regional basis. To date, To date, basis. workshops have SEA three regional DMP beenheld, a the on management risk disaster to approaches community-based promote emerging andexperiences lessons, issues and identify strategies, and to develop partnerships fordisaster management toan gather opportunity basis practitioners onaperiodic to share The Disaster Management Practitioners’ Worksh Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning being implemented under PDRSEA 3andbeing implementeditprovides to discuss aforum under experiences. PDRSEA TimorLéste PDR, Lao and Viet Nam. The4th DMP Disaster in Risk Management (CBDRM) Itseeks 3). to promotethird phase National (PDRSEA Strategic Planning forCommunity-Based for Asia and thePaci Center, Un the Preparedness with inpartnership initiativeDirectorate beingimplemented important forHumanitarian One Aid. by theAsian Disaster approaches innova of and number a strengthenin Southeast Asian by context, countries partnerships NGOsand international organizations to based promote community this In with processes. developmentto promote based integration approaches into of broader socio-economic community and networking partnerships the increasing needforestablishing and strengthening multi-sectoral reduction has beenunderlined both by thedisastro and institutional mechanisms. approaches to Therelevance disaster of risk community-based major disasters of aregoingthrough review aprocess and inthedisaster reform related policies onDisaster Conference Reduction.the UN-World aims to build resilience of and communities nations to disasters, was alandmarkachieved by of disasterpractice management. risk For example, theHyogo Framework of (HFA), Action which have signi Indonesia and Pakistan, Such events Katrina intheUnited andStates thehurricane of America. disastersother large scale intheregion and worl Workshop isbeingheldin SEA The 4th DMP East Asian region. Governments,from NGOs, International organizations, agencies theSouth and from UN Donors, Nang, Vietnam and thethird inBangkok. Participants fi changedcantly perceptions about vulnerability, have taken both place inpolicy and fi c, is the Partnerships for Disaster Re Disaster for Partnerships the is c, fi ve Southeast Asian Cambodia, countries: Indonesia, tive programshave been and arebeingimplemented support from theEuropean from Commission, General support ited Nations Economic and Social Commission ited Nations Commission Economic andSocial the aftermath of the greatthe aftermath Asian tsunami and dwide; e.g. intheNias theearthquakes Island, fi inHanoi,rst inDa 1999, October thesecond us events and the response needs. Likewise is Likewise is needs. response eventsthe us and op for Southeast Asia (DMP SEA)provides op forSoutheast Asia (DMP Countries affected by Countries affected thetsunami and other at theworkshop aretraditionally, practitioners SEA WorkshopSEA isoneof themany activities duction Southeast Asia, currently inits background 77/6/06 11:53:57 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M introduction

Workshop Theme

“Learning from Community Based Practices: Strengthening Policy and Partnerships”, the theme for this year’s workshop, emphasizes the need for continued learning about community based approaches to disaster risk reduction and underlines the importance of formulating policy and strengthening partnerships for wider integration of CBDRM into the social and economic development processes.

Workshop Objectives

In the longer term the Southeast Asia Regional Disaster Management Practitioners’ Workshop aims to serve as a multi-sectoral regional forum on community based approaches to disaster risk management. Within this broader context, the Fourth Workshop intends to:

• Share innovative experiences of DIPECHO partners and other key stakeholders on community based approaches; • Discuss frameworks and tools to enhance CBDRM practice; e.g. strategic planning, accountability, mapping and building capacity, mapping good practices; • Review activities and measures already undertaken in recent years to strengthen networking on CBDRM; • Identify strategies to strengthen multi-sectoral partnerships to integrate CBDRM into social and economic development processes; and • Establish priority program of actions to further strengthen regional networking of CBDRM practitioners.

Workshop Sessions

1. Innovative Approaches to Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Experiences of DIPECHO Partners and Other Stakeholders 2. Integrating CBDRM into the Social and Economic Development Process 3. Partnerships and Networking to Enhance CBDRM: Regional Strategies and Priority Programs of Action

Displays and Materials

The workshop also gave an opportunity for participants to showcase their project outputs, publications, brochures, programs, photographs in CBDRM in an exhibition that was held parallel on all four days of the workshop. 3

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4 PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 0513 Workshop Overview GroupPhoto 1015-1030 0945-1015 0930-0945 OpeningCeremony RegistrationofDelegates 0900-0930 0800-0900 Day 1:Wednesday, 8March Century Park Hotel •8-10 •Bangkok, March 2006 Thailand South East Asia 4th Disaster Management Practitioners Workshop (Mr ZubairMurshed, ADPC) Tea /Introductions Break andCoffee Mr. JoeChung, SeniorRegionalOf Address (UNISDR) Division, UNESCAP Mr. RaeKwonChung,Director, EnvironmentandSustainableDevelopment Address (UNESCAP) Union in Thailand, Myanmar, CambodiaandLaoPDR, Excellency Dr. FriedrichHamburger, HeadoftheDelegationEuropean Keynote Address Dr Suvit Yodmani, Executive Director, Asian DisasterPreparednessCenter Welcome Address ﬁ cer,UNISDR workshop program 77/6/06 11:54:36 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M workshop program

THEME 1 Innovative Approaches to Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Experiences of DIPECHO Partners and Other Stakeholders 1030-1130 Financial Services to Support Community Initiatives for Disaster Reduction Facilitator: Rajib Shaw • Microﬁ nance and Disaster Preparedness: How to Finance Disaster Prevention at the Household Level - An Experience in Vietnam (Mr Guillame Chantry, DWF Vietnam) • Microcredits for Natural Disaster Risk Reduction (Dr Shadadt Hahmud, Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation, Bangladesh) • Community Cooperative in Talumpok, Batangas, Philippines (Ms Zenaida Willison, UNDP Bangkok) • Corporate / Private Sector Community Interface in Microﬁ nance (Mr Rajib Shaw, Kyoto University Japan) • Micro-Credit for Disaster Preparedness at the Community Level (Mr Habibullah Bahar, Manab Mukti Sangstha Bangladesh) 1130-1200 Key Learning from the Cases (Plenary Discussion) 1200-1300 Lunch 1300-1400 Strengthening Local Government System to Support Community Initiatives

Parallel Session 1 : Facilitator: Ian Wilderspin (Grand Ballroom) • Local Govt Capacity Building Initiatives: Philippine Red Cross Experience (Ms Emmeline Managbanag, PNRC Philippines) • Local Govt Capacity Building Initiatives: IIDP Indonesia Experience (Ms Chandra Lukitasari, IIDP Indonesia) • Local Government Capacity Building Initiatives in CRM Indonesia Project (Ms Lolita Bildan, ADPC) Parallel Session 2 : Facilitator: Zubair Murshed (Ayutthaya IV Room, 3rd Floor) • Safer Community Plans: Integrating Risk Reduction into Local Development Planning in Vietnam (Ms Kathleen McLaughlin, CECI Vietnam) • ADPC - MRC Capacity Building Project: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Vietnam (Ms Hnin Nwe Win and Mr Aslam Perwaiz, ADPC) • Local Govt Capacity Building Initiatives: CDP Philippines Experience (Ms Lorna Victoria, Center for Disaster Preparedness Philippines) 1400-1430 Key Learning from the Cases (Group Work) 1430-1500 Key Learning from the Cases (Reporting in Plenary) 1500-1520 Tea and Coffee Break 1520-1620 Community Level Information and Early Warning Systems Facilitator: Joe Chung • Experience of ACF Cambodia (Ms Sandrine Roussy, ACF Cambodia) • Experience of ZOA Cambodia (Ms Bernie O’Neill, ZOA Cambodia) • Experience of CARE Indonesia (Ms Henny Dwi Vidiarina, CARE Indonesia) 5

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6 PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 0930-0945 0800-0930 Day 2: Thursday, 9March 4514 PlenaryDiscussion 1500-1700 1445-1500 Integration ofCBDRMintoVietnam’s NationalStrategy 1435-1445 MobilizingandOrientingthe MediaforCBDRM 1425-1435 Mapping GoodPractices:RegionalDatabaseonCBDRM 1415-1425 CBDRMCurriculumforLocal Authorities 1400-1415 Critical GuidelinesonCommunityBasedDisasterRiskManagement 1350-1400 GovernmentalCapacities toImplementCBDRM 1330-1350 National StrategicCollaborative Action PlanningforCBDRM 1315-1330 1300-1315 Facilitator: ZubairMurshed Development Economic Process and Social CBDRM intothe Integrating PlenaryReporting&Discussion 2 THEME GroupWork 1200-1300 1100-1200 1000-1100 0945-1000 ChallengesinWorking withCommunitiesinUrban Areas – ACF Experience • Adinugroho Facilitators: ZubairMurshed,JoeChung,ZenaidaWillison,Kusuma Recommendations and Didn’t Key What Work? Challenges CBDRM: Issues, Village EmergencyResponse Teams (MrKarimNayani,FocusHumanitarian • Facilitator: ZubairMurshed inCBDRM Innovative Experiences Other Facilitator: DrLeHuu Ti ofCBDRM Expansion and Dissemination Effective forthe Options Policy Strategy and Tea Break and Coffee (Mr DangQuang Tinh, DMCVietnam (Ms Vicky Diopenes, ADPC (Ms Vicky Diopenes, ADPC (Mr SheshKantaKa (Mr ZubairMurshed, ADPC Mehta, ADPC (Mr Aman (Mr ZubairMurshed, ADPC Lunch Tea Break andCoffee ReclamationofFloodDamaged Areas throughCommunityBased Agro- • ChildCenteredEmergencyPreparedness(MrDoHaiDang,Savethe • (Ms HennyDwiVidiarina,CARE Indonesia) forestry: A CaseStudyfromNepal(MrSheshKantaKa Children Vietnam) Pakistan) ﬂ e, ADPC) ﬂ e, ADPC) 77/6/06 11:54:36 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M workshop program

Day 3: Friday, 10 March THEME 3 Partnerships and Networking to Enhance CBDRM: Regional Strategies and Priority Programs of Action 0830-1000 National Networking Initiatives and Opportunities Facilitator: Aloysius Rego • Cambodia Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (Ms Bernie O’Neil, ZOA Cambodia) • Disaster Management Working Group in Vietnam (Ms Pham Tham Hang, UNDP Vietnam) • Networking Among CBDRM/Disaster Practitioners in the Philippines: NGO Perspective (Ms Lorna Victoria, CDP Philippines) • Indonesian Society for Disaster Management (MPBI) (Ms Theresia Wuryantari, MPBI Indonesia) 1000-1030 Tea and Coffee Break 1030-1100 Key Learnings and Plenary Discussion 1100-1140 Regional Networking Initiatives and Opportunities Facilitator: Aloysius Rego • AZEECON Network of the Lutheran World Foundation (Mr David Mueller, LWF Cambodia) • Asian Disaster Risk Reduction Network (Mr Manu Gupta, SEEDS India) 1140-1200 Key Learnings and Plenary Discussion 1200-1300 Lunch 1300-1340 Activities and Measures Undertaken to Strengthen Networking for CBDRM Facilitator: Dr Le Huu Ti • Outcomes of the Joint Meeting of the Four Regional Committees - ACDM, ASOEN-HTTF, MRC, Typhoon Committee (Dr Kai Kim Chiang, ADPC) 1340-1400 Tea and Coffee Break 1400-1600 Establishing a Program of Action to Strengthen Regional Networking for CBDRM Facilitator: Dr Le Huu Ti 1600-1630 Closing of the Workshop 1745 Boat Dinner (Assembly at the Lobby) 7

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8 disaster prevention. the successofsuchprojects. Householdvulnerabilityreductionshould be anationalpriorityfor term affordable loansandsubsidyforreinforcement/improvement ofhouses,isessentialfor loans andsubsidiesforreinforcement ofexistinghouses,andconstruction ofnewhouses.Short through personalsavings,borrowingsandstatesupport. The DIPECHOproject activitiesincluded lost 1%ofitsGDP throughdisasters.Houseconstructioninruralareas isnormally the impactsofdisastersinVietnam andtheirmanagementwaspresented. In2005,Vietnam in centralVietnam, implementedbyDWFandCDCfundedDIPECHO. An overviewof The topicwasexplainedthroughtheexampleofa projecttoreducevulnerabilitynaturaldisasters Thua Thien Hue,Viet Nam Mr. GuillameChantry, DevelopmentWorkshop France(DWF) inVietnam PreventionHow toFinance level: Experience Disaster An atHousehold Reduction Initiatives forDisaster Community Session 1: toSupport Financial Services Stakeholders Other and ofDIPECHO Partners Experiences Reduction: Risk Disaster Based 1: toCommunity Theme Innovative Approaches objectives, outputs,methodologyoftheworkshop. was theMasterofCeremony. The workshopproceededwiththepresentingofaims, Mr. ZubairMurshed,ManagerforCommunity-basedDisasterRiskManagementGroupat ADPC UNESCAP; andMr. JoeChung,SeniorRegionalOf Lao PDR;Mr. RaeKwonChung,Director, EnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentDivision, Hamburger, HeadoftheDelegationEuropeanUnionin Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodiaand Executive Director, Asian Disaster PreparednessCenter(ADPC);HisExcellencyDr. Friedrich The workshopbeganwithkeynoteaddressesfromeminentindividualssuchasDrSuvit Yodmani, CeremonyOpening Day One: Wednesday, 8March 2006 Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning summary ofproceedings ﬁ cer,UNISDR. ﬁ nanced 77/6/06 11:55:32 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M integrating CBDRM into government policy, planning and program imlementation in southeast asia

Financial Services to Support Community Initiatives for Disaster Reduction: Bangladesh Experience Dr. Mohd. Shahadt Hossain Mahmud, Deputy Director, Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. The country has adapted to it with a resilient disaster management culture. To improve disaster management in the country, the Government has adopted a holistic approach that is need based. One of the key programmes under this is the micro credit programme to support small-scale entrepreneurs. The institutional infrastructure has also been set in place and streamlined. There are major challenges in the implementation of the micro-credit programme. Improper selection of beneﬁ ciaries and the income generating schemes, have led to misﬁ ts and failures. There have also been failures in monitoring and follow-ups, leading to misuse of loans and failure in repayments. Greater political commitment and support is required to overcome these failures.

A Road Towards Building Disaster Resilient Communities Ms. Zenaida Delica Willison, Advisor, South-South Cooperation,Regional Center Bangkok, UNDP

The Talumpok Silangan Multipurpose Cooperative(TASIMPCO), a micro-credit cooperative, was formed by a group of 50 villagers, modeled on a successful multipurpose cooperative in a neighboring community. It started of as a scheme at the consumer level, but later expanded to a multi-purpose programme. Women have played a key role in the success of this cooperative, by aptly managing the fi nances of the family. The micro-credit program has helped to improve the resilience of the community to face disasters and emergencies. Though the main target benefi ciaries were the members of the program, non-members were allowed to transact business without dividend and patronage refund. The main challenges facing the program include the collection of payments, competition from nearby stores and the diffi culty in expanding its membership base. The project has provided valuable lessons, which include the need to learn from other success stories, regular training and to start small according to the capacity of the community.

Corporate Sector Role in Disaster Management-Beyond CSR Mr. Rajib Shaw, Kyoto University,Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies

The presentation started with an introduction to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The importance of the private sector’s involvement in social projects with long-term beneﬁ ts was emphasized. CBDRM is one of the areas where the private sector could contribute. This could be in issues of governance, education and technology. The results of a survey of CSR activities by the corporate sector in Mumbai, was also presented. The results showed that 24 % of the interventions were for environment and disaster management related issues.

Micro Credit For Disaster Preparedness At The Community Level Mr. Habibullah Bahar, Director, Manab Mukti Sangstha (MMS), Bangladesh

The Manab Mukti Sangstha (MMS) was established in 1984 as an NGO and has been working in 381 villages in Sirajgonj district of Bangladesh. Their major themes include disaster management, gender and development, agriculture and livestock, primary health care, water and sanitation and income generating activities. Mr. Bahar elaborated a micro-credit program that was implemented by MMS as part of their disaster preparedness programme. The project has resulted in better fl ood preparedness, suffi cient emergency stock, reduced water borne diseases, and secure home- based income sources. They have also ensured the sustainability of the project by integrating it in development planning, creation of a disaster fund, and capacity building of the benefi ciaries. High 9

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1 donors ofthebudgetingproceduresingovernment andthedif NGO’s toadoptunsustainable buteffective shortcutstoavoidthebeaurocracy;ignoranceof achievements ofIIDP in CBDRM weredetailed. The lessonslearntinclude:tendencyamong of theInstitutionalStructureandformulationaDisaster/EmergencyManagementlaw. The to beundertakeninclude:decentralizationofdisaster/emergencyManagement,revitalisation Government Institutionsandlocalgovernment.Forachievingthis,theimmediateenablingsteps clear conceptandstrategy;simpli The keystrategiesforintegratingCBDRMintheLocalGovernmentSystemincludes:a Indonesia Ms. ChandraLukitasari,ExecutiveDirector, IndonesianInstituteforDisasterPreparedness(IIDP), Initiatives Community toSupport System Government Local Strengthening fi challenges facingtheprogrammeinclude:frequentchangeinleadership,politicalcon program intheworkplan,andintegratingsanitationpublicworksriskreduction. The system include:identi framework weredescribed.StrategiestointegrateandsustainCBDRMinthelocalgovernment risk reduction,disasterreliefandpost-disasterrehabilitation. The activitiesunderthisbroad management programmeofPNRCfocusesondisasterpreparedness,capacitybuilding, The PNRCisplayingakeyroleindisastermanagementefforts inthePhilippines. The disaster Ms. EmmelineU.Managbanag,NationalFieldRepresentative,PNRC,Philippines Initiatives’ Community toSupport System Government Local onStrengthening Cross Red Experience National Philippine The Initiatives Community Government Local toSupport Strengthening Session 2: • Marketplace:Sustainableproductsthatmicro • Partnership:Clearlyde • Governance:Legalandregulatoryframeworksmustbeestablished • Education/Awareness: Attitudes andincentivesmustbeputinplace engage • Today, disaster risk in relationtodisasterriskmanagement: The followingkeyfactorswereidenti Discussions Plenary from Conclusions are somekeychallengesfacedbytheproject. staff turnover, lackofpropertransportandcommunicationinfrastructure,fundsknow-how, Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning CBDRM activitieswithinprojects. mechanisms betweengovernmentandNGO’s; andthepresenceofalarge percentageofnon- local governments,createsconfusionamongthe NGO’s; dif concentrate ontheoutcomes,bothapproachesbeing important;non-uniformstructuresbetween within thegovernment;governmentsgivemore importancetoinputsandevents,whileNGO’s governments cooperatebetter, ifnationallevelinstitutionsareinvolved;CBDRMisnotwellknown 0 nances andsecurityissues. fi nancial servicesatthecommunityleveltomakedisasterrisk fi fi cation offocalpersons,supportfortraining,integrationriskreduction nance israrelyaddressedbeforeadisasteroccurs. There isaneedto fi ned partnerrolesmustbedeveloped fi fi ed methodologies;supportandparticipationofNational ed ascontributorytothesuccessofmicro fi nance clientsdemandmustbeoffered fi culties ariseduetodifferent funding fi culty inimplementation;thelocal fi nance moreavailable fi nance programs nance fl icts, 77/6/06 3:04:59 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M integrating CBDRM into government policy, planning and program imlementation in southeast asia

Safer Community Plans: Integrating Risk Reduction into Local Development Planning Ms Kathleen McLaughlin, CECI Vietnam

Three projects were highlighted in this presentation on Safer Community Plans (SCP): Capacity- building for Adaptation to Climate Change project covering 1000 households in 9 villages; Water Disaster Risk Reduction project in Danang and Binh Dinh for 6000 households in 67 villages; and a project for Enhancing Human Security and the Environment through Disaster Management covering 1200 households in 19 villages. The strategy for a Safer Community Plan involves: vulnerability reduction, mainstreaming risk reduction and capacity-building of local government and villagers. The methodology for achieving a SCP includes: situation assessment, developing emergency response/disaster preparedness, infrastructure development, mobilising social organisations and identifying their training needs, and developing Safer Production Plans. The strategies for funding, and capacity building were also explained. The challenges include: institutionalizing the bottom-up planning process, funding, application of skills after the end of project and a long-term perspective for livelihood adaptation. Future work would aim at scaling-up the project, mainstreaming disaster mitigation, strengthening participatory approach and capacity development through implementation

Capacity Building in Flood Preparedness Planning at Provincial and District Levels Ms Hnin New Win and Mr Aslam Perwaiz, ADPC

This presentation was on the Flood Management and Mitigation Program (FMMP, jointly implemented by MRC and ADPC in Cambodia, Lao and Vietnam. It consisted of 2 projects: “Flood Emergency Management Strengthening” carried out in Cambodia and Vietnam, and the “Capacity Building Project Phase II” in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. The objectives, partners, project outreach, activities and achievements were mentioned. The challenges being faced include: limited resources, too many unsustainable projects, diffi culties in mainstreaming DM and delays in implementation. The lessons learnt include: need for country specifi c programs, need for greater collaboration and information sharing between partners, fl exibility in approaches and the need to utilize local capacity. The future plans include: fi nalization and implementation of the FP plan, capacity building of DM offi cers, sharing the FP plan with other NGO´s and assist in replicating the project in other areas.

Local Government Capacity Building Initiatives: CDP Philippines Experience Ms Lorna P. Victoria, Center for Disaster Preparedness, Philippines

The presentation introduced the disaster management activities of the Center for Disaster Preparedness in the Philippines. It uses a multi-level disaster management system, partnering with communities, NGOs and the government. Recent activities include capacity building activities and a study on non-structural disaster prevention measures in the Province of Camiguin. The lessons learned through their activities were mentioned. The importance of a participatory, holistic and integrated approach and the need to promote good governance and accountability was emphasised.

Managing Climate-Related Risks in Agriculture: The Climate Field School Initiative Ms Lolita Bildan, ADPC

The presentation outlined the climate risk management intervention carried out in Indramayu in West Java, through the Climate Field School (CFS) initiative. Historical trends of rice production loss in Indramayu, due to ﬂ oods and droughts were presented. The delays due to the long, centralized channels of communication for climate information were highlighted. An alternate end-to-end climate information generation and application system and its supporting institutional 11

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1 policies andactions. The projecthastaughttheimportance ofusingacombinationsimple,low training. The Governmentissupportingthisprogram throughbudgetarysupportandenabling this systemeffective. This has beenbackedupbyproperprotocols,implementation plansand GIS, andsimpleequipments. Communitybasedapproacheshavebeen employedtomake system. The systememploysamixofsophisticatedtechnologies,like remotesensingand Kalimantan, Indonesia,throughimplementinga communitylevelinformationandearlywarning The SIAP projectdealswithdisasterriskreductionforpeatlandareas inCentralandEast Ms. HennyDwiVidiarina,CARE Indonesia System Warning &Early Level Information Community systems aresomeobstaclesinthesmoothfunctioning oftheDEWS. rainfall databetweenstations.Lackofproperly trained volunteersandimpropercommunication where droughtislikelytooccur, updatemapsshowingdroughtstatusandintercomparisonof services providedbyDEWSincludetrendmappingofrainfallpatterns,highlightinghotspots, Secretariat, andthealertssuggestionsarerelayedbacktocommunitybyDRM. The relaying ofdatatothePCDM,whomaintainscentraldatabase. The dataisanalyzedatthePCDM include raingaugesinstalledineachcommune,regularmonitoringofrainfallbyvolunteersand their villages,andareunawareofproperagriculturalpractices. The keyelementsoftheDEWS pattern andlackofproperirrigationsystemhashadanegativeimpactonagriculture,farfrom in partnershipwiththeProvincialCommitteeforDisasterManagement(PCDM). An erraticrainfall The DroughtEarlysystem(DEWS)wasestablishedinOddarMeancheyprovinceCambodia, Ms BernieO’Neill,ZOA,Cambodia System Warning Early Drought Meanchey: in Oddar ofDrought impact the Reducing of theEWSinothercommunitiesandcoordinationcollaborationwithstakeholders coordination amongtheauthorities.Futurechallengesinclude:improvementofEWS,replication and themanagementofrisk.Ithasalsoresultedinbetterparticipationfromcommunity funded byDipECHO,MRCand ACF. The projecthasimprovedthe Cham) andtheCambodiaRedCross(CRCPhnomPenhPRCKampongCham).Itwas included theCommitteeofDisasterManagement(NCDMPhnomPenhandPCDMKampong Cross Volunteers (RCV)networkandundertookcapacitybuildingactivities. The projectpartners information managementand of theprojectweredevelopmentlocaldisastermanagementstructuresandplanning, fl Cham ProvinceofCambodia,since1998. The objectivewastoreducetheregionsvulnerability The presentationdetails4 Ms. SandrineRoussy, ACF Cambodia Cham Province, Cambodia Project-Kampong Flood Preparedness Level Warning System andEarly Community Session 3: Information system andthesuccessachievedinexpandingprogrammewasmentioned. and contentwerealsopresented. The stepstakentoinstitutionalizeCFSinthelocalGovernment institutionalize knowledgeapplicationsinfarmingoperations.Detailsofthetrainingmethodology of climateanduseinformation. The 2ndphase,lasting8plantingseasons,aimedto The building wasdonemainlythroughlearningbydoingmethods.Itimplementedin2phases. and providedlearningexperiencesfortheforecastinformationgenerationcommunity. Capacity information. Ithelpedtobuildthecapacityoflocalgovernmentandfarmingcommunity framework, wasillustrated. The CFSwasimplementedin2003tofacilitatecommunicationofclimate Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2 oods fromtheMekongriverbybuildingupcapacityofstakeholders. The 3maincomponents fi rst phase,lasting2plantingseasons,concentratedonenhancing thefarmers’ knowledge fl ood preparednessprojectsthat ACF implemented intheKampong fl ood earlywarningsystem.ForthispurposetheysetupaRed fl ood informationsystem fl ood 77/6/06 3:05:00 PM / 6 / 0 6

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cost technologies, along with high technology. The importance of community participation and appropriate training, was also highlighted.

Day Two: Thursday, 9 March 2006

Session 4: Other Innovative Experiences in CBDRM

Fostering Disaster - Resilient Communities in Disaster Prone Areas A.Karim Nayani, Executive Ofﬁ cer, FHA, Pakistan

The CBDRM project in Pakistan is based on the fact that ‘Communities are the ﬁ rst and the most effective responders to a disaster’. The main objective of the CBDRM project is to enhance target communities ability to help each other to survive and cope during and after a disaster. The strategies used to accomplish this objective includes awareness training to local community, technical training to specialized group of volunteers in the community, establishing and training a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) and providing stockpiles of essential survival items on need/ emergency basis. As of December 2005, the CBDRM project has trained 25,020 volunteers and provided 77 community/ regional stockpiles in 124 clusters. The key challenges faced in the government level are a lack of proper agency for disaster risk management. The civil society has to foster CBDRM at the village, union and district level. Sustainability of the CERTs, volunteer management, lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure are some of the key issues in the community level. Advocating mainstreaming of DRM, capacity building through replication of CBDRM model, information sharing, recognition of trained volunteers, as the ﬁ rst responders are some recommendations suggested.

Capacity Building On Child-Focused Disaster Risk Management Do Hai Dang, Save the Children, Vietnam

About 70 % of causalities during disasters are children, but children speciﬁ c issues are not well addressed in the normal DRM plans. The International Convention on the rights of the child, adopted by the UN in 1989, has 4 groups of rights for the children: rights to survival, development, protection and participation. Vietnam is the 2nd country to ratify this convention. ‘Save the Children’ is executing this project in Vietnam with the objective to improve and implement community-based and child-focused annual disaster preparedness and response plans. This is being done through a strategy comprising: research, capacity building, direct support and advocacy. This project ensures that children’s rights are mainstreamed into the process of DRM (planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation). For such a project to succeed, support and cooperation from all the stakeholders is crucial. Lack of funding, sense of ownership, quality of the trainers, slow progress of the project and adapting to new concepts of children’s participation, are some of the challenges. For the success of the project, better training and advocacy and greater participation of children and the government in this process, is recommended.

Session 5: CBDRM: What Didn’t Work? Key Issues, Challenges and Recommendations

Challenge in Working with Communities in Urban Areas (ACF Experience in Kampung Melayu) Ms Henny Dwi Vidiarina, CARE Indonesia

The project area is a densely populated urban slum, frequently affected by ﬂ ooding. The one-year project in 2003-04 period had the objective of vulnerability reduction of the people to ﬂ oods and capacity building for disaster preparedness. Baseline and KAP reports were prepared. The HVCA 13

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1 Plans onCBDRM. implementation werethen detailedthroughtheexampleofCambodian NationalStrategic economic processandothersupportingactivities. The activitiesunder eachareaandtheir tools foraRegionalFrameworkonCBDRM,the processofintegratingCBDRMintothesocio- through thispresentation. The mainareasofworkincludethedevelopment of The ADPC project onIntegratingCBDRMintoSocial-EconomicDevelopmentwasintroduced Mr. ZubairMurshed, ADPC Planning forCBDRM Action Collaborative Strategic National Process CBDRM Integrating SocialandEconomicSession Development intothe 6: Development Process Economic and Social CBDRM intothe Integrating 2: THEME • Other issues: Sustainabilitywhichnecessitatesmobilizationoflocalresourcestosupportprograms, avoid • Donor-drivenprogramsthatareshorttermedprojects/commitment, visibility/highprojection-type • Awareness ofgovernment/policymakersontherolecommunitiesindisasterriskreduction • LackoflegalframeworkCBDRMandappreciationpolicymakers foritsimplementation • UnderstandingCBDRMconceptsandmethodologieswithregardstoitsapplicability/ • Raised Issues/Points Common Participants weredividedintogroupstodiscussissueson“CBDRM:WhatDidn’tWork?” WorkGroup for CBDRM. planning; political,technicaland underlying causesofvulnerabilityhastobeaddressedbyintegratingCBDRMintodevelopment the communityandlackofintegrationDMdevelopmentplanning. The lessonslearntare:the this isthelackofcapacityamongimplementingorganizations,relieforientedattitudeswithin community levelandthedependstoomuchongovernmentinitiatives. The reasonfor has alsoincreased.Onthenegativeside,projectnotbeenabletosustainitselfat groups, leadersandLurah,madethemeagertoknowmore. The capacityofthe ACF staff matrix for18groupsisalsoready. The activitieshavespreadawarenessamongthecommunity Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 4 Selecting acommunity - No focal personforspeci - Lackofwomen’s participationandawarenessofothervulnerable groups(otherdifferently - depending onexternaldonors,developappropriatephaseoutstrategies,andownership. and transparency. of projects,unclearphasingoutstrategies,andissuesonfundingmechanisms,accountability between projectstaff and government people. (DRR) contributingtolackofcommunityparticipation/involvement.Lackcoordination from governmentlineagencies. factors aregovernmentbureaucracysuchaschangesofleadershipandlackpoliticalwill formulation andenforcement,noorleastpriorityforfundallocations. Also, hindering which resultstoabsenceoflaws,orifexisting,different interpretationofthelaw, lackofpolicies, paradigm shifting,stagingandmainstreamingprocess. approaches, roleofdifferent stakeholders,integrationintosustainabledevelopmentplanning, able people) fi c program(staf fi nancial supportrequiredforalong-termmulti-hazardapproach fi ng, multitaskingproblem) 77/6/06 3:05:01 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Governmental Capacities to Implement CBDRM Mr. Aman Mehta, ADPC

The preliminary ﬁ ndings of the study of the capacity of disaster preparedness institutions in South East Asia were presented. National level researchers carried out baseline information collection in Lao PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Timor Leste. The study covered a single province each in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam, and 4 provinces in Timor Leste. Based on the baseline information, a brief national level assessment was done. All 4 countries suffered from inadequate capacity in terms of human resources, ﬁ nancial resources, technical skills and material resources. There was also a shortage of transportation and communication equipment. The DM institutional structure at the provincial and district level was found to be well conceived in Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao PDR. Suggestions to improve the study methodology were also mentioned.

Critical Guidelines of CBDRM Mr. Zubair Murshed, ADPC

The Critical Guidelines of CBDRM informs decision makers on the minimum requirements for good practices and helps in project planning, design, evaluation, impact assessment, advocacy and policy formulation. The rationale, process followed in development and the target users of the guideline were mentioned. The process and outcome indicators of CBDRM were then described. The presentation then focused on the guidelines for achieving one of the key outcome indicators of CBDRM: the Community Based Organization (CBO).

CBDRM Curriculum for Local Authorities Mr. Shesh Kante Kaﬂ e, ADPC

The CBDRM Curriculum for Local Authorities, prepared by ADPC, was introduced through this presentation. The objective was to build capacity of the local government ofﬁ cials and to speed up the process of integrating CBDRM into local governance. The methodology used for making the curricula, and the contents, was detailed. Future steps include the adaptation and endorsement of the curriculum by local authorities and building up a strategic plan for implementation

Mapping Good Practices: Regional Database on CBDRM Ms Vicky Diopenes, ADPC

The CBDRM Database is an effective tool to organize information for effective decision-making. It is web-based and can be accessed at http://www.adpc.net/pdrsea/. It comprises of eight themes: good practices and tools, Community-based early warning systems, Structural mitigation measures, Academic and training courses,Experts ,Organizations,Programs and projects, Policies, legislation, Plans and institutional arrangements. At present the database has 300 records. The procedure for accessing and using the database was also mentioned

Mobilizing and Orienting the Media for CBDRM Ms Vicky Diopenes, ADPC

The potential role of Media in CBDRM was highlighted through this presentation. The media through its activities could contribute to greater awareness and promotion of disaster risk, early warning, preparedness and relief. The PDRSEA strategy for media included one day workshops in target countries (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Indonesia, Timor Leste and Vietnam) and preparation of media kit on CBDRM. The details of the national workshops and the contents of the media kit were then presented. Future plans include the development of an intensive course on “CBDRM and the Media” and integrate and emphasize the role of media in CBDRM in future training programs organized by the media. 15

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1 Increase capacityandparticipationofthebusinesssector andscienti • Synchronize developmentprogramwithriskreduction • Integrate CBDRMinthedevelopmentplanandnationalpolicy • Recommended Optionsatthenationalandsub-regional level. InstitutionalizingCBDRMinalllevelsof thegovernmentandconsequentlyfacilitate • Conduct nationalconsultationsinvolvingparticipatoryplanningprocess. • Options: Policy/Strategy Legalframeworkforlaws,regulations,politicalcommitmentand • ApplicationandmonitoringoftheHyogoFramework Action Planspercountry. • Institutionalcapacitybuildingforthegovernmentbothinnationalandlocallevels. • Elements: Key Strategy Considerlocalcharacteristics. • PlanningProcessshouldbebottom-upapproach. • Continuinginvolvementofgovernmentatalllevels indialogue,educationandtraining. • InclusionoftheLGOinplanningprocess • Key Elements: Policy recommend tofacilitateintegrationofCBDRMinsocio-economicdevelopmentprocess? of CBDRMintothesocio-economicprocess?Whatotherpolicyorstrategyelementswouldyou What policyandstrategyelementsdoyou Raised Issues/Points Common Dissemination andExpansionofCBDRM Participants weredividedintogroupstodiscussPolicyandStrategyOptionsfortheEffective WorkGroup ofCBDRMExpansion Session 7: and Dissemination Policy Effective forthe Options andStrategy for thecommunities. small scalewithlimitedcoverage.Lackofself-relianceandpublicparticipation,arekeychallenges dike constructionandmaintenance.SinceCBDRMisanewconcept,theactivitiesarestillon up ofcommunitybasedkindergartensandencouragingparticipationmembersin control throughoutthecountry, establishingresettlementclustersfor activities carriedoutforpromotingCBDRMinclude:settingupofcommittees framework andtheintegrationofCBDRMactivitiesintoVietnams nationalstrategicplans. The strategy employedfordisastermitigationinvolvedsettingupofthebasiclegalandinstitutional Vietnam isaffected by The presentationstartedwithashortintroductiontoVietnam anddisastertrendsinthecountry. Mr. DangQuang TinhDirector, DMC,Vietnam ofIntegration CBDRM into Vietnam’ Strategy National Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning into developmentprocess On thebasisofabove,identifypolicyandstrategy optionsfortheintegrationofCBDRM Participationandcapabilitybuildingofallstakeholders • IntegratingCBDRMindevelopmentplan,socio-economic/nationalpovertyreductionstrategy. • 6 community todoCBDRM. mobilization orallocationfromnationalbudgetfordisasterriskreduction. fl oods, typhoons,drought,landslide,stormsurgesand fi nd signi fi cant intheworkofPDRSEA3onintegration fl ood affected families,setting fi nnil support/resource nancial fi c research c fl ash fl ood andstorm fl oods. The oods. 77/6/06 3:05:01 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Day Three: Friday, 10 March 2006

Theme 3: Partnerships and Networking to Enhance CBDRM: Regional Strategies and Priority Programs of Action

Session 9: National Networking Initiatives and Opportunities

The Cambodian Disaster Risk Reduction (CDRR) Forum Ms Bernie O,Neil,, ZOA, Cambodia

The CDRR forum was formed in 2005 in Cambodia by Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) agencies, supported by DIPECHO. The main objectives of the forum were knowledge sharing and coordination among DRR practitioners in Cambodia. The promotion of CBDRM has been a main focus of the forum. 4 meetings have been held since its inception and the membership has been increasing steadily. The main challenges facing the forum are funding and the formation of a cohesive, productive group.

Disaster Management Working Group in Viet Nam (DMWG) Ms Pham Tham Hang, UNDP, Vietnam

The DMWG was initiated by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Its primary objective was to coordinate emergency relief during the historical 1999 ﬂ oods in 7 Central provinces. It also helped in networking of the key national agencies in emergency relief. It later shifted focus from relief to long-term DRM practices. The work done by the DMWG with CBDRM includes a Joint Assessment (JA) of disaster damages and needs, training of the JA members, translating the Sphere Handbook, research on gender mainstreaming in DRM actions and policy advocacy. The key achievements of the DMWG include several CBDRM initiatives, successful awareness building on CBDRM and mainstreaming CBDRM in development planning. The lessons learnt include the need for coherent messages/practices in CBDRM initiatives and the need for commitments and contribution by agencies/individuals. The challenges include the need for capacity building on CBDRM, improved national participation, stronger policy advocacy, better partnerships, institutionalization and promotion of CBDRM, and coordination between the DMWG and the NDM-P (Natural Disaster Mitigation Partnership).

Networking for CBDRM among DM Practitioners in the Phillipines-NGO Perspective Ms. Lorna P.Victoria, Centre for Disaster Preparedness (CDP), Philippines

An overview of disaster management activities in Philippines and the role of NGO’s was described. The Centre for Disaster Preparedness was formed with the objective to mainstream CBDRM through training, consultancies, research, networking and advocacy. The CDP spearheaded the formation of the Philippines Disaster Management Forum and have organized many workshops and meetings on CBDRM. It also has been advocating an alternative Disaster Management Bill. The lessons learned include: need for participatory, and integrated approach; need for better coordination among the different actors; importance of legislative advocacy work; ensure sustainability of the CBDRM networks; there should be a network of trainers in CBDRM, as a sub- group among DM practitioners.

