DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of Internet Demand in Everyday Life

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of Internet Demand in Everyday Life Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of Internet Demand in Everyday Life Kelly Victoria Widdicks School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2019 I would like to dedicate this thesis to my mum, an absolute anchor in my life who started this journey in the first place by encouraging me to use a computer as a toddler. Declaration I hereby declare that except where specific reference is made to the work of others, the contents of this thesis are original and have not been submitted in whole or in part for consideration for any other degree or qualification in this, or any other university. This thesis is my own work and contains nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration with others, except as specified in the contribution statements at the beginning of this thesis. This thesis does not exceed the maximum permitted word length: it contains fewer than 80,000 words including appendices and footnotes, but excluding the bibliography. Kelly Victoria Widdicks December 2019 Understanding and Mitigating the Impact of Internet Demand in Everyday Life Kelly Victoria Widdicks School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. December 2019 Abstract Digital devices and online services are increasingly embedded within our everyday lives. The growth in usage of these technologies has implications for environmental sustainability due to the energy demand from the underlying Internet infrastructure (e.g. communication networks, data centres). Energy efficiencies in the infrastructure are important, but they are made inconsequential by the sheer growth in the demand for data. We need to transition users’ Internet-connected practices and adapt Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) design in less demanding and more sustainable directions. Yet it’s not clear what the most data demanding devices and online activities are in users’ lives, and how this demand can be intervened with most effectively through HCI design. In this thesis, the issue of Internet demand is explored—uncovering how it is em- bedded into digital devices, online services and users’ everyday practices. Specifically, I conduct a series of experiments to understand Internet demand on mobile devices and in the home, involving: a large-scale quantitative analysis of 398 mobile devices; and a mixed-methods study involving month-long home router logging and interviews with 20 participants (nine households). Through these studies, I provide an in-depth under- standing of how digital activities in users’ lives augment Internet demand (particularly through the practice of watching), and outline the roles for the HCI community and broader stakeholders (policy makers, businesses) in curtailing this demand. I then jux- tapose these formative studies with design workshops involving 13 participants; these discover how we can reduce Internet demand in ways that users may accept or even want. From this, I provide specific design recommendations for the HCI community aiming to alleviate the issue of Internet growth for concerns of sustainability, as well as holistically mitigate the negative impacts that digital devices and online services can create in users’ lives. List of Publications Contributing publications Widdicks, K., Bates, O., Hazas, M., Friday, A. and Beresford, A.R., 2017, May. De- mand around the clock: Time use and data demand of mobile devices in everyday life. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 5361-5372). ACM. Morley, J., Widdicks, K. and Hazas, M., 2018. Digitalisation, energy and data de- mand: The impact of Internet traffic on overall and peak electricity consumption. En- ergy Research & Social Science, 38, pp.128-137. Widdicks, K., Hazas, M., Bates, O. and Friday, A., 2019, April. Streaming, Multi- Screens and YouTube: The New (Unsustainable) Ways of Watching in the Home. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 466). ACM. Widdicks, K.V. and Pargman, D., 2019. Breaking the Cornucopian Paradigm: To- wards Moderate Internet Use in Everyday Life. In Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Computing within Limits (LIMITS’19), pages 2:1–2:8. ACM. Contributing publications under submission Widdicks, K., Remy, C., Bates, O., Friday, A., and Hazas, M., 2019. Designing Moderate and Meaningful Experiences with Digital Devices and Online Services. In submission of the ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI). Widdicks, K., 2019. The Importance of Responsible Design to Overcome the Neg- ative Effects of Technology. In submission for a First Monday special issue on ‘Re- sponsibility in Digital Design’. Additional publications Widdicks, K.V., Ringenson, T., Pargman, D., Kuppusamy, V. and Lago, P., 2018. Undesigning the Internet: An exploratory study of reducing everyday Internet con- nectivity. ICT4S 2018. Tendedez, H., Widdicks, K. and Hazas, M.D., 2019. Planning for the things you can’t plan for: lessons learnt from deployments in the