sign in sign up
<<
Home , Acamptus, Acritus, Adetus, Aerenea, Agapanthiini, Aglyptinus

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida

March 2002

Beetle fauna of the island of Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

Stewart B. Peck Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada

Joyce Cook Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada

Jerry D. Hardy Jr. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi

Part of the Entomology Commons

Peck, Stewart B.; Cook, Joyce; and Hardy, Jerry D. Jr., " fauna of the island of Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies" (2002). Insecta Mundi. 533. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/533

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 9

Beetle fauna of the island of Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies

Stewart B. Peck and Joyce Cook Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada,

Jerry D. Hardy, Jr. NMFS, National Systematics Laboratory National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC, 20560, USA

Abstract. Tobago is a biologically rich but poorly investigated island. In this paper we report the occurrence of 672 of representing 69 families. Of these, only 95 had been previously reported from the island.

Introduction tionally, the Anuran family Centrolenellidae, rep- resented on Tobago by a single species, is unknown Tobago is an island on the northeastern shoul- on Trinidad. Lack (1976), in his study of the biodi- der of South America. It lies 30 km northeast of the versity of Caribbean birds, proposed a faunal bound- island of Trinidad and forms part of the nation of ary between Grenada and Tobago which he called Trinidad and Tobago. Tobago is generally consid- "Bond's Line" (for the American ornithologist James ered to be a continental-shelf (or land-bridge) is- Bond). Bird faunas north and south of Bond's Line land and its biota to be similar to that of neighbor- are noticeably distinct; and the line also separates, ing South America, and different in some degree to a greater or lesser degree, populations of amphib- from that of the islands of the Lesser Antilles. ians and reptiles. It is not clear if this faunal Tobago is separated from Trinidad by an ocean difference is reflected in faunas; but at least depth of somewhat over 74 m (40 fathoms). Thus, at one West Indian beetle, Aphodius cuniculus Chev- times of Pleistocene low sea levels, Tobago was rolat, crosses Bond's Line, reaching the southern certainly connected by land to Trinidad. This con- limit of its known range in Tobago. nection was last severed by rising sea levels about Jackson and Donovan (1994) state that "The 14,000 yBP (Comeau 1991-1992). The shallower island of Tobago is located in the southeastern land connection between Trinidad and Venezuela corner of the Caribbean Plate and has been inter- (as little as 11 km distant on the adjacent coast of preted as part of the allochthonous terrane that northern South America) was last broken by rising forms the easternmost fragment of the Caribbean sea level about 10,000 yBP. Mountain System." In a more detailed regional The biota of Tobago is generally similar to that study, Robertson and Burke (1989) indicate that of Trinidad and the nearby South American main- Tobago is part of a 250-km wide east-west-trending land. But there are some unusual distributions that plate-boundary zone extending southward from show that the fauna is not entirely a simple subset Grenada to the mouth of the Orinoco River. Maps of that of Trinidad. For the better known verte- presented by Iturralde-Vinent and MacPhee (1999: brates, Hardy (1982) noted that there are 11 resi- 30, 34, 38) indicate that Tobago was exposed land dent birds, four frogs, and two reptiles on Tobago on the Aves Ridge, far to the west of its present which are strikingly similar or identical to species position, during the EoceneIEarly Oligocene (the occurring in northern South America, but which period of maximum Cenozoic exposure). It was are unknown in Trinidad. Furthermore, the her- submerged under "shallow water" during the late petofauna of Tobago is unique in having more frogs Oligocene and was then moving eastward with the of the Eleutherodactylus (3 in Tobago : 1 in Caribbean Plate. By the Middle Miocene it was still Trinidad), lizards of the genus Bachia (2:1), and submerged and was located west of the present snakes of the genus Atractus (2: 1) than occur on the position of Trinidad and just north of what is now adjacent and much larger island of Trinidad. Addi- 10 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI the Paria Peninsula. At present it forms the eastern bordering on primary forest, near Goldsborough, end of the "ArubaITobago Belt". February to June, 1994, by M. Sommeijer of Uni- One of us (JDH) has been conducting a survey versity of Utrecht; and (3) specimens collected by of the entire biota of Tobago, and asked the other William Rowe (Smithsonian Institution, retired) authors of this paper to help with the , and and JDH in 1979. Voucher specimens collected by especially the beetles. Few summaries exist for SBP are in the collections of the specialists who insects of this part of the Caribbean. Stirling's supplied identifications or are in the Canadian (1986) work on butterflies is one exception, and Museum of Nature, Aylmer, Quebec. Most of the others are the lists of the terrestrial of Sommeijer material is with the Florida State Col- Barbados by Bennett and Alam (1985) and the list lection of Arthropods, and at least some of the for Grenada and the Grenadines (Woodruff et al. specimens collected by Rowe and JDH are in the 1997). Works with a focus on insect groups of collection of the United States National Museum of Tobago are Cock (1982) and Barcant (1970) on Natural History. Identifications of the SBP speci- butterflies, Hynes (1948) and Nieser and Alkins- mens were made by the first two authors, or by the Koo (1991) on aquatic -Heteroptera, and taxonomic specialist indicated for each family. Many Flint (1996) on Trichoptera. The earliest mention of of the taxa are not yet known by genus or species beetles on Tobago was Blandford's observation of names, but we think it useful to indicate their the scolytid "Xyloborus perforans Wollaston" at- presence in Tobago. As a result of this work, we now tacking sugar cane on the island. However, this is can document 672 species of beetles on the island of an Old World species and Blandford's (1892) obser- Tobago. vations were therefore, presumably, based on a We assume that many of the beetle species misidentification. Blackwelder (1944: 916) cites a presently known from Trinidad will ultimately be questionable record of the Old World Dioca- found to occur on Tobago. But a list for Trinidad is landra frunzenti subfasciata Boheman, 1839, from not available. C.K. Starr (unpublished) estimates Tobago. Most of the early work on Tobago beetles that Trinidad may have as many as 80,000 to concerned harmful species and their control. 400,000 terrestrial species, and that To- As part of the project on Tobago's biota the bago tends to have one fifth to one half and usually following list of beetle species was partially assem- one third as many species as Trinidad. The ratios of bled from published literature and as communica- shared insect species vary by taxonomic group. tions from specialists. The third author (JDH) Flint (1996: 108) lists 53 species of Trichoptera from searched the literature for records of Tobago bee- Trinidad and 33 species from Tobago (62.3%). Sev- tles. This included Blackwelder (1944), other rele- en (21%) of the Tobago species are endemic, and one vant historic literature such as agricultural re- occurs on Tobago and on the South American main- ports, and Zoological Record from volume 1 to land, but not on Trinidad. Hynes (1948) and Nieser present. With the staggering amount of data al- and Alkins-Koo (1991) document the occurrence of ready available to Blackwelder on Neotropical bee- 81 species of water bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomor- tles in 1944, it is incredible to us how few Tobago pha and Gerromorpha) from Trinidad, and 16 records were in existence at that time. A total of 95 (19.8%) from Tobago. Oddly, the numerical rela- species were found to be reported from Tobago. We tionship between the two infraorders varies greatly think it is amazing how small the list of published between the two islands. Tobago has 6.1% of the records still is, 60 years after Blackwelder (1944). number of species of that are found on It must be noted as a source of error, that on rare Trinidad (2 : 33); while 71.8% of the Gerromorpha occasions the island has been confused (in the are recorded for Tobago (48 : 14). Barcant (1970) Zoological Record and elsewhere) with other places records 617 species of butterflies from Trinidad and of the same or similar name: (1) a small island of the 123 from Tobago (19.9%). In a more detailed study same name in the US Virgin Islands; (2) the Pana- of the Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) of the two islands, manian island of Taboga, near the southern en- Cock (1982) records 272 species from Trinidad and trance of the Panama Canal; (3) Tobago Cay in the 57 species from Tobago (21.0%). The only paper of Grenadines of the Lesser Antilles; and (4) Botel which we are aware that deals specifically with a Tobago (Orchid Island) off the coast of Taiwan. group beetles from the two islands is Hinton's Additional data is here presented from (1) field review of the of Trinidad and Tobago work (of SBP) in June 1993; (2) a malaise trap (Hinton, 1971). The same six species which occur on operated on the edge of a neglected citrus orchard Trinidad also occur on Tobago (100%). INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 11