National Networking Initiatives and Opportunities in Indonesia Ms Theresia Wuryantari, Indonesian Society for Disaster Management (MPBI), Indonesia

The society was formed in 2001 and currently has 150 members, of whom 50 are active. The objectives were: creating a safe and prosperous community by promoting disaster management; 17

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1 8 and including2observers.Speci participants attendedthemeeting,representing the 4committees, ASEAN Secretariat,MRC to enablebettercoordinationandintegrationof theiractivitiesinDRMSouthEast Asia. 11 Disaster ManagementPractitioners’ Workshop inSouthEast Asia in2004. The objectivewas (ACDM, ASOEN-HTTF, UNESCAP/WMO, Typhoon CommitteeandtheMRC)during3rd This presentationsummarizedtheinformaldiscussionsheldbetweenfourcommittees Dr KaiKimChiang, ADPC Four Committees ofthe Regional JointMeeting ofthe Outcomes CBDRM Session 11: for Networking toStrengthen andMeasures Undertaken Activities sharing amongthedifferent countryprogrammeswashighlighted. of afocalperson,andsustaininganinterestamongthemembers. The importanceofknowledge the 4countrieswaspresented. The challengesfacing AZEECON includeshortageoffunds, lack and preparednessenvironmentalmanagement. An overviewoftheactivities AZEECON in AZEECON isprimarilyinvolvedincapacitybuildingoflocalcommunitiesfordisastermanagement network oftheLutheranWorld Federation,operatinginCambodia,Bangladesh,IndiaandNepal. The Asia ZoneEmergencyandEnvironmentNetwork(AZEECON)isaninformal,voluntary, Mr. DavidMueller, LWF, Cambodia AZ principles andstandards;buildingaroadmapforthenetwork. network, gainingrecognition&acceptancebyotherstakeholders;settingcommonlyacceptable activities carriedoutbythenetworkwerealsopresented. The challengesinclude:sustainingthe concerns withtheglobalnetworkofNGO’s; andpromotionofbestpracticesstandards. The The objectivesare:sharingofinformationandcapacitybuildingtheNGO’s; raisetherelevant formed inFebruary2002andnowhasamembershipof28NGO’s from15 Asian countries. The presentationstartedwithanexplanationontheneedsfornetwork. The networkwas Mr. ManuGupta, Asian DisasterReduction&ResponseNetwork(ADRRN),SEEDSIndia Network &Response Reduction Disaster Asian The Session 10: Regional Networking private sector;andlimitedtimehumanresources. perspectives amongmembersandpartners;needtooutreachotherpartnerslikemedia of adraftdisastermanagementbill. The challengesinclude:knowledgegaps;difference in in Aceh; formulatingguidelinesandmodelsforDM;facilitatingtheformulationanalysis through trainingsandworkshops;providingcommunitybasedshelterfortheaffected population The mainactivitiescarriedoutinclude:awarenessanddisseminationactivities;capacitybuilding and creatingprofessionalpartnershipswithstakeholderstoimplementdisastermanagement. Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning committees, ADPC, andUNESCAP Joint MeetingsunderPDRSEA 2&3. To facilitateinteraction,focalpoints were identi (ACDM), HazeOnline(HTTF), CBDRM(ADPC)andonebeingdeveloped by TC) andthrough2 to shareinformationthroughtheirwebsites, theirdisastermanagementdatabases(OSADI building on“DisasterRisk Assessment” and“DisasterImpact Assessment”. The committeesagreed would coordinatetheCBDRMactivities. ADPC andUNESCAP agreedtotaketheleadincapacity Flood EmergencyResponse(ARDEX-06),andthe ASEAN secretariatagreedtofacilitateit. ADPC invited the Typhoon Committeeandthe MRCtoparticipateinitsJointSimulationExerciseon EECON Network of the Lutheran World Foundation World Lutheran ofthe EECON Network fi c areasandactivitieswereidenti Initiatives andOpportunities fi ed forcollaboration. ACDM fi ed forthe 77/6/06 3:06:27 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Session 12: Establishing a Program of Action to Strengthen Regional Networking for CBDRM

Group Work: Regional Networking for CBDRM: Priority Program of Action

Common Issues/Points Raised

On Importance of National & Regional Networking There is a need to share experience, expertise, information. It also involves joint efforts of different actors such as government, non-government, business sectors, media, civil society, donors, and communities.

On Networking in CBDRM It requires policy and strategy on a common framework and platform and strong advocacy, secondly, ensure its implementation for common tools/ materials, coordination (avoid overlap) and sharing information/experiences/ technology and resources.

On Strengthening & Key Elements for Network • Common interest and direction • Commitment and participation (joint effort) and sharing of experiences and expertise • Projection (visibility/PR) • Inclusiveness (multi-stakeholders) • Regular meetings and cross visit • Funding

regional network

individual national group at national nework level

groups (local, national, individual international)

1. Type of Network - Platform - Professional’s Association 2. Scope Of Network - Advocacy - Practical 3. Member Of Network - Individual - Groups 4. Beneﬁ ts of Network - For members

On Implementation Strategy • Founders meeting • Criteria for representation in the regional network • National networking policy formulation and implementation • Implementation of government policies 19

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Innovative Approaches to Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction: Experiences of DIPECHO Partners and Other Stakeholders

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2 3 Micro Mr Guillame Chantry An InnovativeApproach inVietnam How toFinanceDisasterPrevention DWF Vietnam fi nance andDisasterPreparedness: Preventive actiontostrengthen communityand strengthening. preventive How? Through dif and onethatcanbeaddressedwithoutgreat This levelofvulnerabilityisbothunnecessary building detailshavebeenneglected. This weaknessislargelybecausestormresistant resistance totheeffects of not beenmatchedbyaparallelincreaseintheir Regrettably, thisinvestment innewhomeshas replace previousthatchandbamboohouses. some 80%ofruralhousingoverrecentyearsto scale ruralinfrastructure.Familieshaverebuilt in privateexpenditurehousingandsmall- decade, atangiblechangehasbeentheincrease In effect, amongstthemany changesinthepast and caused bytheannualroundofstorms,typhoons is frequentlyeradicatedbythedestruction improvement infamilyandcommuneconditions and regionaldevelopment.Buttheoften-tenuous improvement offamilyeconomiesisvitalforlocal stable andbetterlivingconditions.Inturn,the families andthecommunityaretoachievemore moneterised. This growth andchangeisvitalif families, andmanyactivitiesareincreasingly reforms havehadalargelypositiveeffect onmany O fi culty. fl emerging fromyearsofpoverty. Economic ver thepastdecade,Vietnam hasbeen ooding. at HouseholdLevel? fl oods andstorms. papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:18:43 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 24 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 24 3 4 _ M positive signofcommitment,ithasalsocreated in strengtheningtheirhome.Whilstthiswasa turned tolocalmoneylendersinorderengage has becomeclearthatpoorerfamiliesactually the cashparticipationfromfamily. Butit outset DWFprovidedasubsidycombinedwith For strengtheningexistinghousing,atthe small publicfacilitiesaheadofthenextstorm. and thedemonstrationofreinforcinghousing community animationactivities,throughtraining the populationanddecisionmakers,through the levelof‘preventionawareness’ amongboth - centralVietnam -since1999,inordertoraise implemented projectsin Thua Thien HueProvince Development Workshop France(DWF)has do itthemselves. vulnerability, andfamiliescommunitiescan manner ofreducingeconomicandmaterial domestic buildingsisaneffective andcostef An exampleofaninitialloan Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2 0 S 3 S 0UD10UD7.5 USD 114 130 USD 000 Dgs 0,3 % 40 USD 18 2 000 000 Dgs 130 USD 600 000 Dgs 2 000 000 Dgs USD 300 4 600 000 Dgs

(data basedondamage in2005). up to3millionsVNDongs foradestroyedhouse,and1millionsVNDongs fordamagedhouse In caseofnaturaldisaster ( millions). subsidy from7or15millionsDongsnational authorities(withacontributionoffamily5-10 Since 2003-4,animportantprogrammeoftemporary houseseradicationhasbeenlaunched,with doors andwindow, poor often liveinaun a lackofavailablefunds,andalsototheawareness aboutresistancetostorms,thefamily A typicalhouse (5x7mand2x7mveranda)costsabout15-20millionsVNDongstobuild.Due years (average5)beforestartingtheconstructionoftheirnewhouse. In Thua Thien Hue,familieshavetosavemoney-incashorbuildingmaterials-duringseveral improvement ordelivery. for 10-15yearstopurchaseapartment),nothingexistsinruralareascontributehousing If somecreditschemesexistintheformalsectorurbanareas(exampleforcivilservants,loan Housing

2 4 oto ok W usd aiycnrbto credit contribution family subsidy DWF ofworks cost fi nancing inruralareas fi nished houseandthusininsecureconditions(commonly, nowallplaster, no fi xing oftheroofcovering). fl ood, cyclones)thefamilycould receive,assupportfromauthorities, fi cient of loansdisbursedhavetotalled50000USD: Until December2005,thenumberandamount the Farmers’ Union). Committee (mainlywithWomen’s Unionorwith level bytheCommuneDamagePrevention organised, managed,anddevelopedatcommune extended to6communes. The creditschemeis Thien HueProvince. This systemwasthen reinforcement works,in4communesof Thua families, combinedwithapartialsubsidyof In 2002DWFstartedacreditsystemforthe up to20%monthlyinterest. of interestexactedbyinformallenders,charging pressure onsomefamiliesbecauseofhighrates revolving fund Loan from project form loan Initial (months) 095 000 000 VN Dongs 695 000 000 VN Dongs 50 380 Families Amount of loans ofloans Amount Families duration interest month) (by (by month) repayment 77/6/06 1:18:43 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 25 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 3 4 _ M • extreme creditmanagementproblemsatCommune • where peoplehavehaddif - althoughtherehavebeensomespeci innovative approachandthesituationoffamilies and successful-takingintoconsiderationthe more, albeitwithsomedelaysinmanycases), The repaymentlevelhasbeengood(80%and enable thesefamiliestostrengthentheirhomes. helped, asubsidywillgoonbeingneededto poorer andmostvulnerablefamilieshavebeen commune itisgenerallyconsideredthatuntilthe amount ofreinforcementworks.Inatypicalpoor the levelofsubsidyto2/3-withcredit1/3 In 2005,someCommunesdecidedtoincrease a creditsystemforthoseinmostneed,which Future projectsneedtocontinuedemonstrate put theirownmoneyintoachievingthis. income generationcapacity, andarepreparedto make theconnectionbetweenasafehouseand key componentineconomicsecurity. Families reduction ofvulnerabilitydoindeedrepresenta recognise thatthesafetyofhousesand to incomegeneration,becausefamilies though thisdoesnothaveadirectconnection affordable loansforhouse strengtheningeven It hasdemonstratedthatpeoplerepayshortterm contributed toarealprogressamongstfamilies. The creditsystemforhousingreinforcementhas 2

2 level; some families. 5 fi nnil dif nancial fi culties inthecaseof fi culties dueto: fi c cases c Average familyincome:30USDbymonth-January20061 ECHO-DIPECHO(EuropeanCommission) 2003-2006 - CIDA (CanadianInternationalDevelopment Agency), - Projects fundedby towards sustainabledisasterreduction. local andnationalinstitutionsareacriticalstep actions, success ofpreventivestrengtheningandsimilar their liveslessvulnerable.Forthelongterm homes moredisasterresistantandthroughthis, prepared toinvestseriouslyinmakingtheir the programmehasshownthatfamiliesare written intotheloansystemaswell),butsofar with lowsubsidy, (takingaccountofsubsidies The targetistoachieveloanratesup80% from organisationlikeDWandadonoragency). strengthening andimprovement-withguarantees an expandedprogrammeofloansforhousing now expresseditsinterestinpartiallyfunding for Agriculture andRuralDevelopmenthas and concentrateonlifeassurance. The Bank of insurancemechanismsisnewinVietnam, banking andinsurancesystem. The development been discussedbyrepresentativesofthe micro Reduction (12October2005/Campaignon occasion oftheInternationalDayforDisaster workshop organisedbyDWFinHueonthe to makecreditavailable.Duringaroundtable can inturnencourageotherdonorsandbanks USD =15900VNDongs Vietnam) 2000-2002 Alternatives(Canada) andFACV (Fondationd’AideCanada- fi nance anddisaster),thissituationhas fi nancial mechanismssupportedby papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:18:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Government of the People’s Republic

2 Deputy Director, Directorate of Relief Dr Mohd. Shahadt Hossain Mahmud 6 Financial ServicestoSupportCommunity and Rehabilitation and of Bangladesh of Initiatives forDisasterReduction: approach emphasizing risk reduction.Butthe disaster managementefforts towardsaholistic at alllevelsandtheGovernment isexpandingits efforts oftheGovernmentandotherstakeholders continues tostrengthenthroughdetermined has aresilientdisastermanagementculturethat economy andlivelihood.Fortunately, Bangladesh transportation, industries,non-farmactivities, damages toitsinfrastructures,agriculture, fl an agro-basedcountry, is bene occurring therequitefrequently. Bangladesh,as the naturalcalamities, livelihoods andtheeconomy. However, among and leavingprolongeddamagetoqualityoflife, tornado etccausingmorethan500,000deaths drought, almost 200disastereventssuchasrivererosion, independence in1971,thecountryhasendured since historicalpast.Itisrecordedthat types ofnaturalcalamitiesmorethanitsshare this countryhasbeenexperiencingvarious prone countriesintheworld. Accordingly, one ofthedenselypopulatedandmostdisaster- topography, thiscountryisalsocharacterizedas Owing toexceptionalgeographicallocationand the Ganges,BrahmaputraandMeghna. left behindbythreegiganticriversystemviz world formedbythedepositsofmudandsand Bangladesh isthelargestdeltaicislandin Introduction oods whileabnormal Bangladesh Experience fl ood, stormsurges,cycloneand fl ood andrivererosionare fl ood causesenormous fi ted bynormal 77/6/06 1:18:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 27 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 3 4 _ M of thoseproblemsstarted enhancedrelief being wellawareoftheunyielding consequences every year. It isclearlyevidentthattheGoB, people usuallyfacetremendoussufferings almost vulnerable districtsofBangladesh,wherehuge problems areviolentlyperceivedinecologically in Bangladesh.But,themagnitudesofthose and commonproblemsforthepeopleliving drought, cycloneandtornadoareveryold Natural calamitiessuchas Programmes forDPEstablished? Why andHow Micro-credit the of thedisasteraffected people. technical assistanceforreliefandrehabilitation after suchdisastersbyprovidingresourcesand can playanimportantrolebefore,duringand multilateral donors,aswellthecivilsociety reasonably assumethatNGOs,bilateraland among theseverelyaffected people.We can magnitude ofpovertyareexpandingalarmingly to naturalcalamityeveryyearthescopeand is revealedfromdifferent study reportsthatdue the naturaldisasteraffected people.Further, it sustainable developmentinthelivelihoodof by theGoBareseemedfutiletoaccomplish based povertyreductioninitiativesadopted Programme. Butunfortunatelyallthesaidrelief under Vulnerable GroupDevelopment (VGD) disaster inadditiontothenormalallocation among thevulnerablepeopleaffected bynatural Vulnerable GroupFeeding(VGF)Programme Building Grant(HBG)andFood Assistance under and moneyasGratuitousRelief(GR),House uses todistributehugeamountoffoodgrains through variousinitiatives.Forinstances,GoB reduction, GoBistryingtoaddressthisproblem of fact,followingthecentralthrustpoverty Government ofBangladesh(GoB). As amatter by naturaldisasterisavitalconcernofthe The vulnerablestateofthepeopleaffected of 747humanbeings. properties valuedUSD6.6billionandlostlives the livelihoodof3.8millionpeople;damaged and 2004. The latestoneseverelyaffected four devastating and duringlast16yearsthiscountryexperienced ﬂ alarming factisthat,incidenceofdevastating oods hasincreasedthereovertherecentyears 2

2 7 fl oods in1987,1988,1998 fl ood, rivererosion, bene taka asmicrocreditwasreleasedamong61,298 reduction fund.Outofthesaidfund,475million 2005), allocated750milliontakaasnaturalrisk previous annualbudget( and acceptedlevel.Withthisend,GoB,inthe and human-inducedhazardstoamanageable poor totheeffects ofnatural, environmental programme forreducingvulnerabilitiesofthe Owing tothisGoB,hasadoptedamicro-credit opportunity intheaffected areas. creation ofincomegeneratingemployment of theircopingmechanismcapacityaswell people maybesolvedthroughdevelopment the increasingsufferings of thedisasteraffected to getridofthem,theyhavealsooutlinedthat major consequencesandprobableprospects is adopted. Analyzing theextentofproblems,their and multidimensionalproblemsolvingapproach sustainable mannerifaneedbased,integrated problems willbeautomaticallyaddressedina to naturaldisastershaverecognizedthatthese managers arewellawareoftheproblemsrelating researchers, policymakersanddevelopment establishing thereapermanentsolution. As the say, alltheseinitiativesareprovedineffective in the responseofnaturaldisasters.Butsorryto General Assembly tonationalgovernmentsin central roleaccordedbytheUnitedNations the GoB’s efforts, consideringtheprimaryand affected people. These activitiescomplement areas toalleviatethesufferings ofdisaster various programmesinnaturaldisaster-prone and internationallevelshavealsoextended NGOs andvoluntaryorganizationsofnational In additiontoGoBsinterventions,theleading operation inthenaturaldisaster-proneareas. affected people. poverty-stricken areasfor distributingamongthe under theprocessofdisbursementinfavour for ReductionofSeasonalUnemploymentis Risk ReductionFundwhilethefundallocated credit amongtheaffected peopleunderNatural of disaster-proneareasfordistributingasmicro million takahasalreadybeendisbursedinfavour stricken areas.Outofthesaidamount,645 of seasonalunemploymentthemostpoverty- and another500milliontakaforthereduction allocated 750milliontakaunderthisprogramme in thecurrent2005-2006 fi ciariesagainsttheirspeci fi scal year, hasfurther fi sa ya: 2004- year: scal fi cschemes.GoB, papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:18:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 28 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 28 3 4 _ M Scheme onNursery/Smallgardenoffruits; • SchemeonBoat/Rickshaw/Cycle-van/ other • SchemeonHandloom/cottageindustry; • the major guideline alsorefersthefollowingschemesas rehabilitation ofincomegeneratingasset. The a grantforsubsistencealongwithloanthe other suddennaturalcalamity, willbeprovided his/her incomegeneratingassetby category isfallenonhardshipduetolossof exceeding tk.3500.Ifapersonbelongingtothis family wherepercapitamonthlyincomeisnot of thisprogrammewillbeamembersuch According thethisguideline,bene guideline preparedbytheMoFDM. said programmeisimplementedfollowedbya this connectionitmaybefurthernotedthatthe the governmentsince2004-2005 fact, thesaidprogrammehasbeenlaunchingby in managingtheirlivelihood.Onthebasisofthis contribute inproductionandbecomefrustrated by suddendisaster. As a result,theyfailto income generatingassets,ifoncedestroyed any leadingNGO. They cannotregaintheir the governmentnorprovidedwithloansfrom They neithersucceededinreceivingloansfrom available inthesocietytouplifttheirposition. of peoplenormallyfailstogettheopportunity losing theirincomegeneratingasset. This group tremendous hardshipduetonaturalcalamityby areas whoarenotultrapoorbuthasfalleninto to rehabilitatethelowearningpeopleofrural adopted thisprogramme,theobjectiveofwhichis within thecountry. Withthisendgovernmenthas to ensuringdisastermanagementprogrammes initiated arangeofsigni Food andDisasterManagement(MoFDM)has calamities. Actually, GoBthroughtheMinistryof end ofreducingriskormitigatinglossnatural Programme” launchedbythegovernmentto other than“NaturalDisasterRiskReduction But, stillthereisnomicrocreditprogramme reducing povertyofthetargetedpoorpeople. of thoseprogrammeshavegotrecognitionfor various microcreditprogrammesandsome In Bangladesh,governmenthasadopted Works? How the Microcredit Programme Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

2 Non-motor vehicles; 8 fi elds forgrantingloan: fi cant strategiesaimed fi scal year. In fi re orany fi ciaries interest ofcomplexnature. and shallberepayablewitheightpercentannual in termsofgrantandloanwillbeturnedas committee, theentirefundreceivedbyhim/her her andapprovedbythedisastermanagement activity otherthantheschemeproposedbyhim/ consequent installmentorusethefundinany Provided that,ifanybene the repaymentwithinnexttwentyfourmonths. month ofreceivingtheloanandoughtto has tostarttherepaymentinstallmentaftersix for thewholeperiod.Further, thebene him/her alongwithfourpercentservicecharge bi-monthly orquarterlyinstallmentas pay theprincipalloanamountonmonthlyor also statesthatthebene proposed bythebene basis oftheincomegeneratingschemesas fund infavouroftheeachbene lowest tierhasgiventheauthoritytosanction the disastermanagementcommitteeof by thebene it willbe20percentincaseofamountreceived received bythebene will beconsideredasgrantifthetotalamount provided that25percentofthegivenmoney grant andloanrangestk.5000to20000.Itis bene However, theamountoffundgiventoeach Anyschemeofsmalltradinghavingself- • Schemeonsmallscalepisciculture; • SchemeonPoultry/Cowrearing; • in theguideline,where they aregivenauthority functions ofthesaidcommittees arewellde headed bytheUnionParishad Chairman. The Of Committee headedbytheUpazilaNirbahi Upazila (Sub-district)DisasterManagement Committee headedbytheDeputyCommissioner, of MoFDM,DistrictDisasterManagement Disaster ManagementheadedbytheSecretary Those are:NationalSteeringCommitteefor for disastermanagementatdifferent levels. Bangladesh hasformedvariouscommittees Programme” sustainable,theGovernmentof To makethe“NaturalDisasterRiskReduction Sustainable? havetoMake it Made been Efforts What fi employment opportunityforthewomen. cer, UnionDisasterManagementCommittee fi ciary underthisprogrammeintermsof fi ciary isexceededtk.10000.Further, fi ciaryisuptotk.10000and fi fi cais Te guideline The ciaries. ciary failstorepaythree fi ciary willhaveto fi ciary onthe fi te to tted fi ciary fi fi nish ned 77/6/06 1:18:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 29 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 3 4 _ M the paradigmshiftconsideringallhazardsof clearly articulatesthestrategiesforachieving Plan alsoprovides“A frameworkfor Action” that communities tohazards. The saidCorporate important factorinensuringtheresilienceof culture, andtopromotefoodsecurityasan recovery toamorecomprehensiveriskreduction strategies fromconventionalresponseand paradigm shiftinnationaldisastermanagement has developeda“CorporatePlan”toachieve Management Programme(CDMP)underMoFDM The GoBthroughComprehensiveDisaster Challenges andLessons Issues Learned also adoptedintheguideline. provision ofappointingexternalcounsellorsis development strategiesofthesaidprogramme, to evaluatetheprogrammeforformulating Management Committee.Further, withaview to theconcernedUpazila(Sub-district)Disaster Members ofParliamentareassignedasadvisor the NationalSteeringCommitteewhile Minister, MoFDMisassignedasadvisorto programme successfulandsustainable. The for determiningnecessarystepstomakethe schemes aswellsupervisetheprogramme to arrangetrainingforincomegenerating 2

2 9 ) Theprogrammewillnotsucceedandsustainin e) d) Repayment ofloaninstalmentwillnotbe c) Lack ofsupervisionleadsthebene b) Failure inselecting a) Want ofreliabledataonpercapitamonthly already identi in thewayofprogrammeexecution,wehave programme willfacelotofchallenges.However, Hence, wecanreasonablyapprehendthatthis programme basedonhypotheticalassumption. by thegovernmentasaspecialtypeofmicrocredit Disaster RiskReductionProgramme”isadopted sectors inallgeographicalareas. Yet, Natural committees areensured. engaged asadvisorindisastermanagement future untilcommitmentofthepoliticalleaders bene are engagedforrealizationofloanfromthe ensured unlesscompetentperson/persons capacity ofregainingtheeconomicsolvency; mechanism tolivewithdisasteraswell misusing loanthatdeterioratestheircoping the loanintoaburden; schemes completelyunsuccessfulandturned trades andwantoftrainingonitleadthe procedure; prone areashinderbene income ofthepeoplelivingindisaster fi ciaries; fi ed thefollowingchallenges: fi tted incomegenerating fi cais selection ciaries’ papers: theme 1 papers: fi ciaries 77/6/06 1:18:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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3 0 UNDP Regional Of Case ofTalumpok, BatangasCity, Philippines Ms Zenaida Delica-Willison Zenaida Ms Establishing aCommunityCooperative: fi in Bangkokce Disaster ResilientCommunity W by providinglabor). Able-bodied men offered (voluntary cooperationin thecommunityusually the cooperativein spiritof“bayanihan” grouped togethertoconstructabuildingfor the cooperative. After onemonth,theresidents their housefortheconductofbusiness Perez, localresidentsinthearea,volunteered fi As therewasnocapitalyetatthebeginningto ofVolunteerism Spirit goods. (Php54=USD1) 92.5). This amountwasused tobuyconsumer which amountedtoatotalofPhp5,000(USD of Php20,orPhp120.00perperson(USD2.10) pay ashareofPhp100andmembershipfee cooperative. The residents pledgedinwritingto meeting. This ledtoadecision toorganizea another governmentagencyalsoattendedthe the PhilippineBureauofCooperativesandfrom attended by was chairedbyadevelopmentworkerand organized on1May1988. The initialmeeting Cooperative (TASIMPCO) wasinitiatedand was howthe Talumpok SilanganMultipurpose shared bymanyotherfarmersinthevillage. This south ofManila,Philippines.Hissentimentwas Talumpok East,aruralvillageinBatangasCity, a crisisoccurs”saidPetroniloBaes,anelderin nance rental space,thefamilyofMr. &Mrs.Luiz us collectivelyaddressourneedswhen e needtoorganizeacooperativehelp Towards Buildinga fi fty villageresidents. An of fi cr of cer 77/6/06 1:18:45 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 31 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 3 4 _ M Repayment comesfromthesaleofanimals and approvedbythegeneralmembership. based onproceduresformulatedbytheBoard or emergencies. The creditsystemusedis are madeavailabletomembersduringcrisis emergencies. The cooperative’s creditfacilities year sothatthesefundscanbereservedfor when theyhavesuf However, theydonotavailofthesebene annual dividendsharesandpatronagerefunds. important bene and disasterriskreduction.Membersreceive reliable instrumentfor factor tothisresiliency. The cooperativeisa agree thatthecooperativewasacontributory considered a“resilientcommunity”.Manypeople strengthen theschool. Truly, Talumpok canbe from thelocalcitygovernment’s calamityfundto strong windsdidvillageof the villageelementaryschoolweredestroyedby in timesofcrisis.Itwasonlywhentheroofs the villagehavenotrequestedreliefassistance Talumpok isoftenvisitedbystrongtyphoons,but The MakingofaDisasterResilientCommunity this smallcollectivebusinessventure. highly oftheirparticipationinthedevelopment from thecooperativetoday, andtheyspeak dispersal. A totalof145familiesarebene provides acreditfacilitymanagementandanimal a morecomplexmicro present, thecooperativehasalsoevolvedinto engages insellingconsumergoodsuptothe Php 5,650,000(USD113,000). Although itstill assets of TASIMPCO hasreachedatleast To date,after16yearsofoperation,thetotal Now Is It Where take chargeofthecooperative. soon aspossible. Young peoplevolunteeredto be hour waswastedsothattheconstructioncould food forlunchandrefreshments.Notasingle to helperectthestructure.Women camewith their shareofbamboo,wood,nailsandtools 2

3 fi 1 nished andbusinesscouldbeconductedas fi ts fromthecooperative,suchas fi cient resourcesforthe fi nance enterprisewhich fi cialsrequestassistance fi nnil sustainability nancial fi ting fi ts the family’s subsistence. all theirincometowiveswhomanageitfor hold thepurseoffamily. Husbandssurrender through thecooperative.Women inthisvillage commodities whicharenowreadilyavailable need totravelthecitypurchaseprime as themoneysavedbymemberswhonolonger scheme. There arealsoindirectbene raised through TASIMPCO’s micro cooperative agency. has alreadyreceivedseveralcitationsfromthis policy developmentandoperation. TASIMPCO also helped TASIMPCO byprovidingguidancein preparedness. A governmentcooperativeagency provided atrainingoncommunitybaseddisaster for DisasterPreparedness(CDP)which early stageofthecooperative,andCenter Center (CDRC),whichprovidedaloanatthe NGOs, suchastheCitizens’ DisasterResponse is partlyowedtothesupportofmanypartner members. They alsorecognizethatthissuccess TASIMPCO isconsideredahugesuccessbyits toMovePartnership Forward org the UNDP RegionalOf Disaster Response Advisor under theSouth-SouthCooperationof For moreinformation,pleasecontactMs.ZenaidaDelica-Willison, have astake! the successoftheir guaranteed bymembersthemselvestoensure to theactivitiesofcooperativearelikewise agencies. Continuedsupportandpatronage and thecooperationofNGOsgovernment sure thatpoliciesarefollowedandimplemented; farmers; soundpolicydevelopmentandmaking the initialset-upandlistenedtovoiceof facilitation ofadevelopmentworkerwhoguided cooperation andvolunteerismofmembers;the of thiscooperativeinclude:thepersistence, Some factorsthatcontributedtothesuccess Re fl ections andLessons Identi ections fi ce inBangkokat zenaida.willison@undp. fi nancial investments. They investments. nancial papers: theme 1 papers: fi ed fi t such ts fi nance 77/6/06 1:18:45 PM / 6 / 0 6

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3 2 Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Mr Takaaki Miyaguchi Beyond CorporateSocialResponsibility and MrRajib Shaw Kyoto University Kyoto Corporate CommunityInterface in DisasterManagement- hazard-prone countries. safety andsustainabilityofcommunityinthe disaster management,aimingtowardachieving regard totheircollaborativeandenvironment the corporatesectorandlocalcommunitywith Interface (CCI)”focusesontherelationshipof The proposedconceptof“Corporate-Community management. the linkagebetweenenvironmentanddisaster and climatechange,markingtheimportanceof directly relatedtoenvironmentaldegradation many ofthenaturaldisastersarefoundtobe importance ofdisastermanagement.Moreover, regions particularlyin Asia, whichhighlightsthe damage inthedisasterpronecountriesand describe therecenthistoryofdisasterandits since 1970hasindicated. And itisneedlessto magnitude inthe1990s,asrecordsofdisasters Natural disastershaveincreaseditsfrequencyand Introduction and protectionagainst natural catastrophesas for strengtheningandpromoting itsownsafety such disasterrisk,andtheyhavethepotential sector, itisimperative thattheykeeptacklingwith impact fromnaturaldisastertothecorporate Considering billionsofeconomiclossesand andCommunity Sector Corporate 77/6/06 1:18:45 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-034_M2 33 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 0 3 4 _ M much involvinglocalcommunity. that corporationsdevelopCSRactivitieswithout disaster measures,andthird,itisoftenthecase disaster activities,ratherthanproactive,pre- current CSRinitiativesmainlyfocusonpost- short-term, one-off typeofintervention.Second, First, mostoftheCSRactivitiesarefoundtobea such CSRactivitiescanfurtherbeenhanced. But therearethreekindsoftraitsthroughwhich support totheIndianOcean Tsunami in 2004. reactionand degree ofthecorporatesector’s recently, wehavewitnessedtheunprecedented environment anddisastermanagement various kindsofCSRactivitieswerereportedin nations andaswelldevelopingcountries, its in Social Responsibility)hasbeenrapidlygaining The conceptandmomentumof“CSR”(Corporate Responsibility Social Corporate in thecommunity. operate. They aretheinseparable stakeholders prosperity ofthecommunitiesinwhichthey companies dependonthehealth,stability, and bene local communities,byprovidingjobs,wagesand contribute totheircommunities,especially and itspeople.Companieshavestartedto sector isstronglybondedwithcommunity Thinking ofitsplacesoperation,thecorporate from thecommunitylevel. to gainiftheycanreducetheimpactofdisaster disaster management. And theyhavethemost component inconsideringenvironmentand of itsintensity, communityisanindispensable the onesdirectlyhitbydisasters,regardless community levelhavemoretoloseastheyare and businesses.Becausethepeopleat includes educationsector, NGOs,government, and iscomprisedofotherstakeholders,it ‘Community’ ismoreofasensebelonging reducing itsvulnerabilitytodisasters. well asinassistingthecommunityatlarge 2

3 3 fi fl ts, andtaxrevenues.Ontheotherhand, uence particularlyamongthedeveloped fi eld. Just 1. sector: corporate Working closelywith follows: The characteristicsoftheconceptCCIareas ofCCI ProgramCharacteristics employees fromthedisaster. and distributionchains,and;(4)impactson (2) investmentintheseareas;(3)supply operations inareasimpactedbythedisaster; of theCCIprogramarethosewith:(1)direct Companies ofparticularrelevanceandneeds documentation asoutputmaterials. while developingaguidelinesandhandbook systematically developedundertheCCIprogram CSR. And suchlearningopportunityistobe level inalongerterm,takingmeasuresbeyond disaster managementfromthecommunity more effective measuresforenvironmentand sector caninvolvethemselvesintakingmuch program andenvironmentwherethecorporate of CSRactivities,whatisneededthelearning community relationship,andthecurrenttraits Re Program Interface Community Corporate 2. Co-learning: .Wdr tkhle involvement: stakeholder 3. Wider 4. Time- and and Time- 4. fl themselves. cooperating closelywiththecorporatesector a handbookistobedevelopedthrough regards toCorporateCommunityInterface, In ordertodevelopthebestuserinterfacein learning programs. internationally throughaseriesofdistance Lessons willbesharedregionallyand much moreandrealizeeffective interventions. sharing lessonstogether, onecanachieve mitigation interventionbyitself,through corporation’s tryingto develop disaster on environmentanddisastermanagement. their opinionsandtypesofcorporatestrategies range ofstakeholderswillshareanddiscuss will bringlearningenvironmentwherewide program ofCorporateCommunityInterface will beconducted.Bylearning whatisgoing communities andotherhazard-proneregions case studiesfromIndian Tsunami affected ecting theimportanceofcorporate- Insteadofanindividual fi eld-tested: anumberof papers: theme 1 papers: The 77/6/06 1:18:45 PM

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3 behavior andaction. local employees,canimprovetheirmodeof including CEOs,mid-levelmanagers,and on howeachlayerofthecorporatesector, more tailoredandcandepictaclearpicture people andlayers,theprogramwillbemuch heard. from corporationsandcommunitieswillbe ﬁ All ofthesecasestudiesaretobedoneatthe what morecanbedonetohelpcommunities. on currently, itwillbecomeclearertoknow 4 eld level,andthroughwhichactualvoices ﬁ c: Byfocusingoneachofthese 77/6/06 1:18:45 PM / 6 / 0 6

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3 5 Director, Manab Mukti Shanghtha Sirajganj, Bangladesh Mr Habibullah Bahar Micro Credit forDisasterPreparedness (Initiatives toreduce vulnerability (MMS) Preparedness program and torelatethisissue grant. Consideringsustainability ofDisaster poor communityand support providedas increase disasterpreparednesscapacityof support (softwereandharedboth)to other developmentissuesofMMS.Provided is integratedasoneofmajorcomponentwith Considering thesituationdisasterpreparedness for disasterpreparedness. to reducevulnerabilitywithoutprovidingsupport Governmental initiatives. There isnopossibility providing bytheGovernmentoranyotherNon- initiatives. They havenoaccess inbasicservices are toremainoutofconventionaldevelopment lack ofcommunication,thepeoplearea depended onothersupport.Duetoremoteness, become morevulnerable. They aretobecome communities aredisruptedbydisasterandthey cold waveetc.Normallivesespeciallypoor ﬂ to variousdisasterlikecontinuousrivererosion, and devastatedmorethanonceinayeardue of thepeoplealllevelinareaaffected poverty strickenareaofBangladesh. The lives of MMSisonethemostdisasterproneand areas ofSirajganjdistrict. The workingarea working since1984intheJamunariverbasin government developmentorganization(NGO) Manab MuktiSangstha(MMS)isanon- Introduction (seasonalstorm),drought, ood, nor’wester due todisaster) papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 11:57:17 AM / 6 / 0 6

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A M 550699_037-038_M2 37 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 7 - 0 3 8 _ M Microcreditfundisgeneratedfromdonors as • for whatpurposerecipients coulduseit) How theprogramworks(lending,repaymentand with otherdevelopmentprograms. micro creditsupportsystemforDP sideby of credit. That waswhyMMShasestablished alternative sourcesforgettingsupportintheform programs. Ontheotherhandthereareno as welltostartorimplementdevelopment there willbemoredif for development.IfnosupportisprovidedDP were essentialandimportantforDP aswell credit forthementionedinterventions.Butthese suitable during some creditmoneytorunasmallbusiness of tubewellandlatrine.Sometimetheyneeded storing somefoodfor to repairtheirhouses,raisehomesteads, found thatmostofthefamiliesneededsupport more then15yearsinitsworkingareas.Itwas to providemicrocreditfordevelopment were notabletotakepreparedness.MMSused distributed microcreditforDP. Mostof thefamilies disaster especially the peopletocopewithsituation,regarding initiatives weretakentoincreasecapacityof With aviewtoreducevulnerabilitysituation DP Initiated why causes The Main Micro Credit for credit ofothernormaldevelopmentprograms. maintained formicrocreditDP withMicro accounts withsupportingdocumentsareduly Committee oftheorganization.Necessary received necessaryapprovalfromtheExecutive micro creditforDP, roundtheyear. Ithas taken decisiontomakeprovisionforproviding MMS hasreviseditsmicrocreditpolicyandhave Program. Micro creditforDP isthepartofMicroFinance on IncomeGeneratingatindividualfamilylevel. MMS isoneofcoreandlargestprogramfocused implementing byMMS.MicroFinanceProgramof credit systemunderMicroFinanceProgram, Micro CreditProgramforDP isoneofseasonal has beenstartedsince1999. with developmentissues,providingmicrocredit 2

3 a partofgeneralmicrocredit. 7 fl ood. Butnobodywasproviding fl fi ood andriver erosionand cult tosavelivesandassets fl ood period,installation Disastersavingsiscollectedfromthemicro • Tk.5,000.00 per personisbeloworuptoamaximumof of thecreditisaboutoneyearandamount the creditmoneyincash. The durationofmost procedure with proper witnessandresponsewiththepayment the creditmoneyintime. Applicants comewith money andinformtotheapplicantsreceive time forthedisbursementofapprovedcredit and responsible approved bytheauthority, recommendations forprovidingloan.Whileitis and Managerverifytheprocessmake Then theresponsibleFieldOrganizer, Supervisor application totheauthorityforprovidingcredit. credit fortheactivities.Groupleaderforwardan viable thenthegrouptakesdecisionforproviding of theproposedinterventions/activities.Ifitis members analyzethepossibilitiesorfeasibility they proposeformicrocreditDP. Then other of 20to30members.Intheweeklymeeting primary groupatcommunitylevelwhichconsists MMS providemicrocreditforDP throughselfhelp Lending Process suitable during need somecapitalmoney torunanintervention with livestockandassets. etc.Sometimethey like dryfood,essentialmedicines,shiftinghouses repair andrebuilding,storageofessentialitems fodder preservation,vegetablecultivation,boat period, installationoftubewellandlatrines, their homesteads,storagesomefoodfor of thefamiliesneedtorepairtheirhouses,raise vulnerability ofparticipants.Itisfoundthatmost different ways.Itdependsonlevelofparticipants/ Program participantsusethemicrocreditin Purpose time aftercompletionoftheinterventions. repayment systemsareweekly, monthlyorata types ofrepaymentsystemsarefollowed. The vulnerability oftheprogramparticipants,different Depending ontheinterventionsand Repayment included inthemicrocreditpolicy. credit groupmembersforDP thathasbeen fl fi ood time. ood nance departmentandreceive fi eld workerdecideasuitable fi nne department nance papers: theme 1 papers: fl ood 77/6/06 1:33:00 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_037-038_M2 38 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 7 - 0 38 3 8 _ M • At bene RegardingsustainabilityofmicrocreditforDP • Sustainability ofthemicrocreditforDP Women headedpoorfamily • FamilywithDisability/elderly/sickforlong • Minorityethnicfamily • Small/pettybusinessmenandwomen • Familywithlargesize • Poorandsharecropper, marginalfarmer • Landlessfarmers, • Poororextremepoorfamily • DP areasbelow: Criteria of Target bene DP Bene Target Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning International,UNorganizationanddonor • Transport system made easierduring • Homestead basedincomesourcesweresafe • Humanlivesaswelllivestockcouldbesaved • Thespreadofwaterbornediseasesreduced • Capacityandpracticeofthebene • Disasterfundhasbeencreatedespeciallyfor • MMShasbeenprovidingcreditsupport,so • About20%householdcouldbeprotectedand • Impact oftheMicroCreditforDP 2

3 document torunitforlongtime. its microcreditpolicywhichwillbethe at organizationlevelMMSisgoingtoorganize time communities areshowinginterestandhave during for emergencyfoodstock disaster preparednessandresponse. to getthecreditaccordingtheirneed. credit moneyandotherpeoplegetopportunity that theparticipantsareabletorepay the programcanrunforlongtime DP withthedevelopment programs,sothat survived from any DP activitiesbythemselves. been developedsothattheycanimplement 8 fl ood fi ciaries levelMMSalwaysrelatethe fi ciaries ofMicrociaries Credit for fl ood fi fi shermen, daylabours. ciaries ofmicrocreditfor fi ciaries has fl ood Itshould beanissueofGovernmentthe • Basicserviceshouldbeensuredforthepoor • Othertechnicalsupportanddevelopment • MicroCreditfordisasterpreparednessshould • Lesson Learned • Landlessness Lackofavailablefundandtechnicalsupport • Staff dropout • Disruptedcommunication/badtransportation/ • Naturaldisasteristhebigchallengeof • Challenges andIssues caused bydisasters. up inthebetterinterestofreducingvulnerability sources areavailable.Itishopeditwillcome better ideasorexperiencesfromanyother ready toimprovethesystems/practicesifany alleviating theirpovertylevel.MMSisalways vulnerability ofthepoorpeopleandultimately credit systemasamainfocusforreducingthe has beenimplementingandpracticingthemicro working areas,capacityoftheorganization,it the organization. According totherealityof on thepolicypaper, practicesandprinciplesof Shangstha (MMS)foracoupleofyearsbased basis oftheexperiencesgainedbyManabMukti This presentationhasbeenpreparedonthe Conclusion country family same time. program supportshouldbeprovidedinthe disaster proneareas. give priorityforreducingvulnerabilityof remoteness wave, droughtetc. prone areaslikerivererosionand people. started toprovidesupportthechar’s fl ood, cold ood, 77/6/06 1:33:01 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Southeast Asia Phase 3) 3(PDRSEA

