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Submissions for the December 2005 issue of Ellipsaria may be sent to the editor at any time but are due by November 8, 2005. Anyone may submit an article but you must be a member of FMCS to receive Ellipsaria. Please limit submissions to about one page. Categories for contributions include news, new publications, meeting announcements, current issues affecting mollusks, job postings, contributed articles (including ongoing research projects), abstracts, and society committee reports. Electronic submissions are preferred; contact the editor with any questions. Note that submissions are not peer reviewed, but are checked for content and general editing.

Please send change of address information to the Secretary, Patty Morrison.


 




 
 

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President's Message

The Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society has completed its Fourth Biennial Symposium. Those of you unable to attend the meeting last May in St. Paul missed an exceptional opportunity to hear about and discuss new insights into a wide variety of issues, including increased genetic understanding, behavioral differences in species, advances in conservation technology and captive husbandry, and improved measures of contaminant sensitivity. FMCS developed, in part, because other professional societies addressing freshwater invertebrate biology and conservation failed to recognize the unique challenges involved in insuring that the diversity of freshwater mollusks in North America persists. To many outside of our Society, including many in resource management and regulatory agencies, these animals are simply mussels, clams, or snails. The research that is occurring and the results that were presented in St. Paul continue to elucidate how important understanding even subtle differences can be in developing effective conservation strategies. Numerous people approached me in St. Paul to express their appreciation of the effort the meeting organizers put into developing a professional, informative meeting. I again want to thank Kurt Welke for taking the lead in organizing this meeting, and again recognize the effort and time the other organizers contributed.

The exchange of information and education regarding freshwater mollusk conservation are among the primary missions of FMCS, along with advocating mollusk conservation, promoting science-based management decisions, and facilitating the National Strategy for the Conservation of Native Freshwater Mussels. We accomplish these goals through symposia and workshops on alternating years, the publication of Ellipsaria, occasionally promoting more substantial publications, and, we hope in the near future, with the publication of a professional journal. At the last Board meeting, we agreed to review the National Strategy and update the tasks to keep the document relevant. If you have thoughts you would like to have considered in a revised National Strategy, I ask that you send them to me or to one of the Committee Chairs.

The goals of the Society are primarily accomplished by the nine standing Committees. These Committees identify issues and opportunities to advance mollusk conservation, and their success depends on members sharing their talents. Ours is a voluntary society – accomplishments are achieved solely by the time and efforts donated by our members. The ability to commit time to a particular issue is at the member's discretion and can be substantial or relatively minor, but is always important. Those who have been in FMCS for a few years may have noticed a core of a relatively few people serving on the board, although our by-laws are designed to keep membership rotating through these positions. There are many opportunities for you to lend your experience and passion to help meet the Society's goals. I encourage every Society member to become involved with the committees that interest you by contacting the appropriate Committee Chair.

This issue of Ellipsaria should reach most you in toward the end of the field season – I hope your summer has been safe and productive. Bob Anderson, FMCS President 1

