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Review of the Largest Species Group of the New World Seed Beetle Genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with Host Plant Associations

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Review of the Largest Species Group of the New World Seed Beetle Genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with Host Plant Associations Zootaxa 3736 (5): 501–535 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.5.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:961BBB7C-5E41-43B5-939A-F0327ED3D879 Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations JÉSSICA HERZOG VIANA1,2 & CIBELE STRAMARE RIBEIRO-COSTA1 1Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera (Insecta), Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 501 Introduction . 502 Material and methods . 502 Sennius abbreviatus group . 503 Key to the species of Sennius abbreviatus group . 506 Sennius abbreviatus (Say, 1824) . 507 Sennius bondari (Pic, 1929) . 509 Sennius durangensis Johnson & Kingsolver, 1973 . 510 Sennius flinte sp nov. 512 Sennius lawrencei Johnson, 1977 . 514 Sennius lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839) . 516 Sennius leucostauros Johnson & Kingsolver, 1973 . 518 Sennius lojaensis (Pic, 1933) . 520 Sennius medialis (Sharp, 1885). 521 Sennius nappi Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud, 1998 . 524 Sennius rufomaculatus (Motschulsky, 1874) . 525 Sennius transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839) . 527 Sennius trinotaticollis (Pic, 1930) . 529 Sennius vivi sp nov. 530 Acknowledgements . 532 References . 532 Abstract Sennius Bridwell is a New World genus of Bruchinae. Most species are placed in eight groups. In this study the species of the S. abbreviatus group are reviewed based on characters of the external morphology and the male genitalia. The group includes 14 species, two of which are new: Sennius abbreviatus (Say, 1824), S. bondari (Pic, 1929), S. durangensis John- son & Kingsolver, 1973, S. lawrencei Johnson, 1977, S. lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839), S. leucostauros Johnson & Kingsolver, 1973, S. lojaensis (Pic, 1933), S. medialis (Sharp, 1885), S. nappi Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud, 1998, S. rufomaculatus (Motschulsky, 1874), S. transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839), S. trinotaticollis (Pic, 1930), S. vivi sp. nov. and S. flinte sp. nov. The S. abbreviatus group differs from other groups by the pattern of sclerites and the shape of the internal sac of the male genitalia, and has three subgroups, defined here. The lectotype of S. lebasi is designated. New host plant records are presented for S. lojaensis and S. transversesignatus, and new distribution records for S. lawrencei, S. lojaensis and S. tri- notaticollis. Key words: Bruchinae, Sennius abbreviatus group, Nearctic, Neotropical Accepted by L. Chamorro: 31 Oct. 2013; published: 15 Nov. 2013 501 Introduction The subfamily Bruchinae is a monophyletic subfamily of Chrysomelidae with about 1,700 species grouped into six tribes, nine subtribes and 67 genera (Ribeiro-Costa & Almeida 2012). Sennius Bridwell, 1946 is placed in the most diverse tribe, Bruchini, which includes three subtribes (Borowiec, 1987). Sennius belongs in the Acanthoscelidina, an artificial assemblage which includes about 800 species (Johnson & Romero 2004) distributed in the New and Old World and constitutes more than a half of all Bruchinae species (Silva & Ribeiro-Costa 2008). Species of Sennius feed on plants of the subtribe Cassiinae, mostly those in the genus Senna Mill., including some weeds like S. obtusifolia (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby and S. occidentalis (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby, which are difficult to control with chemicals (Mackey et al. 1997). Sennius comprises 62 Neartic and Neotropical species, and Bridwell (1946) defined this genus by the presence of a carina extending near the base of the inner margin of the hind femur, and a tooth posterior to this carina. Subsequent authors such as Bottimer (1961, 1968) and Johnson (1968) transferred eight species originally described in Bruchus Linnaeus, 1767 to Sennius. Johnson & Kingsolver (1973) made the most relevant contribution by reviewing the North and Central American species of the genus. They described 10 new species and redescribed 17, placing them in seven species-groups based primarily on the patterns of the sclerites of the male genitalia. After that, one more species group was added to Sennius (L’Argentier & Kingsolver 1994) and other six species were described and placed into the eight recognized groups (Kingsolver & Whitehead, 1975; Johnson 1977, 1984; L’Argentier & Kingsolver 1994; Kingsolver & Ribeiro-Costa 2001; Viana & Ribeiro-Costa 2013). However, a total of 22 species from South America have been left out of those groups; their original descriptions