3 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Center Preparedness Disaster Asian 9 Partnerships for Disaster Reduction Opportunities forBusinessestoSupport Ms Kaikim Chang Disaster Preparedness inVietnam (ADPC) Vietnam economic Development of Business and the Socio- claimed morethan800 livesandresultedin demonstrated in1999 when naturaldisasters environmental preservation inVietnam. This was economic development, povertyreductionand These poseasigni huge lossesoflife,propertyandinfrastructure. fi tropical storms,droughts,landslides,forest particularly typhoonsand is pronetoarangeofnaturaldisasters, Because ofitsgeographiclocation,Vietnam Development toBusinesses ofDisasters Threats and living standards. people, improvingincomelevelsandraising providing employmenttoalargenumberof economic developmentofthecountrythrough additionally playsasigni economic prosperity, Vietnam’s businesssector to theGDP. Whilstenhancingthe nations industrial (40.1%)andservices(38.1%)sectors can beattributedtothecontributionsfrom in 1986. This rapideconomic development establishment ofeconomicopennesspolicy development andtransitionsincethe Vietnam isgoingthrough rapideconomic res, andoccasionalearthquakesresulting in fi cant obstacletosustainable fi cant roleinthesocio- fl oods butalso papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:48:19 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 40 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 40 5 4 _ M Preparedness Bene gases, spreadofdiseaseetc. disasters mayinclude and industrialwastes. These technological storage, anddisposalofdangerouschemicals may occurduetotheuse,transportation, surrounding community. Technological disasters activities ontheimmediateenvironmentor may occurduetothedirectimpactofbusiness also contributetopotentialdisasterrisks. These Sometimes unplannedbusinessactivitiesmay Disasters ofBusiness on Impact Activities country. on theeconomicandsocialdevelopmentof the pro disrupt theworkingofbusiness,andreduce business andindustrialsectordoesnotonly Thus, thenegativeimpactofdisasterson sustainable developmentprocess. considered asanessentialprerequisiteinthe This necessitatesthatdisasterriskreductionbe hazards, risksandorcreatevulnerabilities. not riskconsciousmayoftenintroducenew Likewise, developmentalinitiativeswhichare working towardssustainabledevelopment. reduction, negatingefforts ofallstakeholders and socialsetbackstodevelopmentpoverty Each year, disastersresultinseriouseconomic transportation infrastructureandservices. as theprovisionofelectricityandwater, and the workforce,damagetocriticalutilitiessuch to dailyoperationsduelossofandinjury located inhigh-riskareasbutfromdisruption damage tothephysicalassetsofbusiness business operationsinVietnam notonlythrough These catastrophesalsocausehugelossesto River Delta. consecutive yearsof Close to1,000liveswerealsolostduringthree approximately USD300millioninpropertylosses. Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning on itsabilitytoavoid economiccrisisand The successofanybusiness ishighlydependent 2

4 0 fi fi ts butitalsohas adverse implications ts of Disaster fi re,leakageofdangerous fl ooding inthe Mekong a globalscale. consumer-base, notonlyonalocalbutalso and governmentcanactuallyincreasetheir relationship, generatesupportfromconsumers of communitiescanalsostrengthenthe involvement ofbusinessindisasterpreparedness where mostoftheirlaborforcemightbelong. The community invicinityoftheirbusinessfrom supporting disasterpreparednessinthe Company canderiveadditionalbene and organization. surrounding communityasacaringemployer company amongsttheiremployeesandthe and alsoleadtoapositiveimpressionabout these strategieswillsecureyourphysicalassets preparedness activities. The implementationof This involvesriskidenti natural disasterstobusiness. risks, canalsobeappliedtoreducerisksfrom principles usedinthemanagementofeconomic routine considerationinbusinessstrategies. The shocks. Thus themanagementofrisksisa of Vietnam, andthesigni sector tothesocio-economic development In recognitionoftheimportance ofthebusiness Preparedness inVietnam Disaster toSupport Opportunities as thoseofthecommunity. losses fromdisasterstotheirownassetsaswell businesses canplayanimportantroleinsaving bene the threatofdisasterstobusinesses,and in socialandeconomicdevelopmentofsociety, government. Bearinginmindtheroleofbusiness and incertaincases,more Modern businessespossessmoreresources the governmentefforts are notenough. changing developmentsituationinthecountry, resources ofthegovernmentandfast potential losses.However, giventhelimited and communityawarenessinordertoreduce to takeactionsfordisasterpreparedness The governmenthastheprimaryresponsibility Business Sector Disaster Preparedness: ARole forthe fi ts ofdisasterpreparedness,itisclearthat fi cation, analysisand fi cant setbacksthat fl uence thanthe fi t by ts 77/6/06 1:48:20 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 41 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M mplementingriskreductionmeasures (e.g. • Developmentofemergency responseplans • Analyzingthenatureofrisks, • Identifyinghazards,risksandvulnerabilities, • participate in: This approachrecommendsthatemployees the developmentofplansandprocedures. requires activeinvolvementoftheemployeesin of theseemergencyresponseprocedures At theworkplace,successfulimplementation at andoutsidetheworkplace. risks byalertingthemtopotentialhazardsboth entails raisingemployeeawarenessofdisaster foremost toensurethesafetyofemployees. This response procedurewhichseeks Part ofthisplanshouldincorporateanemergency through abusinesscontingencyplan. businesses toexercisedisasterpreparedness and recoveringfromadversecatastrophesisfor recover, emphasizesthatthekeytosurviving that havebeensuffered disaster impactsnever Taking intoaccountthat40%ofbusinesses Awareness ofDisasterRisks Through Raising Employee andLocal DisasterPreparedness Supporting formationofbusinessalliancetoenhance • • support community-baseddisaster supportingandimprovetheeducationof • promotingthesafetyofemployeesthrough • preparedness inanyofthefollowingmannerby: Vietnam, businessescansupportdisaster sustainable socio-economicdevelopmentof disasters impactonbothbusinessesandthe 2

4 the establishmentofan emergency team), (e.g. proceduresandevacuation plans), support nationalriskreductioninitiatives. losses tothebusinesssectoraswell risks andhowtoreduceeconomic awareness ofbusinesssectorondisaster social responsibilityinitiative. country aspartofacompany’s corporate communities indisasterproneregionsthe preparedness inmostvulnerableandpoor community preparednessprograms, reside andbusinessesarelocatedthrough the communityinwhichmostofemployees activities, disaster preparednessandawarenessraising 1 fi rt and rst • Advocating thebene that mayoccurintheir community bycreating helps peopleformanunderstanding oftherisks Disaster riskmanagement atthelocal-level the leastvulnerablegroupsisnecessary. paramount inthisprocess,whilethesupportof most vulnerablesocialgroupsisconsideredas risk managementactivities. The involvementof decision makingandimplementationofdisaster This meansthatpeopleareintheheartof their vulnerabilitiesandenhancecapacities. and evaluationofdisasterrisksinordertoreduce identi communities areactivelyengagedinthe (CBDRM) isaprocessinwhichatrisk Community-based disasterriskmanagement Communities DisasterResilient Supporting economic environment. local markets,ensuringthestabilityof prolonged suspensiondailyoperationsandthe minimize impactsthatmightdisruptorleadto reside orwherethebusinessislocatedto include thelocalcommunityinwhichemployees Likewise, thisinitiativecanbeexpandedto their capacitytorelativesandneighbors. leaders withintheircommunities,transferring advocates ofdisasterpreparednessandactas These employeescanserveasimportant and outsidetheworkplace(e.g.intheirhomes). empowers themtomanagedisasterrisksbothat potential disastersincreasestheirresilienceand Building thecapacityofemployeestocopewith plans shouldbeencouraged. involvement intheirlocaldisastermanagement of theemergencyresponseprocedures,their the participationofemployeesinpreparation the mechanismtocopewiththeserisks. As with employees areawareofdisasterrisksandhave hazard events,itisimportanttoensurethat to employeeattendanceduringorafternatural the workplaceandinorderminimizedisruption Employees alsofacehazardrisksoutsideof Monitoringandevaluation • activities, and preparedness throughawarenessraising fi cation, analysis,treatment,monitoring fi ts ofdisaster papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:48:20 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 42 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 42 5 4 _ M • Translation anddisseminationofpublic Establishmentofacommunity-basedearly • Examples of Activities: (SeeExhibition byParticipatingNGOs) 2. Supporting LocalandNationalDisaster 1. Director SupporttoDisasterProne Vietnam Opportunities toSupportCBDRMInitiativesin overall wellbeingoftargetgroups. towards povertyreductionandimprovingthe the CBDRMapproachcontributessigni with thesustainablelivelihoodsframework. Thus, risk managementapproachhascloselinkages reduction initiatives.Communitybaseddisaster ensuring thesustainabilityofnationaldisasterrisk and copewithrespondtodisasters,thus pro-active localactiontoreducevulnerabilities aims toempowerthecommunitiesundertake and evaluationofdisasterrisks. The approach analysis, planning,implementation,monitoring of atriskcommunitiesintheidenti approach derivesfromtheactiveinvolvement disaster riskmanagement. The bene roots levelbystrengtheningtheircapacityon been supportingthecommunitiesatgrass and donoragenciesinSouthEast Asia have international NGOsandasmallnumberofUN In recognitionofthesecircumstances,localand the community. lobby forriskreductionactivitiesandmobilize ownership andresponsibility, toadvocateand acts tocreateawarenessamongstpeopletake put riskreductionactionsintopractice.Italso mitigation actionsandestablishmechanismsto capacities, selectappropriatepreparednessand risks, assessandacknowledgetheirinherent with astepbyprocesstoidentifycommunity reliance ofthecommunitiesbyprovidingthem vulnerability. Itenhancesthecapacityandself- an environmenttoinitiatediscussionsontheir Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

4 drills), school competitionsandconduct ofevacuation awareness materialsand activities,(e.g. response, equipment aswellforemergency appropriate communicationandwarning warning systemthroughtheprovisionof Reduction Organizations Communities (SeeCommunityPro 2 fi les) fi t ofthis fi cation, fi cantly RepresentationintheNationalPlatformfor • • Forums forlocalcommunitiesand SupportingMediainvolvementandreporting • Ensurerepresentationindecision-making • Formalizedamandatewhichoutlinesclear • Establishtheformationofenduringmutli- • Galvanize organizationsrepresentingthe • Potential businessallianceswouldseekto: Theestablishmentofamechanismtofacilitate 2. 1. The establishmentofacommonplatform community atlarge. These include: bene reduction canservepurposesthataremutually The formationofabusinessalliancefordisaster Disaster Reduction Formation ofaBusiness for Alliance • Advocating forthedevelopmentand Provision oftechnicalassistanceinthe • Creationofavenuetoraiseandenhance • and mitigationinitiatives. This includes: approach thatfocusesondisasterpreparedness entails theadoptionofacomprehensive,proactive Reducing theimpactofdisastersonbusiness Businesses Reducing the Impact ofDisasters on decision-making processes Disaster Reductiontoensureinvolvementin organizations toshareexperiences,and on DisasterRiskManagementinitiatives, process role inwhichbusinessescanplay, and sectoral partnerships, business community, and preparednessefforts. the privatesectorinnationalrelief,recovery the effective andresponsiveinvolvementof the economicenvironment,and impacts ofdisasterriskstobusinessesand for thebusinesscommunitytoreduce implementation ofpolicies suchasbuilding for implementation, development ofdisasterpreparednessplans contingency plans, construction andthedevelopmentofbusiness the location/sitingoffacilities,itsdesignand through informationsharingontopicssuchas awareness ofdisasterrisktobusinesses fi cial totheprivatesectoraswell 77/6/06 1:48:20 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 43 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M formation ofdisastervolunteer teams,publication volunteer mobilization during emergencies, the disasterstrickenareas, disastermonitoring, disaster managementpractitionersbasedin goods andefforts incoordinationwithnational management, coordinationofdistributionrelief support, supplyofbuildingmaterials,technology, could includetheprovisionofpersonnel,logistical In disasterresponse(reliefandrecovery),activities and preparednessefforts. of theprivatesectorinnationalrelief,recovery facilitate theeffective andresponsive involvement Reduction canalsoserveasamechanismto formation ofaBusiness Alliance forDisaster reduction initiativesmustnotbeoverlooked. The private sectorsupporttonationaldisaster and availabletothebusinesscommunity, direct Bearing inmindthewealthofresourceswithin Reduction Initiatives ofNationalDirect Disaster Support Examplesofthisexistindifferent countries; Preparation ofalong-termactionplan • EstablishingaBusinessDisasterReduction • Training andcapacitybuildingforemployees, • Initiateandpublishresearchondisaster • Transferring awarenesstothesupplychain • 2

4 and InvestmentCorporationinIndia(ICICI). (CDRN) Philippines,andtheIndustrialCredit e.g. CorporateDisasterResponseNetwork plan forprograms,projectsandadvocacy. implement ofacollaborativecorporateaction with allstakeholders,andpreparation business leaders,conductofconsultations including theestablishmentofathinktank initiatives, and national disasterresponse(rescueandrelief) support risktransfermechanisms;andfund of smallbusinessesandkeyeconomicassets; key economicassets;fundrecovery businesses, particularlysmallbusinessand to Trust Fundthroughfundraisingactivities government, communities, civilsocietyorganizations,local mitigation forthebusinesscommunity the provisionofpre-disastermitigationloans (e.g. SmallandMediumEnterprises)through incentives formitigation, codes andstandards,land-useplanning 3 fi nance disastermitigationefforts of non-relief items. donors’ forum,andtheprovisionoffood of emergencyresponseguidelines,conduct Bene TheDisasterManagementWorking Group 1. Business RepresentationintheDisaster Examples ofPotential Activities inVietnam TheformationofaBusiness Theimportantroleplayedbybusinessin FormationofaBusiness Alliance forDisaster 2. alerts Monthly meetingsareheldandregulare-mail for disasterriskmanagementpractitioners. in Vietnam, itservesasauniqueplatform the UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram Vietnam. Establishedthroughaninitiativeof stakeholders inmanagingdisasterrisks of thedonorcommunitywhoareactive non-government organizationsandmembers agencies, local,regionalandinternational in Vietnam iscomprisedofgovernment,UN Management Working Group to thisinitiativeasdisaster reductionisa Reduction wouldbeasubstantial contribution reduction issues. of enterprisestodevelopmentandpoverty sector, aswell astoattracttheinvolvement business community, especially theprivate with theWorld BankGrouptohelpthe Liaison Of co-operation agreementonPrivateSector their involvementthroughthesigningof initiatives havebeenundertakeninincrease economic planforVietnam. As such, involvement intherevisionofsocio- acknowledged throughthebusinesssector of thecountryiswellrecognizedand Vietnam tothesocio-economic development Reduction recovery efforts. information ondisasterimpactsandrelief communicable diseases.)anduptodate Health Organizationon Avian Fluandother (e.g. DirectinformationprovidedbytheWorld access toexpertiseindisasterpreparedness Disaster ManagementWorking Groupinclude fi ts derivedfrommembershipin the fi cer (PSLO)programinVietnam Alliance forDisaster papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:48:21 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 44 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 44 5 4 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning Thethreepillarsofademocraticsociety-the 2

4 substantially. together increasesthechanceofsuccess have limitedchancesofsuccess.Operating the test.Operatingalone,eachonewould Disasters puttheresilienceofeachoneto have respectivestrengthsandlimitations. government, themarketandcivilsociety- support mechanisms. structure, Terms ofReferenceandpotential the Alliance anddetermineorganizational stakeholder consultationtoformallyestablish alliance wouldinvolvetheorganizationofa alleviation agenda. The formationofsuchan crucial componentofdevelopmentandpoverty 4 77/6/06 1:48:21 PM / 6 / 0 6

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4 5 Ms Emmeline U Managbanag, RN Partnership withtheLocalGovernmentUnits Disaster Management Services Management Disaster National Field Representative Management inVulnerable Communitiesin Red Cross inCapacityBuildingforDisaster The ContributionofthePhilippineNational PNRC Philippines PNRC now alsoinothercountries. many communitiesnotjustinthePhilippinesbut helpful intheimplementationofourprograms disaster managementprogramhadbeenvery developing andimplementingcommunity-based The ICDPP, becomingamodelofthePNRCin based approachindisastermanagement. being aspecialprojecttoModelforcommunity- evidenced bytheICDPP whichhasemergedfrom to developtoolsandguidelinesthisis For thepastelevenyears,PNRChasendeavored such objective. been developedbytheorganizationinpursuitto why, innovativeapproachesandstrategieshave a sustainablecommunitydevelopment. That is among itsclienteleandhelpsinthepursueof looks forwardininstillingsenseofself-reliance institution thatcatersbeyondprovidingreliefand to amoreproactive,developmentoriented from notjustbeingareliefagencybutrather Over theyears,organizationhasevolved the government. speaks trulyofthecon program. The Mandatethat governsitsexistence and implementingdisastermanagement T strong foundationwithregardtodeveloping he PhilippineNationalRedCrossholdsavery in thePhilippines ﬁ dence bestoweduponby papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:48:21 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 46 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 46 5 4 _ M TheBDATs andtheBDCCwork together 2. Implementationofcommunitypreparedness TheBDAT servesasthepartnersof TheBDATs arecommunityvolunteers 1. Training andorganizationoftheBarangay government Nature ofWork oncapacitybuildingofthelocal MunicipalityofSibalom 2. Provinceof Antique - MunicipalityofSiruma MunicipalityofCaramoan ProvinceofCamarinesSur– 1. respective LocalGovernmentUnits. To wit: in thefollowingareaspartnershipwiththeir and SRC,thePNRChasworkedsuccessfully With thelatestCBDMprogramunderDIPECHO Spanish RedCrossSociety. with fundingsupportfromDIPECHOthroughthe project implementationwastheCBDP Project suggested guidelinesinCBDM(CBDRM) followed thesuccessesandadheredto The Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

4 risk andplanoutpossible actionstoreduce in identifyingvulnerable areasandidentify and mitigationprojects their respectiveLGU. and hazardawarenessinpartnershipwith conduct localcommunitytrainingin emergency situationsinthecommunity, and of disastermitigationprojects,respondto to assistintheplanningandimplementation community. Inthelongrun,theyareexpected various disastermanagementprogramsinthe government body)intheimplementation Barangay DisasterCoordinatingCouncil(a disaster mitigationand hazard mappingandanalysis,planningfor includes disastermanagementorientation, Community DisasterManagementCoursethat assemblies andtheyundergoacomprehensive elected bythecommunitythrough TeamsDisaster Action (BDATs) Municipality ofHamtic Municipality ofSangay 6 fi rst specialprojectafterICDPP that fi rst aid. rst fi rt aid rst 4. Development, printinganddistributionof PartoftherolesandfunctionsBDAT DevelopmentoftheBarangayDisaster Action 3. InourDIPECHOProjectwiththeprovinces/ agency. the responsibilitiesof each participatingunit/ into aMemorandumof Understandingstating communities, LGUandthePNRCisforged challenges. The partnershipbetweenthe the bene LGU topresenttheproject,its’ components, meetings amongallstakeholdersincludingthe by theprojectstaff. They arrangecoordination preparation ortheso-calledsocial of CBDMinthecommunitiesincludeground Initial stepsundertakenintheimplementation Government System ofCBDRRIntegration intoLocal and Analysis Ownership ofthe like information, educationcampaignmaterials Municipal DevelopmentPlan. all BarangayDevelopmentPlanaswellthe BDAP becomesanintegral partoftheover- implement. ByvirtueofaResolution,the activities thatcommunitieswillhaveto various disasterresponseandpreparedness communities. The BDAP encompassesthe with theBDCCandinconsultation is todeveloptheBDAP in closecoordination Plan (BDAP) other communitymembers. as manpowersupportfromtheengineersand allocation butalsoitincludedtechnicalaswell did notsolelycomeintheformof as LGUcounterpart. The counter-parting mitigation projectsandtheseweretreated of around20%to40%thetotalcost expectation oftheprojecttogeneratesupport mitigation projects.Itwasbeyondthe provided toaddresstheirneedforstructural municipalities identi Project Proposals. process. The agreedplanistransformedinto utilized bythecommunitiesinplanning threats. Locallyproducedhazardmapsare fl yers, brochures,postersand fi ts, theexpectationsaswell fi ed above,fundingwas fl ip charts ip fi nancial 77/6/06 1:48:21 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 47 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M all ofuswhoareinvolvedintheDMpractice. CBDRR. This canbedealt asatakeoff pointfor initial stepscanbedonenowlikeinstitutionalizing to addresstheneedforriskreduction.However, get commitmentfromtheLGUtoallocatefunds something weneedtoworkhardfor, muchmore, to advancetheagendaonCBDRRwillbe are stillunmet,the education, infrastructureandpovertyalleviation major servicesinthecountryincludinghealth, While theneedfor requirement tomakeCBDRRisoverwhelming. Cross asanadvocatetothis. The accompanying both inthecontextofgovernanceandRed CBDRR remainstobeachallengeallofus, Government Local Work inthe CBDRR ofthe Financial Sustainability and passageofnewlawsinthePhilippines. become fundamentalevenintheformulation development planning.DRRinthecountryhas CBDRR measuresareintegratedintheover-all sustenance. are turnedovertotheLGUandcommunitiesfor management ofthevariousprojectcomponents sustainability plansareputinplaceandthe At thelaststageofprojectimplementation, and evaluationoftheprojectinputsoutputs. program components,tomonitoring,supervision stage, totheactualimplementationof among thethreeentities,frominitialplanning There existastronginvolvementandparticipation 2

4 7 fi nancial allocationforsome fi nnil requirement nancial cost. ranging from20to40percentofthetotalproject All theseprojectsgenerated sea wallextensionandlandslideprotectionwall. Evacuation CentercumMulti-purposeCenter, from DIPECHOincludetheconstructionof projects thatwereputinplacewiththefunds In theprovinceofCamarinesSur, themitigation canal, andhangingfootbridge. of aprotectionwalltopreventerosion,drainage The mitigationprojectsincludetheconstruction Fund. Fund/Social Action projects whichcamefromtheSocialDevelopment counterpart tosupportthecommunitymitigation municipalities approvedthereleaseof Provincial GovernorandtheLCEsofproject especially intheprovinceof Antique, the In ourexperiencewithDIPECHOprojects under thediscretionofLCEs. programs. SocialDevelopmentFundsalsoexist leaders toallocatefundsforriskreduction Government providesaleewayforcommunity The General Appropriations Act ofthe the LocalChiefExecutives(LCEs). Senators, Congressmen,Governorsaswell prerogative oftheleaders,eitherbyPresident, are earmarkedanddisbursedunderthe which theycanmobilize.Socialsupportfunds The LGUhassomanysupportinstitutions inDRR toCommunities Assistance GovernmentLocal UnitstoProvide Activities/initiatives Undertaken by the fi nancial counterpart papers: theme 1 papers: fi nancial 77/6/06 1:48:21 PM / 6 / 0 6

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4 48 N E W PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning _ M 2

4 8 Local Government’s DevelopmentStrategy, Ms Chandra Lukitasari A FieldExperienceofIIDPinIndonesia IIDP Indonesia IIDP Integrating CBDRMinto with multi-stakeholdersi.e. BAKORNASPB,IOM, In thelastcoupleofyears, IIDP, incollaboration to communitycentric. response topreparednessandfromgovernment same timechanginggovernmentattitudefrom disaster mitigationandrisksreductionsatthe be usedtoincreasecommunityresponsibilityin community andthegovernment.CBDRMcan in disasterresponsemanagementofboth proven tobeeffective inchangingofparadigm develop theircapacityindisasterresponseand strategy todigupcommunitypotentialitiesand Risk Management(CBDRM)isoneofthebest existing capacities.CommunityBasedDisaster who understandtheirareaintermsofriskand upfront inanydisastereventastheyaretheones IIDP believesthatthecommunity shouldbeput and coordinationinmanydisasterresponses4) evident thatthegovernmentlackedcapacity less involved;3)Frompastexperiences,itwas response havebeenfoundtobeignoredor the country;2)Communityrolesindisaster increasing numberofdisastereventsallover (natural andmanmadeaswell). There are is oneofthedisasterproneareasinregion because ofthefollowingreasons:1)Indonesia Preparedness (IIDP)inthelastthreeyears, program oftheIndonesianInstituteforDisaster CBDRM -PRBBMhasbecomethe Background ﬂ agship 77/6/06 1:49:34 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 49 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M 4. Further stepsattheplanningstageare 3. In ordertoeffectively effect tothelocal 2. Simple andapplicablemethodology. So 1. Clear conceptandstrategy. Whatandwhy The followingaretheimportantrequirements: aspects. planning aspects,programmingand key elementsarerequired,i.egeneralissues, local governmentpolicyandstrategy, several In ordertointegrateandsustainCBDRMintothe CBDRM Key tointegrate&sustain elements strategy, hereissomelessonstobelearnt. CBDRM intothelocalgovernmentdevelopment experiences inmainstreamingandintegrating levels (districtsandprovinces).BasedonIIDP program ofgovernmentespeciallythelocal integrating CBDRMintocommondevelopment efforts areimportantbutnoteffective without policy anddevelopmentstrategy. Mainstreaming and integratingCBDRMintolocalgovernment efforts inmainstreamingCBDRMIndonesia ECHO/DIPECHO and ADPC hasputintensive 2

4 same timesimultaneously weneedtoobtain political supports&recommendations, atthe strategy withNational Institution (s)toget among otherstodiscusstheconceptand disaster responseandpreparedness. community puttingthematthefrontlineof them abouttheimportanceofinvolving to gettheirsupport,weneedconvince workshop andotheractivities.However Government InstitutionintheOrientation as possibleinvolvingoneoftheNational Affairs, etc. Therefore importanttoasmuch BAPPENAS, MinistryofHome Affairs, Social Government Institution(s)i.eBAKORNAS, political supportsfromrelevantNational government, thereisimportanttoreceive applicable. the methodologyneedstobedonemakeit understood andapplied.So,simpli large andcomprehensivethatdif far CBDRMmethodologyhasbeenvery and strategy easier tounderstandandbuyintheconcept clari CBDRM aretwobasicissuesthatneedfurther 9 fi cation to make peopleandgovernment fi cult tobe fi cation of cation fi nancial 8. In the 8. In 7. To sustaintheCBDRMimplementation, Make thelocalgovernmentasorganizer 6. 5. Involve thelocalgovernmentof 9. We needtobeopenandtransparent quality standardandprovidehelpifneeded. keeps IIDP asfacilitator& supporter, maintain drawing competitions,etc). At thesametime easier tounderstandCBDRM(cards,games, develop newinitiativestomakethepeopleis their senseofbelongingtotheprogramand facilitators inthetraining/workshop,toensure as muchpossibleinvolvingthelocal involvement infurtheractivities) and toensureavailabilityofgov’tfacilitators in oflocalleaderstotheconceptandstrategy, of makers, continuedwith TOT forgovernment an orientationworkshopfordecisionandpolicy approved budget).SOweneedtobeginwith funds thatsometimesdidnotincludedinthe (it tookalongertimeandrequireadditional and theoneresponsibleonimplementation. facilitator. to developplan&strategy. IIDP actasa lights, furthertechnicaldiscussionconducted etc). After thehighlevelof location, selectionofparticipants,thevenue, all phaseoftheprograms(Identi explain aboutCBDRM begin toapproachthelocalgovernmentand political supportsandfundingcommitment, government atthisearlystage.OnceIIDP got from adonorbecausewecannotexpectorrely commitment and bureaucracy). aware aboutadministrative requirementsand activities involvebigamount ofmoney. (be donor fundsarelate,especiallyiftheproject/ to providepre- they reallyknowwhatisprovided.Beready government ishappytoprovidesupportwhen allocations, donorrequirementsetc). The local about conditions. in theproposaltosuitlocalsituationand to changeactivitiesorcomponentsagreed Also importanttoget facilities, pocketmoneyortransportation. as wellcash.Forexample:venueand should berequestedtocontributeinkind provide everything;thelocalgovernment fi cials. (To getpoliticalsupportsandbuying fi fi nancial aspectwedonothave to nancial matters(fundavailability, fi nancing asmanytimesthe fi nancial supportindications fl exibility fromdonor fi cials givegreen- papers: theme 1 papers: fi cto of cation fi cas in cials 77/6/06 1:50:41 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 50 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 50 5 4 _ M challenges andimmediate needsmentioned Having therequirements andconsideringthe IIDP’s onCBDRM programs • Formulation ofDisaster/Emergency RevitalizeInstitutionalStructureonDisaster • DecentralizationofDisaster/Emergency • While theImmediateneedstobeful From GovernmentBasedtoCommunity • FromCentralizationtoDecentralization • FromReliefapproachtoMitigation • FromReactivetoPro-active • FromResponsivetoPrevention • FromConventionaltoHolisticParadigm • The paradigmsneedtobechangedare: and ful policy andprogramming,i.e.changeofparadigm and integratingCBDRMintothelocalgovernment There aretwomainchallengesinmainstreaming The challenges: There isatendencyforshorttermcommitment 10. Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

5 i.e. MPBI) using theinitiativerightswithsupportofNGOs Management Law. (Intheprocess,Legislature with higherauthority) coordination mechanism(moreoperational (3 DeputiesplusSecretary)andthe organization thancoordination),thestructure 83 year2005,changedthenature(more organization). PresidentialInstructionno Management atlevels(coordinationvs Infrastructure andequipment - ImprovecapacityandskillsofHuman - StrengthenLocalInstitution(SATKORLAK - Changeofparadigms(asstatedinprevious - Management, by: Based (CBDRM!) 0 Save theChildren. Satlak NiasandSouthsupportedby by IOMwhiletrainingforchildren&youth, for gov’tof will takepart.Forexample:Orientation, TOT to severaldonors,letthemchoosehowthey comprehensive strategyandopenlypropose from donor(s).We needtodevelopa Resources at ProvinceandSATLAK atDistrictlevels) slide) fi lling immediateneeds fi cials &grassroots levelsupported fi lled are: lled

3. Publications anddevelopmentofmodules Technical2. Assistance andfacilitationonrisk Training andOrientationworkshops 1. program strategywhichconsistsof: above, IIDP hasdevelopedacomprehensive Whyisorientationtothepolicyanddecision LeadersofNGOsandBoardDirectors 1. Orientation forPolicyandDecisionMakers modules fordifferent audiences,suchas: on CBDRM.Hence,IIDP developedvarious ﬁ activities insocializingCBDRM,andisthe Trainings andworkshopsareoneofthekey Training and orientation workshops rst stepinconvincingthemulti-stakeholders and relatedmaterials plans assessments anddevelopmentofcontingency .Bdeig rcdrs Te Executive The procedures: c. Budgeting b. Greater needstoshiftparadigmofthe CBDRMconceptandstrategyisrelatively a. makers important? implementation ofCBDRM among ofthelocalstakeholderstowards Disaster Management.c) To getcommitment private sectors)policyandoperationalizationof governance (government,civilsocietyand areas. b)MainstreamingCBDRMintolocal CBDRM implementationintheirrespective of thelocalleadersonimportance are: a).Developsameunderstandingamong Private Sectors). The aims oftheworkshop of Parliaments, (High rankgovernmentof Legislative. should bedoneforboth Executiveand and Districtlevels).So,mainstreaming Legislative forapproval(Nat’l,Provincial develop programsandproposeto meal andrelieforientedapproaches. reactive, governmentcentric/based,piece- implementing centralized,responsive, disaster management.IngeneralGOI implementation ofCBDRM and strategy, andtheadvantagesof understand thebasicprinciples,concept Indonesia andmanyofthemdonotreally new fortheexecutiveandlegislativein ﬁ cr, members cers, 77/6/06 1:50:42 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 51 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M 4. Structure and Bureaucracy. Underthe 3. Approaches. There aredifferences of Differences ofparadigm.Nowadaysparadigms 2. Conceptandmethodology. As anewconcept, 1. Key Issuesandrecommendations: CBDRMtrainingatthegrassrootslevel 3. Training of Trainers forLocalFacilitatorsand 2. 2

5 in alocalgovernment would liketodealwithdisastermanagement sometimes createconfusionwhenanNGO number ofsectors. This un-uniform sectors has decentralization era,eachlocalgovernment approaches areimportanttobeobserved to observetheeffects and outcomes.Both and eventtobeconductedwhileNGOstend The governmenttendtofocusontheinputs approaches betweenNGOandgovernment. to convinceand institutions butnotwellorganized.We need shift isundertakingatvariousgovernment to explainand government institutionsatalllevels.We need CBDRM wasnotwidelysharedyettovarious Satlak) Provincial andDistrictlevels(Satkorlak Disaster ManagementCoordinationof Local GovernmentOf 1 fl exibility tosetuptheirstructure,typeand fi cas speci cials, fi cly for cally fi c at ce strategy. rooms forimprovementofCBDRMconceptand development goalandstrategy. There aremany and integratingCBDRMintolocalgovernment useful toimproveeffectiveness ofmainstreaming IIDP expectsthattheselessons learnedwillbe 7. Sustainability. This isatermthateasyto 6. Implementation strategy. Inmanycases, 5. Funding mechanism. The governmentand money. evaluation) evenwhentheyusedtheirown (planning, implementation,monitoringand the conceptandactivelyinvolvedinallstages is sustainable,thoughgovernmentbuyingin automatic formulatoensureCBDRMprogram say butdif reporting ofnationalbudget,etc. with technicaltrainingonaccountabilityand be. Forexample,a TOT ofCBDRMcombined component takeupmoretimethanIshould contains andsubstance,manynon-CBDRM “CBDRM” butwhenwecarefullycheckedthe government labeledtheiractivitieswith event/activity. and NGOprovidesfundingforacollaborative costs mechanismwherebothgovernment need toreallycarefulinsettingupashared that sometimesdif NGO/donor hasdifferent fundingmechanism fi cult toachieveit. There isno fi cult tocombineit.We papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 1:50:42 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 52 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 52 5 4 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

5 2 Ms Kathleen McLaughlin Kathleen Ms Integrating DisasterMitigationinto CECI Vietnam Local DevelopmentPlanning Safer CommunityPlans: communities. local participationtopromotedisaster-safe include improvingcommunityawarenessand directions foracomprehensiveapproach,which and sustainabledevelopment.Itsetsoutstrategic emphasizes thelinkbetweendisasters,poverty Strategy forDisasterManagement(2001-2010) populations. The government’s SecondNational cause forcontinuingcycleofpovertyvulnerable major constrainttoeconomicdevelopmentanda government identi Reduction Strategy(equivalentofPRSP),the In itsComprehensiveGrowthandPoverty disasters everyyear. level riseisincreasingvulnerabilitytonatural erosion alongcoastsandriverbanks,sea natural resources,lossofprotectionfrom reached $2.4billionUS. The over-exploitationof lost theirlivestodisasters,andtotalcapitallosses Between 1994and2004,morethan6000people of themostdisasterpronecountriesinworld. the Western paci coastline andproximitytothetyphooncenterof areas inmanycountriesof Asia. Withitslong dense andoftenpoorconditionsalongcoastal the extremevulnerabilityofpopulationslivingin The 2004 Tsunami heightenedawareness of Introduction ﬁ c, Vietnam haslongbeenone ﬁ ed repeateddisastersasa 77/6/06 1:50:42 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 53 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 5 4 _ M combined trainingondisaster riskawareness a modelfor‘safercommunity planning’,which types ofshocks. The CACCprojectintroduced vulnerability topovertyandexperienceofother analyze disasterriskswithinthecontextoftheir emphasizes theimportanceforcommunitiesto Community-based disastermanagement planning. reduction andmitigationintolocaldevelopment disaster preparednessandintegrationofrisk based anticipatoryadaptationstrategiesthrough policy-makers toplanandimplementcommunity- capacity ofcommunities,localgovernmentand The goalofthisprojectwasto:Strengthen project details). Change DevelopmentFund(see Annex 1for (CACC) building for Adaptation toClimateChange this context,CECIinitiatedtheprojectCapacity- vulnerability topovertyanddisasterrisks.In more comprehensiveapproachestoreducing moved beyondtheconceptof‘preparedness’ to longer-term strategiesfordisastermitigationthat communities, NGOsanddonorsoftheneedfor 1999 increasedawarenessofgovernment, The major Project Overview into developmentplanning. to advanceonmainstreamingdisastermitigation learned, andproposerecommendationsforhow provinces. Itwillpresentsomeofthelessons been appliedindifferent projectsacrossthree This paperwilldescribethisprocessasithas risk reductionintolocaldevelopmentplanning. of communitiesandlocalgovernmenttointegrate Community Plans”,whichaimstobuildcapacity developed anmodel,centerdaround“Safer and different internationalorganizations,has in partnershipwiththeVietnamese government In itsprogramminginCentralVietnam, CECI, responsibilities ofdifferent levelsofgovernment. mitigation thatconsiderthecapacitylevelsand community-based approachestodisaster necessary tohavemodelsforimplementing in ordertomovebeyondthepolicylevelitis mainstreaming disastermitigation.However, conducive tocommunity-basedapproachesand These strategicdirectionssetapolicyframework 2

5 3 fi nanced underCIDA’s CanadaClimate fl ood inCentralVietnam in disaster mitigationinitiatives. the World Banktoextendthemodelacrossother international organizationssuchasCAREand also providedtechnicalassistancetoother project (see Annex 1forprojectdetails).CECI Environment throughDisasterManagement and theEnhancingHumanSecurity Reduction projectinDanangandBinhDinh follow-up projects:theWater DisasterRisk This modelhasbeenreplicatedintwoother own prioritiesandexistingcapacities. of povertyandtoplansolutionsbasedontheir vulnerability tonaturaldisastersandotherfactors members toworktogetherassesstheir framework forlocalgovernmentsandvillage planning. Essentially, theprojectprovideda with participatorytechniquesfordevelopment . Establishment ofafundtoco- 5. 4. Recruitment andcapacityassessmentof 3. Development oflocalgovernmenttraining Vulnerability assessmentintargetcommunes 2. Capacity developmentneedsassessmentat 1. conditions. The stepsare the following: their risksandimproveoveralllivelihood communities todecideprioritiesthatwouldreduce The aimoftheapproachistoinitiateaprocessfor Safer Planning Community 7. Review of safercommunityplansby 6. Facilitation ofsafercommunityplanningby planning’ atthevillagelevel. capacity assessmentand‘safercommunity local trainerstofacilitatehazard,vulnerability, extension, hygieneandotherrelatedareas. Management, andsector-relatedtrainingin Assessment, ProjectManagement,Financial plan whichincludes:CBDRM,Environmental of and villageswithinvolvementoflocal knowledge andsystems. on CBDRMthatcomplementsexisting district andcommuneleveltodeveloptraining compiled commune-level planstoalocal commune authorities and submissionof training bytheprojectteam. local trainerswithmonitoringandrefresher committee oflocalgovernmentpartners. for criteria, decision-makingprocessandsystem identi fi cials. fi xing allocationsaredevelopedwitha fi ed insafercommunity plans. The papers: theme 1 papers: fi nance priorities 77/6/06 1:50:42 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_039-054_M2 54 0 6 9 9 _ 0 3 9 - 0 54 5 4 _ M training. However, allinvestmentsmust belinked water andsanitation,pre-schools, andextension funded inter-villageroads, drainageandirrigation, dykes andembankments,theprojectshave as emergencyequipment,shelters,repairing preparedness andmitigation’ investmentssuch improvement. As wellasmoretraditional‘disaster process re local governmentforfundingthroughthis The actionsprioritizedbycommunitiesand Priority Actions forInvestment 6. PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning . SaferProductionPlan 5. 4. Social organizations,capacityassessment 3. Infrastructure DevelopmentPlan:existing Emergency Response/DisasterPreparedness 2. 1. Situation assessment disasters. Itincludethefollowingsections: prioritizes actionsforreducingriskstonatural comprehensive planforthelocalareathat Safer CommunityPlansaredevelopedasa 11. Ongoing traininginareasrelevanttosafer 10. Implementation ofactivitiesinpartnership 9. Completion ofgovernmentapprovaland 8. Committee meetingstoallocateCAF, 2