A presentation was made to the membership about Little Rock, Arkansas that was put together by the convention and FMCS Reports visitors bureau. Bids have been received from the Peabody Hotel, Doubletree Hotel and the Wyndham Riverfront. Bids have been presented to the board for review and evaluation. FMCS Officer Election Results The proposed symposium date is March 17-20, 2007 to accommodate the added day for the workshop. Steven Ahlstedt (USGS (retired), Knoxville, Tennessee) was elected as President. He will serve for 6 years – Committees President-Elect (2 yrs), President (2 yrs), Past President (2 yrs) – beginning in May 2005. The new committee chairs were introduced. Awards – Greg Cope Patricia Morrison (USFWS – Ohio River Islands NWR, Environmental Quality and Affairs – Dick Biggins and Al Parkersburg, West Virginia) was elected as Secretary and Buchanan will serve for 2 years beginning in May 2005. Gastropod Status and Distribution – Paul Johnson, chair and Ellen Strong, co-chair Guidelines and Techniques – John van Hassel FMCS Business Meeting Minutes Information Exchange – Kevin Cummings Mussel Status and Distribution – Kevin Roe FMCS Business Meeting Outreach – Kurt Welke May 24, 2005 Propagation, Restoration & Introduction – Jess Jones St. Paul, Minnesota New Business Treasurer’s Report The subject of forming chapters was brought to the board for The society has taken in approximately $31,000 this year, discussion. Chapters may be more effective in dealing with $10,000 brought in with this symposium. Approximately local issues affecting freshwater mollusks. Forming chapters $90,000 is in the society account, some of which will be will require a change to the society bylaws. This topic will used to pay the expenses associated with the symposium and be in the next Ellipsaria. start up funds for the journal. The 2003 symposium auction generated about $4000, which went to paying for student Awards Presentations travel awards and best student platform and poster A special UMRCC award was presented to Kurt Welke in presentation awards. recognition of his tireless work and efforts for conservation of freshwater mussels in the upper Mississippi River. Tom Watters as president urged the membership to join and become active in the committees of the society and restated Student Awards that the board meeting is open to all members. The society Almost a third of the 130 presentations at this symposium plans to revise the strategy for conservation of freshwater are being given by students. Greg Cope thanked the mussels, which will be handled through the committees. members of the awards committee, Catherine Gatenby, Join a committee and be a part of revising this important David Berg, Theresa Newton, and Cristi Milam Bishop, and document. encouraged more members to participate on the committee.

2006 Workshop The Student Travel Award has expanded from the previous The society sponsored 2 very successful workshops in 2004. symposium with awards presented to 14 students to help The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium is proposing a workshop defray the cost of travel to participate in this symposium. for March 2006, focusing on propagation and holding, health The society was able to fund every student that applied with and condition of animals in captivity. Other topics are also a cash award of $285 each. These students also volunteered under consideration. to work various activities (registration, raffle, etc.) at this symposium. 2007 Symposium The 5th biennial symposium will be held in Little Rock, Best Student Presentation Awards: Arkansas. A brief summary of the board’s discussion on The Best Student Platform Presentation was awarded to options for the symposium and workshop was presented and Daniel Spooner of the University of Oklahoma. Daniel’s the membership was given 3 options on which to vote: presentation was titled “Physiological ecology of freshwater 1) Hold a 2006 workshop on both propagation/holding and mussel communities: effects of temperature on community habitat restoration and expand the workshop by 1 day; structure and ecological services.” Honorable mention was 2) Hold a special session on habitat restoration at the 2007 awarded to Pascal Irmscher of the University of Wisconsin symposium; and for his presentation titled “The use of acoustic doppler 3) Hold a 1-day workshop on habitat restoration the day current profiler system in acquiring complex hydraulic before the 2007 symposium. variables for the prediction of freshwater mussel distribution The membership voted for option 3. in a large river.”