home. Interactions, 26(1), pp.52-57. Contribution Statements Chapter 2 Parts of this chapter are published (or under submission) in the related work sections of a Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)’17 paper [392], a CHI’19 paper [393], a Computing within LIMITS’19 workshop paper [394], and a Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) journal paper [395, under re- view]. Section 2.2 in particular is formed from the TOCHI paper [395, under review]. As first author for all of these publications, the analysis of related work is my own. Chapter 3 Parts of this chapter are published or under submission: section 3.1 at CHI’17 [392] and Energy Research and Social Science (ERSS)’18 [249]; section 3.2 at CHI’19 [393]; and section 3.3 at TOCHI [395, under review]. I was the first author of three of these papers and wrote the relevant method section in the paper for which I am a second author (i.e. [249]); therefore the write-up of the methods is my own. I conducted the quantitative analysis of the Android dataset myself, however this is a secondary data- set (collected by the University of Cambridge within the ‘Device Analyzer’ project) and my analysis scripts had to be executed by Alastair Beresford in Cambridge due to restrictions of moving the data out of their servers. I also solely conducted all of the household deployments in the home Internet demand study, except H7 where Mike Hazas helped due to the amount of participants involved; Mike also conducted two interviews for H9 as I knew the participant too well, and therefore I did not want this familiarity to affect the results. The design workshop was primarily designed by my- self, with input from Christian Remy, Oliver Bates, Adrian Friday, Mike Hazas and Helena Tendedez; Christian, Oliver, as well as Kathy New, helped conduct the work- shops due to the exercises requiring involvement from experts in HCI. Chapter 4 Parts of this chapter are published in the CHI’17 [392], ERSS’18 [249], CHI’19 [393], and LIMITS’19 [394] papers or under-submission at TOCHI [395]. Specifically, sec- tion 4.1 shows visualisations and analysis published in the CHI’17 [392] and ERSS’18 papers [249]; parts of section 4.2 are published in the CHI’19 [393] paper; most of section 4.3 is under submission in the TOCHI paper [395]; and parts of the discus- sion and implications are published in the CHI’17 [392] and LIMITS’19 [394] pa- pers, or under submission in the TOCHI paper [395]. I am the first author for four of these papers [392, 393, 394, 395] and therefore the primary contributor to the analysis, ideas, discussion and implications, with the exception of Adrian Friday (co-author of the CHI’17 paper [392]) who conducted the permutation test analysis on the Android dataset. I am the second author of the ERSS’18 paper [249]; here, my primary role was to carry out the quantitative analysis of the Device Analyzer dataset, which I explore in this chapter. The majority of the findings I provide on this quantitative data are my own, but I cite the Morley et al. paper [249] twice to indicate which contributions lie with the first author. Chapter 5 The majority of this chapter, focusing on watching, is published in the CHI’19 pa- per [393]. This paper was developed alongside the co-authors Mike Hazas, Oliver Bates and Adrian Friday. However, I was the first author of this paper and the primary contributor to the data collection, analysis and ideas. Parts of the discussion and im- plications are also published in the LIMITS’19 paper [394]. I am also the first author for this paper (co-authored with Daniel Pargman); the ideas and write-up are primarily my own. Chapter 6 This chapter is currently under review as a journal paper for TOCHI [395], for which I am the first author. It also builds upon discussion I have first authored at LIM- ITS’19 [394]. All of the analysis, findings, and implications are my own—yet they were verified by the co-authors to ensure validity of the results. I also link to some of my arguments in my sole authored article, currently in submission of a First Monday special issue on ‘Responsibility in Digital Design’ [391, under review]. Chapter 7 Some of the future work presented in this chapter is currently under review in the First Monday article for a special issue on ‘Responsibility in Digital Design’ [391]. I am the sole author and therefore the arguments made are my own. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC grant number W95738G) for supporting my PhD research, as well as my continued post-doctoral work next year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forecasting Innovation Pathways for New & Emerging