If the fauna of Trinidad conservatively contains species identification was not possible. Records 60,000 insect species, and if the insect fauna of from the literature are indicated by one or more Tobago is 113 that of Trinidad, and if beetles are reference citations. We have not attempted to con- about 20% of an insect fauna (Grove and Stork, firm the identity of specimens cited in the literature 2000, and references), this conservatively predicts for which we did not have recent material. We give a total of about 4000 species of beetles in Tobago. By only the author and year of publication for species comparison, the nearby but smaller oceanic islands known to occur in Tobago but which were described of Grenada and the Grenadines have 507 beetle from other countries. We do not cite these in the species now reported or suspected (Woodruff et al., references and they can be found in Blackwelder 1997). The following list is offered as a contribution (1944). Even though many species names are not to an understanding of the insects of the Caribbean. now known, we believe that listing this material to It shows how incompletely known the fauna still is. the species level by whatever higher taxon name is Tobago has the oldest forest reserve system in the possible is still of interest in helping to make known New World (Beard, 1944) and there are well-devel- the diversity of the fauna. oped trails through many areas of natural habitats (Comeau et al., 1992).Apossible contact for visiting Suborder biologists to either Tobago or Trinidad is through the Chair of the Department of Life Sciences, Uni- Section Geadephaga versity of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies; tel(868) 645-3232, ext. 3096, fax (868) 10. Carabidae 645-3535 ext 2208 or 663-9684. Carabinae (G.E. Ball and D. Shpeley identifica- Starr and Nelson (1995) provide information tions) about collecting regulations and procedures. Insect Amblygnathus darlingtoni Ball & Maddi- collecting and export permits for Trinidad and son, 1987 Tobago can be coordinated through: Head, Wildlife Apenes steinheili Ball and Shpeley, 1992 Section, Forestry Division, Farm Road, St. Joseph, Aspidoglossa schach (Fabricius, 1792) Trinidad; Tel. (809) 662-5114; Fax (809) 645-4288. Nichols, 1988: 99 They use the information in their species conserva- Athrostictus paganus Dejean, 1831 tion and habitat monitoring programs. Tobago it- Calleida species self also requires permission from the Secretary of (Paraclivina) species Agriculture, Tobago House of Assembly, Scarbor- Colliuris rugofrons Dejean, 1825 ough, Tobago: Tel. (809) 639-2570; Fax (809) 639- Colliuris (Colliurella) species 1746. It is probably best to first contact the Depart- Cylindronotum species ment of Life Sciences at the University of the West Hyboptera dilutior Oberthiir, 1884 Indies before contacting the Forestry Division. Lebia bitaeniata Chevrolat, 1834 The third author solicits additional informa- Lebia species; cf. rugatifrons Chaudoir, 1871 tion from specialists on published or unpublished Micratopus species records of Tobago beetles and all other insects, and Notiobia species will fully acknowledge such help. Pachyteles, 2 species Paratachys, 2 species Order: Coleoptera Pentagonica flavipes picipes Darlington, 1935 Families and higher classification and number- nigriceps Dejean, 1831 ing used here follow Lawrence and Newton (1995), Platynus aeneipennis Dejean, 1831 as modified by Arnett and Thomas (2001). To con- Polyderis species serve space, subfamilies are usually indicated only Pseudaptinus (s. str.) species for traditional families that are now used at a Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) species subfamily rank. Genera are listed alphabetically Selenophorus chalybeus Dejean, 1829 under family or subfamily. We do not use full Selenophorus discopunctatus Dejean, 1829 subfamily and tribal classifications because they Selenophorus parvus Darlington, 1934 would greatly lengthen this contribution. Listing Selenophorus ruficollis species group of only a family or genus name means that the Selenophorus species taxon is present in the voucher collections but that 12 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Stenocrepis insulana Jacquelin du Val, Superfamily 1856: specimens in USNM. Tachylnenis species 22. Cicindelinae (see Freitag, 1992) Hydraenus species Cicindela suturalis hebraea Klug, 1834; Wagenaar Hummelinck, 1983: 78 (as 23. Cicindela suturalis hebraea); Freitag, Nossidium (?) species 1992: 141, 157 (as Cicindela (Plec- undetermined genus and species tographa) suturalis f. hebraea). Cicindela trifasciata Fabricius, 1781; Wa- 25. genaar Hummelinck, 1983: 74; Freit- Adelopsis species ag,1992: 156 (as Cicindela (Cicindelidia) Aglyptinus species trifasciatus) Dissochaetus species Odontocheila marginegutta Dejean, 1825 Eucatops species Zeadolopus species Section Hydradephaga 26. Scydmaenidae (identifications courtesy of A. 14. Davies) Notomicrus species Euconnus (Napochus) sommerijeri Makham, 1997: 136 (Makham did not use the subgenus) 17. (identifications courtesy of R. Rough- Protoconnus (?) species ley and P. Spangler) Scydmaenus (s. str.) spp. Copelatus posticatus (Fabricius), 1801 Microscydmus species Copelatus unidecimstriatus Aubit, 1838 undetermined genus and species Copelatus species (group 6, Roughley, unpub.) Desmopachria species 28. Staphylinidae (see Blackwelder, 1943, addition- al identifications courtesy of A.F. Newton) Suborder Acylophorus species Achenomorphus species Series Aleochara (Aleochara) lustrica Say, 1836; Klimaszewski and Gbnier, 1987: 247 Superfamily insignitus (Gravenhorst), 1806; Herman, 2001: 1360; Blackwelder, 1943: 98 18. (identifications courtesy of R. (as Oxytelus). Roughley) Atanygnathus species Cercyon species Baeocera species Enochrus, 2 species Belonuchus rufipennis (Fabricius), 1801; Epimetopus species Blackwelder, 1943: 433; Herman, 2001: 2570. Halobata species Biocrypta species Hydrobius species Bledius caribbeanus Blackwelder, 1943: 113 Paracymus species [Type locality];. Herman, 1972: 145 (as Pelosorna species Psamathobledius); Herman 1986: 300; 2001: Phaenonotunt species 1523; Blackwelder, 1983: 15. Omicrus species Cafius bistriatus bistriatus (Erichson), 1840; Oosternum costaturn Sharp, 1882 Blackwelder, 1943: 439; Herman, 2001: 2570. Carpelimus species 21. Clavilispinus species Acritus species Coproporus, 3 species Epeirus species Diochus species species Holisus species Histerini, undetermined genus and species Homoeotarsus obsolescens Blackwelder, 1943: 329 [Type locality] Lithocharis species INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 13