2

The business meeting will be held Tuesday evening at 8 The Best Student Poster Presentation was awarded to pm. The committee chairs will be introduced and Tom will Elizabeth Ashcraft of Arkansas State University for her emphasize to the membership to become active committee poster titled “Use of relic shells to determine time since members. mortality.” Honorable mention was awarded to Benjamin Dodd of Southwest Missouri State University for his poster Committee Reports titled “Persistence of acquired resistance of largemouth bass It was suggested by all committee chairs that the committees to glochidia of a unionid mussel.” should not all be meeting at the same time at future symposiums. Winners of the best student platform and poster presentations were awarded a plaque and a $500 cash award Awards for which they are encouraged to use to fund travel to Greg Cope reported that approximately 25-30% of the 130 another scientific meeting to present their award winning presentations are being given by students, a sign the society presentations. The award winners will be posted to the is healthy and growing. Dave Berg handled the student society web page. The committee recognized all judges and travel awards. In 2005 there were 14 applicants compared to moderators that facilitated getting judges for the student 4 applicants at the 2003 symposium. Each student has been platform presentations. The awards committee has decided awarded $285 to defray travel costs of attending the that an honorable mention will be awarded at future symposium. There will be 2 student award presentations: symposiums to student platform and poster runner-up. best student platform and best student poster presentations. Judges are being chosen 2 ways: session moderators will FMCS Professional Award Presentation request full FMCS members to evaluate student The society has several professional awards to recognize the presentations and the awards committee has chosen a accomplishments of full members of the society and the number of judges to evaluate the presentations. Judges for membership is encouraged to submit nominations. The poster presentations were chosen prior to the symposium. Lifetime Achievement Award was established in 1998 and The results of the platform and poster evaluations will be has been presented every 2 years at the society symposiums. tallied and ready to hand out awards at the business meeting The 2005 recipient of the FMCS Lifetime Achievement Tuesday evening. Students will receive a plaque and $500 Award was Steve Ahlstedt in recognition of more than 30 cash award. Student award winners will be encouraged to years of dedicated service to conservation of freshwater use the cash award to present their award winning mollusks and as one of the founding members of FMCS. presentation at another professional meeting. Greg The award was presented by Dick Neves, Tom Watters, Bob requested the membership be reminded at the auction that all Butler, and Dick Biggins. money raised goes directly to the student awards. If the auction generates $5000 the society should clear between New FMCS Officers $3000 and $4000. Professional level awards will be given at The new president-elect is Steve Ahlstedt and the new the business meeting. The society needs to do a better job at secretary is Patricia Morrison. Tom Watters as outgoing recognizing its full members. The FMCS professional president presented the president’s hat to Bob Anderson as awards are the Lifetime Achievement Award, the William J. the new president. Thank you Tom for serving as president Clench Memorial Award and the Meritorious Service of FMCS, an extended term at that. Award.

Commercial FMCS Board Meeting Minutes Don Hubbs reported there are 250 commercial shellers operating in the states of TN, AL, KY and AR with 95% of FMCS Board Meeting the shell coming out of TN. About 2000 to 3000 tons of May 23, 2005 mussel shell is being exported annually. Competition from St. Paul, MN China, which uses mostly non-bead pearly, will likely keep exports low. A brief report on funding and membership status was presented. The society has approximately $90,000 in Environmental Quality and Affairs operating funds. Money for the symposium was received The new committee co-chairs are Dick Biggins and Al from MICRA, $1000 from the Virginia Department of Game Buchanan. Several issues were discussed: and Inland Fisheries, $5000 from the Mussel Mitigation 1. The Big Sunflower EIS is due this fall and the Trust, and $5000 from UMRCC. There were 180 pre- committee will review the document with the help of th registrations for the 4 biennial symposium with a number Paul Hartfield. of walk-ins expected. The society membership [pre- 2. A subcommittee was formed to work on the black water symposium] includes 280 members that have paid 2005 dues events in the Clinch and Powell Rivers due to coal and 199 who are current through 2004 for a total of 479. fines. Jerry Ferris, Bill Henley and John Schmerfeld are the subcommittee members. They will draft a letter Business Meeting focusing on a strategy to solve the problem.