    Forecasting Innovation Pathways: The Case of Nano-enhanced Solar Cells Alan L. Porter,i Ying Guo,ii Lu Huang,iii Douglas K. R. Robinsoniv ABSTRACT We have recently devised a 10-step framework to extend research profiling to help identify promising commercialization routes for a target emerging technology. Our approach combines empirical and expert analyses. We herein illustrate this framework for the case of nano-enhanced solar cells. INTRODUCTION Our endeavors should be considered within the context of Future-oriented Technology Analyses (“FTA” – see http://foresight.jrc.ec.europa.eu/). Over the years, FTA tools have expanded from technology forecasting of incrementally advancing technologies (for example, consider Moore‟s Law describing some six decades of continual advances in semi-conductor capabilities). 1 Today, considerable interest is directed toward New & Emerging Science & Technologies (“NESTs”) as increasingly, NESTs are anticipated to provide considerable wealth creation. These forms of technologies tend to be less predictable than incremental innovation processes; they are more dependent on discontinuous advances; and the anticipated (disruptive) impacts on markets and on society are difficult (although not impossible) to foresee. In our endeavor to grapple with this challenging situation, we seek to provide usable intelligence, not only to get a handle of the discontinuous development of NEST‟s, but also on the pertinent contextual forces and factors affecting possible technological innovation. However, technology opportunities analysis2 for NESTs poses notable challenges. Recently, we put forward our approach to Forecasting Innovation Pathways (“FIP”).3 That paper provides conceptual background for our endeavors to combine “Tech Mining” 4 and “Multi-path mapping.” 5 It explores the promise of this approach through its application to two illustrative innovation situations, for nano-biosensors and for deep brain stimulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2017 #FTC2017 November 29-30, 2017, Vancouver, Canada
    Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2017 #FTC2017 November 29-30, 2017, Vancouver, Canada SPONSORS AND PARTNERS CONFERENCE VENUE Pan Pacific Hotel Vancouver Suite 300-999 Canada Place, Vancouver British Columbia V6C 3B5, Canada IEEE VANCOUVER SECTION CONFERENCE AGENDA DAY 1 (29th November) DAY 2 (30th November) 7:30 am – 8:15 am Delegates Check-in 8:00 am Delegates Arrive 8:15 am – 10:30 am Conference Opening (Oceanview Suite) 8:30 am – 10:30 am KEYNOTE TALKS (Oceanview Suite) Mohammad S. Obaidat, Fordham University KEYNOTE TALKS Ann Cavoukian, Ryerson University John Martinis, Google Kevin Leyton-Brown, University of British Columbia Peter Mueller, IBM Research James Hendler, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) 10:30 am – 11:00 am Networking Break (Foyer) 10:30 am – 11:00 am POSTER PRESENTATIONS (Foyer) 11:00 am – 12:30 pm PAPER PRESENTATIONS Session 9 - Intelligent Systems 11:00 am – 12:30 pm PROJECT DEMONSTRATIONS (Oceanview Suite) Session 10 - Technology Trends Session 11 - Electronics 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch (Cypress Suite) 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm Lunch (Cypress Suite) 1:30 pm – 3:30 pm PAPER PRESENTATIONS 1:30 pm – 3:30 pm PAPER PRESENTATIONS Session 1 - Computing Session 12 - Blockchain Session 2 - Software Engineering Session 13 - Ambient Intelligence Session 3 - Intelligent Systems Session 14 - Healthcare Technologies Session 4 - e-Learning Session 15 - Security and Privacy 3:30 pm – 3:45 pm Networking Break (Foyer) 3:30 pm – 3:45 pm Networking Break (Foyer) 3:45 pm – 5:45 pm PAPER PRESENTATIONS 3:45 pm – 6:00 pm PAPER PRESENTATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Technology and Engineering International Journal of Recent
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering ISSN : 2277 - 3878 Website: www.ijrte.org Volume-8 Issue-2S6, JULY 2019 Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication d E a n n g y i n g o e l e o r i n n h g c e T t n e c Ijrt e e E R X I N P n f L O I O t T R A o e I V N O l G N r IN n a a n r t i u o o n J a l www.ijrte.org Exploring Innovation Editor-In-Chief Chair Dr. Shiv Kumar Ph.D. (CSE), M.Tech. (IT, Honors), B.Tech. (IT), Senior Member of IEEE Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication, Bhopal (M.P.), India. Associated Editor-In-Chief Chair Prof. MPS Chawla Member of IEEE, Professor-Incharge (head)-Library, Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering, G.S. Institute of Technology & Science Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Chairman, IEEE MP Sub-Section, India Dr. Vinod Kumar Singh Associate Professor and Head, Department of Electrical Engineering, S.R.Group of Institutions, Jhansi (U.P.), India Dr. Rachana Dubey Ph.D.(CSE), MTech(CSE), B.E(CSE) Professor & Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence (LNCTE), Bhopal (M.P.), India Associated Editor-In-Chief Members Dr. Hai Shanker Hota Ph.D. (CSE), MCA, MSc (Mathematics) Professor & Head, Department of CS, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur (C.G.), India Dr. Gamal Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohamed Said Ph.D(CSE), MS(CSE), BSc(EE) Department of Computer and Information Technology , Port Training Institute, Arab Academy for Science ,Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Arms Control Verification Regimes and Their State Parties