5 Currentland-use andplannedland-use - Agriculture/ Aquaculture: situationanalysis - and trainingneeds resources andplannedimprovements. Plan - Hazard Basic socio-economic data assessment - activities identi analyses, andotherstepstoimplement feasibility analyses,projectenvironmental identi commune anddistrictfundstopriorities fund management. government committeeestablishedforthe 4 activities. reducing croplossanddiversifyinglivelihood and extensiontrainingontechniquesfor management, hygiene,land-useplanning, resistant buildingtechniques,environmental drills, disasterpreparednessplans, community plans:emergencyresponse development groups. with district,communeof changes and plannedimprovements fi ed inthesafercommunityplans. fl ect theiroverallneedsforlivelihood fi ed intheplans. fi cials andvillage training andplanningcycles introducedbythese overall communitydevelopment framework. The analyzing problemsand solutionswithinan to buildcapacityfordisastermitigationthrough directly withcommunitiesandlocalgovernments In alloftheseactivities,theaimistoengage safety aremaintainedinpropercondition. projects toensurethattheseinvestmentsintheir the operationandmaintenanceofstructural communities arebeingmobilizedtoplayarolein of vulnerablecommunities. At thesametime, impact ofthestructuralprojectsinreducingrisks from thesafercommunityplanstoreinforce encouraged toinvesttheirresourcesinactivities The province,districtsandcommuneshavebeen non-structural solutionstodisastermanagement. advantages ofinvestinginbothstructuraland and provinciallocalgovernmentof The WDRRprojectdemonstratestocommunities from CECI. disaster managementwithtechnicalassistance non-structural componentoncommunity-based canals). At thesametime,projectincludeda dyke systems,sluicegates,repairingirrigation disaster mitigationinvestments(upgrading The WDRRproject promoting community-baseddisastermitigation. authorities, pilotedanotherinnovationin and BinhDinh,leadbyUNDP andprovincial Disaster RiskReductionprojectinDanang The replicationofthismodelwithintheWater context. reduction thataredesignedwithinthelocal tools, techniquesandbuilding-practicesforrisk local developmentactivitiesandtoprovide integrating measuresforriskreductioninto The aimistodemonstratetheimportanceof Schoolsareconstructedonhighergroundor • Technical assistanceondisasterresistant • Latrinesaredesignedtopreventspreadof • Inter-villageroadsleadtosaferareasandare • to riskreduction.Forexample: and toactassheltersduringemergencies. are two-storytopromotesafetyofchildren roads, bridgesandschools. techniques areprovidedforthedesignof waste during part ofanevacuationplan. fl oods. fi nancedanumberofstructural fi cials the cials 77/6/06 1:50:42 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 55 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M 2. In principle,nationalandprovincial Responsibilities forplanning, inparticularfor 1. drawn: from whichanumberoflessonshavebeen However, theprocessencounteredchallenges and povertyreduction. community prioritiesforbothdisastermitigation acquired toolsandresourcestoinvestin were supportiveofthisprocessbecausethey budgeting cycle.Ingeneral,localgovernments be integratedintothegovernmentplanningand community-based disastermanagementcould community planningprocessdemonstratedhow priorities identi role inreviewingandallocatingfundsto In providinglocalgovernmentswithacentral Challenges andLessons Learned local developmentinvestments. a disaster mitigationisnotaseparateactivitybut projects demonstratetoallstakeholdersthat 2

fi 5 lter forassessing,prioritizinganddesigning communes. Demonstrating newapproaches considerably acrossprovinces, districtsand and politicalwilltofollow thisapproachvary is notfullyinstitutionalizedandthecapacity strategies. Inpractice,bottom-upplanning disaster mitigationandpovertyreduction as anessentialcomponentofthecountry’s governments endorsebottom-upplanning international donorsandNGOs. across governmentsystemsandbetween ordination, transparencyandaccountability in theseareasrequiresgreaterco- promoting moresustainableapproaches resource ondisastermitigation.However, impact ofland-useandexploitationnatural to raiseawarenessonissuesrelatedthe policy forumswithotherinternationalpartners vulnerability. The projectsheldanumberof and mitigateallthefactorsthatimpactontheir and communitiesarenotinapositiontoassess regulations. Consequently, localgovernments does notalwaysfollowof for theuseoflandandnaturalresources communities islimited.Inaddition,practices between levelsofgovernmentanddownto In manyoftheseareasinformation divided betweendifferent levels ofgovernment. infrastructure developmentandland-useis 5 fi ed atthevillagelevel,safer fi cial policiesand fl ow . Developingandtesting techniquesforreducing 6. 5. Despite efforts tointegratetheplanning 4. Participatory planningandCBDRMdo Building localgovernmentcapacityrequires 3. and diversifyingincome-generating activities crop loss,improvingaquaculture techniques, planning. plans developedthroughthesafercommunity are stillapplyingthedisasterpreparedness has graduallydiminished.However, villages use oftheseplansinprioritizinginvestments during andimmediatelyaftertheproject, their ownresourcesinsafercommunityplans training events.Whilegovernmentsinvested to implementcommunityawarenessand the endofprojectduetolackresources opportunity toapplytheirnewskillsfollowing found thatlocaltrainershavehadlittle Post-project evaluationsfromCACChave entirely avoidthetypical‘project’ downfalls. planning tools,itisdif building ownershiparoundthetrainingand process intolocalgovernmentsystems,and fi adapt participatorytoolsratherthanimposing on buildingthecapacitytounderstandand apply them.Externalprojectsneedtofocus the participationoflocaltrainerswhowill possible andadaptedtothelocalcontextwith planning needtobesimpli on awidescale,techniquesforanalysisand to developapproachesthatcanbeapplied communities andlocalgovernments.Inorder a greatdealoftimeandresourcesboth the sametime,theseapproachesmobilize disaster mitigationandpovertyreduction. At increase theeffectiveness ofinvestmentsin and nottospeci training arerelevanttotheiroverallmandate capacity developmentplansothatskillsand need tobeactivelyengagedindecidingtheir to beapplied.Localgovernmentof resources thatallownewskillsandtechniques training, accompanimentandproviding across localareas. planning forgreaterconsistencyinapproaches engaged ininstitutionalizingparticipatory levels ofgovernmentneedtobemoredirectly for communityconsultationislower. Higher to changetendsbehigherwherecapacity political willtoacertainextentbutresistance to community-disastermanagementbuilds-up xed methodologiesandapproaches. fi c projectobjectives. fi cult forprojectsto fi papers: theme 1 papers: ed asmuch fi cials 77/6/06 2:03:08 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 56 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 56 6 8 _ M provinces. Inonemountainous province,Son adapted andappliedacross anumberofdifferent and preparationofVDP/CDPs thathasbeen systematize toolsforParticipatoryRural Appraisal has supportedthegovernmenttodevelopand Commune DevelopmentPlans.GTZinparticular to bebasedonVillage DevelopmentPlansand in particularbyrequiringloanorgrantinvestments organizations havebeensupportingtheseefforts, democracy decree. A numberofinternational participatory planninginlinewithitsgrassroots and budgetingprovideguidelinesfor administrative reformstodecentralizeplanning of Vietnam hasimplemented anumberof Development Planning: The government Village Development Planning/Commune management: paths forscalingupcommunity-baseddisaster pilots onawider-scale.Belowaresomepotential areas toapplyingthelessonslearnedfromthese CBDRM trainingandinvestmentsintargeted away fromaprojectapproachofimplementing communities. The keychallenge nowistoshift could beadoptedbylocalgovernmentsand for howtoimplementeffective approachesthat contributed tobuildingabodyofknowledge limited inVietnam and piloting thesemodels based disastermanagementwererelatively Five yearsagoexperienceswithcommunity- based Approaches Community- Future Work: Scaling-up Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

5 production techniques. extension outreachfordisasterresistant community planningmustfocusmoreon production. Infuture,newinitiativesforsafer reducing risksinagricultureandaquaculture research linkagesandextensionmodelsfor a constraintindevelopingmoreeffective very limited. The short-projectdurationswere techniques throughextensionsystemsis cropping patternsbutdisseminationofthese many techniquesfordisasterresistance international researchcentershavedeveloped government responsibility. Vietnamese and as theseactivitiesfallmostdirectlyunderlocal was allocatedtoinfrastructuredevelopment investment ofresourcesfromtheseprojects to naturaldisasters. And yet,muchofthe are keyareasforreducingvulnerability 6 number oflocalgovernment training centersforoutreachtoamuchwider and methodsintothecurriculumofgovernment to befocusedonhowintegratethesetools CDBRM trainingprograms,moreattentionneeds techniques. Ratherthanimplementseparate poverty reductionprogramsusingparticipatory government capacitytoimplementtargeted programs havebeendevelopedtoimprovelocal of provincialtrainingcenters.Many in traininglocalof of Vietnam doesinvest signi Government Training Centers: The government organized aroundinstitutionalizingVDP/CDPs. to linkmorecloselywiththedifferent taskgroups require agenciesworkingondisastermitigation prone areas.Working towardsthisgoal,will reduction intotheVDP/CDP processindisaster techniques forvulnerabilityassessmentandrisk The nextchallengeistointegratethesetoolsand fi the VDP exceptthatitpromotesariskreduction planning. The SaferCommunityPlanissimilarto disaster managementwithinlocaldevelopment mechanism formainstreamingcommunity-based builds momentum,itcouldpotentiallyprovidea within moreprovinces.However, asthisprocess process tobeef and NGOsisneededforthisparticipatoryplanning and provincialgovernments,internationaldonors A greatdealmoreco-ordinationbetweennational must followthePRA andVDP/CDP process. district andcommuneplanninginvestment La, theprovincialgovernmentdecreedthatall communes in2districts Outreach: 900–1000households, 9villages,4 Budget: $1M Duration: 2001-2004 Agency Funding: CanadianInternationalDevelopment and mitigationintolocaldevelopmentplanning. preparedness andintegrationofriskreduction adaptation strategiesthroughdisaster implement community-basedanticipatory Objective: Strengthencapacitytoplanand Change Capacity-building for Adaptation to Climate Annex 1: Project Details lter fordecidinganddesigninginvestments. fi cient andtobeinstitutionalized fi cials andhasanumber fi cials. fi cn resources cant 77/6/06 2:03:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 57 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M communes, 4districts,2provinces Outreach: 6000HH,67villages/sections,7 building Component Budget: $2.4Mwith$263,000forCapacity- Duration: September2005-May2006 Funding: UNDP/Netherlands/Luxembourg reduction projects based planningandimplementationofdisaster Strengthen institutionalcapacityforcommunity- livelihood. for disasterriskreductionandsustainable Objectives: Strengthencapacityofcommunities Component Danang and Dinh: Binh Capacity-building Water Disaster Risk Reduction in 2

5 7 December 2007. for thePROMISEprojectfromJanuary2006- urban areasthroughapartnershipwith ADPC CECI isalsoworkingondisastermitigationin 2 districts Outreach: 1200HH,19villages,3communesin Budget: $250,000 Duration: June2005-June2006 Funding: ADB Poverty&EnvironmentFund. planning of disastermitigationintolocaldevelopment coping capacitiesaswellincorporation Initiate grass-rootinterventionstoenhance communities andlivelihoodsinCentralVietnam Objectives: Analyze impactsofclimatechangeon (with Kyoto University) Environment through Disaster Management Enhancing and Human the Security papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:03:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 58 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 58 6 8 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

Local GovernmentCapacityBuildingInitiatives:

5 8 Center for Disaster Preparedness Disaster Center for Ms Lorna PVictoria Philippines Director CDP PhilippinesExperience in thecountry. The NDCC operatesthroughits and supervisingbodyfor disastermanagement (NDCC) isthehighestpolicymaking,coordinating, level, theNationalDisasterCoordinatingCouncil 16 regionsalloverthePhilippines. At thenational municipalities and116 cities in80provincesand (DCCs) supposedlyorganizedunder1,494 (village) leveldisastercoordinatingcouncils emergency response. There are41,960barangay emphasize localself-reliantpreparednessand management systemwhichisdesignedto The Philippineshasestablishedadisaster and actions. all serveasawake-upcallsfordecisivepolicy fl Leyte inDecember2003, 2004, in Quezonand Aurora ProvincesinNovember February 2006,the Guinsaugon, St.Bernard,SouthernLeytein Recent disasterexperiences(themudslidein based approachesindisasterriskmanagement. mitigation andpreventionthecommunity disaster managementactivitiesofpreparedness, and otherstakeholderstorecognizetheproactive recurring disastersiscompellingthegovernment prone countries. The country’s experienceof The Philippinesisoneoftheworld’s disaster General Context ow inCamiguin ProvinceinNovember2001) fl ash fl ood andlandslidesinSouthern fl ash fl od n landslides and ood fl ooding anddebris 77/6/06 2:03:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 59 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M at-risk communitiesand NGOs,CDP nowsees has moreexperiencein workingdirectlywith interactive learningactivities. Although CDP course andmaterialsdevelopment, capacity inCBDRMmainlythroughtraining, replicate CBDRM. Therefore, CDP helpsbuild is essentialtoinitiate,sustain,mainstreamand that capacitybuildingindisastermanagement and developingCBDRM.CDP takesthestand CDP isoneofthechampionsforpromoting processes. into thelocaldevelopmentplanningsystemand structure, andtheresourcestointegrateCBDRM ﬁ Philippine disastermanagementsystem.Inthe other communitiesandthehigherlevelsof by communitiesaloneandarelinkedtothoseof Also manyvulnerabilitiescannotbeaddressed government isintegraltothelifeofcommunity. risk managementprojectorprogram,local exit fromthecommunitiesafteritsdisaster and sustainabledevelopment.WhileNGOs of itscitizens,includingsafetyandequitable has theprimaryresponsibilityforwellbeing developing capacitiesinCBDRM.Government (CDP) havetoworkwithgovernmentin for DisasterPreparednessFoundationInc. disaster management,NGOsliketheCenter To mainstreamlocalandcommunitybased training. given one-off disastermanagement-related only 40%ofthebarangays(villages)hadbeen Local CapacitiesinthePhilippinesnotedthat Practice andOpportunitiesforStrengthening Philippines onCurrentDisasterManagement on-the-ground. A studyconductedbyCARE community disasterpreparednessandmitigation so muchtobedoneputcommunitybased to othercountriesintheregion,thereisstill disaster riskmanagement(CBDRM)compared as havingaheadstartincommunitybased Although thePhilippinesisgenerallyrecognized Management System. Please refertoFig.1onthePhilippineDisaster for preparedness,andmoresomitigation. on emergencyresponse,andarenotfunctional of theDCCsatvariouslevelsarestillfocused are theregionalandlocalDCCs.However, most member-agencies anditslocalnetworks,which nal analysis, government hasthemandate, 2

5 9 building initiatives. as amodelinCDP’s localgovernmentcapacity (at thenortherntipofMindanao)isnowused local governmentunitsinCamiguinProvince CBDRM. A recentengagementinCBDRMwith the needtosupportgovernmentintraining Province Camiguin in CBDRM in Capacity Enhancing Local Government was devastatedby islands comprisingthePhilippinesarchipelago) The islandprovinceofCamiguin(onethe7,100 with CDP andtheCanada-PhilippineLocal Camiguin from April 2002–May2003 together 5 municipalandtheprovincial governmentof Rehabilitation Project”wasundertakenbythe in DisasterPreparedness,Preventionand the “EnhancingLocalGovernmentCapacities another repeatofthe Typhoon Nanang disaster, disaster preparednessandmitigation. To prevent up calltobuildlocalandcommunitycapacityin Typhoon Nanang disasterservedasawake- the volcanoislandin1951. comparable totheMt.Hibok-Hibokeruptionin least Php201million. The damageincurredwas agriculture andinfrastructurewasplacedtoat some 7,172families.Damagetosettlements, missing), injured146personsandaffected fl name Lingling)on6-8November2001. The caused by Typhoon Nanang(international ood claimed166lives(excluding84 declared Figure 1. Philippines Management Disaster System fl ooding anddebris papers: theme 1 papers: fl ow 77/6/06 2:03:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 60 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 60 6 8 _ M the implementationof “BasicStudyonNon- capacity buildingindisaster managementwith local governmentunitsof CamiguinProvincein CDP wasgivenanotheropportunitytoassistthe management. practices inlocalandcommunityleveldisaster government unitswhicharerecognizedasgood in Luzontoshareandlearnfromtheselocal to Legaspi, Albay andGuagua,Pampanga a studytourofthelocalgovernment Aside fromtrainingworkshop,theprojectincluded and smallmitigationmeasures. early warningsystem,safeevacuationcenters action planfor the localdisastercoordinatingcouncilsandan resulted inthereactivationandreorganizationof disaster managementplanningworkshops measures toundertake. The counter-disaster/ of do-abledisasterpreparednessandmitigation safe anddevelopedcommunity, andidenti community validation,avisioningexerciseof capacity assessment)workshopwascappedwith community riskassessment(hazardvulnerability provincial andmunicipalof building activitiesfacilitatedmainlybythe and residentsparticipatedinCBDRMcapacity the villageof Poblacion ofGuinsiliban. At thebarangaylevel, Barangay LoocofCatarman,andNorth Baylao ofMambajao,BarangayBonbonSagay, - BarangayHubangonofMahinog, workshops inonebarangaypermunicipality counter disaster/disastermanagementplanning conducted communityriskassessmentand Municipal Technical Working Groupsasthey The CDP staff mentoredtheProvincialand CBDRM training. pilot barangayineachofthe5municipalities and Development)wereexpectedtoassistone Development, Health, Agriculture, SocialWelfare composed ofmostly Group andProvincial Technical Working Group of mitigation The trainedmunicipalandprovincial community baseddisasterpreparednessand on theconcept,processandtoolsoflocal and attitudeofthelocalgovernment sought toenhancethelevelofknowledge,skills Government SupportProgram. The project Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

ﬁ

cers (calledMunicipal Technical Working 6 0 fi fl cials, communityorganizations oodlevelmonitoring,community fi cers ofthePlanningand fi cr.Te - days 3-4 The cers. fi cation fi fi cers cers 2. Flood anddebris 2. 1. Social surveyandInstitutionalstudyfor The Studyactivitiesandoutputsincluded: Initiateasustainabilityactivityontraining 5. Establishamonitoringsystem 4. 3. Establish asimpleandeffective disaster Increase theleveloflocalpeopleawareness 2. Strengthen disasterpreventioncapacitiesof 1. The objectivesoftheStudywereto: Japan InternationalCooperation Agency. Department ofPublicWorks andHighways Science Co.Ltd.asStudy Adviser throughthe - PhilippinesandwiththeEarthSystem partnership withPaci 2005. The StudywasimplementedbyCDP in Camiguin Province”from April 2004toJanuary Structural DisasterPreventionMeasuresfor 6. Early warningsystem(siren,faxmachine, 5. Public awareness materialsandactivities Local hazardmonitoring(arrangementswith 4. Formulationofwarningandevacuationcriteria 3. areas forstrengthening; current disastermanagementpracticeand baseline dataonlevelofpublicawareness, prevention procedure of disasterprevention Municipal DCC/BarangayDCCs the ProvincialDisasterCoordinatingCouncil/ barangay, bandillo,provisionofadvisoryand generator back-up,megaphones forthe radio baseandhandheld radioswithpower warning boards); (community dialogues,posters,pamphlets, Coordinating Councillevel); river conditionsattheBarangayDisaster Disaster CoordinatingCouncil,watchingof of raingaugestoeachthe5Municipal Disaster CoordinatingCouncil;provision to providespecialforecasttheProvincial Services Administration and Astronomical the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical people atrisk; evacuation routesandcentersfor communities duringcallforevacuation,setting that willguidedecisionmakersandvulnerable high-risk barangays; province, andlargescalehazardmapsfor5 municipalities, integratedhazardmapforthe fi fl c Consultants International ow hazardmappingfor5 77/6/06 2:03:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 61 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M 12. Barangay 11. Disaster preventiontrainingforthelocal 10. Disaster preventionmanualasguideforthe 9. Community evacuationdrillinBarangay 8. Table topdisastersimulationexercises 7. Barangay prone todebris moderately pronetodebris blue: areashighlyproneto highly pronetodebris indicating unsafeandsafeareas(red: From thehazardmapofCamiguinProvince 13. Training oftrainerson before remind allthatevacuation shouldbeundertaken (SAPE canalsobepronouncedasSAFEto to take–Standby, Alert, Preparatory, Evacuation formulated toguidedecisionmakingandactions A 4-stageswarning andevacuationsystemwas Evacuation Plans. maps werebasisforBarangayWarning and community residents. The barangayhazard maps weredrawnbytheBarangayof change inchannelroute),barangaylevelhazard 2

6 Evacuation Plan; Flash FloodandDebrisFlowWarning and of thepeopleinimplementingBarangay Barangay levelsandincreasethecon set upwiththeProvince,Municipaland to testthewarningandevacuationsystem Hubangon intheMunicipalityofMahinog Coordinating Council; Coordinating CouncilandBarangayDisaster Council withtheMunicipalDisaster involving theProvincialDisasterCoordinating and evacuationplan; church andschoolbells) warning bygoinghouse-to-house,ringingof 1 prevention plan; simulation anddrill,formulatingdisaster criteria, systemandprocedures,disaster hazard monitoring,warningandevacuation to usethedisasterpreventionmanual–on government unitsandforcommunitiesonhow the Study; in theproceduresandsystemestablished Disaster CoordinatingCouncilsinCamiguin fl prevention planning;and ow disasterprevention fl ood watersreachthecommunitiesto fl fl ash ash fl ows and ows fl fl ood anddebris oodanddebris fl o and ow fl ash fl ash fl ow; yellow:areas fl fl fl oods incaseof ood anddebris ash fl fl fl ash ow warning ow owdisaster fl fi od and ood cials and cials fi dence fl oods; is usedmainlybyNGOs andcommunities. Resilience andDevelopment). isinFilipinoand ng KomunidadorCommunityPreparedness, Manual (Kahandaan,KatataganatKaunlaran these readilyavailable.CDP’s 4K Training at thelocalandcommunitylevelmakes develops user-friendlytrainingmanualsforuse so manyoftheat-riskcommunities,CDP Since face-to-facetrainingcanonlyreach BuildingCapacity Strategy of Multipliers in warning andevacuationsystem. the coordinatedcommunication or evacuationcenter. PleaserefertoFig.2on bells assignaltogatheratthepick-uppoints megaphone withsirensandringingofchurch through bandillo,housetohouse,useof precautionary actionstotakebythecommunities The Barangaygivesadvisoryandwarningon the BarangayDisasterCoordinatingCouncil. is supportedbyriverconditionsmonitoringc/o the MunicipalDisasterCoordinatingCouncil gauge andradiocommunicationequipmentwith Astronomical Services Administration. The rain Forecast fromthePhilippineGeophysicaland Coordinating CouncilbasedontheSpecial Standby StatusisgivenbytheProvincialDisaster ensure “zerocasualty”). The triggertobeon Figure Building 2.Capacity with Government Local Communication in Flow Warning andEvacuation Units in Camiguin Results in Coordinated System System papers: theme 1 papers: fl ow forearly 77/6/06 2:03:10 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 62 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 62 6 8 _ M Module 4:BarangayRisk ReductionPlanning Module 3:BarangayRisk Assessment Management Module 2:BarangayGovernanceandDisaster Management Module 1:UnderstandingDisasterand package iscomposedof4Modules: Management TrainingWorkshop.training The Guide andSourcebookforBarangayDisaster The outputoftheProjectisaFacilitators’ • incorporate participatoryandbottom-up • combine goodpracticeswithupdated todrawfromgoodpracticeinlocaldisaster • toformulateatrainers’ guideonlocaland • The Projecthad4mainobjectives: Preparedness Center. Alma deLeon,Vice Chair ofthe Asian Disaster CDP (asanchororganization), andMdm.Cora Corporate NetworkforDisasterResponseand Poverty CommissionDisasterVictims Sector, Disaster ResponseNetwork/National Anti- Management Of Albay ProvincialPublicSafetyandEmergency Civil Defense,theMunicipalityofGuaguaand of InteriorandLocalGovernment,Of composed ofrepresentativestheDepartment management, andNGOs. The Working Groupis cited goodpracticesinlocalgovernmentdisaster management agenciesfromthegovernment, Project withaWorking Groupfromkeydisaster Disaster RiskManagementinLocalGovernance in January2005,CDP undertooktheIntegrating Disaster ReductionheldinKobe,Hyogo,Japan to challengesoftheWorld Conferenceon (village) levelisstillinadequate.Responding disaster preparednesstrainingatthebarangay provincial andmunicipal/citygovernmentlevels, building directedtolocalchiefexecutivesatthe While thereareongoingefforts forcapacity Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

6 development planningandimplementation perspectives indisasterriskmanagementand and international) management andgovernance(Philippines concepts, framework,modelsindisaster government units management fromamongPhilippinelocal local governance community baseddisastermanagementand 2 fi ce, andNGOs(Pampanga fi c of ce stakeholders. by governmentpersonnelaswellother World BankCourseonlineisavailedofmostly Community BasedDisasterManagement. The Council, particularlytheSpecializedcourseon of CivilDefense-NationalDisasterCoordinating World BankCourseson-linethroughtheOf CDP wasalsoinvolvedinthecustomizationof through atrainingmanual. be appliedtoothercon children inarmedcon local governmentandcommunitiestoprotect North Cotabato. The experienceofworkingwith Save theChildrenUKand7BarangaysinPikit partnership withBalayRehabilitationCenter, Disaster ManagementandGovernace”in “Integrating ChildrenProtectionRightsinLocal of 1004andthewhole2005projecton CDP alsoundertookwithinthesecondhalf CBDRM? Working with Government in What has CDPGained in . Disasterriskreductionaddressesdevelopment 1. are the challenges ahead? What have we learned? What • In Openedvenuesforventilationofcommunity • CDP isabletouseofresultsdisaster • Training workshopshavebeenenhancedby • Training contentandmaterialsareenriched • Establishedlinesforexchangeofinformation • open tolinkages. problems. Itisamatterofstartingpoints.Be services issues anddialoguesforimprovementof in advocacyworkforCBDRM preparedness trainingwithlocalgovernments technical inputsfromgovernmentpersonnel government agencies by thestudiesandgoodpracticesofdifferent and resources disaster riskmanagement responsive andparticipatoryapproachesin fl uenced governmentforproactive, fl ict situationscanalso fl ict areasinMindanao fi ce 77/6/06 2:03:10 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 63 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M Implication: 2. The complexdisasterproblemrequiresa Implication: 2

6 Formationof Technical Working Groupat - - Development oftrainingmodule on partnerships arerequired. and horizontalverticalcoordination Every stakeholderhassomethingtocontribute participatory, holisticandintegratedapproach. Multi-disciplinarytrainingteamcomposed - ExpandingtopicstocoverinCBDRMtraining - 3 train theBarangay(villagelevel) the Provincial/MunicipalorCitylevelto CBDRM forparticularstakeholdergroups government participants. the governmentiseffective intraining resource persons. A resourcepersonfrom of governmentandNGOstrainersor to promoteCBDRM Belief thatCBDRMworksandthepassion mechanisms, environmentalmanagement ﬁ based approach,sustainablelivelihood, courses –gender, goodgovernance,rights- nancing riskreductionandtransfer Implication: 4. Engage indialoguedespitedifferences to Implication: 3. Good governance(havingstrategicvision, CARE Philippines,May2004 Philippines andM. Alcid, J. Arcilla, C.Dulce,E.Elegadoand Opportunities forStrengtheningLocalCapacities,CARE A StudyontheCurrentDisasterManagementPracticeand Project Reports,CenterforDisasterPreparedness 2005 Resources forPsychosocialCare”,Manila,November28–29, Rehabilitation Philippineson“StrengtheningPartnershipand National ConferenceoftheWorld Association forPsychosocial Management”, presentationbyEufemiaCastro-Andayaforthe5th “Establishing GO-NGOSustainedCollaborationinDisaster Sources CBDRM Training isanopportunitytobridge - meet commonobjectivesinCBDRM Developmentoftrainingmoduleondisaster - be promoted. government accountabletothepeoplehas effectiveness, ef consensus building,responsiveness, rule oflaw, equity, transparency, participation, mistrust betweengovernmentandNGOs. risk managementandgoodgovernance ﬁ ciency…) andholding papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:03:10 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 64 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 64 6 8 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

6 4 Action Contre la Faim Ms Sandrine Roussy Flood DisasterPreparedness Project Cambodia Kampong Cham-Cambodia for andtorespondMekong local authorities,communities andCivilSociety) implicated stakeholders (Cambodiainstitutions, And thespeci of The overallobjectiveistoreducethevulnerability FloodEarlyWarning System - FloodInformationManagement:annual - FloodHygieneManagement - Knowledgecapitalization: capacitybuildingto - Stockpiling ofFloodReliefEmergencyKits - Water supplyandsanitationinexternal - Community BasedFloodMitigation:micro- - Theset-upofaRedCrossVolunteers (RCV) - Activities included: and preparednessprojects. Projects consistedofemergency Management (PCDM). well astheProvincialCommitteeofDisaster partners, theProvincialRedCross(PRC),as DipECHO andMRC,beingcarriedoutwithlocal Disaster Preparednessprojectsco-fundedby in KampongChamsince1998,with4Flood A fl damage survey/database local authorities internal safeareas projects network witharangeoftrainingcourses ood-effected communitiesto Action Contre laFaim Cambodia since1989andhasworked ction ContrelaFaim(ACF)ispresentin fi c objective istoprepareall fl ood disasters. ood fl fl ood disasters. ood ood response ood fl ood 77/6/06 2:03:11 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 65 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M Warning System whichcanassistpeoplein income. Thus, developmentofa persons andpropertyconsumes vitalhousehold save propertiesandlivesanymovementof village. The decisiontostayormoveiscrucial of the week toseveralmonths,dependingontheextent is forfamiliestore-locateSafe Area, from1 exceptional seasonal various copingmechanismsforbothnormaland The vulnerablecommunitieshaveevolved line departments. responsibilities orwiththelocalauthoritiesand various institutionschargedwithdisasterrelated established withthemainactorsinvolved, Further, goodworkingrelationshipshavebeen issues andsituationwithinthelocalcontext. good understandingof Since severalyears, ACF hasdevelopedavery SetupFloodinformationmanagement • ProvidingFloodEarlyWarning System • DevelopmentofLocalDisasterManagement • are: The axesde PCDM, aswellaclearfocusonCCDM. achievement ofthecapacitybuilding The strategyproposedon2005-2006isthe and numberofvulnerablepeople). number ofvillagespotentiallyaffected by most populatedofCambodia(whichislinktothe NCDM) andbythefactthatprovinceis justi The selectionofthisareainterventionisalso diseases). situation irremediablyworsening,waterrelated (housing damaged,cattleandfoodsecurity Cambodia, buttheprejudicecanbeenormous events. Bene boat, orloosingalltheirgoodsduringthe especially thepoorestpeople,unabletorenta Cambodian context. This vulnerabilityaffects considered as‘wealthy’ incomparisontothe independent tothefactthatprovinceis ﬂ focussed ontheirregularandexceptionalannual ACF strategyinKampongChamprovinceis oods, whichcreatesaspeci 2

6 Structures andPlanning 5 fi ed bycoordinationchoices(includingwith fl ood andthe situationofhouseholdand fi fi t of t ned toimplementthisstrategy fl oods (alluvium)islimitedin fl ooding. The mainoption fl ood disasterrelated fi c vulnerability c fl od Early ood fl oods fl ood • Building CCDMcapacity:Coordination after theeventualdepartureof ACF. agencies inKampongChamorotherprovinces adopted bynationalDMinstitutionsandother provincial tothecommunitylevel,whichcanbe community disasterpreparedness,fromthe In thisway ACF aimstoprovidemodelsfor will betterpreparethemtoreactthese information andskillsto cost effective activitiesthatthroughproviding in future. Activities arefocussedonsustainable, build capacityandownershipoftheprogramme with bothkeynationalDMpartnersinorderto Projects areconductedincloseco-operation for localstakeholders. making suchdecisionsappearedasonepriority DistrictandCommune DisasterManagement • StrengtheningPCDMcapacity:Donationof • strategy. Cambodian legalproceduresandgovernmental needs relatedtoDM,whichisintotallinkwiththe more autonomousintheidenti The aimisalsotogettheCommunesprogressively mitigation) totheinstitutionsandcivilsociety. the capacityofintervention(preparednessand follows logicofdisengagement,transferring The strategyof ACF inDisasterManagement Development ofLocalDisasterManagement 1. Project Description of ACF Current Develop acurriculumfor formationofCCDMs, meeting oncomposition androleofCCDM, Communelevel:Developmentof - Districtlevel: Training in 1pilotdistrict, - plans: working groupmeetings Preparedness andMitigationPCDM PCDM workinggroup& Training onDisaster provincial HeadofDepartments,Creation material support, Awareness Workshop with Structures andPlanning measures by7CCDMs Implementation ofDisasterRiskReduction DM planby7CCDM,Provisionofbudget& District DMplan Workshop in1pilotdistrict,Writing 1 fl ood pronecommunities papers: theme 1 papers: fi cation oftheir fl oods. 77/6/06 2:03:11 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 66 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 66 6 8 _ M Setup procedurestorespondwarning • • Identi • Participatory EWSmeetingswith39 through theseactivities: encountered atthecommunitylevelin2003, participative approachtosolvethedif This iswhy ACF wantedtoadoptamore EWS project. design, implementationandmonitoringofthe project bene However therehasbeenlimitedparticipationof village. aware ofthepresenceaEWSboardin villagers respondingthattheywere,atleast, to MRC the EWSproject. Almost allvillageshadaccess VHF ICOMradioowner)intheimplementationof PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning commune, villageof local level. ACF hasmanagedtoinvolvedistrict, stakeholders fromthenational,sub-nationaland and hasenjoyedthesupportenthusiasmof The EWSprojecthasbeenimplementedin2003 ProvidingFloodEarlyWarning System 3. MaterialsupporttoPRC/PCDM(computer, • Productionofaprovincialset • Training onmappingandGIStoPCDM • Compilingofprovincial • Collectionof2005 • For thiscurrentproject,theactivitiesincluded: management activitiesandpolicy. in analysingsituationandplanning precious toolforPRCandPCDMtoassistthem networks. The databasehasthepotentialtobea the ProvincethroughRCVsandlocalauthority damage datafromall ACF andPRChascollectedsince2000 SetupFloodinformationmanagement 2. 2

6 communities on GIS) information maps working groupandPRC and Mitigation Training of7CCDMonDisasterPreparedness 6 fi xed fi cation ofwarninglevelsandmarking fl ood forecastswithamajorityofthe fl ood marks ood fi ciaries atthevillagelevelon fi cials andvolunteers(RCVs, fl fl ood damagedata ood-prone villageswithin fl ood relateddata fl ood disaster fl ood related ood fi culties fl ood Receptionanddisseminationof • CoordinationandpartnershipbetweenPCDM • • Ef OwnershipoftheprojectbyPCDM-DCDM • Positive points 4. Lessons learned Forecastandwarningawarenesssessionsin • DevelopIECmaterialsforcommunitiesand • Broadcastingof3radiospotsand • DisseminationofForecastandWarning in • EachdepartmentsofPCDM shouldbeinvolved • 5. Challenges Mostactivitiesandresponsibilities ofeach • • Dif Negative points EWSisalowcostsystemandeasyto • • Ef Weakness forthedisseminationof • ThetimetableofbroadcastingRadio drama • and PRCtodisseminatethe warning levelbyPRC - CCDMandcommunities secondary schools schools forecasts byFMRadio Radio 39 Villages byEWSVolunteers andByFM and warninglevelPRCPCDM ReplicationofEWSandFlood Information - HandovertoPCDMabout themanagement - Planning permanently onDisasterManagementand on theemergencyresponseonly PCDM memberarestilllimitedandfocusing volunteers forecast andinformationonbehalfoftheEWS manage fl activities inthevillages and tofollowEWSFloodInformation the villagers and illiterate people,women,distanthousehold ood forecastandradiodramabyFM fi fi ciency ofdisseminationforecastand ciency andrelevanceof broadcastingof fi PCDM Data inotherprovince byNCDMand Management of theEWSandFloodInformation cult accessofforecastmessagefor fl ood forecastisnotalwaysadaptedto fl od forecast ood fl ood forecast fl fl ood ood 77/6/06 2:03:11 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 67 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - 0 6 8 _ M • Reinforce EWSvolunteerscapacities: • Improvement ofEWS:adaptedthe Coordinationandcollaborationshouldbe • 2

6 communes more participatorywiththevillagersand of awarenessinschools,etc… materials, simpli broadcasting offorecastonFMradio,IEC Workshop onEWSandFIDatNational - - Handbook developmentonEWSat NGOs, Ministries,etc…) done withallstakeholders(localauthorities, 7 level forallinterestedDMstakeholders National level(NCDM,NGO,CRC,etc…) ﬁ ed theEWSboard,campaign papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:03:11 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_055-068_M2 68 0 6 9 9 _ 0 5 5 - Set-up ofDrought EarlyWarning System(DEWS) 0 68 6 8 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2 Implemented by ZOA Refugee Care in cooperation with the Oddar Meanchey

6 8 Provincial Committee for Disaster Supported by DIPECHO in OddarMeancheyProvince, Cambodia Management (PCDM) Ms Bernie O’Neill ZOA Cambodia ZOA help thepeopleiftheydon’t havelandtofarm. Water management systemsalonecannot the community, notonlydrought. plans. These plansencompassallrisksfacedby to developandimplementdisasterriskreduction are carriedoutandDRMcommitteestrained committees. Village disasterriskassessments training ofvillagedisasterriskmanagement A keyelement ofthestrategyisselectionand irrigation wellsaretheproposedsolution. there isnowatersourceclosetotheirland,then can bedeepenedintoanirrigationpond).If (which canbedammed)oranaturallake whether theirricelandisadjacenttoastream sessions withZOA technicalstaff -itdependson therefore decidedonbythepeopleinsmallgroup The typesofwatermanagementstructuresare that directlybene Only rehabilitationorconstructionofstructures on thetargetpeople,notstructuresalone. in OddarMeancheyprovince. The emphasisis strategy toadditsoveralldevelopmentinitiatives led ZOA tofocusonwatermanagementasakey Droughts overthelast3-4yearsinODMhave of drought. improved riceproductiontocombattheeffects of capacitybuilding,watermanagementand The programappliesanintegratedstrategy Overview Program ﬁ t thetargetgrouparechosen. 77/6/06 2:03:12 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 69 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 3 0 _ M monitoring droughtconditions. (PCDM) tosetupanearlywarningsystemfor Provincial CommitteeforDisasterManagement climate changeeffects soZOA isworkingwiththe an obstacleinrecognizingtheoveralltrendof Lack ofinformationaboutrainfallhasbeen tractor pergroup. of 12farmersareformedtoreceiveonehand people donothavethesesmalltractors,groups or smallhandtractors(calledkohjuns). As the can beploughedinsuccessiveyearsbyanimals hires tractorstoploughtheland,afterwhichit and thepeopledonothavetractorssoZOA ploughed forthe and animaltraction. This newlandcannotbe have notbeenabletouseitastheylacktools to farmersbythelocalauthoritiesbutthey land forriceproductionhasbeenallocated rotating chamkar(slash&burn)farming. The The diagrambelowshowsanextractfromthedataentrysheetofdatabase: commune, atthecentralpointofcommune. project area,raingaugesareinstalledineach In ordertocollecttherainfalldatathroughout WorksHow DEWS the prepare permanentrice Therefore ZOA isactiveinassistingfarmersto 2

6 9 ﬁ rst timebycowsorbuffaloes, ﬁ elds insteadofdoing rice willbedestroyedafter2weekswithnorain were set-thefarmersreportedthattheirpaddy interviews withthefarmers,thesetimeperiods pumping isnecessarytosavetherice.Basedon level, the“redalert”ishighlightedtoindicatethat irrigation mayberequired. After 10dayswitha0 an “orangealert”ishighlightedtoindicatethat If thewaterbuffer levelis0for7daysinarow, on thetemperature,humidityandwindspeed. of lossvariesfrommonthtodepending be lostthroughevapo-transpiration. The rate amount ofrainfallandtheexpectedto level ofthesoil,takingintoconsideration alert. This alertislinkedtothe“waterbuffer” The databaseissetupfora7-dayand10-day mis-interpretations overtheradio. the radio-eddatatoensuretherehavebeenno the month. This reportisthencheckedagainst season andthefullreportissentatendof ed intwiceaweekduringthemainricegrowing accuracy, sendtothePCDM. The dataisradio- Resources &Meteorologywho,aftercheckingfor data issentinitiallytotheDepartmentofWater the PCDMsecretariattoenterthisdata. The the evening). A databasehasbeensetupat twice aday(onceinthemorningandonce Volunteers aretrainedtorecordtherainfall papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 12:51:33 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 70 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 70 3 0 _ M additional mentoring. through directvisitstothevolunteersand Department ofWater ResourcesandMeteorology The relay thewarningsbacktocommunity. to thePCDMisdelayedanditalsodif communes meansthatinformationtransmission or telephonenetwork)insomeoftheremote 2. Lackofcommunicationssystems(noradios were oftenrecordedincentimeters. ﬁ mistakes inrecordingthelevels–forexample, have veryloweducationandmadesome 1. The volunteersselected inthecommunes during thisshorttestingperiodtodate: Two mainobstacleshavebeenencountered Challenges Faced toDate alert, thecommunewillbeinformed. same process–orifsuf to red,thePCDMwillagaininformthrough that requireimmediateirrigation.Ifthealertturns physically inspecttheir group leadersinthevillages. The farmersthen DRM committeesinformthefarmersthrough DRM committeeineachvillage(inperson). The applicable). The communeinformsthevillage concerned byradio(ormobilephonewhere PCDM secretariatwillcontactthecommune station/commune showsanorangealert,the information backfromthePCDM.Whenany committees arethekeypointtoreceive At thevillagelevel,disasterriskmanagement three weeks. but thatthedroughttolerantricecansurvivefor Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning gures thatshouldberecordedinmillimeters 2