3 3. Potential draining of Devil’s Lake. Though the lake Kevin Cummings is the committee chair. Chris Mayer goes through wet and dry cycles it does have a mussel handles the society web page and the society newsletter fauna. During a long dry cycle people have moved in Ellipsaria. Award winners will be placed on the web page; and now they are being flooded. The Army COE is committee pages are available. The mailing of Ellipsaria is trying to fight draining the lake but the state of North a major effort/cost, so the committee agreed that after FMCS Dakota wants it drained. Heidi Dunn will keep the starts publishing Walkerana, future newsletters be sent as a committee apprised of a decision, letting the committee pdf file to the membership, leaving a few to be mailed to know when it is time to send a letter to the COE. those members without email. The committee met with Jack 4. The committee decided to pass in writing a Burch to discuss Walkerana. Dr. Burch will publish a recommendation to the Propagation Committee to 2003/2004 issue before turning the journal over to the develop a white paper on issues dealing with the society. FMCS will use the $3000 approved by the board at collecting and over-collecting of host fish, such as its last meeting to print 500 copies of the next issue for disease and genetic issues, and collecting from stream FMCS members. where numbers are already low. The out-going chair will prepare the recommendation to send to the chair of Mussel Status and Distribution the Propagation Committee. Committee chair is Kevin Roe. The mussel distribution 5. Upcoming workshop (2008?) focusing on the topic of accounts that have been received will be posted on the water quality, demonstrating the new techniques society webpage. The committee has not yet decided coming out of SETAC. This topic could also be a whether to have pdf files of the accounts or print a single special session at the 2007 symposium. The new page to be mailed with the newsletter. techniques should be out by this fall. Chris Ingersoll of USGS will be sending a second draft of a standard Outreach entitled “Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Committee chair is Kurt Welke. The pop-up society display Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels” for balloting is available for members to use at other meetings and can be through ASTM Subcommittee E47.03 on sediment changed/updated. assessment and toxicology and through the E47 Main Committee on Biological Effects and Environmental Propagation, Restoration and Introduction Fate. The guidelines will meet EPA rigor and will be Committee chair is Jess Jones. He reported 18 members included in future water quality criteria. attended the committee meeting. Issues discussed include: 1. Gathering the information to develop a database on Gastropod Status and Distribution juvenile releases and monitoring of juveniles, Paul Johnson was re-elected committee chair and Ellen broodstock, what species are being propagated and Strong was elected co-chair. The gastropod list, similar to where, survival rates, etc. and post to the website. the Williams et al paper on mussels documenting what 2. Prioritizing taxa – how to focus resources. Currently species are where, will go to the AFS endangered species there is no prioritization scheme for mussels. committee and will be given as a poster at the 2005 AFS 3. Compile information to develop guidelines on the Symposium this summer. There is still time to comment on nutritional requirements of juveniles. the list. As soon as the list is formalized the gastropod 4. Explore a white paper on host fish collection/over committee will begin developing a conservation strategy for collection. The white paper can be used as an impetus gastropods in North America. Of note, 3 species thought to to pursue research support to propagate host species. be extinct were found during a recent survey. 2006 Workshop Guidelines and Techniques A workshop focused on habitat restoration was discussed at John van Hassel is chair of the committee. The committee the previous board meeting. Tom Watters said that the will review the Army COE experimental dredge protocol, Columbus Zoo would like to host a workshop on which proposes to skim the top 68 inches of shoal sediment holding/propagation. Use of the facility would be free, so and the mussels (mostly F. ebena) within that layer to lodging would be the only cost. The zoo will hold the relocate elsewhere. The board discussed several options. workshop whether or not FMCS is a sponsor. The workshop One is for the committee to draft an alternative protocol with will be held in September or November 2006. Discussion funding for mitigation, propagation, and restoration using followed on possibly combining the 2 topics into an the mussel kill guidelines. The second option is for FMCS extended workshop: half focused on propagation/holding to come out against the experimental dredging protocol. and half spent on habitat restoration/water quality, or have a There is no way to determine whether the “experiment” will special session/workshop on habitat restoration before the work. The board recommended to the committee that 2007 symposium. A session on health and condition, and another letter be drafted stating the society’s concerns stated long-term chronic effects would also fit with a in the 2003 letter were not addresses, the project should not holding/propagation workshop. go forward, and the COE needs to look at alternatives. After the letter is finalized a copy should be sent to FWS. 2007 Symposium The folks in Arkansas are interested in hosting the 2007 Information Exchange symposium. The Little Rock Visitor Bureau put together a