    21st Century Trust Issues: Arms Control Verification Regimes and Their State Parties Jasmine Moheb University of California - San Diego Political Science Department Senior Honors Thesis 2020-21 1 Abstract In just under a century, arms control has both been conceived and become the forefront of international security with its high ambitions of regulating arms advancements that threaten the existing balance of power. Yet, human nature and the incentive mechanisms by which state actors make decisions has stayed relatively constant over time – allowing us to analyze these and apply them to a world that is in continuous flux. Making an effort to generalize patterns from a history of state behavior and apply them to the future is a critical function of political science research; one that I seek to contribute to in the field of arms control through this thesis. The relevance of arms control agreements in our modern global security network is an essential one, yet one that I believe is understudied. In a novel attempt to understand the intricacies of arms control agreements, I pursue the research question “Does the number of state parties in an agreement affect the total number of verification methods employed?” I find that the results are contradictory looking at just these two variables, but focusing on the inner workings of bilateral, regional, and international agreements, multilateral agreements tend to adopt more verification methods when they consist of a greater number of state parties. This is especially true in the case of certain verification methods over others. I also discover the role of third parties as well as the power of state players in regard to how they interact with the likelihood of adopting verification methods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rochdale Baptists
    THE ROCHDALE BAPTISTS 1773 - 1973 A SHORT HISTORY Written in 1973 to commemorate the Bi-centenary of the West Street Baptist Church Rochdale. (RE-PUBLISHED: ON THE OCCASION OF THE 225TH ANNIVERSARY IN 1998.) By: A. Whitehead. “On 18th September 1773 friends at Rochdale asked at an Ebenezer (Bacup) Church meeting exemption from supporting the ministry there any longer in consequence of the expense attaching to the infant cause at Rochdale. Their prayer was granted by the famous Rev. John Hirst and his people without demur.” Page 1 of 47 That part of the Christian Church known as the Baptists is less than 400 years old, although in earlier times sections were in existence whose fundamental principle was that of the immediate and direct accountancy of God of each individual; that between God and the individual there was no mediator save Jesus Christ. These were the Anabaptists who rejected the priestly notions of Christian ministry and all forms of State support. They maintained their preachers by free-will offerings; whose one qualification must be a divine call to such service. Anabaptism in England was never organised and lacked leadership, for this reason it cannot be regarded as the seed-bed of the English Baptists. John Smyth was the first English Baptist. He first took orders of the Church of England, then became a Puritan Separatist and finally a Baptist Separatist, eventually fleeing to Holland and becoming the pastor of a Church of English Separatist there. In 1609 he first baptised himself and then baptised Thomas Helwys, a gentleman of Basford in Nottingham, who financed the emigration of a Gainsborough Separatist Church to Amsterdam, and others.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Challenges of Accelerating Technological Change: Security Policy and Strategy Implications of Parallel Scientific Revolutions
    Policy Challenges of Accelerating Technological Change: Security Policy and Strategy Implications of Parallel Scientific Revolutions James Kadtke and Linton Wells II Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP) National Defense University (NDU) September 2014 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official position of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. All information and sources in this paper were drawn from unclassified materials. Dr. James Kadtke is currently the Special Advisor on Converging Technologies at the Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University; he is also a consultant in the Washington, DC area focusing on emerging technologies, national security, organizational foresight, and innovation. Previously, he served as a Fellow in the Science and Technology Policy Institute under the White House OSTP, and as policy analyst on the Science Committee in the U.S. House of Representatives. He then served over three years on the staff of Senator John Warner of Virginia and as staff designee on the Senate Armed Services Committee. More recently, he has served as Executive Director of the Accelerating Innovation Foundation, and a research fellow at the National Defense University and George Mason University. From 2010 to 2012, he was the Industry and State Liaison at the National Nanotechnology Coordinating Office under the White House. Dr. Linton Wells II is a Visiting Distinguished Research Fellow in the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University. Previously he was the Director of the Center for Technology and National Security Policy at NDU.