7 0 fi rst pointaboveisbeingaddressedbythe fi elds todetermineareas fi cient rainreversesthe fi cult to cult place bythestartof2006rains. communes willhavecommunicationsystemsin been agreeduponanditisexpectedthatall them regardinglocations. All locationshavenow System andwehavebeencoordinatingwith also hadaplanaspartoftheirHealthReferral NGO workinginOddarMeanchey(Malteser) communes buttheplanwasdelayedasanother ZOA hasaplantoinstallradiosintheremoter Regarding thecommunicationssystems, no waterstorednearby. but wheredothefarmerspumpfromifthereis DEWS mayindicateanalertto“startpumping” systems tobeinstalledthroughouttheareaas Finally, thereisaneedforlotmoreirrigation rainy season. will requirealotofmonitoringoverthecoming community hasnotyetbeenfullytested. This rainy season,thefeedbacksystemto As thesystemwasonlyset-upduringlast actual dataforeachreportingstation. provided totheDRMcommitteesrecord database, additionalequipmentwillneedtobe formula. Inordertoimprovetheaccuracyof data hasbeenusedindevelopingthewaterloss is inneighboringSiemReapprovinceandthis data isnotavailable. The nearest weatherstation equipment inOddarMeancheyprovince,this and windspeed.Duetolackofappropriate to workthisout–temperature,airhumidity systems. Three keyparametersarenecessary transpiration iskeytotheaccuracyofwarning The calculationofwaterlossthroughevapo- DEWS ofthe Sustainability Additional Tasks toEnsure Necessary 77/6/06 12:51:34 PM / 6 / 0 6

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7 1 Ms Henny Vidiarina Dwi Mr Jhon Piter Manalu CAREInternational Indonesia and Community LevelInformation and EarlyWarning System . Kalimantanisapeat 1. The fourmainissues: surveys andresearchactivities. Forestry department)whichhasbeenconducting government (Environmentaldepartementand Humanitarian agencies(CARE)andlocal Research Center, UniversityCollegeofLondon), ICRAF), academic(Ben agencies i.eresearchagency(CIDORdan and CentralKalimantanasconcludedbyvarious There arefourmainissuesinEastKalimantan Overview Project 2. The underlyingcausesofPeatFireare policy decisions). As suchtounderstand by developmentprojects andinsuf resources, populationtransformation forced social condition(unclearownershipoverland (degradation ofpeatlands),weather, and (human, lightning,etc),ecosystemcondition by acombinationofignitionsources varies andcomplex. These and sixbillionUSDollars. losses wereestimatedtobebetweenthree grass landinEastKalimantan. The economic 5.2 millionhectareofforests,agriculturaland the worst season prolongedbytheElNiñophenomena 1997, 2002).In1997-98duringadrought peat last twentyyears,therehasbeensixmajor fi re occurance(1983,1987,1991,1994, fi res inIndonesia’s historyaffected fi re-prone areas.Forthe fi eld GreighHazard papers: theme 1 papers: fi res arecaused fi cient 77/6/06 12:51:34 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 72 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 72 3 0 _ M to facilitatecommunities toadjustanatural focus changedfromrelief assistanceandrecovery district. The programgraduallyevolvedandthe assistance inthemostaffected region;theKutai Initially CAREfocussedonprovidingrelief over 11.6 millionhaofland burnt. were hospitalisedduringthe1997-98 PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning the numberofpeopleaffected: 267,000people the singlelargestdisasterinIndonesiabasedon and itsimpactsisduetothefactthat CARE’s involvementinaddressingforest recovery offorest CARE hasbeeninvolvedinrehabilitationand 4. Insuf CommunitiesinCentralandEastKalimantan 3. 2

7 fi and localknowledgeareneccessaryforthe integration ofscienti facilitation ofthetransferknowledgeand and unreachablebythecommunity. The and informationsystemthatareunreadable types obtainingasophisticated developed formanyclimateandvegetation Early warningsystemsof of rivers,vegetationchanges,etc.Meanwhile bird andanimalmigration,changesindebits are changesinweatherpatternsre related tochangesinnature.Mostprofound actually abletoidentifyearlysignsthatmostly process. Inmostcommunities,peopleare mortality. acute respiratoryinfectionsandincreased resulted inincreasedmorbidityparticular impact tothepopulationexposedhaze Peat land known (denguefewer, ratandmiceplagues). happened lessfrequent( hazards andrelateddisasterthatpreviously to communities signi particular indeeppeatareaswhichhasmade caused signi severely underminedlivelihoodsand are heavilyaffected by shared understandingoftheproblem. stakeholders intheresearchtodevelopa analysis. This needsinvolvementofthemajor science researchandin-depthparticipatory vegetation analysisneedtobelinkedsocial underlying causesof 2 re management. re fi res whileithasledtoexposureother fi ceinet earlywarningsystemand fi res arecausingsigni fi cant environmentalchangesin fi re communitiessince1998. fi cnl mr vulnerable more cantly fi c andtechnicalsystem fl fi oods) orwerehardly redangerhavebeen fi re, hotspotand fi res. Fires have fi fi cant health cant r warning re fl fi ected in ected fi rs and res rs are res fi res 1

1980’s, justbeforethe on theforestsfortheirlivelihoods,whilein Pre 1980’s mostcommunitiesinthearearelied environment thathadchangeddramatically. forest of ratsandmiceplaques.Simultaneouslythe the arealikewidespread had causednewhazardspreviouslyunknownto below 10% communal plots),GAMratesstartedtodrop technologies atfarmer started HEARTH activities andadoptedLEISA relief assistance.Onlyin2002afterCAREhad remain so,althoughCAREprovidedsigni (GAM) rateofaround16%andcontinuedto CARE measuredaGlobal Acute Malnutrition in theash). At thetimeCAREstartedin1998, year thecropsstillcanaccessnutrientsstored second andthirdyearafterthe to severelydepressedyields,inparticularlythe are storedinthevegetation. This inreturnled in tropicalecosystemsmostofthenutrients • Community baseddisastermanagement Advocacyandpublicawarenessrising.CARE • level. The strategyisthree tieredandinvolved vulnerabilities atcommunityandhousehold disaster riskstrategythataimedataddressing In responseCAREdevelopedacommunitybased on the1997/98 rattan tradehaddiminished.Studiesconducted main sourceoflivelihoodswhileafter1998,the in 1983,rattanandotherforestproductswerethe factor man madewitharsonbeingthemostimportant became alsoclearthatmostofthe as theworstdisasterinIndonesianhistory. It led tosigni based emergencyresponse capacitythrough through theestablishment ofcommunity 6 districts. Disaster managementplanandregulationin and communityhasfacilitatedthedraftingof CARE incollaborationwithlocalgovernment Disaster ManagementBill.Inprovinciallevel management) hasfacilitatedthedraftingof MPBI (IndonesianSocietyforDisaster National levelCAREincollaborationwith support andconsultationmechanism.In in Indonesiathroughasystematicnetwork legal frameworkfordisastermanagement promotes andsupportsthedevelopmentof 2 fi . Furthermore,theenvironmentalchange reshadledtolossofsoilfertilitybecause 3 . fi cant damageandwererecorded fi res showedthatthe fi rst serious rst fi elds (ascomparedto fl ooding andoutbreaks fi fi r (the re re outbreak re fi rs were res fi rs had res fi cant fi rst 77/6/06 12:51:35 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 73 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 3 0 _ M CAREdevelopedanintegratedagricultural- • 2

7 LowExternalInputSustainable Agriculture, - nutrition programthatconsistedof: a mediacampaign tensions andincreasedpreparednessthrough green belts,landleaseagreementstoreduce reduction throughvisionmapping,integrated community 3 livelihoods. to inter plantingrubberwithbananas. This coping strategieslikerattanplantingor organic fertiliserorstrengthenexisting cultivation techniquese.g.theuseof such asnewcrops, exposing farmerstoalternativelivelihoods fi nd alternativesforlostforestbased fi re brigadesanddisaster risk 4 . fi sheries andimproved is activelyinvolvedinpolicydevelopment and districtlevel.UndertheSIAP projectCARE Indonesian Governmentatcentral,provincial CARE isworkinginclosecollaborationwiththe • Community basedearlywarningsystem • - Health/nutrition education andfood scienti that linksmonitoringoflocalindicatorswith behaviour changeliketheHEARTH model approaches thataimedatfacilitating that thiswasnoteffective andintroduced and supplementaryfood.CARErealized health educationandprovidingstaple assistance. Initiallythefocuswason leverage nutritionalimpacts. and redesignofagriculturalactivitiesto fi c earlywarningsystems. papers: theme 1 papers: 5 77/6/06 12:51:35 PM

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 74 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 74 3 0 _ M . Tabular analysisonFireDangerRating,i.e: 1. performance, whichare: to beundertakenmeetaquali In peatlandareasvariousassessmentneed of scienti or predictscomingintenseevents,onthebasis One oftheEarlyWarning processistoforecasts A Forecast andPrediction Section A reactionsection. 3. A warningsection 2. A forecastandpredictionsection. 1. sections: The EarlyWarning Systemcontains threemain systems. ﬁ communication systemsandlinkingofexisting based monitoringofindicators,radio Warning Systemthatencompass community Geophysical Agency) aimtodevelopedEarly department andBMG(Meteorological ﬁ Under SIAP project,CARE withtheprovincial System Warning Key Elements of the Early within theirvillageboundaries. the authoritycommunitieshaveoverresources affected communities. All theselawsunderline developed yettoempowermarginalizeddisaster reduction strategies,whichhavetobefully opportunities todevelopcommunitybasedrisk on forestry. These actsprovidesigni Act no.22/25ondecentralisationand Act 41 and tofacilitatecommunitiesimplement community baseddisastermanagementcapacity This strategyhasbeeneffective andindeveloping management atvillagelevelthrough community baseddisasterriskreduction developing landuseplansandinstitutionalise community levelthroughenhancingcapacityin decentralisation anddemocratisationat disaster management.CAREaimstostrengthen Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning re hazardratingsystemsandElNiñowarning re managementcenter, theenvironmental 2

7 b. Fuel moisturecontentthrough meteo- Fuelloadsthroughgroundmeasurements a. 4 rological dangerindices andspaceborne and satellite-generatedinformation fi c knowledgeandmonitoring results. fi fi e forecast ed re brigades. fi cant and rainfallprobabilitydataindynamic events) detectedbyusingNOAA-AVHRR data haze conditionsandhotspots(hottemperature Keetch-Byram-Drought-Code weatherforecast, the FireDangerRatingIndex(FDR)basedon The provincial local indicatorswith organize FGD(FocusGroupDiscussion)tolink training. CAREfacilitatescommunitiesto ratings calculation&updateaswellcommunity Geophysical Agency) toconduct CARE isworkingwithBMG(Meteorological& indicators likedailyrainfallandtemperature. brigades. These station measures meteorological stationsmanagedby CARE hasestablishedanetworkofvillage 4. Policies development(integratingearly Vulnerability analysisandsummaryoftrends 3. 2. Impact analysisandsurveillancestrategy . Monitoring,analysingandpredictevents(i.e. 1. comprehensive resultonthefollowing: is usinganintegratedapproachtoobtain The processofanalysisfortheEarlyWarning mapping. 2. Spatial Analysis on: warning intopolicy, etc) in environmentalandsocio-economicfactors reservoir storage,migration,etc) on theeventaffects (food supplyandprices, earthquake, . Hotspottrendbasedonlanduse(Prediction b. a. Hotspottrendsbasedon c. Hotspot trendbasedonspatialplanning c. f. Prediction ofclimatechangeand e. Prediction ofclimatevariabilityand d. Assessment ofsmokepollutionthrough Prediction offorestandland c. of human-caused towards road and landzoning danger danger surface windprediction spaceborne monitoringofactive and behaviorsthroughairborne patterns canbeidenti dryness) fromwhichthepropagation information (vegetationdrynessandsoil fi fl re centerfurthermoreformulate oods, drought,etc) fi re dangerratingresults. fi re factors) re fi ed aswell fi r distance re fi fi fi r danger re r hazard re r spread re fi res fi r risk re fi fi fi re re re 77/6/06 12:51:36 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 75 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 3 0 _ M drought and information willgreatlyreduce thevulnerabilityto believes thataccesstoreliableclimateforecast ﬁ level. CAREwillprovideassistanceduringthe preparedness andforplantingatthecommunity at thedistrict/subdistrictlevelfordisaster climate forecastinformationfordecision-making among variousparticipatinginstitutionstouse constraints. CAREwillthenfacilitatediscussion as exploringalternateoptionstoaddressthose users tomakeuseofclimateinformationaswell decision cycleandassessconstraintsofend- options forinjectingclimateinformationintothe on livelihoods,seasonal/decisioncalendars, climate relatedproblems,seasonalstress Design (PAID) documentforunderstanding generate Problem Analysis inImplementation ADPC andCAREincollaborationwithIRIwill management plan. designing spatialdevelopmentplananddisaster will helpthedecisionmakerinprocessof table andsimplifythemassages. The massages to visualizetheanalysisresultintovisionmapor community andlocalgovernmenttoenablethem CARE hasconductedaGIStrainingtothe rst yearofimplementationthisproject.CARE 2

7 5 fl oods. A Warning Section innovation forthefollowing reason: Community radiohasthe potentialtobesuchan information accesstothe communitiesquickly. to developinnovativewaysinprovidingan The remotenessofKalimantanurgesCARE coherently withradiocommunitymechanism. will accommodateasuf PIL (EnvironmentalInformationCenter)that describe theinformationsysteminformof and politicalaspect. The either intechnicalaspectaswellasocial provide response-orientedrecommendations and protocols. The warning sectionmust process, andprovisionoftheneededequipment fi including applicationofa“system”forpredicting Key actionundertakenforthedisseminationis when anticipatedeventarrives. to effectively preparefor and responsiblyreact aware ofthepotentialimpactsthatleadthem communities arewellinformedandsuf prediction) topublic. The objectiveisthat to communicatesectionone(forecasting& A Warning sectionisacommunicationstrategy re dangerandrisk,organizationtoimplementthe fi cient warningsystem fl papers: theme 1 papers: ocat bellow owchart fi ciently 77/6/06 12:51:37 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 76 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 76 3 0 _ M PIL (PusatInformasiLingkungan–Environment InformationCenter) is correctlyunderstoodbythecommunityat hazard, risk,vulnerability, andcapacityelements) In thissectionweensurethattheinformation(on Section A Reaction 5. Appropriate toolsfortheintegrationof Transmits4. informationtotheauthoritiesand Allowcommunitytoenhancetheirabilitybe 3. The earlywarningsystems (managed bythe 2. 1. Ensures quickaccesstoinformationfor Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

7 extension andhealthmessages. market pricesoffarmersaswellagricultural communities withinformationofshared with SpatialDevelopmentPlanbyproviding Community BasedDisasterRiskReduction threatened population prepared for delivered tothetargetcommunities. community radiobywhichservicescanbe provincial participatory manner. remote communitiesatminimumcostsina 6 fi re centers&BMG)arelinkedto fi res. disaster managementanddevelopmentplan. integration of which incorporateEWSmechanismand have revisedtheold-versionofFireRegulation EWS mechanisms. The ProvincialForestOf regulation draft(Perda)whichhaveincorporated Timur andKutai Timur) havedevelopedlocal two districtsinEastKalimantan(KotaWaringin Management PlanusingEWSmechanism,while Kota Waringin Timur) havedevelopedDisaster (Palangkaraya, Kapuas,PulangPisau,and section. FourdistrictsinCentralKalimantan as describedinwarningsectionandforecast the Warning massagesthathasbeendeveloped CARE hasfacilitatedlocalgovernmenttoreact local disastermanagementschemes. of thissegment,aswelllinksintonationaland in thedecision-makingprocessarekeyelements administrative problemsaswellriskperception disaster managementplan.Organizationaland protective measuresaretakenthroughsuf risk andlocalauthorities,thatsubsequent fi re managementintobroader fi cient fi ce 77/6/06 12:51:38 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_077-078_M2 77 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 7 - 0 7 8 _ M . Theplanningandimplementation of activities 5. The communicationmechanism(awareness 4. 3. The productionofthelocalindex(risk The organizingcollectionandprocessingof 2. 1. The developmentofthemechanisms EWS include: sustainability. Basicallythe community’s rolesin Early Warning Systemdetermine theEWS The clearrolesofcommunityinvolvementin Clear Roles Sustainable Basis the Warning System on a Capacity Building to Manage Strategy for Community or Local 2

ﬁ as oneofthemostfuelmoisturecontentto 5,000 hagrasslandordryvegetateindicated content; prioritiseEWStoareasofmorethan and privatesectorswellunderstandthe again theregulationtoensurethatpopulation regulation oncontrolled 2007, i.eimplementEWSbyreviewingthe the districtdisastermanagementplan2006- recommendations hasbeensummarisedin of forestandLand.Further, numberof mitigation, recoveryandrehabilitation Forest &LandFireresponsetopreparedness, extent thecomponentofexistingregulationon integrated DisasterManagementPlan,andto planning fromvariousagenciesthroughan Management targetistoachieveanintegrated development, thattheForest&LandFire on DisasterManagementPlan2006–2007 District stated,duringthedistrictworkshop System. The HeadofKotaWaringin Timur is crucialforthesustainableEarlyWarning The politicalcommitmentfromthegovernment regional, andlocallevels. recognition ofresponsibilitiesatthenational, The earlywarningprocessinvolvesthe

re.

7 to respondanEWSbefore theeventoccur raising andinformationdissemination) assessment) data (monitoring) (Forecasting, warning,andreaction) 7 fi re andre-socialised Theyplayaroleaswarningagencybased Adat(Traditional) Institution 3. Theyplayanimportantrole asdissemination CommunityLeaderandReligiousLeaders 2. Theyarethemainactorinmobilizing Village developmentcadres 1. System: The keycomponentforthelocallyEarlyWarning Key Component Identify EWStechnique(fromdatacollection,analysis 2. EWS instrument. A combinationoftraditional 1. fore needtoinclude: The scopeofcommunitycapacitybuilding,there andTechniqueInstrument ofTraditionalCombination &Modern to haveaccessinformation andexpertise ensuring effort tolocalpolicymakersandleader building needtobeobtainedcoherentlywiththe maintenance system). The communitycapacity (from governmentprovisionuptoself-help local wisdom,and warning thatintegratescienti policies developmentwhichfocusesonearly System; thereforeweneedtopromotelocal contributing factortosustainableEarlyWarning The decentralisationinIndonesiaisa Authority fromPolitical Local Commitment management;. knowledge ondisasterpreventionand documenting (Datastorage)traditional community meetingorwrittennotice; on localknowledgethatcanbedonethrough government. process amongcommunity, private,and important roleasfacilitatorinthenegotiation section, theycanbeeffectively playan agent andinformationsources.Inthereaction knowledge andskillindisastermanagement. information management,andhaveabetter reaction scope) methodology, communicationstrategy, and mapping. recommended forthealertingdevicesand innovative andsimpleinstrumentisstrongly instrument andmoderntechnologyan fi nancial supportmechanism fi c technologyand papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:10:39 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_077-078_M2 78 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 7 - 0 78 7 8 _ M Lackoflocalresources( • OrientationinEWStothecommunitieshas • Social: System warning Community Information Center/ Establishing in Challenges Thebudgetforearlywarningdevelopment • Financial Theintegrationoradoptionoftheparticipatory • Thereformationofmandatesvarious • Theinstitutionalcapacitydevelopmentof • GovernmentPolitical: ‘buy-in’ creatingpublicawarenessonearlywarning • expanding dataandinformationsharing • Simpleguidelines/operatingprocedures • Social Contributing to Success Social, Political, Financial Factors system. on themostappropriateformforearlywarning Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning • Unclear de • Unsolved landuseproblems&unclear • 2

7 been initiatedbutinlimitedareas increase –fromNGOs&Communities and decentralizedapproach bulletin) announce thewarningtopublic(regular warning institutions-BMGallowedtodirectly early warningbodies-PIL between different levels expertise) administrative boundary & responsibilities 8 fi nition ofEWconcept,procedures, fi nance andtechnical • Assured funding IntegrationofFormalsystems&traditional • Capacitydevelopment(GIStrainingorother • • Sound communication • Participation/ partnership/community EWSscopeneedstocoverotherhazards • forEWS: Crucial Element Lowcost( • • Function (technically sustainable) • Practice (simpleinstrumentsforsimple systems: warning forbasic early Strategies Recommendation Lesson Learned and • Inadequate external support Weak governance, institutionalfactors& • • Low applicationofearlywarningin Communicationandcoordinationproblems • Irregular&unplannedbudgetforEWS • EWSisnotanationalpriority • Political: . Glover, D.&JessupT. (eds).Indonesia’s 1. . SeeforinformationonHEARTH model,Positivedeviance/ 5. Nur Aspian &JohanKieft(2001),Community-baseddisaster 4. HelenKellerInternational,2003Food Aid Monitoring; 3. WorldBank.(2001).Indonesia:Environmentandnatural 2. terminology) indicators/languages (locallanguages,adjust new approaches) involvement people) political commitment development strategy&responseactivities February 2003 malnourished children.CORENutritionWorkingGroup, Hearth: A resourceguideforsustainablyrehabilitating Kalimantan, IndonesiafromJuly25to272001 Involvement inFireManagementBalikpapan,East conference “COMMUNITIESINFLAMES”onCommunity emphasis onforest management asaresponsetoincreasedrisksdisasterwith Dissemination workshoprounds1-3,December82003. Washington resource managementinatimeoftransition.WorldBank, Asian Studies;InternationalDevelopmentResearchCenter costs ofCastastrophe,Singapore,InstituteSouthEast fi nancially sustainable) nancially fi res, Paperpresented totheInternational fi res andhaze;The 77/6/06 2:10:39 PM / 6 / 0 6

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7 9 in Disaster-prone Areas: ‘theFirstResponders’ Fostering Disaster-resilient Communities Mr AKarim Nayani Executive Of FHA Pakistan FHA fi cer and environmentallyfragile habitatforcenturies, lived withriskinthisecologically, economically, by asetofchronicvulnerabilities. Peoplehave This exposuretoacutedisastersisexacerbated private propertyandcriticalinfrastructure. communication linksandcausinglosstolife, of subsistencefarmersinthemountains,disrupt and landdegradation,hampereconomicactivities glacial lakeoutburst and snowfalls,debris include earthquakes,landslides,heavyrains is adisaster-proneregion.Disasters,which Karakoram-Hindukush mountainranges,which (PMP) programwasstartedbyFOCUSinthe The PreventionMitigationPreparedness Assistance inPakistanandelsewhere. piloted andpromotedbyFOCUSHumanitarian Based DisasterRiskManagement(CBDRM)as processes, components,andgainsofCommunity This presentationhighlightsthefeatures, • Ensure sustainable development. Buildacultureofsafetyanddisasterresilient • Reducelossfromdisasters • necessary to: as acriticalelementindisastermanagement Community participationhasbeenrecognized Introduction communities, and fl oods (GLOFs),soilerosion fl ow, rockfalls,avalanches, papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:15:52 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 80 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 80 8 8 _ M voluntarism, participation, collectiveresponsibility These teamsareorganized ontheprinciplesof (VERT) toenhancesustainabilityoftheprogram. (CERTS)/ Village Emergencyresponse Teams Community EmergencyResponse Teams are mobilizedandorganizedintovillagelevel At theclusterandvillagelevellocalcommunities and mitigation. capacities leadstodevelopmethodsfortraining The assessmentofhazards,vulnerabilitiesand through ascienti (HVCRA) toplandisasterriskmanagement vulnerability, capacityandriskassessment to responddisaster, buildcapacityinhazard, approach thatstrivestodeveloplocalcapacity The strategyfortheCBDRMhasaholistic Process andthe Strategy and man-madedisasters. and skillstosurviverecoverfromnatural “disaster resilient”bybuildingtheirknowledge vulnerability ofcommunitiesandtomakethem a participatoryprocessthataimstoreducethe Community BasedDisasterRiskManagementis Program (CBDRM) Management Risk Disaster Community-based impacts ofhazards. and rehabilitationorreconstructiontolessenthe disaster preparedness,emergencyresponse identi is asystematicprocessthatintegratesrisk building andtrainingontheother. The model awareness raisingononehandandcapacity The modeldevelopedbyFOCUSincludespublic disaster. to protecttheirlivesandassetsincaseofa that thecommunity’s capacitybeincreased and bepreparedforthedisaster, itisimportant lack ofpoliticalcommitmenttoprevent,mitigate development policiesorprocesses.Giventhe and riskhasnotbeenmainstreamedinthe Responding todisasterisonanad-hocbasis pre-emptive planning. that couldbemitigatedwithlittlesupportand often exposedtovariouskindsofvulnerabilities Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

8 0 ﬁ cation, mitigationandtransfer, aswell ﬁ c andsystematicapproach. process ofVillage Readinessprogram. key roleintheorganizationandmobilization community activistsbothmenandwomen,play Local traditionalleadershipofthevillageand and communityownershipaccountability. Step #2. Step institutions. using thelocalsocio-economicsetupand - buildrapportandlinkagewiththecommunity community the with dialogue #1.Step Initial reduction: being usedbyFOCUSPakistanfordisasterrisk The followingsteps,processandrequisitesare communities. or at-riskcommunitiesintodisasterresilient The goalofCBDRMistotransformvulnerable Communities toDisasterResilientCommunities Process To Transform At-risk process activities, projectsandprograms. medium, andlong-termrisk reductionmeasures, exercises and simulations drills, #7.Step regular inmotion: plan the Set and education. measures includingpublicawareness,training appropriate mitigationandpreparedness manage disaster, developplanofaction;identify Plan enablingcommunitytocounterdisaster, plan #6. Step preparedness andmitigationinthecommunity. - aimedtobuildandstrengthencapacityin ofCERT/VERT formation Facilitate #5. Step training deliver and volunteers local Identify #4. Step needs tocommunity module #3 Step approach. people’s perceptionofrisks usingaparticipatory assess hazards,vulnerabilities,capacitiesand -FormulateInitialDisasterRiskReduction -preparecommunitypro .

Involve the community in HVCRA inHVCRA Involve community the Develop / contextualize training training Develop /contextualize Develop disaster preparedness Develop preparedness disaster -Implementshort, ﬁ l to le 77/6/06 2:15:53 PM

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 81 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 8 8 _ M AtGovernmentLevel • Key Challenges andIssues intended aimsandtargetsinCBDRM. risk reductionprocessforthecommunitytomeet and organizationsareessentialinsustainingthe the communityat-large. The communitygroups NGOs orgovernmentagenciestoassist/support interface orthechannelforoutsiderssuchas emergency responseteamsarethenecessary reduction. The communityvolunteersand communities forsustainabledisasterrisk response teamisthekeytomobilizing emergency responseteamorvillage The formationandstrengtheningofcommunity disseminate goodpracticesforreplication. success factorsandweakareas,document improve disasterriskreductionplan,identify &Evaluation Monitoring #9. Step maintenance ofthesestockpiles. for useinadisaster. Train communitiesinthe of shelterandsearchrescueequipment Provide communitieswithstockpileconsisting and refreshknowledgeskillsofvolunteers. follow and uptraining equipment Provisionbasic ofresources: #8. Step 2

8 - Advocate andbuildcapacityofthe Advocateformainstreamingofdisaster - 1 government indisastermanagement risk managementatthepolicylevel -Up-date -to AttheCommunityLevel • AtCivilSocietyLevel • Promotecommunitiesas‘ • Recommendations Shareinformationandlessonslearnedat • • Develop Mainstreamofdisasterriskmanagementinto • Build capacityatthegrassrootlevel, • Howtokeepintouchwithlargenumber - LackofICT infrastructureintheremotest - MakingtheCERTS sustainableincluding - - Strengthen thecivilsocietytofoster - PutCBDRMontheagendaofCSO - level. local, national,regionalandinternational activities. disaster riskmanagementoutcomesand levels. development policiesandprocessesatall and volunteermanagement. education activitiesandmotivatevolunteers community participationindisasterrisk resources, encourageanddevelopincreased including educationandawareness,minimum and localresource. and havesubsequentrefreshers. and capacities)whohavebeentrained of volunteers(fromdifferent backgrounds to itsfullpotential. areas meansthatICT cannotbeexploited the replenishmentofstockpiles. tehsil anddistrictlevels CBDRM processesatthevillage,union, ﬁ nancing mechanismstosustain papers: theme 1 papers: ﬁ rt responders’ rst 77/6/06 2:15:53 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 82 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 82 8 8 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

8 2 Save the Children Mr DoHai Dang Disaster RisksManagementProject Vietnam Theseissuesareoftennotproperlyaddressed • Besideproblemstheyhavetosharewith • for 2mainreasons: the mostvulnerablegroupsindisastersituation responding toemergencies,childrenareamong According toSavetheChildren’s experiencesin the childandparticipation. principles: non-discrimination,bestinterestsof development andparticipation;follow3main 4 groupsofchildren’s rights: survival,protection, for thework.Itsprogramsthereforeaddressall Convention ontheRightsofChildasbase and ful Save theChildren Background Information: survival Right to Rights Children’s children onissuesthatconcernthem. are importantandwhooftendonotconsult think aboutthemordonotthatthey by adultswhooftendonotknowor plans sincetheseareusuallydesigned in emergencyresponseorpreparedness adults, theyalsohavetofacespeci Child Participationin fi lment ofchildren’s rights.ItusestheUN fi ghts fortherespect,protection care; Water and Sanitation Life; Housing;Food;Health exhaustive) face inemergencies(listnot Speci fi c issueschildrenmay fi c issues. c 77/6/06 2:15:53 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 83 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 8 8 _ M conduct aseriesoftraining sessionsforchildren planning. The projecthastrainedfacilitatorsto during communitypreparedness andresponse responding tochildren’s needsandperspectives awareness ontheimportanceofincludingand has carriedoutseveralkeyactivitiesthatraise opportunities thatareoffered tothem. The project capacities totakeinitiativesandbene and toparticipateimprovingchildren’s for childrentoexpressthemselves,beheard The projectputemphasisoncreatingopportunities Approach Achievements and Challenges Child Participation: Approach, Identifyrightsthatarenotful • For SavetheChildren,itisimportantto: planning process. the inclusionofchildrenincommunity-wide important componentoftheprojecthasbeen disaster preparednessandresponseplans. An improve, andimplementannualchild-focused the capacityofcommunitymemberstodevelop, communities duringdisastersthroughbuilding decrease thevulnerabilityofchildrenand provinces. The objective oftheprojectisto and practitionersin21communesofseven capacity buildingprojectfordisastermanagers has beenimplementingaDIPECHO-funded Since 2003,SavetheChildreninVietnam Listentochildrenandtakeintoaccount • Highlightandintegrateissuesfacedby children • 2 participation Right to development Right to protection Right to

8 and evaluationprocess. during theprogramplanning,implementation children’s opinionandchildren’s capacities into disasterriskmanagementprograms responsibilities responsible andwhytheycannotful 3 Participation Entertainment Education and Psychology; Orphans separation; Discrimination; HIV/AIDS andSTDs;Family Traf fi cking andexploitation; fi lled, whoare fi lled their fi t from t rights withinthecontextofcommunity. on ChildRightsaswellwaystopromotetheir also learnedabouttheInternationalConvention teachers andcommunityleaders,childrenhave response plans. Through thesupportoftrained child-focused disasterpreparednessand actively involvedinthedevelopmentofcommune disaster risksmanagement.Childrenhavebeen rights andchildparticipationinthecontextof and communityleadersonthetopicsofchild 1. Community leadershaverecognized the Achievements Implementsmall-scalemitigationworks • Communitymembers&childrenconduct • Working together CommunityChildParticipationFacilitators • CommunityChildParticipationFacilitators • Training forChildren: • Training communitystaff ofmass Training localdisasterpractitioners,child • Training mastertrainers • Training for Adults: risks managementwhich isstrengthened commune, especiallyin theareaofdisaster for thebettermentofall membersoftheir of includingchildrenincommunityactivities activities. They acknowledgedtheimportance capacity buildingandchildparticipation helping todeveloptheircommunethrough supportive oftheproject’s approachin and adultsinthecommunity. They were child participationtrainingforbothchildren importance ofandneedforchildrights plans. disaster preparednessandresponse Capacity Assessment anddevelopannual child-focused Hazard-Vulnerability- the communityplanningprocess facilitate childrentoactivelyparticipatein rights andchildrenindisasters children’s capacityandcon organize children’s meetings tobuild Community ChildParticipationFacilitators organisations andteacherstobecome welfare of fi cers, andcommunitypeople papers: theme 1 papers: fi dence onchild 77/6/06 2:15:53 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 84 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 84 8 8 _ M PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning . Childrenarealsogenerallycon 4. Children inprojectcommunesdemonstrated 3. 2. Community leadershavealsotakensteps 6. Childrenhavealsobene 5. Children enjoyedparticipating inthe 2

8 training twoyearsearlier. among childrenwhowereexposedtothe child participationwererememberedeven community. The conceptsofchildrightsand application oftheirrightsinthecontext child rightsandgenerallyunderstandthe responded enthusiasticallytolearningabout and intheircommunity. The childrenhave promoting childrightsamongtheirpeers of childrightsaswellapproachesto basic knowledgeofthefourmaingroups drawings competitions. as throughloudspeakers,culturalevents,and innovative waystopromotechildrights,such project ends.Somecommunitieshaveused child participationinstructionevenafterthe have beenenthusiasticinmaintaining rights toschoolchildren. Teachers, inparticular, an interestincontinuingtheteachingofchild mobilization oflocalfundsandexpressed to continueprojectactivitiesthroughthe received. when theinputofallcommunitymembersare by thecommunitydisaster managementplan their communityasidenti that havestrengtheneddisaster preventionin school. schools aswellchildrenwhoarenotin continued foryoungerschoolchildrenintheir and participatoryapproachesshouldbe children statedthattrainingsonchildrights Having beeninvolvedinprojectactivities,the they havelearnedwiththeirnon-projectpeers. wanted opportunitiestocontinuesharewhat community’s disasterplanning processand parents andteachers. con learned intheproject,manychildrenfeltmore and drawingcontests. As aresultofwhatthey awareness aboutchildrightsthroughskits and havecontributedtoraisingcommunity rights withtheirnon-projectpeersandsiblings, informally sharedinformationaboutchild risks planningprocess,haveformallyand their opinionsduringthecommunitydisaster needs. Childrenhaveparticipatedinvoicing with adultsandareabletospeakouttheir 4 fi dent intheirdailyrelationshipswith fi ed andimplemented fi ted fromactivities fi dent working dent . Childrenwerestillgenerallytimidinspeaking 3. 2. Children didnothavemanyopportunities 1. Children expressedtheirdesiretoshare toChildrenAccording Challenges 1. Community leadersunderstoodthebene 1. Leaders According toCommunity have onlyrecentlylearnedaboutchildrights. in contributingtheirideasthanchildrenwho longer weremorecon children whohavebeenexposedtotheproject adults, andevenwithintheirfamily. However, out theiropinionsinfrontofagroup,among them. part incommunityactivitieswhichconcerned still hadlimitedvoiceinproposingandtaking planned andinitiatedbyadults,children Autumn Moonfestivalevents,havebeen participation ofchildren,suchasthecommunity Current activitieswhichcouldincludethe Capacity Assessment (HVCA)actionplans. other thantheproject’s Hazard, Vulnerability, to participateinmorecommunityactivities, can takepart. and lackorganizedactivitiesinwhichthey materials topresentanddistributeothers, organize childrenmeetings,lackinformational this ontheirown. They lack smallfundsto have themeansandopportunitytoinitiate and communityadults;however, theydonot participation withtheirclassmates,parents, what theylearnedaboutchildrightsand other thanactivitiesthat theprojecthad to becomemoreinvolved inthecommunity they wereunabletoinitiate waysforchildren of childrightsand participation,but meet theneed. the community’s mobilizationofresourcesto of thechildren’s identi Many oftheseimprovementsaretheresult transportation toschoolduring organized swimminglessonsaswellboat have alsobene centers. Childrenin of schools,roads,dykes,andchildcare works suchastherepairingandupgrading process. This includessmall-scalemitigation fi ted fromcommunity- fl odpoe communes ood-prone fi dent andcomfortable fi cation ofneedand fl ood season. ood fi ts 77/6/06 2:15:54 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 85 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 8 8 _ M right shouldberespected,protectedandful Child participationisarightofchildrenandthis Conclusion 2. Community leaderslackbasic 3. Community leadersexpresseddif 2

8 have anyactivitiesplanned. project implementation,andnonecurrently management boardsonlyconvenedduring introduced. All fourcommunity-based child participation. recognize theimportanceofchildrightsand reaching pooranduneducatedfamiliesto and lackofadequatechildren’s healthcare. priorities suchaslackofcleanwaterwells rights training,withmorepressingcommunity resources tocontinuethepromotionofchild 5 fi clis in culties fi nancial fi lled Childparticipationshouldnotbeaone-time • Adults andchildrenarewellawareofchildren’s • it isthereforeimportantthat In ordertomakechildparticipationreallyeffective, local traditions. new conceptthatisnotalwayswelcomeddueto and childrenduetochildparticipationbeinga is alongprocessthattakestimeforbothadults risks managementcanmakedifferences butit project showedthatinvolvingchildrenindisaster at thehighestlevelpossible.SaveChildren implemented atcommunitylevel. integrated aspossibleincurrentactivities event andshouldbeanongoingprocess, to carryouttheprocess. participation andareappropriatelyprepared rights, bene fi ts andchallengesofchild papers: theme 1 papers: 77/6/06 2:15:54 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Southeast Asia Phase 3) 3(PDRSEA

8 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Center Preparedness Disaster Asian 6 Partnerships for Disaster Reduction through Community-basedAgro-forestry: Mr Shesh Kanta Ka Reclamation ofFlood-damagedAreas (ADPC) fl e A CaseStudyfrom Nepal Nepal. silvipasture, inter-cropping, middlehillsregion, Key words: Agro-forestry, landreclamation, reclaiming the agro-forestry practiceshavebeeneffective in in silvipastureplots. The studyrevealsthat Species compositionwasfoundtohavechanged various cropshavealsobeendocumented. affected areasandunaffected areas. Yields of performance ofDalbergiasissooplantedinriver- There wasnosigni and Phaseolusvulgerisin Zea mays,Solanumtuberosum,Cajanuscajan sissoo couldbesuccessfullyintercroppedwith Results oftwoyears’ studyshowedthat Dalbergia from the the basesforevaluation.Dataweregathered (Imperata cylindrica,Saccharummunja)as land productivityandcontrolofweedinfestation lands, consideringvegetationestablishment, hills regioninreclaimingthe such practicesintheriversideareasofmiddle timber. This studyassessedtheeffectiveness of of localpeopleforfuelwood,fodder, andsmall degradation problemsandmeetingthedemands with thetwinobjectivesofcounteringland practices havebeenlaunchedinthoseareas damaged byriversinNepal. Agro-forestry More than400,000haoflandhavebeen Abstract fi eld measurementsandobservations. fl ood-damaged areas. ood-damaged fi cant difference ingrowth fl ood-affected areas. ood-affected fl ood-damaged 77/6/06 2:15:54 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 87 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 8 8 _ M involves thelossofsoilmicroorganisms, organic in availablesoilnutrients. Biologicaldegradation a signi erosion whereaschemicaldegradationinvolves degradation includessoilcompactionand et al.1994;Sanchezal.,1994).Physical degradation ofsoil(LalandStewart,1992;Sing causes: physical,chemical,orbiological Land degradationcanbeduetooneormore ﬂ excessive grazingpressureaswell The naturalsuccessionhasbeeninhibitedby Cassia occidentals,havecolonizedsuchareas. as Imperatacylindrica,Saccharummunjaand are indicatorspeciesfordegradedlandssuch of domesticanimals.Pioneerplants,which Nepal suffer fromexcessive grazingpressure the ﬂ lands hasbeenseriouslyaffected bysilting, annually (Dent1984. The productivity ofriverside The bedlevelof Terai riversisrising by 35-45cm main riversystemsenteringIndia(Brown1981). around 336milliontonsofsoilperyeartothe year duringthemonsoon.Nepal’s riverscarry crops areruinedandwidthsofriverwidenevery near riverbanksarewashedawayby changing natureofmountainrivers.Farmlands increased yearafterduetothefrequent 1982). The extentandseverity ofdamagehave are highlyvulnerabletosoilerosion(Dregne Shiwalik hillsandmiddlemountainousregions damaged byriversinNepal(LRMP 1986). The More than400,000ha.oflandhavebeen and thedeteriorationofnaturalecosystems. leading tothepoorsocio-economicconditions has becomeamajorcauseoflanddegradation have frequentlyoccurred.Mostofall, drought inmostoftheareascountry hills, result, naturalcalamitieslikelandslidesinthe led toseriousenvironmentaldegradation. As a pressure andimproperland-usepatterns,have timber. These activities,alongwithpopulation rural peoplesuchasfuelwood,fodderandsmall rise tothescarcityofessentialneeds clearing forestareasforagriculturehavegiven In Nepal,indiscriminatefellingoftreesand Introduction oods duringthemonsoon. ooding anddepositionofpebbles.Furthermore, 2