Megalopinus species Euplectus species Monista species Euplectini, 6 species, genera not determined Nacaeus species Eurhexius incertus Park, et al., 1976: 20 [Type Neohypnus attenuatus (Erichson), 1839; locality] Blackwelder, 1943: 479 (as Xantholinus); Hamotus soror Raffray, 1904; Park, et al., 1976: Herman, 2001: 3709. 72, 78. Ochthephilumn species Insulomodes excavatus Park, et al., 1976: 16 Oligota minuta Cameron, 1931; Commonwealth [Type locality] Institute of Biological Control, 1977: 3; Frank Insulomodes tobagoensis Park, et al, 1976: 16 et al., 1992: 377. [Type locality] Oxytelus incisus Motschulsky, 1857; Jubus, 6 species Blackwelder, 1943: 98; Herman, 2001: 1434. Neotyrus tobagoensis Park, et al, 1976: 78 [Type Paederomimus species locality] Palaminus species Ocabaraja species Perinthus bolivari Seevers, 1946; 1957: 170. Oxarthrius species Perinthusxenocostalis Seevers, 1937; 1957: 170. Rhexinia species Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, 1840; Sebaga, 5 species Blackwelder, 1943: 402; Herman, 2001: 2837. Thesium pearcei Park, et al, 1976: 23 [Type Philonthus ventralis Gravenhorst, 1802; locality] Blackwelder; 1943: 402; Herman, 2001: 2997. Philothalpus species Series Scarabaeiformia Piestus petzicillatus (Dalman), 1821; Blackwelder, 1943: 47; Herman, 2001: 1793. Superfamily: Platystethus species Rugilus species 30. (data courtesy of J. Schuster) Scaphisoma species Passalus cf. interruptus Linnaeus, 1758; Sepedophilus species Bennett, 1952: 5 [as Passsalus (interruptus?]; Stenus species Longstaff, 1912: 333 Suniotrichus species Passalus interstitialis Eschscholtz, 1829; Thinodromus species Longstaff, 1912: 333 [as Scalmus (Ninus) Thyreoxenus parviceps Mann, 1923; Seevers interstitialis] 1957: 175 Passalus latifrons Percheron, 1844; Schuster, Xantholinus illucens Erichson, 1839; 1992: 363 [as Passalus (Pertinax) latifrons] Blackwelder, 1943: 489; Herman, 2001: 3800. Passaluspunctiger Lepeletier and Serville, 1825 (see Park et al. 1976; additional iden- Passalus unicornis Serville, 1825 tifications courtesy of D.S. Chandler). Spasalus robustus Percheron, 1835; Schuster, Apharus hexagonus Park, et al., 1976: 67 [Type 1992: 363 locality] Verres furcalabris Eschscholtz, 1829; Schuster, Apharus species 1992: 360 Barrojuba species Biblolnimus species 37. (identifications courtesy of H.F. Briaraxis depressus Brendel, 1894 (previously Howden and B. Gill) known only from Dry Tortugas Keys, Florida) Aegopsis species (near A. trinidadensis or A. Batrybraxis species curvicornis), Longstaff, 1912: 333. Bythinoplectus laminatus Park, et al., 1976; 5 Ancistrosoma tobagoensis Arrow, 1913: 428 [Type locality]; Comellini, 1985: 727 [Type locality]; Imperial Bureau of Bythinoplectini (3 species, genus not Entomology, 1917: 171 determined) Anomala species Dalmonexus tobagoensis Park, et al., 1976: 17 Aphodius cuniculus Chevrolat, 1864; Chapin, [Type locality] 1940: 7; Woodruff, 1973: 87; Cartwright and Euphalepsus species Chalumeau, 1978: 8 [as Aphodius (Nialus) Euplectus episcopalis Park, et al., 1976, [Type cuniculus]; Arnett, 1983a: 20. locality] Astaena insulana Moser, 1913 14 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Ataenius gracilis (Melsheimer), 1844 44. (identifications courtesy of B. Do- Ataenius picipes Fleutiaux and Sallb, 1897 zier) Ataenius strigicauda Bates, 1887 Agrilus, 2 species Ataenius, 2 species Leiopleura species Ateuchus species Mastogenius species Bary bas aenescens Moser, 1926 Pachyschelus species Canthon cyanocephalus Harold, 1868 Paragrilus species Canthon triangularis Drury, 1770 Taphrocerus species Canthon velutinus Harold, 1868 Coelosis biloba (Linnaeus), 1767 Superfamily Coilodes ovalis Robinson, 1948 Coprophanaeus dardanus (Macleay), 1819 46. Elmidae Cyclocephala amazon Linnaeus, 1767 Elsianus clypeatus Hinton, 1936: 254 Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius), 1775 Heterelnzis simplex codrus Hinton, 1971: 264 Deltochilum orbignyi Blanchard, 1843 [paratype] Dynastes hercules Linnaeus, 1758; Redd, 1982: smithi (Grouvelle), 1898; Hinton, 25 1971: 263 Gernzarostes rotundatus Paulian, 1982 carinatus Hinton, 1940;Hinton, Gymnetis pulchra Swederus, 1787 1971: 261 Ipselissus species Neoelmus pusio Hinton, 1971: 258 [Type Isonychus species locality]; 1972: 134 Ligyrus fossor (Latreille), 1833 congener Grouvelle, 1898; Hinton, Neoathyreus lanei (Martinez), 1952 1971: 254 Onthophagus lojanus Balthazar, 1939 Pelidnota near aeruginosa (Linnaeus), 1758 53. Pelidnota laevissima Burmeister, 1855 undetermined genus, 4 species Pelidonta uelutipes Arrow, 1900 Phyllophaga species 54. Pleurophorus parvulus (Chevrolat), 1864 Chelonarium, 2 species Termitodes species Uroxys species Superfamily