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Technology Use in Neurodiagnostic Clinical Skills Training Margaret Ann Marsh-Nation Walden University
    Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2019 Educational Technology Use in Neurodiagnostic Clinical Skills Training Margaret Ann Marsh-Nation Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, and the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Education This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Margaret Ann Marsh-Nation has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Carla Johnson, Committee Chairperson, Education Faculty Dr. Michael Marrapodi, Committee Member, Education Faculty Dr. Danielle Hedegard, University Reviewer, Education Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2019 Abstract Educational Technology Use in Neurodiagnostic Clinical Skills Training by Margaret Ann Marsh-Nation MS, Walden University, 2011 BS, Capella University, 2009 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Educational Technology Walden University February 2019 Abstract The current shortage of clinical sites for neurodiagnostic technology (NDT) students is limiting enrollments and subsequently limiting graduates from NDT schools in the U.S. A lack of knowledge or consensus concerning the use of educational technology in NDT clinical skills training prompted this investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving the Army's Next Effort in Technology Forecasting
    Improving the Army’s Next Effort in Technology Forecasting John Lyons, Richard Chait, and Simone Erchov, Editors Center for Technology and National Security Policy National Defense University September 2010 The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the National Defense University, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. All information and sources for this paper were drawn from unclassified materials. Paul Bartone is a Senior Research Fellow in the CTNSP Life Sciences Directorate. He has conducted numerous field studies of stress, health and adaptation among military personnel and their families, covering deployments ranging from the Gulf War to Bosnia. He is a past-President of the Society for Military Psychology, Division 19 of the American Psychological Association. He is a charter member of the Association for Psychology Science, and a Fellow of the American Psychological Association. He earned a B.A. in Psychology, magna cum laude, from the University of Massachusetts and a Masters and PhD in Psychology and Human Development from the University of Chicago. Richard Chait is a Distinguished Research Fellow at CTNSP. He was previously Chief Scientist, Army Material Command, and Director, Army Research and Laboratory Management. Dr. Chait received his PhD in Solid State Science from Syracuse University and a BS degree from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. T.R. Govindan is the manager of the ARO Quantum Information Science Program, through which he co-manages several quantum information science programs for other agencies of the Federal Government. He also chairs a coordinating group of program managers involved in quantum information science programs.
    [Show full text]
  • New Technologies and Their Role in Australia's Security, Cultural, Democratic, Social A
    At last – a narrative for Australia For many years we have debated where we are heading as a nation. We have been fortunate to have had a relatively prosperous and happy existence and tend to think that this is a direct result of our abundance of minerals and our agricultural production. While our prosperity has been dependent on resources it has only worked because we have been world class in our production techniques and the technology and scientific research that sits behind them. Make no mistake, Australia is not alone in having huge quantities of iron ore: Brazil has just as much and it is generally higher grade. We compete against the world for our economic success. But what of the future? We seem to have no clear narrative other than that as a small nation we must compete against the rest of the world. And the future can be frightening when one notes the way technology is utterly changing the landscape. Some of the wilder predictions suggest that by 2030, 80% of all jobs will be in firms or institutions that don’t exist now. Aviva Rutkin writing in the MIT Technology Journal1 on the jobs of the future suggested that around half of all currently existing jobs in the USA would be automated by 2030. The good news of course is that while technology is destroying jobs it is also creating jobs. Our narrative then is clear: we must pursue innovation through technology as the main contributor to our future prosperity and happiness. The new jobs generated will allow us to compete with the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly 1998 Fall
