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A Revision of the Genus Sennius of North and Central

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A Revision of the Genus Sennius of North and Central '. t w~W W ~W W 1.0 w ,., wW 2 J wl.ji • .t: ~ ~ F L:.: ~ L:.: Iii 81: 81: :~ ::: ~ 1.1 ........ 1.1 .......... 1111 1111,1.8 II ,""'1.25 ""'1.4 111111.6 ""'1.25 111111.4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANOA~OS·1963·A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANOAROS·I963·A " .' ""' ~. :~ A Revision of the Genus Sennins of Nurth an~ Central America (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) By CLARENCE D. JOHNSON, Department of Biological Scienct:s, Northe1"tL Arizona Unive?'sity, a'hd JOHN M. KINGSQLVER, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, A:}ricultu,?'al Resea?'ch Se?'vice Sennius was based on B1"'ttchus c1"Ztentatus Horn by Bridwell (1946),1 but, as with the ('ther genera described in that paper, Bridwell did not indicate which species other than the type-species he considered to belong to Sennius. In subsequent publications Bottimer {1961, 1968) and John&on (1968) transferred other spe­ cies to Sennius, but no comprehensive generic description has been published. Because a complete summary o'f characteristics for each of the New World genera of Bruchidae has not been published, listing of characteristics for Sennius is necessarily subject to refinement. For the present, however, we regard Senniu8 as a natural group related to Statm' Bridwell, Bntchidius Schilsky, and most species now placed in Acanthoscelides Schilsky, as well as most of the monotypic genera described by Bridwell in 1946. The geographical range :>f Sennius extends from the United States to the northern part of Argentina, with several species found in the West Indies. Many species are known from South America, but until the types of Maurice Pic can be examined, ap­ plication of names to these entities must wait. Sennius is not known outside of the New World. GENUS SENNIUS BRIDWELL Sennius Bridwell, 1946: 55; Bradley, 1947: 37, 39; Blackwelder and Black­ welder, 1948: 45 ; Johnson, 1968: 1270; Bottimer, 1968: 1025, 1039, 1041. Type-Species.-Bruckus C?'Uentat'llS Horn, by original designa­ tion. Small to medium-sized bruchids in the tribe Acanthosceli­ dini with the following morphological characteristics: Head with frons obtusely ridged or bluntly carinate; antennae , The year in italic after the author's name indicates the reference in Liter­ ature Cited, p. 102. 1 2 Technical Bulletin 1462, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (fig. 4) not sexually dimorphic, distal segme.lts slightly ecce'1tric, not serrate, usually subequal in length to hind femur; in lateral view, venter of eye parallel with imaginary extension of line paral­ lel with ventra' surface of labium. P?'oth01'ax with incomplete lateral carina usually present only as blunt posterolateral ridge; apex with short band of fine puncta­ tions; disk smoothly convex, without asperities except usually with ~hort median basal channel; procoxae contiguous at apices, or slightly separated by vertical lamina of the prosternum, or well separated. Elyt1'a, with striae regular, not distorted laterally, well marked, without basal gibbositjes 01' asperities, except in Sennius 1nilita1'is; basal strial spines present or absent; scutellum short, broad, bifid apically. Hind fem~t?· (fig. 1) with ventral face flattened, mesoventral margin ~l F. face usually with single flattened subapical spine, occa­ sionally with smaller secondary spine at base of first spine, latero­ ventral margin of face usually not carinate; femur relatively slen­ der. Hind tibia (fig. 2) with transverse apicolateral row of spin­ ules (tibial corona: see below), mucro relatively short, scarcely longer than coronal denticles; carinae usually complete (figs. 2, 3). Abdomen with basal sternum unmodified; pygidium evenly rounded or slightly convex, without asperities; apical margin of last sternum of 0' broadly emarginate to receive apex of pygidium, apical mal'gin of last sternum of ~ without emargination. 0' gen­ italia (figs. 7, 8) with lateral lobes expanded mesally at apices; internal sac with arcuate or boat-shaped hinge sclerites at apical orifice of median lobe, apical closure valve of ejaculatory duct prominent, circular, or U-shaped, lateral pendulous sacs (diverti­ cula) usually present near closure valve. The terminology of parts of the male genitalia used in this bulletin follows that proposed by Kingsolver (1970). However, since the hinge sclerites in those organs are of prime importance in the definition of Senni'lls, a short explanation is given here. The term "hinge sclerites" is applied to a pair of arcuate often boat­ shaped sclerites embedded in the internal sac on either side of the apical orifice and articulating laterally with the sclerotized side­ walls of the median lobe. Their function is not definitely known, but they are assumed to act as springs to help evert the internal sac because they have been observed in some