8 7 fl ood-damaged areasofmiddlemountains fl ooding inthefoothillsand Terai and fi cant increaseinsoilacidityanddecline fl ooding, fl ooding fl ash . To analyzecropproductionandtoidentifythe 2. To comparethegrowthperformanceoftrees 1. Particularly, theobjectivesofthisstudywere: river damagedareasofthemidhillsregion. effectiveness ofsuchactivities inreclaimingthe small timber. The presentstudylooksatthe of thelocalpeopleforfuelwood,fodderand of landdegradationandmeetingthedemands the twinobjectivesofcounteringproblems launched inthemiddlehillsregionofNepalwith A numberofagro-forestrysystemshavebeen fuelwood, timber, medicinesetc.ontheother. much neededproductsviz.food, degradation trendsononehandandinproviding agro-forestry hasmuchtooffer incheckingland al., 1990).Singhetal.(1994)havestatedthat erosion andprovidingsustainedyields(Uhlet and recyclingnutrientsprotectingthesoilfrom most closelyresemblesthelandbyretaining The mainreasonsgivenarethatagro-forestry and McKean1992;SerraoHomma1993). most suitablestrategy(Uhletal.1990;Robinson lands, agro-forestryisoftenconsideredtobethe Among themanyapproachestorestoredegraded matter andincreaseinweedencroachment. 14.3 May andSeptember. Temperatures rangefrom rainfall is1462mm,mostofwhichfallsbetween of about500mabovemsl. The annualaverage the districtheadquartersandliesatanaltitude is 32kilometerssouth-westofSyangjabazaar, Syangja districtofMiddlehillsregion,Nepal.It on theeasternbankof Andhikhola riverin This studyareaissituatedinasubtropicalregion Area Study very lowmoisturecontent. Imperatacylindrica, river bankandisdominated bysandysoilswith affected again. This area lies farthestfromthe the riverinpastwithlittlechanceofgetting type C(LTC). LTA includestheareaaffected by viz: landtype A (LTA), land type B(LTB) andland site wascategorizedintothreelandcategories, Based ontheexistinglandtypesituation,study damaged areas. effectiveness ofagro-forestry activitiesinriver between riveraffected and unaffected areas. ∞ C-26.2 ∞ C. papers: theme 1 papers: fi bber, fodder, bber, 77/6/06 2:15:54 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_079-088_M2 88 0 6 9 9 _ 0 7 9 - 0 88 8 8 _ M 4. Land preparationiscostlybecauseofthe without hamperingtheoverallproduction. of differentspecies.Theobjective`multi-treecropscheme’ istogetfuelwood,timber, fodderandfruitsfromthesamepat single treespeciesatthesametime.Similarly, `multi-treecropintercropping’ referstotheagriculturalcropsplantedwith Whereas `doublecropintercropping’ impliesthetechniqueinwhichtwoagriculturecropspeciesareplantedalongwithrows The term`singlecropintercropping’ hereisusedtomeanthatasingleagriculturecropspeciesplantedtreerowsatparticu The terminologies`singlecropintercropping’,`doubleand`multi-treeintercropping’ mayarisesome Values aremean±SD 3. Demarcation oftheriver-damagedlandis Riskofreoccurrence 2. involves theareasaffected by the dominantplantsfoundinarea.LTB Saccharum munjaandCassiaoccidentalisare Table 2.Average plantation’ ofdifferent growing speciesin two growth `block performances seasons. after Table 1. Agro-forestry Systems Practiced in the Area. Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 1. Heavy decreaseinlandproductivitydueto were: to twenty before, hasremainedfallowforthelasttwenty The studyarea,whichwasgoodagriculturalland sands. There wasnovegetation inthiszone. largely consistedofrocksstones,pebblesand was underwaterduringmonsoon. This area summer season.LTC includedtheareawhich ﬂ Imperata cylindricawasthedominantground were bouldersandpebblesinthelowerportion. was dominatedbysandy-clay, however, there has highersoilmoisturecontent.Soilinthisarea period. This isalowerarea comparedtoLTA and monsoon thatremaindryfortherestof ora whichisverydif 2 1. Agri-silviculture 1. 2. Silvipasture D. sissoo + A.catechu + local grasses +local +A.catechu D. sissoo Alnus siamea; Cassia floribunda; Fraxinus Tectona.grandis; catechu; Acacia D. sissoo; (block) 3. forestry Farm 2. Silvipasture etn rni .704 .70518 19 15 3.23±0.5 2.27±0.5 2.40±0.4 4.10±0.9 3.78±0.60 2.73±0.61 1.97±0.43 2.73±0.50 sissoo Dalbergia nepalensis Alnus grandis Tectona catechu Acacia

8 and pebbles munja andothergrassspecies andboulders presence ofImperatacylindrical, Saccharum dif washing awayoftopsoilby 8 - multi tree-crop intercrop. D. sissoo + L.leucocephala + T. grandis + Mangifera indica + Eleusine Coracana./Zea Coracana./Zea +Eleusine indica +T. +Mangifera grandis +L.leucocephala D. sissoo vulgeris coracana/Plaseolus mays/Eleusine +Zea cajan +Cajanus D. sissoo tuberosum intercrop. tree-crop coracana/Solanum multi mays/Eleusine +Zea D. sissoo - intercropping crop double - intercropping crop single - fi cult agro-forestry practices local examples local practices agro-forestry Tree species Height (m) dbh (cm) Mortality (%) Mortality (cm) dbh (m) Height Tree species fi ve years. The reasonsbehindthis fi cult touprooteveninthe fl ooding, fl mays/Solanum Tuberosum/Sesamum indicum/Fagopyrum spp./Phaseolus vulgeris spp./Phaseolus indicum/Fagopyrum Tuberosum/Sesamum mays/Solanum nepalensis; Michelia champaca (Randomized Complete Block Design) Block Complete (Randomized champaca Michelia nepalensis; ash fl ooding, fl oods during 5. Dif efforts andresourcesonit. rice andwheatcanbecultivated)investedtheir upland agriculturalareaswherecropsotherthan Some otherswhohad`Pakhobari’ (un-irrigated areas, lefttheirvillagesandmigratedelsewhere. owners, whowerefullydependentonthose After loosingthegoodagriculturallandsome owned bythepeopleresidinginnearbyvillages. All theriver-damagedareasonsiteare There werealtogether 33 householdsdirectly production ofundamaged cropping farmers. Cropyielddata were comparedwiththe gathered throughinterviews withtheconcerned done, whereasdatapertainingtocropyieldwere and diameters,direct was measured.Inordertomeasuretreeheights trees aswellproductionofagriculturalcrops reclamation. Forthis,growthperformanceof taken intoconsiderationasthebasesforland control ofweedswerethethreeparameters Vegetation establishment, landproductivityand Methods area. because ofexcessivegrazingpressureinthe fi cult toprotectcropsfromdomesticanimals fi eld measurements were measurements eld fi the treerows eld nearby. eld ch ofland lar time. confusion. of 77/6/06 2:15:54 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 89 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 3 0 _ M (p=.05) other twoschemes. This wasbecauseofhigher `block plantation’ wasslightlylowerthanthe growth performanceoftreeseedlingsinthe most suitableschemeforseedlinggrowth. The (Figure 1)showsthatLTA-intercropping isthe of Dalbergiasissoounderdifferent schemes among thefour. Moreover, growthperformance performance ofDablergiasissoowasthehighest species wererecorded(Table 2). The growth Growth andmortalityoftreeplantingsfour ofTrees Performance Growth Results and Discussion given intheboxbelow. The procedureofoverallinterventionhasbeen in theareaareshown Table 1. done. The majoragro-forestrysystemspracticed observation ofallthe33directbene involved inagro-forestryactivities. Therefore, an sites plantation) (Block andunaffected Table flood-affected under 3.Growth sissoo ofDalbergia 2 giutr ad(nerdd .006 .40512 3.94±0.5 4.80±0.65 land (undegraded) Agriculture affected-LTB) Present Study (river- Area

Replication tootherareas Step 7.Resultanalysis,Veri Step 6.Monitoring,Evaluation Step 5.Implementationoftheproject the project. the localfarmersandagro-forestryexpertsof the agro-forestrymodelsinassociationwith Step 4.LandcategorizationandDesigning ecological andtechnicalaspectsofthesite) Step 3.Detailedbaselinesurvey(economic, economic statusetc) willingness ofplantingtreesandcrops, who havelandsintheriversidearea, (Interaction withVDC/wardof Step 2.CommunityRapportBuilding economical considerations) Step 1.Siteselection(Technical, social, Procedure oftheprojectintervention Box 1

8 9 locations average height (m) Average dbh (cm) mortality rate (%) rate mortality (cm) dbh Average (m) height average locations .908 .0078 3.80±0.7 4.39±0.88 fi cation and cation fi cials, farmers cials, fi ciaries was ciaries (Table 3). the height growthofDalbergiasissooplantedin was nosigni growth intheblockplantation.Moreover, there good performanceinboththeheightanddbh 2). Dalbergiasissooand Acacia catechushowed highest (16%)intheinter-croppingofLTB (Table The mortalitypercentofDalbergiasissoowas found tohavepoorestgrowthperformance. Among thefourspecies, Tectona grandiswas blocks and2.58minthetwo-cropintercropping. 2.58 mwhereasitwas1.1infarmforestry the `multi-treecropintercroppingscheme’ was seedling density. The spacingoftreespeciesin getting ontothecrops(Ka other techniquestoincreasetheamountoflight canopy especiallylowerbranchesandusingany spacing betweenplantedtrees,managingthe shade-tolerant cropsundertreeshade,increasing due totreeshadingcanbereducedbygrowing mustard production. The reductionofgrainyield reported theshadingeffect oftreesonriceand the canopycoverincreases.Ka (Table 4).However, thecrop yielddecreasesas oilseed andpigeonpeahasbeencalculated IDRC 1995).Productionofpotato,millet,bean, usual agriculturallandwhichis24.57Qtl./ha(TU/ quite goodifcomparedtoitsproductionfromthe maize productionwas1.92ton/hawhich planted atthetimeofmaizecultivation. The cultivated atthesametimewhereasmilletwas of theyear. Maize,pigeonpea,andbeanwere planted onthesameplotatdifferent seasons oil seed(sesame),andbean. These cropswere They includedmaize,millet,potato,pigeonpea, Dalbergia sissooatthetreespacingof2.5x10m. Several agriculturalcropswereintercroppedwith Yield Crop Agricultural fl ood-affected areaandtheunaffected fi cant (P=0.05)difference inthe fl e 1994). e papers: theme 1 papers: fl e (1994)also 77/6/06 12:52:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_021-130_M2 90 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 1 - 1 90 3 0 _ M and blockplantationoftreespecies. regimes; namely, intercroppingarea,silvipasture were observedinthreedifferent plantation The growthconditionofthesegrassspecies economic pointofview, isnotalwayspossible. prevent growthofthesespecies,fromthe ploughs. Useofpowertillerorpesticidesto surface whichcannotbepenetratedbywooden long andformaweb-likestructureontheground feeding. The rootsofthese grassspeciesare for protectingsoilsfromerosionandcattle the soil.However, thesespeciesaresuitable grass specieswhichacidifyandfurtherdegrade These areregardedamongthetenworld’s worst preparation foragriculturalpracticescostly. Saccharum munjagrasseshavemadesoil The presenceofImperatacylindricaand Weeds on Practices ofAgro-forestry Effect Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning Table Yield agricultural 4. from crops 2 en201.03000 2400 10000 2880 1600 11520 15.00 30.00 18.00 5.00 4.00 6.00 2.0 0.8 20.0 1.6 4.0 19.2 Total Grand Bean Oilseed pea Pigeon Potato Millet Maize

9 0 rp production (qtl./ha/year) crops Figure 1. under different Growth sissoo ofDalbergia agro-forestry schemes performance second rainyseason.Inthisarea,Imperataand species wasseentohavepreventedduring reason wasduetoshading. The growthofgrass spp. wascompletelystunted.Mostprobably, the growth ofImperatacylindricaandSaccharum disappeared. Whereasinblockplantationareas, grazing, Cassiaoccidentaliswasseentohave palatable tocattle. After protectingtheareafrom sp. These newlyappeared speciesweremore Phaspalum sp.,PhragmitesandSetaria species appearedsuchasSaccharummunja, grass specieswasnoticedtohavechanged.New planted ataspacingof5x5m,thecomposition where Dalbergiasissooand A. catechuwere completely eradicated.Inthesilvipastureblocks, afterwards. Insuchareas,theImperatagrasswas ﬁ in ordertopreparethelandforcropping In theintercroppingarea,powertillerswereused per unit price at market price price atmarket price unit per rst time,andlocalwoodenploughswereused (Rs/Kg) 31400 total income (Rs/ha) income total 77/6/06 12:52:44 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_091-096_M2 91 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 1 - 0 9 6 _ M techniques foragro-forestryarerecommended. species andappropriatetreemanagement studies regardingcropyield,diversityofgrass protecting thelandfrom catechu andDalbergiasissoowillbehelpfulin dams. Inaddition,denseplantationof Acacia designs suchasvegetativespursandcheck impact offuture efforts shouldbemadetowards mitigatingthe help overcomebothoftheseproblems.However, judicial selectionofspeciesanddesignscan damaged areas. Agro-forestry practiceswith faced bythefarmerswhilecultivating preparation aretwomostseriousproblems Decrease inproductivityanddif plant diversity. the vegetationcompositionleadingtoincreased sissoo and Acacia catechuresultinachange Protecting grasslandsandplantingDalbergia agriculture cropsinsteadofplantingtreesalone. prefer plantingDalbergiasissooalongwith is alsousefulinthisregard.However, farmers reclamation. BlockplantationofvariousMPTS pea, maizeandpotato,aresuitableforland crops suchasbeans, sissoo intercroppedwiththelocalagricultural Agro-forestry systems,especiallyDalbergia Conclusions regardless oftreespeciesplanted. Saccharum grassesweredyinginalltheblocks 2

9 1 fl oods usingbioengineering fi fl nger millet,pigeon ash fl od. Further oods. fi culty inland fl ood- York. use ofthe Amazonia rainforest. ColumbiaUniversityPress,New (eds) “AlternativetoDeforestation:StepstowardsSustainable In: AndersonA.B. in Amazonia. Systems Use Land Sustainable and Anthropogenic Disturbancesprovideguidelinesfordesigning and Subler, S.(1990)StudiesofEcosystemResponsetoNatural Uhl, C.Nepstad,D.,Buschbacher, R.,Clark,K.,Kauffman,B. Academy Press,Washington D.C. Agriculture andtheEnvironmentinHumidTropics’. National Pro Serrao, E.A.S.,Falesi,andHomma, A.K.O. (1993)Country Tropics, JIRCASNo.1,Japan. Deforestation, In:RehabilitationofDegradedForestLandsinthe Approaches forrehabilitatingDegradedlandsafterTropical Sanchez, P.a., P.L. Woomer, andPalm,C.A (1994) Agro-forestry international. Wallingford, UK. and Alternatives; anannotatedbibliography1972-1989.C.A.B. Robinson, D.M.,andMeKean,S.J.(1992)ShiftingCultivation Topographical SurveyBranch,Kathmandu. LRMP (1986)ForestryLandUseReportMimeograph, Verlag, New York: 13-17. Threat In:SoilDegradationEds.R.LalandBA StewantSpringer- Lal, R.andStewart,B.A.(1990)SoilDegradation: A Global Roy, OxfordandIBHPublishingCo.Pvt.Ltd.India,pp185-191. for SustainableLandUse,Eds.PanjabSingh,PSPathak,MM Activities: A CaseformChitwan.NepalIn: Agro-forestry Systems Ka Oxford andIBHPublishingCo.India. Sustainable LandUseEds.PanjabSingh,PSPathak,MMRoy, Systems onDegradedLandsIn: Agroforestry Systemson Singh, Panjab,P.S. PathakandRoy, M.M.(1994) Agro-forestry Regional Of IDRC (1994)Project Appraisal Report.Mimeograph.South Asia on WorldCivilization. ASP specialpublication:45p. Dregne, H.E.(1982)HistoricalPerspectiveofErosionandEffect Regional Of Environmental EducationandTraining in Asia andPaci Education Needsin Asia andPaci Dent, F.R. (1984)LandDegradation:PresentStatus,Training and Conservation 36:255-260. Brown, L.R.(1981)TheGlobalLossofTop Soil.J.SoilandWater References for theirguidanceandsupportduringthestudy. Pradeep Dixit, Agro-Farm Foresters’ Association Neapl(AFFAN) Chief, Public Administration Campus,Kathmandu,andMr. The authorwouldliketothankDr. Tek NathDhakal,Campus Acknowledgements fl e, S.K.(1994)EnvironmentalImpactofFarmForestry fi le; Brazil,In:NationalResearchCouncil.Sustainable fi fi ce, NewDelhi,India. Bangkok. ce, fi c. UNEP Investigationson papers: theme 1 papers: fi c, FAO, c, 77/6/06 2:22:03 PM / 6 / 0 6

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9 2 Ms Henny Vidiarina Dwi CARE Indonesia CARE (ACF Experience/KampungMelayu) Communities inUrbanAreas Challenge inWorking with capability incommunication andsocialanalysis of workinginKampung Melayu, Idevelopedmy rely ontheirpromises.Still,afterseveralmonths the communitywasunpredictable,wecouldnot even more. The levelofcommitmentthusfrom fi organization’s initiatives,plustherewereno that ourprojectwasjustareplicationofother long before ACF did. The community thought tried toimplementprojectsinthecommunity NGOs orotherhumanitarianorganizationshave that theyareanexposedcommunity. Manylocal arguments withthem.However, Ihavetoadmit found myselfbeingtrappedinunproductive who cannotmakeadecisionbutfeelsmart.I felt upsetwiththeattitudeofyoungpeople who aredif months, Igotfrustratedwiththeattitudeofleaders avoid misunderstanding.Duringthe of thetimekeepingguardovermybehaviorto there ismuchpotentialforcon unlike inruralcommunities. They arenotsimple; three months. The people weretooheterogenic, to surviveworkingonthisprojectformorethan living conditions.Ithoughtthatwouldnotbeable community, Ihadahardtimeadjustingwiththeir before joining ACF, andwhenI “I haveneverworkedinanurbancommunity Melayu Experiences withStaff Kampung nancial incentiveswhich disappointedthem fi cult, underestimatingwomen,andI fi fl rst cameintothis ict. Ispentmost fi rt three rst 77/6/06 2:22:04 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_091-096_M2 93 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 1 - 0 9 6 _ M community andtrained the peopletobecome advantage oftheeconomic pressuresofthe area, toodirty. Manypolitical partieshavetaken Too manypeople,toopoliticalpartiesinthe place, butIfoundKampungMelayutoomuch. “I amanurbanguyandIalsogrewupinasimilar make decisionsforthem.” were silentandjustlettheolderpeopleplan Evidently inmanycross-sectoralmeetingsthey trained toimplementbutnotmakedecisions. not haveadecisionmakingabilityastheywere price. Ialsorealizedthattheyoungpeopledo they cangetthepropertybackatareasonable since theyhaveablackmarketnetworkwhere seem arenottooworriedwiththepropertyloss ﬂ community’s commitment isachallengebecause political agendasintotheproject.Getting leader whoistemptedtobringhisorherown I learnedthatitisn’tgoodtoaccommodatea several monthsofworkinginKampungMelayu, with theseleadersiscrucial.However, after alleys orareas.Maintaininggoodrelationship many andwhatkindofleadersexistinspeci great careshouldbetakenindetermininghow lesson learned:indenselyurbanpoorareas, another leaderinthatalley. Formeitwasa another leader. Iwassurprisedthatthere activities werenotsoughtfromhim,but leader wasangrybecausepermissionforsuch later explainedtothecommunitythatthis stopped ouractivityandalmosthitme.Itwas and ranawayinfearofthepersonwhoangrily we wereconducting. The participantsdispersed the middleofawomen’s focusgroupdiscussion kicked-out fromthemushola(communityhall)in Melayu waswhenBevitaandIwereabruptly “My unforgettableexperienceinKampung solver.” an ‘educated’ sourceofinformationandproblem issues astheyhavesomewhatperceivedme be preparedwhentheydemandclari about socialandpoliticalissues,Ihaveto communities inurbanareasareveryconcerned social issues.Irealizedthatevenuneducated particularly inprovidinginformationrelatedto ood hasbecometheirdailyevent;someofthem 2

9 3 Bevita, former ACF Community Animator ACF Community former Bevita, Ujang, former ACF Coordinator former Ujang, fi cation on cation fi c assistance isforthemasignofdignity.” in relationto dignity is.Forthiscommunity, andspeci common understandingandagreementofwhat really clarifywiththecommunityandhavea Particularly inurbanpoorareas,wehavetobe is tosavelifeanddignityeradicatepoverty. humanitarian principlesindisastermanagement written intheSPHEREguidelines,thatoneof does notprovidephysicalassistance.Butitis a newtypeofprojecttothiscommunitywhich the youth.Itwastrulyachallengetointroduce working inurbancommunities,particularlyamong friendly andsociallyactive)isthebestmethodin pro money-oriented anddependent.Goingonlow- such adirtyand those peopleremainstayinKampungMelayu, “Until now, I to avoidsocialduties and economicburden, Melayu donotprefertobe theheadoffamily where thereisnomale.Women inKampung indicates thatwomenareheadsoffamiliesonly or widows,1%singleand0%aremarried. This the femaleheadsoffamilies,99%aredivorced widows ordivorcedand2%aresingle. Among the maleheadsoffamilies,95%aremarried,3% 14% offemalesheadshouseholds). Among heads offamilyareusuallymales(86%against “In thesurveydoneby ACF, itwasstatedthat common attitudesintheruralsetting.” and escapefromsocialduties. These arenot maintain ignorancetowardsocialorganization, other hand,theythrowwasteeverywhere, way oflife,andcleanenvironment,butonthe safety, communityorder, harmony, cooperative the community-ononehandtheyarehopingfor longer attendingschool.Ifoundacontradictionin and halfofthem(49%)areunemployedno jobless, 41%ofthechildrenareover18yearsold informal sector, manyoftheyoungpeopleare urban poor, workingbelownormalwageinthe of Java.Economicallytheyareclassi them haveland,familyandhousesinotherparts Bambang, former Socio-Economic Surveyor and and Surveyor Socio-Economic former Bambang, fi le, beingopen-minded,andgaul(being Andry, former ACF Community Animator ACF Community former Andry, fl fi ood, beingdependenttooutside nd itdif fl ooded area,evenifsomeof fi cult tounderstandwhy Database Of papers: theme 1 papers: fi cer fi e as ed fi cally 77/6/06 2:22:04 PM / 6 / 0 6

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4 94 N E W community andalsogovernment, and through variousstepslikecapacitybuildingfor or legalentitlement,resourcemobilization three mainworkingareasi.e,policyadvocacy The CBDRMstrategythereforeneedstocover codes, andinsuf as riverlawversusurbanplanningandbuilding by theabsenceof and basicequipmentfor status, accesstomarketandeconomicactivity, waste management,cleanwatersupply, land has becameamaincommunityneed,suchas spatial infrastructurearenotinplaceandthis documents haveshownthatanumberofbasic matrix aswellFGDmethodology. The The projecthasdocumentedHVCA andDNCA unequal publicservices. condition anddeterioratedhumanfor related topoorgovernance,inequitablesocial vulnerability. Mostoftheunderlyingcausesare has toaddressalsotheunderlyingcausesof not merelyreacttothedisasterimpactbutit CBDRM intheurbanandruralcommunitycan to theurbancommunityatrisk. the developmentstrategy. This isveryapplicable CBDRM willbesustainableifitisintegratedinto capacity toreducetheimpactofdisasters. decrease theirvulnerabilityandincrease and property, byhelpingcommunitiesworkto The basicprincipleforCBDRMistosavelives Community forCBDRMStrategy Work inthe people.” since theyare themseves haveveryweakbargainingposition why theyoungpeople,particularlymale,put with theirparentsaremale. This furtherexplains 18 (upto35yearsold)whoarejoblessandstay easier accesstojobs.Mostofthechildrenover head. Ifurtherfoundthatyoungfemalesarehave indicated thattheyearnedmorethanthefamily supporting familylivelihood.Mostofthemeven however inrealitytheyplaythekeyrole Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning _ M 2

9 4 Vidi, former Assistant Program Manager Program Assistant former Vidi, fi nanciallydependentontheolder fi cient EarlyWarning System. fl ood-relevant regulationsuch fl ood. This is worsened is This ood. fi nancial Thus, itrequirsesalongertermofintervention. management andspatialplanningstrategy. management mustbecoherentwithhealth multi-hazard approachisnecessary. Flood is complexandheterogenic,thereforea Kampung MelayuasthetargetareaofCBDRM one ofthepotentialfailurefactorstoproject. the complexitywithingovernmentstructureis (from nationaltolocal)isnecessaryconsidering coordination withalllayersofthegovernment design. The soundcommunicationand and equipmentmanagement,applicable most suf management withtheaimtoestablishoneof all kelurahan(equaltovillagelevel)fordisaster management byprovidingassuredbudgetto develop theircapacityandstrategyondisaster project completion,thegovernmentcontinuesto to other has beendevelopedandextended management fromtheprovincialgovernment the project,politicalcommitmenttodisaster surrounding urbancommunityinJakarta. Through signi The ACF projectinKampungMelayuhas Community Key Achievements inthe andImpacts Working inurbancommunityisnoteasy, the • Lessons Learned • Increasing thecultureofsafetyin Addressingtheunderlyingcausesof • Challenge and politicalissues skills andsoundanalyticaljudgmentonsocial fi funding equipments, andthusrequireshigher the establishmentofbasicinfrastructures/ communities withprolonged urban developmentstrategy. vulnerability requiresalong-termconsolidated eld staff requireanintense communication fi cantly providedagoodimpacttothe fi cient EarlyWarning Systemsinplace. fl ood-prone areasinthecity. After fl oodingrequires 77/6/06 2:46:20 PM / 6 / 0 6

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(Withincommunity, betweendifferent levels,Surveyandlistingofactivitieslocalactors, • Coordination (Sensitization,awarenessraisingactivities,HVCA:HazardVulnerability andCapacity Grassrootsawarenessraisingandempowerment • (Fieldsurveys: socio-economic,KAP, Vulnerability mapping) Baselinesurveysandstudies • Activities: communities &localauthoritiestounderstand,monitorandreactthe To reducethevulnerabilityofpeopleaffected by Objective: 1 year, fromMarch2003toendofFebruary2004 Period: and women Population ofKampungMelayu(22,604),localauthoritiesfocusonvulnerableareas(riverbank) Bene (High densityofpeople,regularyaffected by Kampung Melayu,EastJakarta,Indonesia Location: Floods by Affected and Exposed Living forVulnerablePeople Areas inSlum Preparedness Disaster

9 assistance. thus requiresuf have alonger-periodmulti-hazardapproach, other actorswithclearresponsibilities effort, anditmustbedonecooperativelywith because CBDRMisnotaone-man-show development problem. causes ofvulnerabilitydirectlypointstothe development strategysincetheunderlying underlying causesofvulnerability. must includeanagendaforaddressingthe 5 establishment ofacontingencyplan) forum meetingsandinformationdissemination, networkingandadvocacy, identi Assessment, DNCA:Damage,NeedsandCapacity Assessment, Training) fi ciaries: fi cient fundandtechnical fl oods, permanentslum) ThekeyelementforthesuccessCBDRMis • Adoptamuti-hazardaproach • • CBDRM requiresgoodcoordination CBDRMneedstocoverthreemainworking • Recommendations fl oods andtostrengthenthecapacityofthese and stakeholders. the politicalcommitmentfromgovernment level mechanism withalllayersatthegovernment resource mobilization;andapplicabledesign. areas: policyadvocacyorlegalentitlement; fl ood impact ood papers: theme 1 papers: fi cto and cation 77/6/06 2:22:38 PM / 6 / 0 6

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Southeast Asia Phase 3) 3(PDRSEA

9 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Center Preparedness Disaster Asian 9 Partnerships for Disaster Reduction Mr Zubair Murshed Zubair Mr Project Manager Partnerships forDisasterReduction- (ADPC) South EastAsia(PDRSEA3) support forCBDRMfrom multipledevelopment collaborative planning approach tomobilize (NDMOs). The projectfollowedastrategic the NationalDisasterManagementOf Asia Phase3(PDR-SEA3)workedcloselywith Partnerships forDisasterReductionSoutheast With Timor LésteandVietnam. implemented inCambodia,Indonesia,LaoPDR, Center (ADPC),andtheUNESCAP tobe system bythe Asian DisasterPreparedness designed topromoteCBDRMwiththegovernment Reduction- SouthEast Asia (PDRSEA3)was East Asian region,thePartnershipsforDisaster bene for itsimplementationatalargerscaleinorderto development ofthecommunities,andneed based disasterriskmanagementinsustainable Recognizing theimportanceofcommunity disaster management. yet tobeyieldedfromtraditionalapproachesof regional levels.However, concreteresultshave disasters havebeenmadeatthenationaland eruptions andtsunami.Efforts tocopewith forest multiple risksincludingtyphoons, and 2003. The population inthisregionfaces affected byvariousdisasters between2000 regions oftheworld,with37.5millionpeople Southeast Asia isoneofthemostvulnerable fi t thevulnerablecommunitiesinSouth fi nancial supportfromDIPECHO,the fi res, earthquakes,landslides,volcanic papers: theme 2 papers: fl ood, drought, ood, fi ces 77/6/06 2:27:26 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_097-112_M2 100 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 7 - 1 100 1 2 _ M The projectalsofacilitated nationalworkshopsto mobilize supportfromthese sectorsforCBDRM. with theMediaandprivate sector, inorderto and capacitybuildingactivitieswereundertaken At thecountrylevelpartnershipdevelopment programming oflocalauthorities. for IntegratingCBDRMintotheplanningand authorities, andtheGuidebookon Advocacy the Mediakit,CBDRMcurriculumforlocal developed includeCriticalGuidelinesofCBDRM, CBDRM. A numberofothertoolsandframeworks learning bypractitionersandof in ordertopromotegoodpracticesandin-depth A regionaldatabaseonCBDRMwasdeveloped disaster preparednesssystemtosupportCBDRM. operational andtechnicalcapacityofthenational The projectundertookresearchtoassessthe StrengtheningNetworkingandPartnerships • Research andDevelopmentof Tools• to RegionalFrameworkDevelopmentand Action • three keyapproaches. approach, theprojectfocuseduponfollowing As partofthestrategiccollaborativeplanning implementation inthecountries. policies andlawsthatwillsupportitseffective by developingownershipofCBDRMinnational into thesocio-economicdevelopmentprocess approach willleadtotheintegrationofCBDRM It isexpectedthatthisstrategicplanning Strategic Collaborative Action PlansonCBDRM. regard, whichledtothedevelopmentofdraft Collaborative Workshops wereheldinthis facilitated inthecountries.NationalStrategic collaborative actionplanningprocesswas National ConsultationWorkshops, strategic process. Drawingupontheoutputsof the promotionofCBDRMindevelopment learnt fromCBDRMpracticesandstrategiesfor were organized,whichidenti Consultation Workshops intheprojectcountries components inalltheprojectcountries.National framework andimplementedsomeofitskey The projecthasdevelopedaconceptual NGOs andotherstakeholders. ministries anddepartments,aswellfrom Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 Support Decision-Making planning 0 0 fi ed thelessons fi cas about cials Providefundstomostvulnerable groupsfor • Developtechnicalskillsoflocalcommunities • Helpcommunitiesinundertakinglocalrisk • Shareinformationabout risksandvulnerability • Supporttoformandstrengthencommunity • CBDRM bycarryingoutthefollowingfunctions: can playasigni The governmentministriesandthedepartments • Political will Presenceofdedicated, trainedandcompetent • • Institutionalized budget • Strongpolicysupport Existence offormalorganizational • A frameworkofdisasterriskmanagement • following asitspre-conditions: Institutionalization ofCBDRMrequiresthe and programsinthisregard. reduction bydevelopingappropriatestrategies support tocommunitygroupsfordisasterrisk and budget. Accordingly theyshouldprovide and integrateCBDRMintheirpolicies,plans, community groupsindisasterriskmanagement, recognize theneedtoinvolvecommunitiesand commune orsub-district/municipallevelsshould governments fromtheprovincial,districtand The PDRSEA programmaintainsthatthe capacities ofparticipatingorganizations. organized inordertodevelopthetechnical and programmingoflocalauthoritieswas Advocacy tointegrateCBDRMintotheplanning international donors. A regionalworkshopon related todisasterriskmanagementandthe worked closelywiththeregionalcommittees the strategiccollaborativeplanning,project In ordertosupportthenationalactivitiesunder disaster riskmanagement. develop commonstandardsofcommunitybased activities community andhousehold levelriskreduction fi (e.g. riskassessment,searchandrescue, assessment andactionplanning with communities groups forriskreduction personnel infrastructure tosupportcommunitygroups rst aid,saferconstruction) fi cant roleininstitutionalizing 77/6/06 2:27:26 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 activities alongwiththelocalcommunities community initiatives for outsideagenciestoinvestresourcesinthe government andcreateconduciveenvironment system) stations, Seismologicalstation,earlywarning with communitygroups(e.g.meteorological 0 1 ﬁ c andtechnicalorganizations papers: theme 2 papers: 77/6/06 2:27:26 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 0 2 Department of Dyke Management, Storm and Flood Control Mr Dang Quang Tinh Vietnam Director Intergration ofCBDRMinto Vietnam’s NationalStrategy C some regionsisverycomplicated andpeople’s has manyobstaclesbecause topographyin public awarenessofthis work.However, itstill disasters, communicationinordertoraise exercises onpreparednessandresponseto Control organizetrainingcoursesand disasters. CommitteeofStormandFlood preparedness, responsetoandrecovery acknowledged importanceofcommunityin In therecentyears,PartyandStatehave to disasters. implementation ofpreparednessandresponse risk assessment,monitoring,planningaswell more participationofcommunitiesindisaster in publicinterestsandneeds,somobilized capacities forcommunities. These emphasized management projectsfocusedonbuilding impacts. Mostcommunity-baseddisaster preparedness andrehabilitationdisaster’s have increasinglycontributedtoprevention, government organizationsaswelldonors In addition,internationalandnationalnon- disaster management. effectively atalllevelsand fourspotpolicy... in the workofdykesmaintenanceimplemented response toandrecoverydisastersuchas much preciousexperienceinpreparedness, generations, Vietnam people haveaccumulated has alonghistoryinVietnam. Formany ommunity-based disasterriskmanagement 77/6/06 2:27:26 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 Risk Reductionprojects affected families established resettlementclustersfor capacities to communelevelsandisbuildingtheir strategy 2006-2020 0 3 ﬂ ood CAREinVietnam isdesigninglong-termand • • Oxfam implementingCBDRMactivities CRSandWorld Vision providingsupports • SC Alliance workingDMintochildfocused • CECIworkingCBDMintoadaptationofthe • UNDP, UNICEF, WHOandotherUNagencies • • AusAID implementsprojectsinCentral Vietnam RedCrossandInternational • large CBDRMprojects. advocacy components through actionplanning,implementationand environmental situation on housing,safervillage,improving risk reductionmethodologies climate change respective implement riskreductionactivitiesintheir province measures Cross, IFRCimplementriskreduction ﬁ elds papers: theme 2 papers: 77/6/06 2:27:26 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 0 The CambodianDisasterRiskReductionForum 7 Ms Bernie O’Neil ZOA Cambodia ZOA 3 meetingsin2005. establishing suchaforumandtoholdingatleast the DanishRedCross–DRC)committedto proposal toDIPECHO,CRC(withsupportfrom this. Therefore duringpreparation ofthecurrent Red Cross(CRC)couldtakealeadingrolein Many haveconsideredthattheCambodian exchange ofDRRexperiencesinCambodia. the needtopromotebettercoordinationand Reduction (DRR)agencieshavetalkedabout For severalyearsDIPECHOandDisasterRisk Forum Reasons for Establishing the a largeattendance. This includedalltheinitial Network) network,which meantthattherewas Zone EmergencyandEnvironment Coordination in conjunctionwiththeirown AZEECON (Asian Penh fromthe14thto16thofSeptember, The secondmeetingwashostedbyLWF inPhnom (DCA), OxfamandZOA. Church World Service(CWS),DanChurch Aid Faim (ACF),LutheranWorld FederationLWF), as wellthefollowingNGOs: Action Contrele Disaster Management(NCDM),CRCandIFRC representatives fromtheNationalCommitteefor Phnom Penhonthe25th August, attendedby The Overview Membership ﬁ rst meetingwasheldatCRCof papers: theme 3 papers: ﬁ c in ce 77/6/06 2:27:27 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_097-112_M2 108 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 7 - 1 108 1 2 _ M to ZOA targetvillages. could notattend. There wasamorning - butduetoothercommitments,World Vision by addingConcernWorldwide andWorld Vision the numberofparticipantswasagainincreased, hosted byZOA onthe23rdFebruary. This time Anlong Veng districtofOddarMeancheyprovince, The fourthmeetingwasjustrecentlyheldin was no American RedCrossand ADPC. This timethere the January 2006. The membershipincreasedfrom Kompong Cham,hostedby ACF, onthe4th The thirdmeetingwasheldintheprovinceof nearby provinceofKompongSpeu. (decentralization programofUNDP).Issuesthat last numberofyearsthroughtheSEILA program has beenconsiderablystrengthenedoverthe planning. The localplanning processinCambodia DRR shouldgohandinwithdevelopment local planningprocess. All participantsagreedthat meeting wasthemainstreamingofDRRinto But animportantissuediscussedatthelast It isverysoontonoteanysigni Key achievements inpromoting CBDRM 3. Raise awareness ofDRRissuesinthe 2. Increase coordinationofDRRagency To promoteexchangeofDRRexperiences 1. forum ofthe Objectives India. Amorning in theregionsuchasBangladesh,Nepaland well as AZEECON membersfromothercountries CDRR forumorganisationsandinstitutionsas Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 the localdevelopmentplanningprocess including advocatingmainstreamingDRRin wider community&governmentinstitutions- activities 0 fi 8 rst forumthroughtheparticipationofCARE, fi eld visit. eld fi eld visitwasorganisedtothe fi cant achievements. fi eld visit eld occurs waswelcomedbyallforumparticipants. at nationalleveltoensurethismainstreaming NCDM atthismeetingtofacilitatingdiscussions participatory manner. The commitmentofthe councils addressthispartoftheplaninatrue village developmentcommitteesandcommune challenge forDRRagencieswillbetoensurethat village &communedevelopmentplans. The addressed butstillremainspartoftheoverall this planningprocess–whichwillensureitis that DRRcouldalsohaveitsownsectionin as forgenderandenvironment.Itwasproposed separate sectorsintheplanningforms–such mainstreamed intotheprocessbyincluding were previouslynotthoughtabouthavebeen Althoughallmemberssayitsgreattohave • Memberorganisationsandinstitutionsdonot • network the Challenges insustaining TheForumcanbemostusefulwhentheory • Butkeepingthegroupsmall canmeanit • A smallconsistent group canhavemore • ofnetworking interms Lessons learned others don’thaveabudgetforthis. – somearetoobusywithotheractivitiesand the forum,notallarewillingtohostameeting a cohesiveworkinggroup. Forum. Therefore itistakinglongertodevelop always sendthesamepersontoattend and cannoteasilyarrangecrossvisits. working inremoteareasfarfromeachother we considerthatmanyDRRagenciesare in practice. This isparticularly usefulwhen allow memberstoseewhatothersaredoing visits totheForumhostisagoodway is combinedwithpractice–including taken. may notfeelasenseofownershipdecisions becomes “exclusive”andothersnotincluded productive discussionsthanalargergroup. fi eld 77/6/06 2:27:27 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 0 9 in Vietnam: Partnership forCommunity-based Ms Pham Thanh Hang Disaster ManagementWorking Group UNDP Vietnam Disaser RiskManagement provided inputstothepaper. kindly sharedtheirinvaluableperspectivesand grateful tomanyDMWGmembers,whohave its earlyinception.Buttoalargerextent,Iam am proudtohavebeenassociatedwithsince personal assessmentoftheDMWG,whichI well assomeDonors. The paperre other nationalagencies,theUnitedNationsas organizations (INGOs),theGovernmentand together manyInternationalNon-government Vietnam –auniquepartnership thathasbrought Disaster ManagementWorking Group(DMWG)in This paperattemptstoprovideasnapshotofthe Introduction in amoreproactiveand sustainable mannerand the DMWGhasdonewell, whatitcandomore been approved. There arediscussionsonwhat dollars World BankDRprojectthathasrecently (DR) inVietnam, suchasthemultimillionUS itself intheevolvingcontextofdisasterreduction sustainability aswelltheneedtoposition with challengestomaintainitsdynamicsand is ofgreatimportanceastheDMWGfacing more than4yearsofitsestablishment. This critical reviewofthegroup’s operationsafter Members oftheDMWGareundertakinga to Move Ahead The DMWG -Critical Re papers: theme 3 papers: ﬂ ections ections ﬂ et my ects 77/6/06 2:27:27 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_097-112_M2 110 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 7 - 1 110 1 2 _ M agencies’ expertise andresources. disaster issuesandjoint activities tocomplement by NGOsandInternational communityon forward closecoordination, coherentmessages meeting agendasandastrongneedtomove on monthlybasisin2001withmorestructured and somedonors. The groupbegantomeet UN agencies(UNDP, UNICEF, WHO,FAO) Health (throughHanoiSchoolofPublicHealth), (CCFSC), Vietnam RedCross,Ministryof Central CommitteeforFloodandStormControl (DDMFSC) ofMARD–theStanding of dykemanagementand includes InternationalINGOs,IFRC,Department membership, whichhasbeenopenand issues indisasterriskreduction. The DMWG emergency relieftobroaderandmorelong-term ﬁ as thenumberoforganizations,activein Participation totheDMWGmeetingsincreased 2001. the MekongRiverDelta involved inemergencyreliefoperationsduring started withad-hocmeetingsofsomeagencies, - innetworkingandcoordination. The DMWG their nationalpartner-theVietnam RedCross this, theIFRCalsowantedtobuildcapacityof provinces ofVietnam in late 1999.Byinitiating the devastating in massiveemergencyreliefduringandafter information andcoordinatetoavoidoverlaps Societies (IFRC)basedonarisingneedstoshare Federation ofRedCresentandCross The DMWGwasinitiatedbytheInternational What the DMWG has done well? formally structuredNDM-P. been muchmoreactivecomparedwiththe arrangements onanentirevoluntarybasishas the DMWGwithitsinformaland meetings andjointactivities.Ontheotherhand, to provideadministrativesupporttheDMWG on theneedofchairmanshipandaSecretariat interests fromDonors. This includesaquestion Government leadershipandwithmuchmore the 1999 major PartnershipinDRthatwasinitiatedafter P http://www.undp.org.vn/ndm-partnership) -a Natural DisasterMitigationPartnership(theNDM- how itwoulddetermineitsrelationshipwiththe Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning eld increased andthefocusshiftedfrom 2