Series 60. Deltometopus species Superfamily Fornax species undetermined genus and species 39. undetermined genus and species 61. undetermined genus, 3 species 40. panamensis insularis Endrody- 62. Elateridae (identifications courtesy of E.C. Beck- Younga, 1998: 387 (occurrence on Tobago is er) explicitly indicated only on the distribution Aeolus, 2 species map). Cardiorhinus species Chalcolepidius species 41. (identifications courtesy of R. Rough- Conoderus species ley) Drapetes species , 3 species Heterodera species species Ischiodontus species Physorrhinus species Superfamily Pyrophorus s. lat. species INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 15

67. Superfamily Plateros (?) species Lycinae, undetermined, 2 genera, 2 species 81. Corticotomus species 69. species Mastocerini, undetermined genus and species Pseudophengodes pulchella GuBrin, 1843; 83. Longstaff, 1912: 333 (as Phengodespulchella) undetermined genus, 2 species undetermined genus and species 87. 70. Lampyridae Ablechrus species Aspisoma ignitum (Linnaeus), 1767: 645; undetermined genus and species Hackett et al., 1992: 181 Photinus, 2 species, genus first recorded by Superfamily Longstaff, 1912: 333. Plzoturis, 2 species 91. Nitidulidae undetermined genus, 6 species Amphicrossus species Brachypeplus species 72. Cantharidae Colopterus species Cauliognathus species Conotelus species Discodon ? species Cy bocephalus species Podabrus ? species Haptoncus species Silis? species Lobiopa species Omethini, undetermined genus and species Pallodes species undetermined genus, 6 species Pityophagus species Stelidota species Series unidentified genera, 12 species

Superfamily 93. Monotorna species 75. Monotominae, undetermined genus and species Cryptorhopalum species species 97. (identifications courtesy of M.C. undetermined genus, 4 species Thomas) Monanus concinnulus (Walker), 1858 76. Telephanus species Dinoderus species undetermined genus, 2 species undetermined genus, 2 species Lyctus species 100. (identifications courtesy of M.C. Thomas) 77. Anobiidae Charaphloeus convexus (Grouvelle), 1876 species Cryptolestes uncicornis (Reitter), 1876 species Laemophloeus suturalis Reitter, 1876 species Placonotus politissirnus (Wollaston), 1867 species undetermined genus, 2 species 102. undetermined genera and 8 species Series 105. Superfamily Lymexyloidea Ephistemus species

79. 107. Languriidae species Cryptophilus species 16 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Hapalips species Nephus (Scymnobius) species; Bennett and Toramus species Yaseen, 1978a: 2; 1978b: 55 (as Nephus) undetermined genus, 3 species Pentilia species; Bennett and Simmonds, 1964: 90; Bennett, 1952: 6 lists Pentilia confluens 108. (identifications courtesy of P. Skel- without author or year of publication. We are ley) unable to verify this name. Iphiclus (Brachymerus) near nigropictus Prodilis species; Bennett, 1952: 6 (Lacordaire), 1772 Pseudoazya trinitatis (Marshall), 1912; Bennett, Ischyrus fulmineus Delkeskamp, 1957; Skelley, 1952: 6 (as Azya trinitatus); Bennett and 1998: 127 Simmonds, 1964: 91 (as Azya trinitatus); Ischyrus insolens Crotch, 1867; Skelley, 1998: Gordon, 1980: 196 37, 82. Scymnus floralis Fabricius, 1792; Bennett and Oligocory nus zebra (Fabricius), 1787 Simmonds, 1964: 83 Scymnus, 3 species 109. Stethorus species; Bennett and Simmonds, 1964: Paroxacis antillarum (Champion, 1896);Arnett 82 198313: 5 117. Corylophidae 110. Bathona species Diplocoelus, 3 species Saciini, undetermined genus and species Sericoderus species 111. undetermined genera,7 species undetermined genus and species 118. 112. Cartodere ? species Cerylonini, undetermined genus and species Corticaria ? species Murmidiinae, undetermined genus and species Superfamily 1 115. Stenotarsus species 119. undetermined genus and species undetermined genus and species

116. (identifications courtesy of R. 122. Gordon) species orbigeraMulsant, 1850; Bennett, species 1952: 6 species Azya species Coleomegilla maculata Degeer, 1775; Bennett 124. and Simmonds, 1964: 93 undetermined genus and species Marshall, 1912; Bennett, 1952: 6 125. Cryptognatha species Bennett and Simmonds, species; Bennett, 1952: 5 1964: 89 Mordellistena species Cycloneda sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758; Bennett, Tomoxia serricornis Ray, 1939: 277 [type 1952: 6; Bennett and Simmonds, 1964: 93 locality] Exoplectra species; Bennett and Simmonds, undetermined genera, 18 species 1964: 91 Hyperaspis species 126. Rhipiphoridae Lioscymnus diversipes Champion, 1913; Trigonodera species Bennett, 1952: 6 undetermined genus and species Microscymnus calvus Champion, 1913; Bennett and Simmonds, 1964: 85 127. Colydiidae Nephus aeneipennis (Sicard), 1929 Acolobicus species INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 17