specimens to have failed to withdraw to their normal position after copulation. They may also serve as guidance rods during the initial stages of copu­ lation. Hinge sclerites are not unique for Selll/illS. They are found in Revision of the Genus Sennius 3 some specL"'') of Ca1'yedes Hummel and in two or three South American species not closely related to Sennius. In some genera, e.g., Algarobius Bridwell, there is a pair of flat ovate sclerites near the apical orifice, but these are differently sh~.ped than those in Se' ini~lS. The presence of arcuate hinge sclerites is one of the most reliable and consh;tent characters presently known for sepa­ rating Sennius from various species now placed in Acanthoscel­ ides, which are now difficult to distinguish by external features. Because important generic and specific characteristics are found in the posterior leg in Senni~ls and in related genera, we consider it necessary to esta1::lish a nomenclature to ~.id in the description of this appendage. A survey of various genera in the Bruchinae in­ dicates that the nomenclature here proposed can be utilized in all tribes except the Megacerini. In the standard morphologicai orientation the leg is extended along a nearly straight horizontal axis through the trochanter, femur, tibia, and tarsomeres, at an angle of 90° to the long axis of the body. The usual position found in living and preserved specimens is not as described above and is one in which the tibia is held at an angle to the femur and the posterior surface of the hind leg is apposed to the body. In this bulletin the terms dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior will be used in the morphological sense for the first two pairs of legs. Thus what in living and preserved specimens are the lateral and mesal surfaces are morphologically the anterior and posterior surfaces, respectively. However, we consider that the strict use of these terms when l'eferring to the hind legs would create unnec­ essary confusion. Therefore we will use ventral and dorsal in the morphological sense for the hind legs but will substitute lateral and mesal for anterior and posterior surfaces, respectively. The trochanter is relatively constant throughout the Bruchinae and needs no special terms for its description. The hind femur (fig. 1) is usually somewhat clavate but with t.he dorsal margin arcuate and the ventral margin sinuate. The mesal face is flat., the lateral face is convex, and the ventral face is narrowly flattened proximally and shallowly concave distally. In some genera the lateroventral margin of the ventral face is . strongly carinate, but in Sennius this margin is only a blunt ridge. The mesoventral margin, however, is marked by a fine shining ; :., carina sometimes bearing fine recumbent spines, the entire struc­ ture nearly concealed by vestiture. In the apical one-fourth the carina is usually expanded into a flat, vertical, toothlike spine, and sometimes has one or two minute notches on the distal margin of the spine. The distal end of the femur is expanded slightly into two vertical lamellae flanking the insertion of the tibial base. 4 Technical Bulletin 1462, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture The hind tibia (fig. 2) is usually clavate, strongly arcuate proximally at insertion, and truncate distally. Its mesal face (fig. 3) is flattened, whereas the lateral face is convex and carinate. The distal margin is marked by a number of spines and spinules, which by their length and placement are useful in descriptions. The more or less prominent spine forming an extension of the ventral n.'largin of the tibia is termed the mUC1'O, For the remain­ ing spinules collectively we proposE' the term tibial C01'ona from which the adjective c01'onal can Le formed. For the carinae of the hi:nd tibia in Sennivs WE; are proposing the following terms: Ventml cm'ina--extending from near tibial articulation along ventral margin and ending in the mucro (fig. 2). Latm'al ca1'ina--extending from near articulation along lateral face and ending in lateral coronal spinule (fig, 2). Late1'ovent1'al ca1'ina--extending from near articulation between lateral and ventral carinae (fig, 2), but in Sennius not reaching distal margin and may be obsolete or absellt. In some genera in the Bruchinae this carina may be paired with the ventral carina on the ventral margin. Dm'somesal ca1'ina-extending from near articulation on mesal face parallel to dorsal margin to distal margin (fig, 3) but rarely ending in a spinule. These carinae are usually present in nearly the same relative positions throughout the Bruchinae except in Megace1'us; however, in some South American forms one or more or all carinae may be absent. The first tarsomere (fig. 2) is elongate and curved and usually bears a lateral, a mesal, and a ventral carina, the last ending in a blunt mucro. The second tarsomere (fig. 2) is short and subcon­ ical with a strong ventral carina, whereas the remaining tarso­ meres a~re of the usual form in the Bruchidne.
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