1 1 0 fl oods underaconsiderablyprominent fl oods thathitsevenCentral fl ood andstormcontrol fl oods in2000and fl exible working exible fi ceofthe fl exible, . Ensurethatcontributions bytheinternational 5. 4. Promote adoption,adaptationanduseof Supportlocalorganizationsandcommunities 3. 2. Support agenciesoftheGovernment 1. Enhance theeffectiveness ofagencies relevant agencies,theDMGWaimsto: and coordinationofinterventionsamongstall Vietnam throughimprovedinformationsharing With thegoaltosupportdisasterriskreductionin DMWG ofthe Objectives 2. 1. activities. They havebeen promotedasfollows: the keythemesofDMWGdialoguesand DRM andhumanitarianactionshavebeen CBDRM andotherinternationalstandardsin The andCBDRM DMWG Activities timely andappropriate. community todisasterreliefinVietnam are disaster managementinVietnam by agenciesworkinginhazardreductionand current internationalstandardsofbestpractice hazards andmanaginglocalrisks strategies andtoolstoidentifyinglocal to developsustainableandappropriate and disastermanagement responsibilities relatingtohazardreduction of Vietnam atalllevelsinful management inVietnam working inhazardreductionanddisaster sectors. have beenmainstreamed intheJA across all participation, child-focus andgenderequality needs toresumelivelihoods.Community of disastersonpeopleandtheirdifferent that focusesonidentifyingunderlyingimpacts developed acomprehensivequestionnaire many assessmentmissions. The DMWGhas local authoritiesandcommunitieswithtoo assessment whilereducingtheburdenon agencies’ expertiseandexperiencein ef and humanitarianneedstoenhancecost (JA) Assessment Joint interventions. and experiencesfromdifferent projectsand common fundingwindows,lessonslearned plans forfundmobilizationwithseveral on-going programmeandprojectactivities, issues inDRM:emergencyrelief,plannedand sharing Information fi ciency andcomplementaryofdifferent on awiderangeof ofdisasterdamage 1 fi lig their lling 77/6/06 2:27:28 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_097-112_M2 111 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 7 - 1 1 2 _ M Relief Services(CRS). With theCRSproviding Affairs (UNOCHA), AUSAID andCatholic from theUnitedNations Of provinces afterthe 328 housesinQuangNgaiandBinhDinh many, therewasajoint projecttorehabilitate ﬁ and jointbrie the CCFSCandRedCross.JA reports support byparticipatingagenciesincluding contribution ofhumanresourcesandlogistic several JAshavebeenundertakenwithvoluntary enthusiastic feedbackforeverycallaJA and the JA initiative,thegrouphasexperienced agencies forfundsmobilizationwouldjeopardize skeptics andfearthatcompetitionamongthe and enthusiasmtoworktogether. Despiteearly values toallpartnersiftherearecommitments coordination andcollaborationdoworkbring more than4yearsofoperations,showedthat The DMWGisadynamicnetwork,whichover Achievements 5. 4. 3. nancial supporttoemergencyefforts. Amongst 2

1 both internationalandnationalpartners. for networkingandmutuallearningamongst experiences. These were goodopportunities research results,lessonslearnedand partners topresenttheirprojectactivities, to theDMWGmeetingsthroughtheirINGOs national andlocalpartnershavebeeninvited been initiated. An increasingnumberof national andlocalpartnersinCBDRMhave capacity inbuilding Joint efforts on policyadvocacy. while buildingastrongervoicefromthegroup issues inDRMandcommunityapproaches the groupmemberagenciesonkeytechnical mutual supportandjointlearningamongst on CBDRM. These havegreatlyfacilitated to Governmentof standards andtoensurecoherentmessages CBDRM, synchronizedCBDRMpracticesand to advocateforandpromoteintegrationof workshops and training Joint research, and aworkshop. to nationalpartnersthroughajointtraining members, andhasbeenwidelydisseminated Vietnamese withsupportfrommanyDMWG Handbook, whichhasbeentranslatedinto standards international inpromoting Joint efforts 1 1 fi suchasthenewSPHERE ngs forDonorshaveresultedin fl oods in2003withfunding fi cials andcommunities fi ce forHumanitarian of

Vietnam onDRM. marked withapublicexhibition,ledby Action Aid in DRM. The ceremonyof thisDayin2005was local agenciesandinternationalpartnersworking together allGovernmentministries,nationaland is agoodadvocacyopportunityasitbrings the InternationalDisasterReductionDay, which supporting theorganizationofcelebration and locallevels. The group hasbeenactivein voice onanumberofpolicyissuesatnational in theDMWGthathelpstoenhanceitscoherent enthusiastic jointlearningmodehasbeencreated standards andinstitutionalizationofCBDRM. An mainstreaming inDR,JA techniquesand and researchonCBDRMincludinggender number ofjointtrainingsessions,workshop The DMWGmembershavebene fi used bytheGovernmentinitsdecisionsfor of thetyphoonDamreyinSeptember2004was the GovernmentinJAs been increasedparticipationandownershipby long-term disasterriskreduction. There hasalso efforts thatbridgedemergencyreliefwithmore a harmonizedapproachandcomplementary was asuccessfulexperienceindemonstrating playing theoverallcoordinationrole,project to localauthoritiesandbene implementation supportandtechnicalassistance . Theneedformorelearninganddevelopment 1. coherent interventionsinCBDRMVietnam: challenges initsefforts toward coordinatedand The DMWGhasexperiencedanumberof Learned Challenges and Lessons nancial supporttoaffected provinces. activities inthesamegeographic areas. done tomoveforwardjoint programme/project available resources.Much moreshouldbe and applybestpracticesmaximize adequate sharingandjointefforts todevelop own CBDRMmethodsandmaterialswithout agencies seemtocontinuedevelopingtheir local levelthatareincreasing. The member CBDRM practicesacrossprojectsat There isaneedformuchmoresharingof been encouragingbutstilllimitedinquantity. CBDRM of commonstrategiesandstandardtoolsfor : The initialworkonCBDRMhave 2 . The latestJA report fi ciaries andUNDP papers: theme 3 papers: fi ted froma 77/6/06 2:27:28 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_097-112_M2 112 0 6 9 9 _ 0 9 7 - 1 112 1 2 _ M . Theneedtobe moreproactiveforintegration 4. 3. Policy dialoguesandadvocacyshouldbe 2. National andmulti-sectoralparticipationstill Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 Also thesepartnershipscould offer networking provide excellentplatforms fortheDMWG. resources, publichealth, etc),whichcould development, environmentandnatural development themes(Agricultureandrural partnership mechanismsonotherimportant DMWG inthisregardandtheredoexist programmes. There isaclearroleforthe taken intoconsiderationinotherdevelopment that integrationofdisasterriskreductionis natural disastermanagement,itisimportant of CBDRM experience willalsobeofgreatbene from othercountriesandtoshareVietnam Regional collaborationtolearnbestpractices consolidated intospeci initiatives ontheground,whichshouldbe member agencieshavegainedthroughtheir are manyrichexperiencesthatindividual wider contributionsinthisregard. There for moreparticipatoryprocessestofacilitate Center). A lotmorecanbe donetoadvocate 2006-2010 facilitatedbytheNGOResource National Socio-economicdevelopmentplan disaster reduction,DMWGcontributionforthe fi gender mainstreamingandCBDRMinthe at anearlystage,butitisstimulating(promoting strengthened comprehensive integratedCBDRM. these agenciesinitsendeavortopromote and makeefforts tomobilizeparticipationof Vietnam. The groupshouldhaveastrategy important rolesinvariousaspectsofDRM institutions, whicharemandatedandplay other Governmentagenciesandnational nature ofnaturaldisasters,therearemany natural hazardsinVietnam andcrosscutting network. Nevertheless,giventhediversityof with supportfromUNDP isawideandactive partners. The DMWGmailinglist,managed National InstituteofNutrition,etc)andlocal public healthundertheMinistryofHealth, institutions (suchastheHanoischoolof has beenextendedtoacademicandresearch international partners. The groupmembership through encouragementoftheirrespective DMWG meetingsandactivitieshasincreased limited 1 nalization oftheNationalStrategyfornatural 2 : The numberofnationalagenciesin : Giventhecrosscuttingnatureof : The DMWGpolicyadvocacy is fi c policymessages. fi t. 5. Sustainability member agencies. Therefore, thereisanoption expertise andrichexperiences fromDMWG that wouldbene provide excellentplatformforpolicydialogues the group.Onotherhand,NDM-P can with limitedparticipationoftheGovernmentin CBDRM isoneofthekeychallengesforDMWG Strengthening advocacyandpolicydialoguesin learned fromtheNDM-Partnershiphasshown. any Secretariatofformasthelesson to makeitwork,whichcannotbereplacedby members willneedtocontinuebetheengine burdens onthememberagencies.Further, group mechanisms shouldnotberigidandcreate addressed. Ontheotherhand,thesesupporting and clearmappingofresponsibilitiesneedtobe working mechanisms, TOR, speci like institutionalizedorganizationalbackup, building endeavor. As such, organizationalissues achieve throughthisnetworkingandpartnership the grouptodeterminewhattheywouldwant changing contexthaveshowntheclearneedfor faced andnewrequirementstopositionitselfina activities. Nevertheless,thechallengesithas - theestablishedmechanismsforJA andjoint strong foundationsforfurtherdevelopment work welloverthelast4years.Ithascreated promoting harmonizationandtomakethisgroup such acomplexissueofbuildingPartnershipand contributions havebeenessentialtomotivate it work.Individualcommitmentsandvoluntary those whoarecommittedandcontributetomake The DMWGhasbeenarewardingexperienceto How DMWG the Could Move Forward? beyond thoseworkingintheDRMarea. opportunities withothernationalpartners fi on members’ bothintermsofhumanand working mechanismwithoutcreatingburden the DMWGtoexploreamoreinstitutionalized in somekeyagencies. There isaneedfor down incertainactivitiesduetostaff turnover commitments andithasexperiencedaslow on individualswithoutclearorganizational the otherhand,groupseemstodepend their interestsandavailableresources.On choose activitiestotakepartindependingon extent provided activities hasbeengoodandtoacertain nancial resources. nancial fi : ParticipationintheDMWG t fromwealth ofstrongtechnical fl exibilities foragenciesto fi c workplans c 77/6/06 2:27:28 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 113 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 2 7 _ M NotablythroughtheDepartmentofdykemanagementand 2 ExtractfromTerms ofReferenceDMWG,2003 1 Footnotes 2004-2007, Finaldraft,December2004 Framework documentand Action PlanoftheNDM-Partnership, March 2004 Relief Needs2003-Vietnam PracticeandLessonsLearned, R. KuberanandSamSternin,Joint Assessment forDisaster (DMWG) -DraftTerms ofReference VUFO NGOResourceCenterDisasterManagementWorking References dialogues undertheNDM-P. group toplayakeyroleinpolicyadvocacyand P butthereisperhapsabetteroptionforthe for theDMWGtoworkinparallelwithNDM- 2

1 immediately afterthetyphoonDamreyinSeptember2004 also theMinistryofForeign Affaires (MOFA) intherecentJA Central CommitteeforFloodandStormControl(CCFSC) ﬂ 1 ood andstormcontrol(DDMFSC)-theStandingof 3

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1 1 4 Center for Disaster Preparedness Disaster Center for Ms Lorna PVictoria DM PractitionersinthePhilippines Philippines Director Networking forCBDRMamong They areusuallybring innewframework, community baseddisaster riskmanagement. supporting, facilitatingandcatalyticrolesin Non-government Organizations(NGOs)perform bene management activitieswhichshouldinvolveand actions inpre,duringandpost-disasterdisaster and appropriateadequateservices disaster riskmanagementorganizations, policy, effective institutionalarrangements/ collaboration andpartnershipstohaveenabling multi-stakeholder/inter-sectoral coordination, Within alevel,thereisneedtostrengthen regional, provincial,municipal/city, village). country’s disastermanagement system(national, is importantamongthevariouslevelsof not beoveremphasized,verticalcoordination based disasterriskmanagement(CBDRM)can While theimportanceoflocalandcommunity for allitscitizens. general wellbeingandsustainabledevelopment public safety, disasterresilienceaswellthe, primary responsibilityfordisastermanagement, community isessential,governmenthasthe involvement ofallstakeholdersespeciallythe business andresponsibility. Whilethe Disaster riskmanagementiseverybody’s General Framework ﬁ t communitiesat-risk. - NGOPerspective 77/13/06 4:24:07 PM / 1 3 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 115 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 2 7 _ M Aside fromthebene nationwide, regional,orprovincialcoverage. have ahistoryofbandingtogetherto Most NGOsinvolvedindisastermanagement disaster management. NGOs havebroadermandateswhichincludes disaster managementmandateswhilesome a disaster. A fewNGOshavehumanitarianor they usuallyengageinreliefactivitiesfollowing have nocleardisastermanagementmandates, organizations. Although mostoftheseNGOs development, business,mediafoundationsand These includecivic,faith-based,charity, social Philippine SecuritiesandExchangeCommission. Some 60,000NGOsareregisteredwiththe There isaproliferationofNGOsinthePhilippines. Management Overview of Networks in Disaster choices. local people’s voicesandhelpthemexpand national level,NGOslistentoandarticulatethe In advocacyandlobbyworkatthelocal other stakeholdersincapacitydevelopment. others. NGOsarepartnersofcommunitiesand the academe,businessgroups,mediaand national government,thescienti with otherstakeholderssuchaslocaland interface forcommunitiesat-risktointeract atrisk.NGOsusuallyprovidethenecessary technoloy, resourcesandservicestocommunities concepts, tools,information,appropriate has 86chaptersallover thePhilippines.Red Red Cross Youth, socialwelfareservices)and and nursingservice,national bloodprogram, service, safetycommunityhealth has abroadmandate(disastermanagement The PhilippineNationalRedCross(PNRC) involve governmentandcommunities. and informalnetworksinitiatedbyNGOsalso service providers.Moreandmore,theformal and promotestandardsofperformanceamong CBDRM, engageinadvocacyandlobbywork, networks alsoworkforthemainstreamingof communities servedandcompetition.Recent and avoidingduplicationofservices sharing, complementationinservicesdelivery networking providesinformationandresources 2

1 1 5 fi t ofwidercoverage, fi c community, c activities uptothemid1990s. Pinatubo emergencyresponse andrehabilitation the 1990EarthquakeinNorthernLuzonandMt. resources sharingandlimitedadvocacyduring was activeincoordination,informationand the PhilippineRuralReconstructionMovement) Cross, Citizens’ DisasterResponseCenterand for SocialProgress,PhilippineNationalRed NGOs (whichincludedthePhilippineBusiness for DisasterResponsecomposedof9national in theearly1990s. The Inter-AgencyNetwork NGOs involvedindisastermanagementwas The CBDRM workinPampanga. NGOs isverymuchactiveuptothepresentin composed of20people’s organizationsand the PampangaDisasterResponseNetwork A provincialnetworkformedatthattime, people’s organizations,CLDRN isnowinactive. provincial networksandregionalNGOs Response Network(CLDRN).Composedof lahar and preparednessforsuccessiveseasonsof Mt. Pinatuboeruptionemergencyoperations A regionalnetworkformedduringthe1991 local churches. Council ofChurchesthePhilippinesassisting centers alloverthePhilippinesandNational Philippines inpartnershipwith80socialaction under theCatholicBishopConferenceof Secretariat ofSocial Action, JusticeandPeace also havenationwidecoveragearetheNational NGOs withdisastermanagementprogramsthat over thePhilippines.Examplesoffaith-based Response Centerand13RegionalCentersall Network composedoftheCitizens’ Disaster since 1984istheCitizen’s DisasterResponse development-oriented disasterresponse) (with itsownbrandofcitizenry-based Another nationalnetworkpromotingCBDRM Programme. its IntegratedCommunityDisasterPlanning community baseddisastermanagementthrough Council. Starting1994,PNRChasimplemented member oftheNationalDisasterCoordinating of raisingmoney. ItistheonlyNGOwhicha operational policiesbuthaveautonomyinterms Cross Chaptershaveuni fi rst attempttohaveanetworkamong fl ows wastheCentralLuzonDisaster fi ed administrative and papers: theme 3 papers: 77/6/06 2:32:04 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 116 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 116 2 7 _ M Of the RegionalDisasterCoordinatingCouncil/ Mindanao, theUNMulti-DonorProgrammewith Community andFamilyServicesInc., Tabang It wasconvenedbySavetheChildren-US, and theUNMulti-lateralDonorProgramme. national andinternationalNGOswithgovernment newly organizednetworkof35collaboratinglocal, The MindanaoEmergencyResponseNetworkisa levels. the DisasterCoordinatingCouncilsatvarious representation andparticipationofNGOsin on policydevelopment,capacitybuildingand representatives. The Sectoral Agenda revolves composed of16regionaland4nationalnetwork Sectoral Agenda andelectstheSectoralCouncil National Sectoral Assembly formulatesthe and consultationsin19992001. The VDC 2002 followingpreparatorysectoralassembly a networkorganizedbytheGovernmentin Victims ofDisasterand CalamitiesSectoris The National Anti-Poverty Commission- landslide problemsoftheircommunity. disaster managementtoaddress Buklod Tao, apeople’s organizationinvolvedin CNDR facilitatedassistanceofacorporationto the 2004 disaster preparednessandmitigationfollowing It alsoassistscommunitiesinNuevaEcija preparedness activitiesamongitsmembers. local partners.CNDRorganizesawarenessand and distributethesetobene relief materialsandcashduringemergencies members pooltogetherfoodandotheressential CARE PhilippinesisalsoamemberofCNDR.Its BPI Foundation,Inc., Ayala FoundationInc. big corporationsincluding ABS-CBN Foundation, groups andsocialdevelopmentfoundationsof activities. CNDRisanetworkof29business Pinatubo emergencyresponseandrehabilitation Earthquake andstrengthenedthroughitsMt. (CNDR) wasalsoorganizedduringthe1990 The CorporateNetworkforDisasterResponse Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning solutions todisplacement. MERNundertookthe assistance andservices whileseekingdurable and appropriateemergency andhumanitarian goal istopursueaneffective, ef persons bycon quality ofassistancetointernallydisplaced as wellimprovingtheperformanceand 2

fi 1 ce ofCivilDefensefor 1 6 fl ooding andlandslides.Recently, fl ict inMindanaosince2000.Its fi eld levelcoordination fi cais through ciaries fi cet timely cient, fl odn and ooding Emerging Networks similar coordinationmeetings canbecontinued Response Networkat the nationallevelor network similartothe Mindanao Emergency and preparedness. This coulddevelopintoa organizations involvedinemergencyresponse initiated acoordinationmeetingamongkey disaster inFebruary2006,Oxfam-GBhas In connectionwiththeGuinsaugonmudslide the Of Animal Industry-Departmentof Agriculture and including theDepartmentofHealth,Bureau has grownto25NGOsandgovernmentgroups Table Discussionstodate,theinformalnetwork preparedness activities. Through the4Round Philippines forthe Avian In Table DiscussionswerecalledbyCARE In thelastquarterof2005andin2006,Round organizations inthisinitiative. should supportthecommunityandpeople’s the Conference.Ifthisnetworkcontinues,NGOs Coordinating Councilsand16NGOsattended Organizations, 3Barangays(village)Disaster A totalof60delegatescomingfrom32People’s Organizations inCBDMwasheld August 2004. The FirstNationalConferenceofPeople’s Management Bill. its inputstothePDMFalternativeDisaster to itsrosterafteraMindanaoForumcontributed members andmorehavebeenadded membership ofPDMFwith46otherindividual initially formallycomposedtheorganizational and PDMFinstitutionalization. Thirteen NGOs promotion ofCBDM,networkandlinkagebuilding and activitiesincludelegislativepolicyadvocacy, institutionalization ofCBDM.Itskeyprograms other organizationsworkingforthelegislationand NGOs, people’s organizations,theacademeand (PDMF) isanetworkofNGOsandindividualsfrom The PhilippineDisasterManagementForum advocacy forpeaceinMindanao. services forinternallydisplacedpersonsand and drought.Ithascontinuedonindeliveryof in 1998duringthefoodcrisiscausedbyElNino church, businessandmediafoundationsformed its own, Tabang Mindanaoisalsoaconsortiumof local adaptationoftheSPHEREstandards.On fi ce ofCivilDefense-NDCC. fl uenza threatand 77/6/06 2:32:04 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 117 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 2 7 _ M alternative DMbillcalling fortheformationofa Mindanao Forumledto theformulationofan PDMF amongitsmembersandconductofthe were incorporated.Subsequentconsultationsof initial inputsandrecommendationsofthePDMF on CommunityDisasterPreparedness,allthe Capability andEstablishingtheNationalProgram Strengthening thePhilippineDisasterControl Congress toupdatePresidentialDecree1566, In theDisasterManagementBillpresentedto widespread replicationofCBDMinthePhilippines. from thegovernmentandNGOscalledfor 69 keydisastermanagementorganizations January 2003. The 82participants comingfrom Conference onCBDMinthePhilippines Of with theNationalDisasterCoordinatingCouncil- Under thebannerofPDMF, CDP co-organized and participatingorganizationsintothePDMF. led totheformalizationofconvenorgroup bills inthePhilippineCongress. The StudyForum legislation andproposeddisastermanagement and individualswasinitiatedtoreviewexisting Study Forumconvenedby10organizations CBDM inthePhilippines.Subsequentlya policy advocacytoenableandinstitutionalize of networkingandengaginginlegislative relevance ofCBDMapproachandthenecessity East Asia 1in2001. The workshopaf the PartnershipforDisasterReduction-South CBDM inthePhilippinesorganizedtogetherwith conceived duringtheRe Disaster ManagementForum.PDMFwas CDP spearheadedtheformationofPhilippine and publication,networkingadvocacy. training, interactivefora,consultancies,research Its agendaistomainstreamCBDRMthrough dedicated topromotinganddevelopingCBDRM. Foundation, Inc.(CDP)isaresourcecenter The CenterforDisasterPreparedness CBDRM Partnership for Mainstreaming of CDP’s Networking and impending threatssuchasLaNinain2006. events and/orpreparednessandmitigationfor for emergencyresponseparticulardisaster 2

fi 1 ce ofCivilDefensetheFirstNational 1 7 fl ection Workshop on fi rmed the rmed module foruseattheBarangaylevel. initial actionplanning. An outputisatraining the conductofparticipatoryriskassessmentand Cotabato. The pilotproject involvedchildrenin con management andlocalgovernanceinarmed integration ofchildrenprotectionrightsindisaster Rehabilitation Center, CDP alsopilotedthe Together withSavetheChildren-UKandBalay with NGOsandgovernmentpersonnel. module wassubjectedtoparticipatorycritique management inlocalgovernance. The training and pre-testamoduletointegratedisasterrisk Municipality ofGuagua)withNGOstoformulate Safety andEmergencyManagementOf among localgovernmentunits(AlbayPublic cited goodpracticesindisastermanagement Government, Of Group fromtheDepartmentofInteriorandLocal mainstreaming, CDP convenedtheWorking As partofitsmulti-trackapproachforCBDRM community andpeople’s organizations. SEA 2supportedthiscomingtogetherofthe as withtheplanningmeetingofPDMF, PDR- plans tostrengthenCBDRMandthePOs.Just secure communities”,theConferencediscussed organizations towardsprepared,strongand With thethemeof“Linkingarmspeople’s Councils and16NGOsattendedtheConference. 3 Barangays(village)DisasterCoordinating coming from32People’s Organizations(POs), CBDM heldin August 2004. A totalof60delegates National ConferenceofPeople’s Organizationsin CDP alsoassistedtheconveningofFirst under theOf new NationalDisasterManagement Authority 1. The complexdisasterproblemrequiresa and Partnership Development Leasons Learned in Networking local) business sector)andvertically (nationalto - horizontally(government,civilsociety, partnership hastobedevelopedatalllevels Everybody hassomethingtocontributethus participatory, holisticand integratedapproach. fl ict situationswith9barangaysinPikit,North fi ce ofthePresident. fi ce ofCivilDefense-NDCC, papers: theme 3 papers: fi ce and ce 77/6/06 2:32:05 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 118 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 118 2 7 _ M . Willingnessofpartnerstoshareinthe 8. Securingstart-upfundsforkeyactivities 7. 6. Designation ofworkinggroupsforvarious 5. Recognition oftheinterestsandvoices 4. Encouraging involvementofparticipating Focusoncommonissuesandconcernsbased 3. Buildingonpreviousgains 2. BeliefthatCBDRMworksandthepassionto 1. Mainstreaming in Networking for CBDRM Some of CDP’s Success Factors 4. Legislative advocacyworkisanimportant Theleadershipaswellthemembershave 3. Even amongNGOs,andespeciallybetween 2. Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 9. Use ofinternational/regional platformas 2

1 functions andactivitiestofurtherCBDRM building consensus. each participatingorganization/individualand organizations andindividuals organizations andindividuals on feltissuesandconcernsofparticipating promote CBDRM the locallevel. addressing operationalissues,especiallyat to becombinedwithcapacitybuildingand timing andisalsotimeconsuming.Ithas strategy inmainstreamingCBDRM.Itrequires co-responsibility insustainingthenetwork. engage indialoguespiteofdifferences. the objectives. The importantthingisto different strategiesorapproachestorealize misunderstandings. Eachonecanhave timetable ofactivitiesmustbecleartoavoid information andcommunication for coordination,rolesandresponsibilities, objective/s forcomingtogether, procedures can beanirritantorsourceofdistrust. The NGOs andGOs,differences inworkingstyles Philippines leverage fornetworkingCBDRMinthe costs torealizeactivities 1 8 fl ow andthe fi nancial 4. Formation ofa networktosupporttrainers Pursuetherightsbasedapproachindisaster 3. 2. Encourage bilateralpartnershipsand . Thesustainability oftheNetworksforCBDRM 1. Recommendations Challenges and . OntheSuccessofNetworkFormation,L.P. Victoria, 2003. 3. ProjectReports,CenterforDisasterPreparedness 2. A StudyontheCurrent DisasterManagementPracticeand 1. Sources: CBDRM Trainers. TLC canalsomean Tender LovingCarefor approaches intraining.ForthePhilippines, as theparticipatoryandlearner-centered learning ondisasterriskreductionaswell Circle (TLC)sincetrainersneedtocontinue This maybecalledthe Training andLearning Africa usingSouth-Southasthemodality. regional formationsinLatin America and to theProVention Consortium,IFRCand idea hasbeenbroachedforfurtherstudy promoting andmainstreamingCBDRM,this training hasbeenanimportantapproachin s ofDMpractitionersandadvocates.Since in CBDRMasasub-groupamongnetwork/ in thisdirection. risk management.In network. yet bethetimetohaveasuperumbrellaDRM networking (informalandformal).Itismaynot - secure fundsforoperationsofthe consideranchororganization/secretariat - participatoryNetworkmanagementmodels - championswithintheNetworktosee - of sustainabilityare: is indeedachallenge.Importantingredients CARE Philippines,May2004 Philippines andM. Alcid, J. Arcilla, C.Dulce,E.Elegadoand Opportunities forStrengtheningLocalCapacities,CARE network ofPeople’s organizations secretariat andactivitiesespeciallyofthe by rotationbasis in keepingwiththespiritofCBDRM between meetingsandactivities designated personneltofollowthrough and ananchororganization/secretariat/ the pursuitofNetworkgoalsthrough fl uence allstakeholders 77/6/06 2:32:05 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 1 9 Indonesia Society for Disaster Ms Theresia Wuryantari Management Indonesia National NetworkingInitiatives and OpportunitiesinIndonesia reactive andcursorymanner, withlittle attention and empowermentofIDPs wereconsideredof ministerial level,itspolicy forreturn,resettlement, as acoordinatingbodyofits14membersat and displacedpopulation.Mainlyfunctioning with theresponsibilityinhandlingdisaster (Bakornas PBP)in2000,whichwastasked Coordinating BodyforDisasterManagement main reasonfortheestablishmentofNational and theincreasingnumberofIDPshadbeen The urgencytodealwiththerecurringdisasters the regions. encouraged exploitationofnaturalresourcesin instance duetotheill-conceivedpoliciesthat and susceptibilitytotheimpactofdisastersfor extent contributedtoincreasevulnerabilities fall ofSuharto’s rulingin 1998hadtosome momentum ofdemocratisationfollowingthe disaster suchas small scalebutrecurringoccurrencesofnatural those affected bydevelopment programsand their homesduringyear2000-2001,notincluding around 1.3millionpeoplewereforcedto widespread armedcon displaced persons(IDPs)resultingfromthe recorded apeakinthenumberofinternally 1997-1998. At theheightofcrisis,Indonesia the natural andsocialsectariannature,following I increasing frequenciesofdisasters,both ndonesia attheendof1990swasmarkedwith fi nancial crisisthathitthecountryduring fl ooding andlandslides. The fl icts acrossthecountry: papers: theme 3 papers: fl ee 1 77/6/06 2:32:05 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 120 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 120 2 7 _ M around 150members, consisting ofindividual years afteritsformation, MPBIhasregistered practitioners andobservers inIndonesia. Three memberships fromalldisastermanagement As aforumof Bencana Indonesia Management ( name oftheIndonesianSocietyforDisaster and theforumwasof where disastermanagementcanbepromoted promote theapproachbyestablishingaforum initiated themeetingwasnotdiscouragedto management plan,someoftheindividualswho there wasnotanyneedforaholisticdisaster attention fromthegovernmentonviewthat Disaster ManagementPlanonlyreceivedlittle initial recommendationsforthedraftNational (e.g.Health Ministry, SocialMinistry).Whilethe of BakornasPB,elementsPB government bodiesincludingtheSecretariat national andinternationalNGOs,UNagencies, plan. Participantsincludedpractitionersfrom develop thedraftnationaldisastermanagement professional activitiestodiscussthe practitioners fromdifferent backgroundsand meeting ofthoseindividualsandsomeothers 2000, theinitiativebegantorollin2001with plan forIndonesia. After apreliminarymeetingin need foranintegrateddisastermanagement management efforts initiated todeliberatethe of individualsactivelyinvolvedindisaster durable solutioninmanagingdisaster, anumber of theurgencyforadvocatingshifttowards disaster management.Insuchspiritandinlight including thoseforchangesinthesystem fundamental changesingovernancemechanism, of opportunity, therehavebeenefforts for been increasingsincethen. Taking thewindows organisations andcivilsocietyingeneralhas On theotherhand,roleofnon-governmental tremendously weakened. the capacityindisastermanagementwas system ofdisastermanagement.Consequently were notaccompaniedbyadjustmentsinthe in governancemechanisms. These, however, about opportunitiesforfundamentalchanges Democratization andlocalautonomyhavebrought nor adurablesolutioninmanagingdisasters. rights oftheIDPsandaffected population to theneedforprotectionanddeliveryofbasic Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 2 0 Masyarakat Penanggulangan fl /MPBI) on3March2003. uid nature,MPBIinvites fi cially establishedbythe fi rs effort to Increasedawarenessonandestablished • Indonesian RC,ITS,Parliament): IIDP, IDEP, CARE,UNOCHA,Oxfam,IFRC, among othersKappala,KPB,BakornasPB, (through collaborationsandpartnershipswith and networkingachievedthefollowings Indonesia, MPBIhasgainedextensivesupports new kindofinitiativeindisastermanagement and now, asanewly-establishedandrelatively During theshortspanbetweenMarch2003 Disseminating informationregardingethical • • Improving thecommunicationandco- • Providing policyrecommendationsand Promotionofdisastermanagementthrough • through thefollowingprogrammes: Becomingacriticalpartnerfortherelevant • Encouragingaprosperouscommunityby • Supportingthecreationofacommunitywhere • currently active.Itmainlyaimsat: stakeholder, witharound NGOs, academiciansandotherelementsof international agencies,nationaland management fromthegovernmentsectors, practitioners, scientistsandobserversindisaster Developmentanddisseminationofuser- - Translation, publicationanddissemination - Annual InternationalDayforDisaster - dissemination andawarenessraising: and managementthroughinformation commitment todisasterriskreduction consideration ofdisastermanagement national andinternationallevels. institutions, NGOsaswellgovernmentat operations indisastermanagementwith regarding disastermanagement proposals togovernmentandparliament education, trainingand harmony betweenscienceandpractice; that isimplementedprofessionallywitha parties inordertoachievedisastermanagement promoting disastermanagement. the peoplefeelthattheyaresafe. volcano eruption. deal andbepreparedwith earthquakeand CBDRM/DRM, e.g.Guidelines onhowto friendly formatpublicationspertainingto Response of SPHEREMinimumStandardsinDisaster 2003, 2004,2005 Reduction commemorationactivitiesin fi eld application. eld fi fty membersare 77/6/06 2:32:06 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 121 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 2 7 _ M Therearegaps anddifferences inperspective, • Thereisagapofknowledgeandexperience • challenges are: of sustainingtheassociation.Somemain supports fromawidernetworkaswellinterms Indonesia, bothintermsofitseffort ingaining promote disastermanagementapproachin Challenges arefacingMPBIinitscourseto Establishedcommitmentandaccountability • Increasedaccountabilityandeffectiveness • 2

1 the partofwidernetwork; outlook andbeliefsinmanaging disasteron agencies; especially withnetworkfromgovernment on disasterriskreductionandmanagement, Draft Disaster ManagementBill,which - - deliberation, andbroad-basepublic - Systematic facilitation ofthe Collaboratetodevelopcommunity-based - - Formulation ofmodelforDisaster active participationofrelevantstakeholders) and nationalBill(incollaborationwithby through formulationapplicationofDMmodels for disasterriskreductionandmanagement - Community-based shelterfordisaster NationalEmergencyManagementand - Seriesoforientationsandtrainingson - Trainings andWorkshops onCommunity- - and application in CBDRM/DRMthrougheducation,training, - Public dialogsandtalk-showsseries, - - Publication anddissemination of 2 1 • Draft Bill • Brie • Academic Analysis consists of: consultation ofthe conceptualization, DM guidelines Management PlanandSOPsforDM affected populationin Aceh Contingency PlanningWorkshop community, etc.) (NGO, university, governmentagencies, Response formanystakeholders Sphere MinimumStandardsinDisaster Based DisasterManagement especially forDMbillcampaign Protection ofIDPs. other DRMmaterials:Hyogoframework, fi ng PaperonLegislativeReform Thereisanover-expectationonMPBIintheir • Thereissigni • Membersofthewidernetworkareoftennot • Disasterriskreductionarenotmainstreamed • • Con Members withdifferent backgroundand • • Unprecedented momentum oftsunami Mainstreaming disasterriskmanagementinto • following lessonslearnt: management inIndonesia,MPBIcoulddrawthe programmes andactivitiespertainingtodisaster From itsexperiencesinimplementing • Con Thereislimitedtimeandhumanresources • Ittendstoshiftfromprogrammepriorities • Thereisaneedtostrengthennetworkingat • operational atthe management. MPBIisexpectedtobedirectly role inpromotingdisasterriskreductionand agent; mission istobeaninnovatorandchange contribute toin in thestrategicdecisionmakingladderto willingness; organisational mandate,andlackofpolitical on emergencyresponseonly, limited among othersduetofocusandemphasis into policyanddevelopmentprocesses of membershavegained positivesupport and Secretariat by astronganddedicatedSecretaryGeneral nurturing interestinCBDRM/DRM,supported professional activitiesareinvaluableassetsin development ofDMBill. the politicalwillingnessforreformthrough government toDRM,forinstancethrough in DRMandbuildsthecommitmentof wide awarenessonthelimitedcapacity and earthquakein Aceh raisesnational- concerned; task notonlyforMPBIbuttoallstakeholders policy anddevelopmentprocessesisahuge de professional capacitywithininstitutionswith MPBI areatthesametimeindividualsintheir available withintheSecretariat regional andinternationallevel reduction andmanagement; holistic andmulti-sectorefforts indisasterrisk sector, themedia,toengagethemina other elementsofstakeholders,e.g.private fi ned mandate; ned fi fl dence, credibilityandstrongcommitment icting interestsasindividualmembersof fi cant needtooutreachmore fl uence changes uence fi eld level,whileMPBI’s papers: theme 3 papers: 77/6/06 2:32:06 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 122 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 122 2 7 _ M WrittenbyTheresiaWuryantari,MPBI,Indonesiaforthe4 1 Footnotes Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning Thereisaneedtodeliberateovertheroleand • 2

1 Bangkok, 8-10March2006 Regional DisasterManagementPractitioners’ Workshop, of itsrole. the expectationofgeneralpublicinterms mandate ofMPBI,especiallywhenrelatedto international communityinsuchashorttime from andpartnershipwithlocal,national 2 2 th

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1 2 3 Mr David Mueller Mr LWF Cambodia LWF the LutheranWorld Foundation sustainable development. necessary concomitants totheircommitment preparedness andrisk managementas and rehabilitationincreasinglytodisaster to devotecontinuingprioritydisasterrelief harsh realitiescompelthefourprogrammes disasters andpoorareconcentrated. These risk inaregionwheremorethanhalftheworld’s region. Poorruralpopulationsfaceexcessive disadvantaged exceedsthatofanyothermajor marginal areasensurethatvulnerabilityofthe population densityspreadingtoincreasingly environmental exploitation,togetherwithhigh Widespread poverty, underdevelopmentand of susceptibilitytonaturalandcivildisasters. the mosthazardousregionsonearthinterms work. These programme operateinoneof have subsequentlyevolvedintodevelopment or civilcatastrophesandtheirprogrammes the 1970’s or1980’s inresponsetomajornatural All fourLWF/WS programmeswereestablishedin Members of AZEECON. organisations maybeincludedas Associate Nepal, BangladeshandCambodia.Other localised RDRSBangladesh)workinginIndia, World Federation/World Service(includingthe the four Asian Emergency Co-operationNetwork)comprises AZEECON (AsianZoneEnvironmentand Introduction AZEECON Networkof ﬁ eld programmesoftheLutheran papers: theme 3 papers: 77/6/06 2:32:07 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 124 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 124 2 7 _ M a co-ordinationnetworkassuch. networks, programmeandprojects)ratherthan organisations andstaff, localpartnersand quality-improvement circle(fortheparticipating AZEECON isprimarilyacapacity-buildingand like-minded partners. the initiative andcommitmentofitsmembers, AZEECON reliesprimarilyuponthecontinuing the agreedFocalPoint. As avoluntarygrouping, though some`central’ functionsareperformed by usefulness. AZEECON hasnosecretariatassuch need notcontinueiftheyhaveoutlivedtheir Such networks,unlikeunitaryorganisations, the AZEECON foundingand coremembers • Membership: de rather thanhighlystructured(butpursuinga hierarchic (withequaldecision-making),informal is intendedtobedeliberatelyegalitariannot `organisations’, a`network’ suchas AZEECON individual memberprogrammesorotherunitary their speci of itsmemberprogrammes,intendedtoserve in commonwithothernetworks,isaninstrument the individualmemberprogrammes AZEECON, agreed operatingproceduresarefollowed.Unlike registered andwithnoformal`structure’ although AZEECON isaninformalnetwork,notlegally De Governance and Membership serving asapilotofregionalco-operation. resources forgrassrootswork(DIPECHO)and information exchange,mobilisingadditional least 250staff, helpingdevelopmaterialsand enabling thetraining/capacitybuildingofat AZEECON hasbecomeanestablishedentity, of theindividualmembers.Sinceinception, instrument forful and utilisingregionalco-operationasonehelpful of equalpartners,engagedinacommonmission AZEECON isaninformalbutestablishednetwork Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 fi program, RDRS,inBangladesh. and Cambodiathe LWF-WS associate are theLWF-WS programsinIndia,Nepal nite programme),and 2 fi 4 fi nition nancial andotherresourcescontributedby fi c needsandobjectives.Unlikethe fi lling thevisionandmission fl exible-responsive. Individual AZEECON founder/coremembers • Governance/management: Governance/management: • Associate membersmaybeinvitedto Otherlike-mindedorganizationsfromwithin • Associate Membership: All AZEECON membersagreetocontinue • IntheeventofFocalPointnotcontinuing • TheFocalPointroleisassignedtoanindividual • TheFocalPoint’s roleisto take theleadin • The AZEECON FocalPointisagreedatthe • participation intraining) may bene & ReviewMeeting. endorsed byadecisioninthe Annual Planning noticeinwritingtoallmembers, one-year’s may withdrawfrom AZEECON afterproviding speci making andnodirectentitlementtoresources will havenovotingin AZEECON decision- participate in AZEECON events,howeverthey membership ofassociatemembers members mayalsoagreetodiscontinue founder members.Similarly, core/founder after agreementbyamajorityofthecore/ AZEECON networkasassociatemembers the ACT networkmaybelinkedwiththe be activeandco-operative inful APRM. regular FocalPointcanbeagreedatthenext appropriate interimFocalPointuntilanew communication theappointmentofan core/founder memberswillagreebyemail (for reasonsoftransfer, illness,others), Programme willsupportthisfunction. on theunderstandingthatFP’s Field rather thantheorganisation/ effectiveness andfurther development ensuring itscontinuedef all membersshareequalresponsibilityfor the agreedbudgets. As anetwork,however, book ofaccountsandreportingfollowing members informed,maintaining AZEECON initiatives/links withexternalactors,keeping co-ordinating AZEECON actions,including extension). additional year’s for aperiodof2years(withprovisionone Annual Planning&ReviewMeeting(APRM) fi callyearmarkedfor AZEECON (though fi t indirectly, forexample,staff fi cet operation, cient fi eld programme, eld fi lling agreed lling 77/6/06 2:32:07 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 125 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 2 7 _ M The speci To improvethesustainabilityofrurallivelihoods 2. To reducevulnerabilitiesintheworkingareas 1. The overallgoalsof AZEECON are Objectives AZEECONmaybeformallydissolvedbya • Exceptunderexceptionalcircumstances,the • Planning annual AZEECONAnnual The • 2