contain only comments comparing them with other Sennius species (eg Pimentel 1997; Ribeiro-Costa & Costa 2002; Silva et al. 2003; Sari & Ribeiro-Costa 2005; Sari et al. 2005). According to Johnson & Kingsolver (1973), only the study of all South American Sennius and their host plants will enable us to have a comprehensive view of this genus, and to more precisely define its species groups. The S. abbreviatus group comprises eight species, Sennius abbreviatus (Say, 1824), S. durangensis Johnson & Kingsolver 1973, S. lawrencei Johnson 1977, S. lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839), S. leucostauros Johnson & Kingsolver 1973, S. medialis (Sharp, 1885), S. rufomaculatus (Motschulsky, 1874) and S. trinotaticollis (Pic, 1930), defined mainly by integument coloration, elytral pubescence and male genitalic characters. Johnson & Kingsolver (1973) also established two subgroups: subgroup 1 (S. abbreviatus, S. rufomaculatus), and subgroup 2 (S. durangensis, S. medialis); they also mentioned three species (S. lebasi, S. leucostauros, S. trinotaticollis) as “…branches of these subgroups…”. Even though S. lawrencei was added in the S. abbreviatus group after Johnson & Kingsolver (1973), its placement in subgroups has not been discussed. In this contribution we address the known species of the S. abbreviatus group, describe two new species and add four more into the group, now totaling 14 species. Ten of those species occur in South America. The species are described and illustrated using characters such as pubescence, integument color and sculpture and male genitalia. We provide photos, and micrographs of the hind legs, using techniques that were not available to Johnson & Kingsolver (1973). Material and methods Specimens from the following collections were consulted and the name of curators who loaned material are given within parentheses: BMNH British Museum of Natural History, London, GBR (M. V. L. Barclay, photos by S. P. Rosa) CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA (N. Penny) CEAM Centro de Entomologica y Acarologia, Montecillo, MEX (J. R. Nápoles) CNCI Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, CAN (A. E. Davies) DZUP Coleção de Entomologia Pe. J. S. Moure, Curitiba, BRA (C. S. Ribeiro-Costa) FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Illinois, USA (R. Bieler) FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, USA (M. C. Thomas) MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA (B. D. Farrell) 502 · Zootaxa 3736 (5) © 2013 Magnolia Press VIANA & RIBEIRO-COSTA. MNRJ Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA (M. A. Monné) MZSP Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRA (S. Casari) NHRS Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, SWE (B. Viklund) TAMU Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA (E. Riley) USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, USA (D. G. Furth; A. S. Konstantinov) ZMUC Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DNK (A. Solodovnikov) ZMUM Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, RUS (N.B Nikitsky) The identification of specimens was based on Johnson & Kingsolver (1973), original descriptions of species, comparisons with type specimens, when available, and/or material previously identified by specialists in the group. Among the species of the S. abbreviatus group, we were able to study type material of Bruchus bivulneratus Horn, 1873 (= Sennius abbreviatus) (by photo), S. bondari (Pic, 1929) (by photo), S. durangensis, S. lebasi, S. leucostauros, S. lawrencei, S. nappi Ribeiro-Costa & Reynaud, 1998 and S. transversesignatus (Fåhraeus, 1839). Additionally, we examined specimens identified by comparison with types by the bruchine specialist J. M. Kingsolver of the following species: S. medialis, S. lojaensis (Pic, 1933) and S. trinotaticollis. For more details, see ‘Results’ in ‘Type material’. The designation of lectotype follows ICZN (1999), which recommends that lectotype designation ‘should be done as part of a revisionary or other taxonomic work to enhance the stability of nomenclature’ (Declaration 44, Amendment of Article 74.7.3; ICZN 1999). The complete redescriptions, type material and detailed diagnoses of S. bondari and S. nappi are found in Viana & Ribeiro-Costa (2013). Here we present only a description of the main diagnostic characters and a summary of the distribution, host plant and diagnoses of these species. Labels from the type material are organized in sequence from top to bottom as follows: Each label within double quotes (“ ”), lines of text on a given label separated by a backslash (\) and the label color enclosed by parentheses. Information from additional material is organized, when complete, as follows: country (Caps): district/state/province (bold): locality (italic): number of specimens, date (day/month[in roman numerals]/year), collector, host plant and abbreviation
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