4 presentation and has solicited several bids. The proposed dietary requirements. Interested members volunteered to date is 18-21 March 2007. The board accepted the Arkansas work-on and develop each project as part of a team. The presentation and will review the bids. A theme has not yet committee anticipates that by the next FMCS symposium in been proposed, and they are open to a special session 2007, progress updates will be given on the team projects. A dedicated to habitat restoration and water quality. A short synopsis of each project follows: presentation will be made at the business meeting.
Biologists are aware that varying degrees of The membership will be given the opportunity to vote on 3 imperilment exist for mussel species listed as endangered. options pertaining to the workshop and symposium at the For example, some species are truly on the verge of business meeting: 1) an expanded workshop, 2) habitat extinction, such as purple catspaw (Epioblasma restoration special session at the symposium, 3) one day obliquata) and the Clinch River form of tan riffleshell workshop before the symposium. (Epioblasma florentina walkeri). These species exist only as single small populations and are vulnerable to an array New Business of potential threats. Whereas other endangered species, It has been 10 years since the strategy for conservation of such as the fanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria) and dwarf freshwater mussels was published. A proposal was made to wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), exist as multiple, the board to have the FMCS committees review pertinent large populations that generally are well protected. sections of the strategy focusing on what has been successful Hence, the goal of this project is to rank endangered and what remains to be accomplished. The strategy is a mussel taxa in the United States based on level of valuable resource for states and other agencies, is used to imperilment. Criteria for ranking will be based on expert obtain funding for research and other work on freshwater opinion, IUCN Red List criteria and other methods used mussels, and has formed the basis of the society. The goal is to assess population viability. Our intent is to create a list to have a revised strategy for the 2007 symposium. This of endangered mussel species that are ranked by their item will be presented at the business meeting and published relative levels of imperilment. Ideally, the list would help in Ellipsaria. Rachel Muir has volunteered to organize this agencies prioritize recovery activities based on a species effort. susceptibility to extinction.

The society has been approached about setting up a sub-
Propagation and release of cultured juveniles has committee on terrestrial gastropods. Discussion was tabled become one of the primary tools to help recover mussel and it will be brought before the membership at the business species. However, no central database exists to deposit meeting. information on propagation and recovery efforts. Thus, the goal of this project is to create a user friendly website Elections and database where folks can input basic data and Steve Ahlstedt is the new President-elect and Patricia information on their propagation projects, such as which Morrison is the new Secretary. species and how many were released, location information, and monitoring efforts. Data would be Leroy Koch has offered to look into why more of the collected and stored in a standardized format and made membership is not interested in being considered for office available to interested and qualified individuals. and getting involved in committees. Bill Henley has offered Concerns were expressed about level of access to the to set up an email survey and Rita will forward a list of public, types of data and information that would be stored membership emails to Bill. Discussion followed on setting in the database, and various aspects of website design and term limits for committee chairs and officers. This item was maintenance. put under further study before proposing an amendment to
Improving our understanding of adult and juvenile the bylaws. mussel nutritional requirements has become one of the hot topics in unionid research and recovery. Several recent papers have implicated natural river water, various algae FMCS Committee Reports species, feed additives, and bacteria as important dietary constituents for mussels. To further stimulate future Propagation and Restoration Committee research into developing better diets for use in the captive Meeting Minutes, St. Paul, MN care and propagation of mussels, the committee will conduct an annotated literature review on freshwater The committee met for 1 hour on Monday, May 16 at the 4th mussel diets and nutritional requirements, and create a list Biennial Symposium of the FMCS, St. Paul, MN. About 20 of people and facilities involved in such research. people were in attendance to discuss new ideas for the committee to pursue over the next 2 years. The following The committee welcomes input and participation on these project ideas were proposed: (1) categorize endangered projects from any interested members of the FMCS, mussel taxa based on relative levels of imperilment, (2) especially students. If folks have a paper on bivalve create a website and database to deposit data on propagation, (freshwater or marine) nutrition that you think the release and monitoring of hatchery reared mussels, and (3) membership should be aware of, please send the citation my organize existing information on mussel nutrition and way to [email protected]. We hope to announce and make the results of these projects available in upcoming 5 issues of Ellipsaria. It was great seeing everyone in St. Comments to either Dan ([email protected]) or Kevin Paul, kudos to another outstanding FMCS symposium! ([email protected]) are welcome!