Bitoma species Superfamily Eucicones species Nematidium species 149. Cerambycidae undetermined genus, 5 species Aerenea species Adetus species 129. Bactriola vittulata Bates, 1885 Meralius species Callopogon armillatum (Linnaeus), 1767 Estola species 134. Tenebrionidae (see Marcuzzi, 1984; identifica- meinerti Aurivillius, 1900; Galileo tions courtesy of C.A. Triplehorn) and Martins, 1988: 181, 185 (subspecies Alphitobius laevigatus (Fabricius), 1781 tobagoensis synonomized); Breuning, Ammodonus ciliatus (Champion), 1896 1962:9,10 (as ssp. Anaedus species tobagoensis [type locality]) Blapstinus buqueti Champion, 1885; Marcuzzi, araneiformis fulvescens Dillon, 1962: 23, 36, 43; 1977: 26, 47; 1984: 80. 1957: 151 [paratype]; Duffy, 1960:236 (as Calymmus cucullatus Pascoe, 1871 Lagocheirus araneiformis) Corticeus species Lepturges species Liodema serricorne Bates, 1873 Lochmaeocles zonatus Dillon and Dillon, 1946: Neomidia deltocera Triplehorn, 1965 214 [Type locality] Opatrinus gemellatus Olivier, 1795; Marcuzzi, Megaderus stigma (Linnaeus), 1758; Duffy, 1962: 31; 1977: 22,47; 1984: 78 1960: 411 Palorus subdepressus Wollaston, 1864 rufus Olivier, 1895 Paratenetus species Stenodontes dasytomus (Say), 1823;Duffy, 1960: Phaleria angustata Chevrolat, 1878; Marcuzzi, 62 [as Stenodontes (s. g. Mallodon) dasytomus] 1977: 34, 39 Stizocera species Phaleria picipes Say, 1824 Taeniotes species, Guppy, 1911: 14 Platydema guatemalense Champion, 1886 Tethystola species

137. Oedemeridae 150. Bruchidae (identifications courtesy of J.M. Hypasclera species Kingsolver) Oxycopis species Acanthoscelides apicalis (Sharp), 1885 Paroxacis species Acanthoscelides dominicana Johnson, 1986 Acanthoscelides johnique Johnson, 1986: 267 139. Meloidae Acanthoscelides zeteki Kingsolver, 1969. Tetraonyx species (from Epicharis bee nest) Amblycerus, 2 undescribed species Caryedes clitoriae (Gyllenhal), 1839 140. (data courtesy of D. Pollock) Ctenocolum crotonae Fahraeus, 1839; Johnson Physcius species and Kingsolver, 1981: 418 Ctenocolum podagricus (Fabricus), 1801; 145. (data courtesy of D. Pollock) Alvarez-Marin and Kingsolver, 1997: 219 Lanthanus species Megacerus cubicus Motschulsky, 1874;Johnson Prostominiinae, undetermined genus and and Kingsolver, 1981: 411 species Meibomeus panamensis Kingsolver and Whitehead, 1976 146. Merobruchus columbinus (Sharp), 1885 undetermined genus, 2 species Sennius rufomaculatus (Motschoulsky), 1874; Alvarez-Marin and Kingsolver, 1997: 220 147. Sennius, 2 species undetermined genus, 4 species 151. Chrysomelidae (identification courtesy of E.G. 148. Riley) undetermined genus, 2 species Acalymma species, gouldi species group Acalymma species, peregrinum species group 18 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

Agroiconota tristriala (Fabricius), 1792 Zepherina trinidadensis Weise, 1929; Wilcox, 1983: Agrostema species 78 Alagoasa species Allocolaspis species Superfamily Curculionoidea Antitypona species Asphaera species 153. Aulacochalamys species Euxenus species Brachypnoea species Euparinus species Capraita species Ormiscus species Cerotoma salvinii Baly, 1866 Toxonotus species Chaetocnema, 2 species Chalepus species 159. (determinations courtesy of R.A. Charidotella zona (Fabricius), 1801; Borowiec, Anderson) 1996: 149 Acamptus species Charidotella species Anchonus, 2 species Chlamisus species Anthonomus species Colaspis melanchalica group Apion species Colaspis, 2 species Baradini, 9 genera, 9 species Cryptocephalus species Baris, 2 species Diabrotica, 2 species Caulophilus species Diachus species Catolethrus species Diaphaulaca, 3 species Cleogonus armatus Champion, 1904 Epitrix species Conotrachelus cristatus Fahraeus, 1837 Glyptina, 3 species Conotrachelus tuberosus Fielder, 1840 Griburius species Conotrachelus, 3 species Gynandrobrotica species Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, 1824; Heikertingerella, 3 species Freemanl925: 24 (as "plantain weevil"; later Hypolampsis ? species identified as C. sordidus, Imperial Bureau of Lexiphanes species Entomology, 1925:493; Stell, 1935: 50; Urich, Longitarsus, 2 species 1925: 40; Ali et al., 1973 Luperaltica group, species Cossonus species Lysathia species Crionyx, 2 species Microctenochira fraterna (Boheman), 1850 Cryptorhynchus formosus Chevrolat, 1906 Microctenochia reticulata (DeGeer), 1775; Cryptorhynchus, 3 species Borowiec, 1996: 201 Cryptorhynchini, 9 genera, 9 species Monomacra group, 3 species Dryopthorous species Myochrous species Dynamis borrassi Fabricius, 1801: Neobroticapraeclara Weise, 1929; Blake, 1966: Wattanapongsira, 1966: 203 (Tobago 306 misspelled as "Tabago"; but Panama (Tabogo) Neolema, 2 species clearly not intended). Nesaecrepidia, probably rufomarginata Blake, Eubulus, 4 species 1964 Eugnamptus species "Oulema" species Geraeus, 5 species Pachy brachis species Hilipinus species Phaedon species Hiotus species Phenrica species Hypocoeloides, 5 species Schematiza cordiae Barber, 1947; Simmonds, Huaca species 1949: 276 Laemosaccus species Strabala species Lechriops canescens Champion, 1906 Syphrea species Lechriops, 3 species Systena s-littera (Linnaeus), 1758 Lepilius species Trichobrotica species Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus), 1764 Yingaresca species Microhyus species INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 19