    S OUTH D AKOTA S CHOOL OF M INES AND T ECHNOLOGY QUARTERLYFALL 1998 INTERNET2 INTERNET SDSM&T Jumps on the Internet Fast Lane 2 Story on page 8 APUBLICATION OF SDSM&T Perspectives SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY QUARTERLY Fall 1998 The South Dakota School of Mines and Technology President entered our 119th year continuing our commitment Dr. Richard J. Gowen of excellence established more than a century ago. Assistant to the President Those traditions continue both in and out of the Gail Boddicker classroom. Included within our traditions is a Academic Affairs commitment to providing our students with an Dr. Karen L. Whitehead, Vice President excellent education at an affordable price. This fall Business & Administration the University was recognized by Barrons, a leading Timothy G. Henderson, Director resource for higher education information, as one of 300 'Best Buys' in higher education from across the Student Affairs nation. This coveted recognition is also reinforced Dr. Douglas K. Lange, Dean by an increase in the number of new students University & Public Relations choosing to join the Tech family this fall. Julie A. Smoragiewicz, Director SDSM&T Foundation Tech is committed to enhancing teaching and learning through the integration of L. Rod Pappel, President advanced technologies. Our traditions of excellence in teaching were recently College of Earth Systems given a boost through a project funded by Governor Janklow. The South Dakota Dr. Sangchul Bang, Dean School of Mines and Technology was honored to be selected to participate in the Governor's Faculty Awards for Teaching with Technology program. College of Interdisciplinary Studies Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Birds of a Feather…Gatekeeping Human Rights Online News Coverage Via Traditional and Humanitarian News Media
    Birds of a Feather…Gatekeeping Human Rights Online News Coverage via Traditional and Humanitarian News Media by Lindsey E. Blumell, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation In MEDIA & COMMUNICATION Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved David D. Perlmutter, Ph.D. Chair of Committee Lea C. Hellmueller, Ph.D. Kenton T. Wilkinson, Ph.D. Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo, Ph.D. Mark Sheridan, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School May, 2016 Copyright 2016, Lindsey E. Blumell Texas Tech University, Lindsey E. Blumell, May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much like it takes a village to raise a child; it took the help, mentorship, and support of many, both personally and professionally, to begin and finish my dissertation. I’ll start on a personal level with my family. To my mother and father, who are both teachers: thanks for cursing me with the teaching gene and encouraging me to have an inquisitive mind. Your countless hours of devotion to your job kids and your kids kids was an invaluable example of how teachers can change a person’s life for the better. To my siblings, who all tolerate my constant desire for new places and adventures and have always opened their doors to me during my times of respite. It’s nice to be from a family that both supports and keeps you grounded J. Moving to Texas felt in some ways more foreign than any other place I had lived before and it took a lot of trying to make sense of it on my own until I realized I couldn’t navigate the labyrinth by myself.
    [Show full text]
  • Last100 Network Tv Diagrams.Ai
    Monday ABCCBS NBC Fox The CW How I Met Everybody 8:00p Your Mother Hates Chris Chuck Prison Break Dancing 8:30p The Big Bang Theory Aliens in America with the Stars 9:00p Two and a Half Men Girlfriends Heroes K-Ville 9:30p Samantha Who? Rules of Engagement The Game 10:00p Local Local The Bachelor CSI: Miami Journeyman Programming Programming 10:30p These are the Monday shows available for streaming; all times are U.S. Central http://last100.com Tuesday ABCCBS NBC Fox The CW 8:00p Cavemen Beauty NCIS Bones and the Geek 8:30p Carpoolers The Biggest Loser 9:00p Dancing with the Stars The Unit House The Reaper 9:30p (Results Show) The Singing Bee 10:00p Law & Order: Local Local The Bachelor Cane Special Victims Unit Programming Programming 10:30p These are the Tuesday shows available for streaming; all times are U.S. Central http://last100.com Wednesday ABCCBS NBC Fox The CW 8:00p Back to You America’s Pushing Daisies Kid Nation Deal or No Deal Next Top Model 8:30p ‘Till Death 9:00p Kitchen Private Practice Criminal Minds Bionic Woman Gossip Girl Nightmares 9:30p 10:00p Local Local Dirty Sexy Money CSI: NY Life Programming Programming 10:30p These are the Wednesday shows available for streaming; all times are U.S. Central http://last100.com Thursday ABCCBS NBC Fox The CW 8:00p My Name is Earl Are You Smarter Ugly Betty Survivor Smallville Than a 5th Grader? 8:30p 30 Rock 9:00p The Office Don’t Forget Grey’s Anatomy CSI Supernatural the Lyrics! 9:30p Scrubs 10:00p Local Local Big Shots Without a Trace ER Programming Programming 10:30p These are the Thursday shows available for streaming; all times are U.S.
    [Show full text]