News & Announcements Publications

Graduate Research Assistantship David C. Campbell, Jeanne M. Serb, Jennifer E. Buhay, Kevin J. Roe, Russell L. Minton, and Charles Lydeard. Auburn University is offering a Graduate Research 2005. Phylogeny of North American amblemines Assistantship within the Department of Biological Sciences, (Bivalvia, Unionoida): prodigious polyphyly proves beginning Spring 2006. Funding is available for up to 3 pervasive across genera. Invertebrate Biology 124(2): years (2006-2008), with additional support provided by 131–164. Graduate Teaching Assistantships in Biological Sciences on a competitive basis (total annual stipend $16,000). A full Megan E. Brown, Michal Kowalewski, Richard J. Neves, tuition waiver also will be awarded. Both M.S. and Ph.D. Donald S. Cherry, and Madeline E. Schreiber. 2005. students are encouraged to apply. The successful applicant Freshwater Mussel Shells as Environmental Chronicles: will conduct descriptive and experimental research designed Geochemical and Taphonomic Signatures of Mercury- to evaluate the impact of low-head impoundments on Related Extirpations in the North Fork Holston River, freshwater mussel, snail, and crayfish assemblages within Virginia. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39 (6), 1455 -1462. streams of Alabama. Students are expected to interact with Full manuscript: http://pubs.acs.org/cgi- faculty and graduate students from Auburn University on bin/article.cgi/esthag/2005/39/i06/html/es048573p.html parallel studies involving stream fish assemblages.

