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Mineral Resources of the Pecos Wilderness and Adjacent Areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico

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Mineral Resources of the Pecos Wilderness and Adjacent Areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mineral Resources of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico by U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau of Mines, and New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Chapter A. Geology of the Pecos TJilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico By Robert H. Moench, U.S. Geological Survey, and James M. Robertson, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Chapter B. Geological, geochemical, and geophysical evaluation of the mineral resources of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico By Robert H. Moench, U.S. Geological Survey, James M. Robertson, New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, and Stephen J. Sutley, TT.S. Geological Survey, with a section "Interpretation of aeromagnetic data," by Lindreth Cordell, U.S. Geological Survey Chapter C. Mines, prospects, and mineralized areas in the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico By Michael E. Lane, U.S. Bureau of Mines Open-File Report 80-382 1980 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards. Contents Page Mineral resources of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico: Summary*•••...••••.••••••.•••*•••••.•..•.•••••••.••.•.•••• 1 Chapter A. Geology of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas........... 6 Introduction......................................................... 7 Previous and concurrent investigaions................................ 8 Present investigations and acknowledgments........................... 10 Geology ........................................................... 11 Geologic setting...•.•..•...••...•...••.•.•..••.••.•••••••••.••• 11 Precambrian rocks............................................... 15 Migmatitic gneisses of the western Precambrian terrane..... 15 Stratified rocks of the northern Precambrian terrane....... 16 Stratified rocks of the southern Precambrian terrane....... 20 Intrusive rocks............................................ 24 Subvolcanic complex........................................ 25 Batholithic complex........................................ 25 Syenite and melasyenite.................................... 28 Paleozoic rocks................................................. 30 Structure....................................................... 31 References........................................................... 37 Chapter B. Geological, geochemical, and geophysical evaluation of the mineral resources of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas....... 42 Types of mineral deposits............................................ 43 Pegmatites...................................................... 43 Volcanogenic raassive-sulfide deposits........................... 45 Page Geochemical investigations........................................... 47 Introduction.................................................... 47 Possible metalliferous concentrations in Pennsylvanian sedimentary rocks........................................ 50 Possible mineralization along the Jicarilla fault.......... 51 Favorable areas for the occurrence of massive-sulfide deposits................................................. 54 Other geochemical anomalies................................ 58 Interpretation of aeromagnetic data.................................. 60 Conclusions.......................................................... 63 Massive-sulfide deposits........................................ 63 Jicarilla fault................................................. 64 Pegmatites...................................................... 64 References........................................................... 66 Chapter C. Mines, prospects, and mineralized areas in the Pecos Wilderness and adj acent areas.......................................... 69 Introduction......................................................... 70 Previous studies..................................................... 70 Present investigation................................................ 71 Acknowledgments...................................................... 71 Sampling and analytical results...................................... 72 Mining history and production........................................ 78 Mines and prospects.................................................. 78 Pidlite pegmatite property...................................... 78 Elk Mountain mica mine.......................................... 80 Terrero......................................................... 82 ii Page Mines and prospects—Continued Macho Canyon.................................................... 84 Aspen Ranch pegmatite area...................................... 98 Cordova pegmatite area.......................................... 99 Conclusions.......................................................... 101 References........................................................... 102 iii Illustrations Plates Plate 1. Geologic map of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico 2. Geochemical maps showing copper, molybdenum, niobium, and beryllium in heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments 3. Geochemical maps showing tin, tungsten, bismuth, arsenic, and lead in heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments, and radon in springs and streams 4. Geochemical maps showing zinc and antimony, and summary geochemical map showing greatest abundances, of 13 elements in heavy-mineral concentrates from stream sediments and radon in springs 5. Aeromagnetic map and simplified geologic map of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, New Mexico 6. Map showing sample sites, mines, prospects, and mining claims in the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas Figures Page Figure 1. Map of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas showing areas of mineral potential, numbered in approximate order of decreasing improvement............................. 2A 2. Location map of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas....... 7A 3. Map showing sample localities 5-32 and 226 on Pidlite property.................................................... 78A 4. Map of adit on Pidlite Property............................... 79A iv STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS In accordance with the provisions of the Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and the Joint Conference Report on Senate Bill 4, 88th Congress, the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines have been conducting mineral surveys of wilderness and primitive areas. Studies and reports of all primitive areas have been completed. Areas officially designated "wilderness," "wild," or "canoe" when the Act was passed were incorporated into the National Wilderness Preservation System, and some of them are currently being studied. The Act provided that areas under consideration for Wilderness designation should be studied for suitability for incorporation into the Wilderness System. The mineral surveys constitute one aspect of the suitability studies. This report discusses the results of a mineral survey of the Pecos Wilderness and six proposed additions to this Wilderness in northern New Mexico. vii Mineral resources of the Pecos Wilderness and adjacent areas, Santa Fe, San Miguel, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Taos Counties, New Mexico Summary by U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Bureau of Mines, and New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources A mineral survey of the Pecos Wilderness and six proposed additions by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, and by the U.S. Bureau of Mines covers 381 square miles (987 square km, 24,384 acres) in the Santa Fe and Carson National Forests, northern New Mexico. This area, on the southern end of the Sangre de Cristo Range, was evaluated for its mineral potential by geological mapping, geochemical sampling, and interpretation of aeromagnetic data by the U.S. Geological Survey and the New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, and by the examination of mines, prospects, and mineralized areas by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Figure 1 shows two small areas of high mineral potential in the south, the Macho Canyon and Doctor Creek areas. Other areas of lower potential are numbered from 2 to 6, in decreasing order of importance of mineral potential. The Pecos Wilderness has little or no potential for oil, gas, coal, and geothermal energy. The potential for uranium and some associated elements was examined only in selected areas, and found there to be very low or nil. Production in and near the area is limited to small amounts of beryllium and mica from pegmatites in the northeastern part of the area, as well as gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc from the Pecos mine, just south of the area. From 1927 to 1939 the Pecos mine was the largest producer of these metals in New Mexico. The area is underlain by metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian X age (about 1.7 or 1.8 billion years old) and granitic and syenitic rocks that are mainly 1.65 or 1.7 billion years old, but some possibly as young as Precambrian Y age (about 1.4 billion years). Rocks of all groups are cut by many small bodies of pegmatite, composed mainly of quartz, feldspar, and white mica. In much of the eastern
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