1 environmental activities. of thelocalcommunitytoadoptappropriate strengthening theawarenessandcapacity and conservethenaturalresourcebaseby management programmes. disaster throughpreparednessand for, copewith,respondto,andrecoverfrom especially theorganisedpoor)toprepare the capacitiesoflocalcommunities(and of thememberprogrammesbystrengthening members agreetocontinue. deemed tobedissolved,unlessamajoritythe for twoconsecutiveyears, AZEECON willbe event ofthe APRM notconveningsuccessfully majority ofthecore/foundermembers.In Meeting orbywrittencommunication,ofa decision, atthe Annual PlanningandReview only byamajorityoffounder/coremembers. AZEECON Byelawsmayordinarilyamended status. members mustattendtoqualifyforthis at whichrepresentativesfromleasttwo and decision-makingforumfor AZEECON, & ReviewMeetingsisthemaingoverning network. operation andcontinueddevelopmentofthe commitments, andpromotingtheef . To promote co-operationandco-ordination c. b. To promotecreativeintegrationof Toa. strengthencapacity, relevance,quality 2 5 instrument ofregionalco-operation. serve asapractical andinnovative amongst regionalpartners,andthereby of programmes development andemergencycomponents emergency andenvironmental and effectiveness of AZEECON partners in fi c objectivesof AZEECON are: fi elds fi cient . RolesandResponsibilitiesofKeyStakeholders 3. The objectivesincludethefollowing I. Annual PlanningandReviewMeeting Project Proposal) areas (asidenti based uponthecoreprogramme/mainactivity • Offers possibilitiesforresources Offers aplatformforexchangeofideas • Establishesapilotforregionalco-operation • • Provides anappropriate,low-cost Offers amechanismtobuildunderstanding, • operation: achieved overthe considerations, whichhaveallalreadybeen attendance, arranging external invitees role in convening). The FocalPointplaysthelead (subject tofurtheramendmentupon and addressesapre-arrangedagenda of atleastoneday’s duration,usuallytwo and otherinvitees. The meetingisnormally may attendplusagreedresourcepersons Additional staff fromtheHostprogramme responsibilities fordisastermanagement. two additionalstaff, atleastonewithkey (and/or Deputies)fromeachMemberplus Participants shouldbeFieldDirectors core membersareexpectedtoattend. senior representativesofallitsfounding/ making forumfor AZEECON towhich as themaingoverninganddecision- one memberprogramme,whichserves Speci Summit’) (APRM=`The Azeecon national instrumentisappropriate. mobilisation wherearegionalratherthan localisation) advocacy andorganisation–forexample focus inotherspheresofdevelopment, and experience(beyonditsthematic arrangements. responsive andrelevantnetwork/regional for LWF/World Service,asaprototypeof in thememberprogrammes. instrument forcontinuingstaff development of asharedmission. common identityamongprogrammestaff neighbouring countriesandevena and knowledgeofsimilarissuesin fi fi nalizing dates,venues,encouraging cation: fi ed in AZEECON Support anannualmeetingheldin fi rst 5yearsof AZEECON papers: theme 3 papers: 77/6/06 2:32:07 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_113-127_M2 126 0 6 9 9 _ 1 1 3 - 1 126 2 7 _ M Expected Outcomes PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 Speci II. Exchange, Exposureand Training Visits Practical suggestionsforproblemsolving, g. f. Financial Reportpresented,and e. Annual PlanandBudgetagreedforthe d. Existing ornewProjectproposalfor c. Impact, qualityof AZEECON activities b. Policies, Practices, Governanceand a. Meeting Minutes,with Action Points 2 6 turn andtakingresponsibility forplanning year, witheachmemberhostingavisit in of fourEETVsisplannedeverycalendar AZEECON members. An annualcycle dissemination ofgoodpracticeamong to encouragecriticallearningandthe short training/seminars;thisisintended development, relatedactivities)linkedwith of practicalexposure( (EETVs) pursued new initiativesandothersdeveloped appropriate actionstaken etc) subject/location ofcustomisedtraining, following year(includingexchangevisits, elaborated AZEECON SupportProjectreviewedor incorporated inplanning reviewed andsuggestionsforimprovement (especially EETV, CT, information) Byelaws reviewed,amendmentsmade highlighted opportunities fornewinitiativesandideas. reviewing scopeforimprovingpractices, and riskmanagementareas), WS developments(especiallydisaster, DP discussing relatedissuessuchas Act, LWF- activities (includingschedule,subjects) planning the AZECON SupportProject management issues,reviewingprogress, presentations, AZEECON governanceand normally include,briefanalyticalcountry the startofmeeting. The agendawill Chairing, usuallybysession,isagreedat other logisticsor and (alongwiththehost)minuting (eg resourcepersons,donorpartners) fi cation: An annual programme fi eld visitarrangements. fi eld visitsto fi nally . Brief,descriptive andanalytical c. b. Application ofthislearning,where Effective learning,HRD throughmeaningful a. Expected Output Smallgroupsofcarefullyselectedstaff d. Where appropriate,usingtheopportunity d. programme/projects ontheirreturn appropriate, byparticipantsintheirown ideas exchange ofexperience,knowledgeand email Update. extended toothers-ifrelevantviathe AZEECON members,withinvitations EETVs maybearrangedbilaterallyamong programme, specialorsupplementary their return.OutsidetheregularEETV discussed atregularstaff meetingupon and theirplannedapplicationshouldbe lessons learnedbyEETVparticipants compiled andcirculatedbythehost; will becompletedbyeachparticipant, AZEECON ExchangeVisit Appraisal Form on theirreturn.Inaddition,astandardised orientation beforetravelanddebrie the themeandwillreceiveshortbrie carefully selectedintermsofrelevanceto members, others. The participantswillbe Resource Persons,localpartners,associate country staff, invitedoutsidersincluding programme) willparticipatealongwithhost other AZEECON Members(ideally3per (or incertaincases,localpartners)from travel. programme willbeover5-6days,excluding with day, preferablyonissuescloselylinked attached workshop/seminarofatleast1 normally followingthe of interest(runbyhostorothers)and, at least3days’ ofFieldVisits toactivities of theevent.EachEETVnormallyinvolves interest to AZEECON andmembers to developthemesofwider, continuing and otherrelevantstakeholders and circulatedtoallparticipants/members of theExchangeVisit/Training iscompleted, fi eld visitsInmostcasestheentire fi eld visits, an fi nal report nal fi ng/ fi ng 77/6/06 2:32:08 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 regular Speci Brief,descriptiveandanalytical b. a. Practical learning,andapplication of c. Where appropriate,usetheopportunity Speci (CT) Training III. Customised 2 7 programme/projects learning, byparticipantsintheirown interest to developthemesofwider, continuing and otherrelevantstakeholders and circulatedtoallparticipants/members of theCustomised Training iscompleted, logistics andrelatedarrangements. programme isresponsibleforallincountry country theRP maybedrawn); theHost the Host(orothermembersfromwhose Point, thismaybeinconjunctionwith Persons istheresponsibilityofFocal the ToR and Training Providers/Resource become thenormalvenueforCT. Arranging North BengalInstituteinRangpurhas relevance shouldbeexploited. The RDRS elaborate ideasandthemesofwider opportunity CT offers todevelopand and design, materialsactualtraining,evaluation providers responsibleforthecurriculum professional resourcepersons/training will beextended(orledby)byappropriate programme work.Customised Training identify andapplylessonslearnedintheir return. Trainees shouldbeencouragedto participants beforeandadebrie arrange ashortbrie own programmework;membersshould to thethemeandabilityapplyitintheir carefully selectedintermsofrelevance training subjectmatter. Participantswillbe practical exposureandexempli at leastoneday’s is likelytobenotlessthan5days,with agreed inadvance. Training duration relevance to AZEECON membersand on selectedrelevanttheme(s)ofstrategic fi cation: fi nal reporting. Incertaincases,the fl fi ow ofinformation on AZEECON cation: Ensuringacontinuing and Intensivetrainingworkshop fi eld visittoprovide fi n/retto to ng/orientation fi ng ontheir fi nal report nal fi cto of cation Expected Output d. High recognition,andappreciation of AZEECON/member to c. Improvement b. In-depth andgraphicinformationon a. Full informationandknowledgeof practical co-operation. and organisations-insimilar seek tobuildlinkswithotheractors–networks example disasterpolicy). AZEECON willalso packages) andforitsindividualmembers(for (for example,selectivestandardtraining and materialsfor AEECON asawhole for developingharmoniseddocumentation LWF-WS. AZEECON willalsoreviewscope of developmentrelatingtoSPHERE, ACT and strengthen interpretationandunderstanding important. Inparticular, AZEECON willseekto produced by AZEECON membersisalso and topreserveand/orreplicatematerial manuals, analysesfromexternalsources, important concept/strategypapers,articles, updated bimonthly. Otherinitiativestoshare AZEECON Website isalsointendedtobe and otheragenciesatleastbimonthly. The staff aspossible),associatemembers,donor is circulatedtoallmembers(andasmany The AZEECON EmailUpdate(newsletter) and directcommunicationamongmembers. of emailUpdates,aregularrefreshedWebsite, and otherrelatedpartiesthroughthemedium and relatedthemesofinteresttomembers, activities (pastandforthcomingevents,etc) for sustainabilityandactivism of sharedmissionandincreased prospects identify amongstaff andpartners,asense agencies, andotherspromotingcommon AZEECON byLWF/ACT, donors,related centers ineachmemberprogramme and maintaining AZEECON mini-resource identi programmes thoughsystematic technology’) material submittedbyallmembers(`pull Website regularlyreplenished bynew ensuring periodicupdatingof AZEECON AZEECON (andmembers)maintainby newsletter (`pushtechnology’) through regularBimonthlyupdate/ among members,associatesandothers AZEECON activitiesandissuesmaintained fi cationofrelevantconcepts,materials papers: theme 3 papers: fi elds including elds 77/6/06 2:32:08 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 Speci .Tml, accurate a. Timely, Network. the AZEECON and administration,includingaccounting,of c. Strategic development and continued b. Ef 2 8 funding of AZEECON activities planned activities prompt submissionofdocumentation understanding ofbudgets,chargingand and auditstatementbaseduponclear fi cient co-ordinationandexecutionof fi cation: Ensureef fi nnil accounting nancial fi cient co-ordination cient 77/6/06 2:32:09 PM / 6 / 0 6

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1 2 9 Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network Response Vice Chairperson Mr Manu Gupta India The AsianDisasterReduction take charge! Its formationre ADDRN wasbornasaresultofthesefeltneeds. grown. lead innationallevel/policyandadvocacyhas opportunities forsuchorganizationstotake need forbuildingtheircapacityandproviding democracies. Intheprocessofgrowth; Asia, asignofthegrowingvibrancyin Asian Civil SocietyOrganizationshaveemergedin Over thepastfewdecades,thousandsofNGOs/ principles andconventions. yet adheringtoacommonsetofagreedupon actions arelocalizedandculturallyappropriate in Asia, makesitimperativethathumanitarian Besides, thediversityofcommunitiesthatexist and localcapacitiesforconfrontingthischallenge. and anurgentneedwasfeltforbuildingregional of naturaldisastersin Asia hasbeenincreasing developing suchanetworkwasfeltastheimpact the humanitariansectoracross Asia. The needfor Japan. ItisauniquenetworkofNGOsworkingin Network wasborninFebruary2002Kobe The Asian DisasterReduction&Response Background and ResponseNetwork ﬂ ects thedesireof Asians tonow papers: theme 3 papers: 77/6/06 3:13:32 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M 550699_029-130_M2 130 0 6 9 9 _ 0 2 9 - 1 130 3 0 _ M recovery andreconstruction withdevelopmental larger goal,theworkincludes integrationdisaster Promoting sustainabledevelopmentbeingthe training throughparticipatoryprocesses. disasters, byprovidingknowledge,skillsand respective communitiesthatfacethethreatof The networkmembersseektoempowertheir towards betterdelivery. strengthsandcomplement efforts each other’s reduction andresponse.Itseekstoutilize NGOs towardsimprovingcapacityindisaster coordination andcollaborationamong Asian The corestrengthofthenetworkliesinpromoting in oneofthemembercountries. a webbasedplatformandannualmeetingsheld their views,eventupdatesandactivitiesthrough On anongoingbasis, ADRRN membersshare similar disasterrecoverysituationsinfuture. disseminate thesameaslessonslearntfor recovery initiativesbythememberNGOs,and from the Tsunami”. Itisanattempttodocument involved increatingaframeworkfor“learning members ofthenetworkhavebeenactively success/failure. Followingthe2004 Tsunami, adopted inrecoveryandthedegreeoftheir was theneedtodocumentvariousprocesses An importantlessonlearntinpastdisasters through shortpuppetshows,dramasand no-hi” iscurrentlybeingreachedouttoschools Indonesia andMalaysia. The story, “Ina-mura- school childreninIndia,Bangladesh,SriLanka, languages anddistributedamongthousandsof Tsunami awarenesswastranslatedinto8 Asian in Aceh. Subsequently, aJapanesefolkloreon titled “RebuildingaSafer Aceh” wasorganized simultaneously. In April 05,apublicworkshop awareness andtraininginrecoveryefforts in Tsunami reconstructionwhilepromoting In 2005,theNetworkmembersactivelyworked Asia. multi-laterally duringrecentdisastersituationsin the spiritofcooperationbothbilaterallyaswell The ADRRN membershavebeenworkingunder Activities Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 2

1 3 0 fi lms. the decade2005-2015. the frameworkofHyogoFramework Action for realize theMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsunder programmes. Ineffect, thenetworkseeksto being ofthepeoples’ of Asia. committed tothecauseofsafetyandwell all membersareonecommon ADRRN family Each oneisuniqueandhasitsownmission,but Each memberofthe ADRRN isapreciousentity. to. benchmarks thattheyhavecommonlyagreed have tocommitthemselvesstandardsand doing so,the ADDRN asawholeanditsmembers international communityandgovernments.For recognition bothfromthecommunityaswell to bedeveloped. ADRRN alsoneedstogain mission, internalcheckmechanismswouldneed however consideringtheimportanceofits is athreatthat ADRRN mayfacetooinfuture, members, clashes,internalpoliticsetc. This reasons areobvious–lossofinterestamong in thepast,veryfewhaveactuallysurvived. The of suchanetwork.Networkshavebeenformed members andfriendshasbeenthesustainability challenges areexpected. A commonfearamong as itstrengthensandconsolidatesitself,many The networkisstillinitsformativestages,and • To provideamechanismforsharing To promotebestpracticesandstandardsin • To raisetherelevantconcernsofNGOsin the • To developaninteractivenetworkofNGOs • same throughthefollowingobjectives: Asia- Paci ef and collaborationamongNGOsforeffective and ADRRN’s missionistopromotecoordination Future fi cient disasterreductionandresponseinthe stakeholders. building amongnetworkmembersandother reliable informationandfacilitatingcapacity disaster reductionandresponse. forums andplatforms. NGOs globally, throughvariousinternational Asia-Paci of disasterreductionandresponse. committed toachievingexcellenceinthe fi c Region.Itstrivestoachievethe fi cregiontothelargercommunityof fi eld 77/6/06 3:13:32 PM / 6 / 0 6

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P M annex

annex 131 132 PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from Learning PROCEEDINGS: annex 133 134 SEAsian NGOandDevelopmentOrganizations List of Participants PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from Learning PROCEEDINGS: 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cambodia Federation, World Lutheran Cambodia Church, Dan Cambodia Faim, la Contre Action organization/country IDEP Foundation, Indonesia Foundation, IDEP Indonesia Cross, Red Danish Indonesia Services, Relief Catholic Indonesia Services, Relief Catholic Indonesia International, Care Indonesia Faim, la Contre Action Cambodia Zoa, Center Mitigation and Management Flood Regional - Commission River Mekong Disaster Management Department Management Disaster Coordinator Ricos Michael Dr Manager Programme Moller Lars Mr Officer Emergency Wirjawan Judi A. Mr Manager Program Pilot Zakki Gunawan Mr Reduction Risk Disaster Leader Technical Vidiarina Dwi Henny Ms Manager Programme Preparedness Disaster Turvill Edward Mr Coordinator Project O‘Neill Bernie Ms Office Warning Flood Dzung Huy Nguyen Mr Point Focal AZEECON and Representative Cambodia Mueller David Mr Coordinator Response Emergency Paulerk Sar Mr Manager Project Roussy Sandrine Ms designation and name a: +855-23213460 23362134 840771, +855-12 Fax: Tel: Cambodia Penh, Phnom #41 476 559, Street Box: PO [email protected] 633 726 23 +855 Email: 622 726 23 +855 Fax: Tel: CAMBODIA Penh, Phnom Chamkarmon Blvd, Monivong # 364, [email protected] 12 791191 +855 Email: Tel: 12152, Penh Phnom CAMBODIA P.O. 37 Box [email protected] +855-23-217-786 E-mail: +855-23-217-786 Fax: Tel: CAMBODIA Penh, Phnom Mon, Chamcar Kang Keng Boeung Sangkat 51 Street #229, Cambodia Service World Church 121 618 090 +855 [email protected] E-mail: Tel: CAMBODIA Cham, Kampong details contact R: www.idepfoundation.org URL: [email protected] Email: 33662 81 5580 +62 Mobile: 981504 361 Tel/fax: +62 INDONESIA Bali, 80571 Ubud, No42, Hanoman Jl [email protected] +62-21-79193270 E-mail: +62-821-1133311 Fax: Tel: INDONESIA 12790, Selatan Jakarta Kav. 96 Subroto Gatot Jalan Indonesia Merah Palang Gedung [email protected] 21 1566 725 +62 Email: 128 Extn 21 3339 725 +62 Fax: Tel: 12170, Selatan INDONESIA Jakarat Baru Kebayoran 1, #35 Wijaya Jalan [email protected] 21 1566 725 +62 Email: 21 3339 725 +62 Fax Tel: 12170, Selatan INDONESIA Jakarat Baru Kebayoran 1, #35 Wijaya Jalan [email protected] 21 7203171, +62 21 7222552 Email: 812 1272, 21 105 72796661 +62 Fax: Tel: 12110, Jakarta INDONESIA Selatan, Jakarta Baru Kebayoran 33 Patimura Jalan www.actioncontrelafaim.org URL: 768 21 48 72 21 21 72 173/+62 +62 [email protected] E-mail: Tel: 12180, Indonesia Jakarta [email protected] Baru Kabayoran III/15 Ciniru Jalan [email protected] Email: annex

organization/country name and designation contact details

12 Indonesian Institute for Ms Chandra Lukitasari Jalan Tebet Barat Disaster Preparedness Executive Director VC/18 Tebet Jakarta Selatan - Indonesia Jakarta 12810, INDONESIA Tel: +62 21 7066 0592 Fax: +66 21 831 4691 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 13 Indonesian Institute for Mr Winarno Yusdi Ardiyanto Jalan Tebet Barat Disaster Preparedness Unit Program Manager VC/18 Tebet Jakarta Selatan - Indonesia Jakarta 12810, INDONESIA Tel: +62 21 7066 0592 Fax: +66 21 831 4691 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 14 Indonesian Institute for Mr Agustinus Budi Santos Jalan Tebet Barat Disaster Preparedness Manager VC/18 Tebet Jakarta Selatan - Indonesia Publication and Knowledge Jakarta 12810, INDONESIA Management Tel: +62 21 7066 0592 Fax: +66 21 831 4691 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 15 Mercy Corp, Indonesia Mr Helmi Hamid Jalan Kemang Selatan I/3 Logistic Coordinator Bangka, Jakarta Selatan 12730, INDONESIA Tel: +62 21 719 4948 Fax: +62 21 717 90907 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 16 Meterological and Mr Jhon Piter Manalu Jalan Adonis A5 Panarling Geophysical Agency (BMG) Field Technician Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan 73111 Kalimantan, Indonesia INDONESIA Tel: +62 536 32 22 871, +536 32 23 588 Fax: +62 536 322 3588 Email: [email protected] 17 MPBI, Indonesian Society for Ms Theresia Wuryantari King Plaza Building Disaster Management Pasar Baru Jalan Pintu Air V. No 53 Jakarta 10710, INDONESIA Tel: +62 21 385 4943 Cell: +62 813 287 33 973 Fax: +62 21 385 4941 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 18 Oxfam Great Britain - Mr Banu Subagyo Jl.Sulawesi 28 Sono Sinduadi, Sleman Indonesia PRIME- Disaster Management Yogyakarta 55284, INDONESIA Adviser Tel: +62 274 881181 Cell: +62 0811256254 Fax: +62 274 882730 Email: [email protected] 19 Save the Children, Indonesia Mr Nasution Darlis Jalan Yos Sudarso Program Officer No. 22A Moawo Gunung Sitoli Nias Sub-Office Nias, Sumatra Utara 22815, INDONESIA Tel: +62 639 21859 Fax: +62 639 21859 Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 20 UNDP/Indonesia Mr Kusuma Adinugroho Menara Thamrin Building Senior Programme Officer 8-9th Floor Kav. 3 Jl. M.H. Thamrin Crisis Prevention and Recovery P.O. Box 2338, Jakarta 10250 Unit INDONESIA Tel: +62213141308 ext. 507 Fax: +622139838941 Email: [email protected] 21 Wahana Lingkungan Mr Sofyan Jalan. Tegal Parangutara No 14 Hidup Indonesia (WALHI National Executive Jakarta 12790, INDONESIA or Indonesia Forum for Tel: +62 21 794 1672 Environment) Fax: +62 21 794 1673 Email: [email protected] 135

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1 PROCEEDINGS: Learning from Community-based Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 3 33 Care International, Vietnam Ms Tran Ms Tuyet Phuong Vietnam International, Care 33 Worldwide Concern 32 Care International, Timor 31 Development Nations United 30 Pichit Siriwan Dr Thailand Cross, Red Thai 29 Regional Asia CARE, 28 Red National Philippine 27 Center for Disaster 26 Australia, Children the Save 25 Australia, Children the Save 24 Australia, Children the Save 23 International, Vision World 22 6 organization/country name and designation contact details contact name and designation organization/country International, Timor Léste Timor International, Léste Programme Bangkok Unit, Management Cross Preparedness, Philippines PDR Lao PDR Lao PDR Lao Indonesia CBDM Coordinator Manager Program Deputy Jesus De Delfina Ms Manager Project Deputy Pereira Rosario do Joao Mr Bangkok Cooperation, Regional Center Advisor, South-South Delica-Willison Zenaida Ms Division ofRelief Head Response Emergency and Management Risk Disaster Coordinator Regional Ulrich Wayne Mr BonifacioDrive, Post Area Ms Emmeline Managbanag Director Victoria Lorna Ms Manager Project Development Community Soysithattha Khamsene Mr Director Development Program Ms Keri Hallam Director Program Country Vickery Leigh Mr Officer Relief and Commodity YacobusMr Runtuwene [email protected] 483 76 956 +84 [email protected] E-mail: 486 76 956 +84 Fax: Tel: VIETNAM Province, Giang An Long Xuyen City 08 Le Hong Phong Street 331 2035 390 +670 Email: [email protected] 7246076 +670 Fax: Tel: LÉSTE TIMOR District, Lautem Palos Los Bemor, 2651 332 +670 [email protected] Email: 2608 726 +670 Fax: Tel: P.O. LÉSTE TIMOR 265, Box Dili Pite, Bairo 1059 288 +662 [email protected] Email: 2709 288 +662 Fax: Tel: THAILAND 10200, Bangkok Avenue Nok Rajdamnern Building Nations United 7976 252 02 +66 [email protected] Email: 251 02 7853-6 +66 Fax: Tel: THAILAND 10330, Bangkok Patumwan, Dunant Road 1873 Henry Bureau, Health Community and Relief wayne.ulrichSkype: 1556 576 02 +66 [email protected] Email: 1552-4 576 02 +66 Fax: Tel: 10210, THAILAND Bangkok Laksi Road, Chaengwattana 99/349 Building Flr,8th Na-Nakorn 0864 2527 +63 Email: [email protected] +63 2 527 0000 Fax: Tel: PHILIPPINES Manila, [email protected] 6996 926 +632 [email protected] Email: Tel: PHILIPPINES City, Quezon Diliman, UP Development Community and Work ofSocial College UP [email protected] 21 314 471 +856 [email protected] Email: 21 415 416 +856 432, 937 Fax: Tel: P.O. PDR Lao 2783,Vientiane, Box 21 314 471 +856 [email protected] Email: 21 415 416 +856 432, 937 Fax: Tel: P.O. PDR LAO 2783,Vientiane, Box 21 314 471 +856 [email protected] Email: 744 21 263 +856 Fax: Tel: P.O. PDR LAO 2783,Vientiane, Box 5708 21 230 +62 [email protected] Email: 312 21 319 27467 +62 Extn: Fax: Tel: INDONESIA 10340, Jakarta 33 No Hasyim Wahid Jalan 77/6/06 3:20:32 PM / 6 / 0 6

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organization/country name and designation contact details

34 Care International, Vietnam Ms Marieta Alcid 08 Le Hong Phong Street CBDM Consultant Long Xuyen City An Giang Province, VIETNAM Tel: +84 76 956 486 Fax: +84 76 956 483 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] 35 Centre for International Ms Kathleen McLaughlin 3000 rue Omer Lavallee Studies and Co-operation Coordinator-Asia Montreal, QC H1Y 3R8, CANADA (CECI) Vietnam Tel: +1 514 875 911 Extn 268 Fax: +1 514 875 6469 Email: [email protected] 36 Centre for International Ms Thi Hoai Trang Doung 44 Bui Xuan Phai Street Studies and Co-operation Project Assistant Danang City, VIETNAM (CECI) Vietnam Tel: +84 511 540 107 Fax: +84 511 540 107 E-mail: [email protected] 37 Development Workshop Mr Guillaume Chantry 91/44 A, Phan Dinh Phung France, Vietnam Project Coordinator Thua Thien Hue, Hue, VIETNAM Tel: +84-54-848-231 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] 38 Save the Children, Vietnam Mr Do Hai Dang 26 Dang Tat, D1 HCMC Program Coordinator Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM Tel: +84 8 8480405 Fax: +84 8 8480406 Email: [email protected] [email protected] 39 UNDP/Vietnam Ms Pham Thanh Hang 25-29 Phan Boi Chau Crisis and Recovery Focal Person Ha Noi, VIETNAM Tel: +84 4 942 1495 Fax: +84 4 942 2267 Email: [email protected] 40 Vietnamese Chamber of Mr Nguyen Ngoc Thang 9 Dao Duy Anh Street Commerce Deputy Director General Hanoi, VIETNAM Tel: +84 4 574 2161, 574 2022, Extn. 204 Fax: +84 4 574 2020, 574 2030 E-mail: [email protected] 41 Mr Ian Wilderspin 140 Tran Vu Street Consultant Tran Bach Lake Hanoi, VIETNAM Tel: +84 4 91 538 4896 Email: [email protected]

Other NGO and Development Organizations

organization/country name and designation contact details

42 Emergency Management Mr David Imhoff P.O. Box 1020, Dickson Australia Manager Canberra 2617, AUSTRALIA Emergency Management Policy Tel: +61 2 6256 4675 Fax: +61 2 625 64653 Email: [email protected] 43 Directorate of Relief and Mr Mohd. Shahadt Hossain Disaster Management and Relief Bhaban Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Mahmud 92-93 Mohakhali C/A Deputy Director Dhaka 1212, BANGLADESH Tel: +88 02 882 5167 Fax: +88 02 9860130 Email: [email protected] 44 Directorate of Relief and Mr Haque Md. Mansorul Disaster Management and Relief Bhaban Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Project Implementation Officer 92-93 Mohakhali C/A (PIO) Dhaka 1212, BANGLADESH Tel: +88 02 881 3639, +88 0175 103 445, +88 02 836 1770 Fax: +88 02 9860130 Email: [email protected] 137

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1 National DisasterManagementRepresentatives Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning 3 5National Disaster 55 / Linmas Kespang Badan 54 for Committee Provincial 53 for Committee National 52 Trust Fund, Sri Community 51 Humanitarian Focus 50 Butt Haider Iqbal Mr Pakistan Bargad, 49 Shaw Rajib Dr Japan Kyoto University, 48 Gupta Manu Mr National for Society 47 India SEEDS, 46 Sangstha, Mukthi Manab 45 8 organization/country name and designation contact details contact name and designation organization/country details contact name and designation organization/country PDR Lao Office, Management Indonesia Satlak, Sekr Cambodia Management, Disaster Cambodia Management, Disaster Lanka Pakistan Assistance, Development, India Rural Through Integration Bangladesh Board ofDirectors Board Member Professor Associate Director Technical Staff Technical Mr Sengkham Komphakdy P.O. CAMBODIA Penh, Phnom 559, Box Pariaman Padang Kab Linmas Kesbang Badan Kepala Kali Zulwadi BGD. Dr Road No.274, Monivong Sivuth Chim Mr Sokha Khun Mr Officer Documentation and Research Ashutosh Mohanty Mr Officer Executive Nayani Karim A. Mr Secretary Executive Jawahar Godfrey Mr Director Bahar Habibulla Mr Fax: +856 21 219 525 +856 [email protected] E-mail: 21 219 450 +856 Fax: Tel: PDR 021, LAO Vientiane P.O. 347 Box 4188 13 6349 +08 Road Pangkham Welfare Social and ofLabour Ministry +8751 Tel: 91115 INDONESIA Pariaman, Indonesia Sumbar 1.Pariaman No Syafei M. Jalan 771 12 840 +855 Email: [email protected] 771 12 840 +855 Fax: Tel: 719 987 23 +855 211 23 171 +855 Fax: Tel: CAMBODIA Penh, Phnom Fax: +92-55 386 8052 386 +92-55 Email: [email protected], [email protected] 4919 944 +92-0300 Fax: 4920 386 55 +92 1944/ 42 530 +92 Cell: Tel: PAKISTAN 54781 Town, Lahore Johar H-1 Block #482, H. 9187 75 753 +81 Email: [email protected] Fax: 5708 75Tel/fax: 753 +81 JAPAN Kyoto 606-8501, University Kyoto Studies, Environmental ofGlobal School Graduate 11 98372 +91 264 [email protected] Email: 11 98371/417 +91 264 48008 Fax: Tel: 110017, Delhi New INDIA D-11, Enclave Panchshul [email protected] 67046 22 [email protected] 32 +94 Email: 67390 22 32 +94 Fax: Tel: LANKA SRI -61300, Puttalam P.O. Road, 05 Box Service 30 51-220 1134 +92 51 1976 220 +92 Email: [email protected] Fax: 111 51 1018 220 +92 Ext. Tel: PAKISTAN Islamabad, Markaz, G-6 Sector Centre 14, Civic Block 232401 08592 +91 [email protected] Email: 232008 08592 +91 Fax: Tel: 001, INDIA 523 Ongole Railpet, P.O.SNIRD, 24 No. Box 0211 881 02 +88 [email protected] Email: 0173 002850 +88 Fax: Tel: BANGLADESH 6703, District Sirajgong Sub West Bridge Bangabondhu Shimul Bara Khash 77/6/06 3:20:33 PM / 6 / 0 6

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organization/country name and designation contact details

56 National Disaster Director Nelia Tabliago Office of Civil Defense Coordination Council, Civil Defense Officer IV Department of National Defense Philippines Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City PHILIPPINES Tel: +63 2 912 5296 Email: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 57 Department of Disaster Mr Somphob Samitasiri Ministry of Interior Prevention and Mitigation, Plan and Policy Analyst Level 8 3/12 U-thong Nok Road, Dusit District Thailand Bangkok, 10300, THAILAND Tel: +66 02 243 0020-6, Extn. 3453 Fax: +66 02 243 6622 58 National Disaster Mr Lino de Arajuo GPA Kobe House 4 Management Office, Timor Deputy Head Department of Finance, Léste Ministry of Interior Dili 670, EAST TIMOR Tel: +670 332 2597 / 724 9205 Fax: +670 332 2535 59 National Disaster Dr Aurelio Guterres Government Building Management Office, Timor Advisor Department of Finance Léste Ministry of Interior Dili 670, EAST TIMOR Tel: +670 723 1552 Fax: +670 332 2535 Email: [email protected] 60 Ministry of State Olavio da Costa M. Almeida Central Lospalos, Lautem District Organization District Administrator TIMOR Léste Timor Léste Tel: +670 724 6149 61 Department of Dike Dr Dang Quang Tinh Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Management, Flood and Director A4 Building, No.2 Ngoc Ha Street, Ba Dinh Storm Control (DDMFSC), Hanoi, VIETNAM Central Committee for Flood Tel: +844 733 5686 and Storm Control, Vietnam Fax: +844 733 6647 E-mail: [email protected]

Opening Ceremony Invitees

organization/country name and designation contact details

62 European Commission H.E. Dr Friedrich Hamburger Kian Gwan House 2, 19th Floor Head of the Delegation of the 140/1 Wireless Road European Union in Thailand, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND Myanmar, Cambodia and Lao Tel: +66 02 305 2600 PDR Fax: +66 02 305 2790 63 UNESCAP Mr Rae Kwon Chung The United Nations Building Environment and Director Rajadamnern Nok Avenue Sustainable Development Bangkok 10200, THAILAND Division Tel: +66 02 288 1946 Fax: +66 02 288 1059 64 UNISDR Mr Joseph Chung United Nations Building Regional Programme for Senior Regional Officer Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Asia and the Pacific Bangkok 10200, THAILAND Tel. +66 02 288 2750 Fax: +66 02 288 1050 Email: [email protected] Web: www.unisdr.org/asia 65 ADPC Dr Suvit Yodmani ASIAN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTER Executive Director PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, THAILAND Tel: +66 02 516 5900 Fax: +66 02 524 5350 or 60 URL: www.adpc.net 139

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N E W _ Organizing Team Donor Representatives Practices Community-based from PROCEEDINGS: Learning M sZeaaNjm okhpAssat Assistant Workshop Najam, Zeenara Ms Assistant Workshop Jacob, Susan Ms Team Assistance Workshop Vera, Training de Consultant (Nikki) Emily Ms Coordinator Information Danao, Philipp Mr Team Management Information Associate Administrative Dejdecha, Sichol Ms Coordinator Senior Chiang, Kim Kai Dr Manager Information Diopenes, Eleen Vicky Ms Training Manager Kafle, Kanta Shesh Mr Manager Project Murshed, Zubair Mr Systems Management Disaster Director, Rego, Aloysius Mr Team PDRSEA3 Systems Management Disaster Coordinator, Project Perwaiz, Aslam Mr Systems Management Disaster Manager, Project Win, Nwe Hnin Ms Management Risk Climate Manager, Project Bildan, Lolita Ms Presenters 60 or 5245350 02 +66 URL: www.adpc.net 516 02 5900 +66 Fax: Tel: Pathumthani 12120, THAILAND Luang, 4,Klong Box PO ASIAN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTER Division Development &Sustainable Environment Section, Resources Water Officer, Affairs Environment Associate Santucci Lorenzo Mr Division Development &Sustainable Environment Section, Resources Water Officer, Affairs Economic Ti Huu Le Dr 1059 288 02 +66 1450 288 02 +66 Fax: Tel: THAILAND 10200, Bangkok Ave Rajadamnern Bldg, Nations United (UNESCAP) PACIFIC THE AND ASIA FOR COMMISSION SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC NATIONS UNITED Barton Robert Mr Thailand USAID/OFDA, 69 fuer Gesellschaft Deutsche Sounisa Sundara Ms 68 PDR Lao AusAID, Hoye Warren Mr 67 PDR Lao AusAID, 66 2

1 4 0 organization/country name and designation contact details contact name and designation organization/country (GTZ) GmbH, Thailand GmbH, (GTZ) Technische Zusammenarbeit

Regional Advisor for Asia-Pacific for Advisor Regional Assistant Programme Manager Programme Disaster Risk Management Coordinator Project GTZ-DDMP Ubonrat Choonracha Ms [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Fax: +66 02 263 7497 263 02 +66 [email protected] Email: 7459 263 02 +66 Fax: Tel: Bangkok 10330, THAILAND Road Wireless 93/1 Towers A Floor, Diethelm 10th 413613 21 +856 Email: [email protected] 116 21 Extn: 413600 +856 Fax: Tel: PDR LAO Vientiane, P.O. 292 Box Embassy Australian 413613 21 +856 Email: [email protected] 227 21 Extn: 413600 +856 Fax: Tel: PDR LAO Vientiane, P.O. 292 Box Embassy Australian Fax: +66 02 241 02 7497 +66 [email protected] Email: 241 02 7497 +66 Fax: Tel: THAILAND 10300, Bangkok District Dusit Road, Nok U-Thong 3/12 77/13/06 4:22:12 PM / 1 3 / 0 6

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snapshots of the workshop

The 4th Disaster Management Practitioner’s Workshop for Southeast Asia 8-10 March 2006, Bangkok, Thailand 141

550699_131-144_M20699_131-144_M2 141141 77/6/06/6/06 12:58:1012:58:10 PMPM 550699_131-144_M20699_131-144_M2 142142 77/6/06/6/06 12:58:1612:58:16 PMPM The Partnerships for Disaster Reduction - South East Asia Phase 3 (PDRSEA3) program is jointly implemented by (ADPC) and the UNESCAP with funding support from the European Commission Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO) under its ‘Fourth DIPECHO Action Plan for Southeast Asia’. The one-year project, which commenced in February 2005, aims to establish an improved, enabling environment for CBDRM through promoting ownership in national programs and local entities, enhancing the capabilities of CBDRM practitioners and the expansion of new and strengthening of existing partnerships in Southeast Asia particularly in the target countries Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Timor Léste and Vietnam.

The Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC), established in 1986 is a regional, inter-governmental, non-proﬁ t organization and resource center based in Bangkok. ADPC is Thailand mandated to promote safer communities and sustainable development through the reduction of the impact of disasters in response to the needs of countries and communities in Asia and the Paciﬁ c by raising awareness, helping to establish and strengthen sustainable institutional mechanisms, enhancing knowledge and skills, and facilitating the exchange of information, experience and expertise.

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand Tel.: (66-2) 516-5900 to 5910 Fax: (66-2) 524-5360 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.adpc.net

For more information, please contact: UNESCAP United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel.: (66-2) 288-1450 Fax: (66-2) 288-1059 Website: http://www.unescap.org/

For more information, please contact: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Ofﬁ ce 200 rue de la loi B-1049 Brussels, Belgium Tel.: (32 2) 295 4400 Fax: (32 3) 295 4572 E-mail: [email protected]

550681_COVER_M20681_COVER_M2 2 77/19/06/19/06 110:27:190:27:19 AAMM PROCEEDINGS

THE FOURTH DISASTER MANAGEMENT PRACTITIONERS’ WORKSHOP FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA LEARNING FROM COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICES: STRENGTHENING POLICY AND PARTNERSHIPS

PDRSEA-3 CBDRM

ASIAN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTER PO Box 4, Klong Luang Pathumthani, Thailand 12120 Tel: (66 2) 516 5900-10 Fax: (66 2) 524 5360 URL: www.adpc.net

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center

550681_COVER_M20681_COVER_M2 1 77/19/06/19/06 110:27:150:27:15 AAMM