Oxyptenopterus, 2 species Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius), 1775 Paranchonus species Xyleborus species Penestes species Xylosandrus rnorigel-us (Blandford), 1894 Phyllerythrurus sanguinolentus Olivier, 1790: Blackwelder, 1944: 912 Acknowledgements Piazorhinus species Plocamus species The field work of SBP was partly supported by Prionarthrus species research grants from the Natural Sciences and Promecops, 3 species Engineering Council of Canada. Field work in Trin- Prosaldius, 5 species idad and Tobago was greatly aided by Dr. C. K. Pseudanchonus species Starr. Field work of JDH (1979) was supported by Pseudanthonomus species The Organization of American States and Earth- Pseudapotrepus species watch and recent library research by the Tobago Pseudopinara species House ofAssembly, Scarborough, Tobago. The Flor- Psomus species ida State Collection of Arthropods provided many Rhinanisus ? species unsorted beetle specimens. The many taxonomic Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus), 1764; specialists are thanked for contributing identifica- Urich, 1911: 7; Urich and Guppy, 1911: 7; tions. Without their help such contributions to Devinish, 1913: 325; Griffith, 1979: 365; summaries of species diversity are not possible. Maharaj, 1964: 3; Wattanapongsira, 1966: 56; Gerber and Gilbin-Davis, 1990: 143, 144 Literature Cited Rhysornatus, 2 species Sibariops species Ali, R., V. Thomasos, K. Morton-Gittens, W. Zygopini, genus, species Augustin-Coryat, K. Beckles, and G. Bally. Zygops species 1973. Land Capability Studies. Phase 11. Trin- Platypodinae (identification courtesy of D. Bright) idad and Tobago. Report no. 8. Agriculture in Platypus parallelus Fabricius, 1801 Tobago. Ministry of Planning and Develop- Platypus hians Chapuis, 1865 ment [Trinidad and Tobago], iv+99 pp. Scolytinae (identifications courtesy of D. Bright) Alvarez-Marin, M. D., and J. M. Kingsolver. Araptus hymenaceae (Eggers), 1933 1997. A preliminary list of the Bruchidae (Co- Chaetophloeus mandibularis Bright, 1981: 160 leoptera) of Cuba. Entomological News 108: [Type locality] 215-221. Crtesinus species Arnett, R. H., Jr. 1983a. Family 34. Scarabaeidae, Coccotrypes carpophagus (Hornung), 1842 the scarab beetles. [completed April, 19741, Corthylus species (near minimus Wood, 1975) 120pp., In: Arnett, R. H., Jr. and others (compil- Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn), 1912 ers and editors). 1983. Checklist of Beetles of Dryocoetoides cristatus (Fabricius), 1801 North and Central America and the West In- Gymnochilus reitteri Eichhoff, 1878 dies. Volume 3. The Scarab Beetles, Buprestid Hypothenemus birmanus (Eichhoff), 1878 Beetles, and Related Groups. North American Hypothenemus cylindricus Hopkins, 1915 Beetle Fauna Series. Flora and Fauna Publica- Hypothenemus eruditus (Westwood), 1836 tions, Gainesville, Florida, pages varied. Hypothenemus plumerira (Nordliner), 1856 Arnett, R. H., Jr. 198313. Family 119. Oedemer- Hypothenemus rotundicollis (Eichhoff), 1878 idae, the false blister beetles. Revised edition: Hypothenemus squamosus (Hopkins), 1915 correct through February, 1983. 6 pp., In: Ar- Microborus boops Blandford, 1897 nett, R. H., Jr. and other (compilers and edi- Phloeotribus squamatus Wood, 1982 tors). 1985. Checklist of beetles of North and Pycnarthrum species Central America and the West Indies. Volume Pycnarthrum hispidum (Ferrari), 1867 6. The Darkling Beetles, Strepsiptera, and Re- Scolytodes prob. guayanaensis (Schedl), 1937 lated Groups. North American Beetle Fauna Trischidias species Series. Flora and Fauna Publications, Gaines- Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 ville, Florida, pages varied Xyleborus asper Eggers, 1933 Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), 1801 20 Volume 16. No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI 1 I

Arnett, R. H. Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). 2001. West Indies, and South America. United States American Beetles; vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Ra- NationalMuseum Bulletin 185. Reprinted 1982. ton, Florida. 443 pp. Blackwelder, R. E. 1983. Family 27. Staphylin- Arrow, G. J. 1913. Synopsis of the melolonthid idae [completed July, 19731,167pp., In: Arnett, genus Ancistrosonta, with descriptions of new R. H., Jr. and others (compilers and editors). species and an allied new genus. The Annals 1983. Checklist of the Beetles of North and and Magazine of Natural History 12: 424-433. Central America and the West Indies. Volume Ball, G. E. 1992. Geographical distribution and 2. The Rove Beetles and Related Groups. North evolution of the Selenophori () and American Beetle Fauna Series. Flora and Fau- Apenes LeConte () in the Antilles (Co- na Publications, Gainesville, Florida, pages leoptera: Carabidae), pp. 79-121, In: G.R. Noon- varied. an, G.E. Ball and N.E. Stork (eds.), Biogeogra- Blake, D. H. 1966. A review of the beetles of the phy of ground beetles of mountains and islands. genus Neobrotica and some closely related gen- Intercept Ltd., U.K., pp. vii+256. era. Proceedings of the United States National Barcant, M. 1970. Butterflies of Trinidad and Museum 118: 267-372. Tobago. Collins, London. 314 pp. Blandford, W. F. H. 1892. Sugar-cane borers in Beard, J. S. 1944. The natural vegetation of the the West Indies. The Agricultural Record (Offi- island of Tobago, British West Indies. Ecologi- cial Journal of the Central Agricultural Board cal Monographs 14: 135-163. of Trinidad), October, 1892, pp. 103-137. Bennett, F. D. 1952. Report on a visit to Tobago, Borowiec, L. 1996. Faunistic records of Neotropi- September 4-13, 1952. Commonwealth Insti- cal (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). tute of Biological Control. 6 pp. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 65: 119-251. Bennett, F. D., and M. M. Alam. 1985. An anno- Breuning, S. 1962. Revision des tated checklist of the insects and allied terres- Muls. americains (Col. Cerambycidae). Pesqui- trial arthropods of Barbados. Caribbean Agri- sas Zoologia 13: 1-48+ 9 figures, 2 unnumbered culture Research and Development Institute index pages. (CARDI), Bridgetown, Barbados. 81 pp. Bright, D. E. 1981. Studies on West Indian Sco- Bennett, F. D., and F. J. Simmonds. 1964. Dis- lytidae (Coleoptera) I. New species, new distri- tribution and host records of Coccinellidae in bution records and taxonomic notes. Studies on the Caribbean area. Commonwealth Institute Neotropical Fauna and Environment 16: 151- of Biological Control, Commonweallth Agricul- 164 tural Bureaux, Technical Bulletin 4: 81-94 Cartwright, 0.L., and F. E. Chalumeau. 1987. Bennett, F. D., and M. Yaseen. 1978a. Investiga- Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonianbiological survey tions on the natural enemies of mealy- of Dominica. The superfamily Scarabaeoidea bugs (Phenacoccus spp.) in the Neotropics. Re- (Coleoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to port for April 1977 - March 1978. Common- Zoology no. 279: iv+32 ppl wealth Institute of Biological Control, Cuepe, Chapin, E. A. 1940. A revision of the West Indian Trinidad, 4 pp. beetles of the scarabaeid subfamily Aphodinae. Bennett, F. D., and M. Yaseen. 1978b. Biological Proceedings of the United States National control of cassava mealybugs, Phenacoccus spp. Museum 89 (no. 3092): 1-41. (for IDRC, Canada - CIBC No. 442, started Cock, M. J. W. 1982. The skipper butterflies (Hes- April 1977), pp.55-57, In: Commonwealth Agri- teriidae) of Trinidad. Part 11. A systematic list cultural Bureaux, Commonwealth Institute of of the Trinidad and Tobago Hesperiidae. Occa- Biological Control, Report of Work Carried out sional Paper No. 5, Department of Zoology, January 1977 - March 1978, West Indian Sta- University of the West Indies, Trinidad, ii+47pp. tion, pp. 54-66. Comeau, P. L. 1991-1992. Geological events influ- Blackwelder, R. 1943. Monograph of the West encing natural vegetation in Trinidad. Living Indian beetles of the family Staphylinidae. World, Journal of the Trinidad & Tobago Field United States National Museum Bulletin 182: Naturalists Club, 29-38. xiii+658 pp. Comeau, P. L. Guy, E. Heesterman, and C. Blackwelder, R. 1944. Checklist of the Coleopter- Hull. 1992. The Trinidad and Tobago Field ous Insects of , Central America, the Naturalist's Club trail guide. Imprint Caribbe- an Ltd., Port of Spain, Trinidad. 276 pp. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 21

Comellini, A. 1985. Notes sur les Ps6laphides ditidae): an associate of Rhynchophorus pal- n6otropicaux (Coleotera). - La tribu des Pyx- marum and R. cruentatus. Journal of Nematol- idicerini. Revue Suisse Zoologie 92: 707-759. ogy 22: 337-347. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Con- Gordon, R. D. 1980. The tribe Azyini (Coleoptera: trol. 1977.West IndianStation, Commonwealth Coccinellidae): historical reviews and taxonom- Institute of Biological Control, Quarterly Re- ic revision. Transactions of the American Ento- port for October - December 1977, 3pp. mological Society 106: 149-196. Devinish, A. 1913. Report of the assistant ento- Griffith, R. 1979. The major coconut pests and mologist. Bulletin of the Department of Agri- diseases of Trinidad and Tobago and Latin culture, Trinidad and Tobago (July-December, America. Journal of the Agricultural Society of 1912): 325 Trinidad and Tobago 78(3): 200-217. Dillon, L. S. 1957. Revision of the Neotropical Grove, S. J., and N. E. Stork. 2000. An inordinate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). 11. fondness for beetles. Invertebrate The genus Lagochierus. Bulletin of the British 14: 733-739. Museum (Natural History), Entomology 6: 1- Guppy, P. L. 1911. Insect notes for the year 1910- 166. 1911. Board of Agriculture, Trinidad, Circular Dillon, L. S., and E. S. Dillon. 1946. The tribe 3: 3-14. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Part Hackett, I<. J., R. F. Whitcomb, J. G. Tully, J. E. 11. Reading Public Museum and Art Gallery, Lloyd, J. J. Anderson, T. B. Clark, R. B. Scientific Publications 6: 187-413, 17 plates. Henegar, D. L. Rose, E. A. Clark, and J. L. Duffy, E. A. 1960. A monograph of the immature Vaughn. 1992. Lampyridae (Coleoptera): a stages of Neotropical timber beetles (Ceramby- plethora of Mollicue associations. Microbial cidae). British Museum (Natural History), 327 Ecology 23: 181-193. PP- Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1982. Biogeography of Tobago, Endrijdy-Younga, S. 1998. The genus Clambus in West Indies, with special reference to amphib- Central and South America (Coleoptera: Eu- ians and reptiles: a review. Bulletin of the cinetoidea: Clambidae). Annals of the Trans- Maryland Herpetological Society 18(2): 37-141. vaal Museum 36: 373-403. Herman, J. H., Jr. 1972. Revision of Bledius and Flint, 0.S., Jr. 1996. Studies of Neotropical cad- related genera. Part I. The aequatorialis, man- disflies LV: Trichoptera of Trinidad and Toba- dibularis, and serniferugineus groups and two go. Transactions of the American Entomologi- new genera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Ox- cal Society 122(3+4):67-113. ytelinae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Frank, J. H., F. D. Bennett, and H. L. Cromroy. Natural History 149: iii + 354 pp. 1992. Distribution and prey records for Oligota Herman, J. H., 3r. 1986. Revision of Bledius. Part minuta (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a predator IV. Classification of species groups, phylogeny, of mites. Florida Entomologist 75: 376-380. natural history, andcatalogue (Coleoptera, Sta- Freeman, W. G. 1925. Administrative Report of phylinidae, ). Bulletin of the Amer- the Director of Agriculture for the year 1924. ican Museum of Natural History 184 (1): 1-368. Council Paper No. 52 of 1925. Laid before the Herman, J. H., Jr. 2001. Catalogue of the Sta- Legislative Council on the 15th May, 1925. phylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad, 26 pp. end of the second millennium. Parts I to VII. Freitag, R. 1992. Biogeography of West Indian Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural tiger beetles, pp. 123-158, In: G.R. Noonan, History 265. 4218 pp. G.E. Ball and N.E. Stork (eds.), Biogeography Hinton, H. E. 1971. The Elmidae (Coleoptera) of of ground beetles of mountains and islands. Trinidad and Tobago. Bulletin of the British Intercept Ltd., U.K., viii+256. Museum (Natural History), Entomology 26: Galileo, M. H. M., and U. R. Martins. 1988. 246-265. Notas sobre Agapanthiini (Coleoptera, Ceram- Hinton, H. E. 1972. The Venezuelan species of bycidae, ). I. Hippopis do grupo So- (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Proceedings langeae. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 32: of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 179-185. Series B, Taxonomy 41 (2): 133-144. Gerber, K., and R. M. Geblin-Davis. 1990. Ter- Hynes, H. B. N. 1948. Notes on the aquatic Hemi- atorhabditis palmarum n. sp. (Nemata: Rhab- ptera-Heteroptera of Trinidad and Tobago, B. 22 Volume 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002, INSECTA MUNDI

W. I., with a description of a new species of Longstaff, G. B. 1912. Butterfly hunting in many Martarega B. White (). Transac- lands. Notes of a field naturalist. Longmans, tions of the Royal Entomological Society of Green, and Co., London, xviii+11+728 pp. London 99 (10): 341-360. Maharaj, S. 1964. The development of the palm Imperial Bureau of Entomology. 1917. [Ab- weevil in felled coconut trees. Journal of the stract]. "Urich (F. W.). Insect pests in Trinidad. Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago - Entomologist's Report, Minutes meeting Bd. 64(1): 67-74 Agric., Trinidad, 1916, pp. 1-56". The Review of Makham, D. 1997. Twenty-six new Scydmaenidae Applied Entomology 5, Series A: Agriculture species from South America (Coleoptera: Scyd- (Part 4): 171. maenidae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Imperial Bureau of Entomology. 1925. [Ab- Nationalis Hungarica 89: 123-136. stract]. "Freeman (W. G.). Plant Pathology. - Marcuzzi, G. 1962. Tenebrionid beetles of the Rept. Dept. Agric. Trinidad and Tobago, 1924, West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao pp. 22-24. Trinidad, 1925". Review of Applied and other Caribbean Islands 13: 21-48. Entomology 13, Series A: Agriculture (Part Marcuzzi, G. 1977. Further studies on Caribbean 10):493. tenebrionid beetles. Studies on the Fauna of Iturralde-Vinent,, M. A. and R. D. E. MacPhee. Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 170: 1-66. 1999. Paleogeography of the Caribbean Region: Marcuzzi, G. 1984. A catalogue of tenebrionid Implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bulle- beetles (Coleoptera: Heteromera) of the West tin of the American Museum of Natural History Indies. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 45: 69- 238: 1-95. 108. Jackson, T. A., and S. K. Donovan. 1994. Toba- Nichols, S. W. 1988. Kaleidoscopic biogeography go, pp. 193-207, In: Donovan, S. K. and T. A. of West Indian (Coleoptera: Cara- Jackson. 1994. Caribbean Geology: An Intro- bidae), pp. 71-115, In: J. K. Liebherr (ed.), duction. The University of the West Indies Zoogeography of Caribean Insects, Comstoclc Publisher's Association, Mona, Kingston, Ja- Publishing Associates, Cornell University maica, iii+289pp. Presss, Ithaca and London, iit-285 pp. Johnson, C. D. 1986. Acanthoscelides johnique, Nieser, N., and M. Alkins-Koo. 1991. The water new species (Coleopera: Bruchidae) from the bugs of Trinidad and Tobago. Occasional Paper West Indies. Coleopterists Bulletin 40: 265- 9, Universiy of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 268. Trinidad, iii+127 pp. Johnson, C. D., and J. M. Kingsolver. 1981. Park, O., J. Wagner, and M. W. Sanderson. Checklist of the Bruchidae (Coleoptera) of Can- 1976. Review of the pselaphid beetles of the ada, United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Fieldi- and the West Indies. Coleopterists Bulletin 35: ana: Zoology 68: 1-90. 409-422. Ray, E. 1939 (1941). A taxonomic study of Neotro- Klirnaszewski, J., and F. GQnier.1987. A revi- pica1 beetles of the family Mordellidae, with sion of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylin- Unites States National Museum 87 (no. 3075): idae, ). Supplement and new dis- 271-314. tribution data and description of new species. Redd, S. 1982. Blacklight trapping on Tobago. Coleopterists Bulletin 41: 241-248. Naturalist Magazine 4(7): 24-26. Lack, D. 1976. Island Biology, Illustrated by the Robertson, P., and K. Burke. 1989. Evolution of Land Birds of Jamaica. Studies in Ecology. the Caribbean Plate boundary, vicinity of Trin- Volume 3. University of California Press, Ber- idad and Tobago. The American Association of keley and Los Angeles, xvii+445pp. Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 73(4): 490-509. Lawrence, J. F., and A. I?. Newton. 1995. Fam- Schuster, J. C. 1992. Passalidae: state of larval ilies and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with select- taxonomy with description of New World spe- ed genera, notes, references and data on family cies. Florida Entomologist 75: 357-369. group names. In J. Pakaluk and S.A. Slipinski Seevers, C. H. 1957. A monograph on the termito- (editors), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classifica- philous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana: tion of Coleoptera.. Museum i Instytut Zoologii z0010gy 40: 1-334. PAN, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 779-1006. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 2 3

Simmonds, F. J. 1949. Insects attacking Cordia Wagenaar Hummelinck, P. 1983. Additional macrostachys (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult in the notes on Caribbean tiger-beetles of the genera West Indies. 11. Schematiza cordiae Barb. (Co- Cicindela and Megacephala. Studies on the leoptera, Galerucidae). Canadian Entomologist fauna of Cura~aoand other Caribbean Islands 81: 275-276. 65: 69-135. Skelley, P. 1998. Revision of the genus Ischyrus Wattanapongsira, A. 1966. A revision of the gen- Lacordaire (1842) of North and Central Amer- era Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: ica (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritominae). Occa- Curculionidae). Department of Agriculture Sci- sional Papers Florida State Collection of Ar- ence Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, thropods 9: 1-130. Bangkok, Thailand 1: ivt-328 pp. Starr, C. I(., and H. Nelson. 1995. Regulations Wilcox, J. A. 1983. Family 129. Chrysomelidae and procedures for collecting land arthropods [completed January, 19751, 166 pp. In: Arnett, in Trinidad and Tobago. Insect Collection News R H., Jr. and others (compilers and authors). NO. 10: 16-17. 1983. Checklist of the beetles of North and Stell, F. 1935. Report of Mycologist, 1934, p. 47-50, Central America and the West Indies. Volume In: Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and 8. The Leaf Beetles and the Bean . Tobago, 1935. Administrative Report of the North American Beetle Fauna Series. Flora Director of Agriculture for the year 1934. Coun- and Fauna Publications, Gainesville, Florida. cil Paper (72) of 1935. Government Printing Pages varied. Office, Trinidad, 56pp. Woodruff, R. E. 1973. Arthropods of Florida and Stirling, P. D. 1986. Butterflies and other insects neighboring land areas. Volume 8. The scarab of the eastern Caribbean. Macmillan Publish- beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). ers Ltd., London and Basingstoke. 85 pp. Part I. The Laparosticti (Subfamilies: Hybosori- Urich, F. W. 1911. Report of the entomologist. nae, Ochodaeinae, Geotrupinae, Acantherocer- Board of Agriculture, Trinidad. Circular 2: 5-8. inae). Florida Department of Agriculture and Urich, F. W. 1925. The plantain weevil. Bulletin of Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and xi+220 pp. Tobago 11: 40-42. Woodruff, R. E., B. M. Beck, P. E. Skelley, C. Y. Urich, F. W., and P. L. Guppy. 1911. Preliminary L. Schotman, and M. C. Thomas. 1997. notes on some insects affecting the coconut Checklist and bibliography of the insects of palm. Board of Agriculture, Trinidad and Toba- Grenada and the Grenadines. Sandhill Crane go, Circular 5: 1-30, 3 plates. Press, Gainesville, FL. 286 pp.