Selection will be based on grades, GREs, and letters of reference from at least 3 persons with sufficient knowledge of the applicant's potential for research. Those with a strong research background in stream ecology and/or crayfish Contributed Articles ecology or malacology will be given top consideration. For more information please contact Drs. Jack Feminella, [email protected] / 334-844-3906, or Michael Gangloff, Freshwater Mussel Diversity: The [email protected] / 334-844-7345, Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum, 331 Importance of Spatial Scale Funchess Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849_5407, http://www.auburn.edu/academic/science_math/biology/facu Principal Investigator- Dr. Ken Brown, lty/feminella.htm Research Assistant- Raynie Bambarger Louisiana State University - Dept. of Biological Sciences 383 Life Science Bldg. Baton Rouge, LA Ph: 225-578-1740; [email protected] MUSSEL Project Database The nested-hierarchical nature of ecological processes is We are pleased to announce the MUSSEL Project Database: becoming an accepted concept in ecology. The mechanisms Freshwater Mussels of the Congo & Zambezi Basins (beta): controlling diversity are at work within and across nested- http://clade.acnatsci.org/mussel/proj/congo-zambezi.html hierarchical spatial scales, from microhabitat interactions to interactions at the landscape level. Many freshwater mussel The Congo-Zambezi database is arranged hierarchically, studies have focused on describing local scale diversity allowing you to browse the diversity of the various based on microhabitat variables only, but have had little taxonomic levels, from the families of the order down to the success in explaining or predicting the observed pattern. individual specimen lots for each species. At both the genus The large variation in diversity and distribution observed in and species levels, there is the option to get a complete studies of freshwater mussels at such small spatial scales synonymy of each taxon. These data were obtained from has always blurred how we as scientists interpret and various sources relevant to the problem Central African understand causes and effects of species richness decline. mussel diversity, including Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927), Mandahl-Barth (1988) and Daget (1998). Specimen records In our on-going study, we investigate how incorporating were obtained by visiting various collections and digitally variables across multiple spatial scales improves our ability photographing each lot, including the original label material. to describe and interpret patterns in mussel species richness Images of over 900 lots are provided. The copyrights to throughout the Florida Parish region of Southeast Louisiana. reproduce particular specimen images are retained by the collections from which they were obtained. Inquiries about As of July 14, 2005, we have sampled 29 sites in four sub- image use should be addressed to the curators of those basins: Upper Tickfaw sub-basin (11 sites), Upper collections. We are grateful to be able to use the specimen Tangipahoa (9 sites), Lower Tickfaw (5 sites), and Lower images as part of this database project. Tangipahoa (4 sites). We collected microhabitat variables at 6 each site (water quality, flow, and sediment type). Using Increase A. Lapham (1852, 1860) published the first lists GIS techniques, we were able to calculate percent geology of Wisconsin mollusk species but, in keeping with the and land-use for a 1-Km buffer zone around each site and standards of his day, he did not tie the records to voucher for each of the four sub-basins. specimens. A half century later in the summer of 1902, George H. Chadwick initiated an effort to document the Armed with a large dataset including 33 variables spanning Wisconsin molluscan fauna with the support of the Natural three spatial scales, we are in the analysis stage of our study. History Society and later reported these findings in two To expose a pattern in species richness, we averaged publications (1905, 1906), the second of which included estimates of species richness over the four sub-basins. A locality data from voucher specimens in the Milwaukee significant difference in species richness and abundance Public Museum (MPM) collection. It was meant to be only (CPUE) is apparent. The upper sub-basins have the initial step in a survey of the entire state, but Chadwick's significantly lower species richness and abundance than the collaboration with the Wisconsin Natural History Society lower sub-basins (ANOVA p< .002). began with work in the Milwaukee vicinity in southeastern Wisconsin and never got any further. In terms of the records We initially planned to identify the relative contribution of presented here, southeastern Wisconsin is the quarter each set of variables, across the spatial scales, to the pattern bounded geographically on the east by Lake Michigan and of species richness using multiple regression techniques. on the south by the northern Illinois border, though one Unfortunately, our data violates several critical record extends the northwestern corner of this area on a independence assumptions necessary to implement these diagonal roughly 200 miles up into the central Wisconsin techniques. We quickly realized that, due to the nested- county of Clark. Of the 19 unionid species currently given hierarchical nature of this system, the variables at the status as threatened or endangered under the Endangered microhabitat scale are highly correlated to the buffer zone Resources Program of the Wisconsin Department of Natural variables, which are in turn highly correlated with the sub- Resources, three have a range confined to the southeastern basin variables. The analysis does suggest that both percent portion of the state according to Cummings and Mayer fine sediment and water hardness are the most important (1992): the threatened Alasmidonta viridis and variables influencing species richness from the microhabitat Venustaconcha ellipsiformis and the endangered Villosa iris. variable set. Land-use, specifically cropland and forested Because of the potential conservation importance of historic wetland, coupled with geology from the sub-basin variable records from this region, the locality information from these set seem to be driving the large-scale pattern of species voucher specimens in the MPM collection is reviewed here. richness we see across the four sub-basins in our study. Where it has been possible to determine, the data for Currently, we are exploring multivariate statistical township/range/section is added in parentheses. techniques such as the discriminant function and factor analysis to overcome the collinearity violations within our Alasmidonta viridis (Rafinesque 1820) data. The MPM collection contains records from waterways in 8 Wisconsin counties for the state threatened unionid A recent literature review has revealed several articles Alasmidonta viridis, the slippershell mussel. The first focused on hierarchical theory as a means to explain and Wisconsin MPM specimen of this species, then designated interpret the spatial organization of the mechanisms driving as A. calceolus Lea, was one donated by the Wisconsin freshwater mussel diversity and distribution. We plan to Natural History Society and collected from the Milwaukee further investigate hierarchical theory as a method to River. Chadwick (1906) reported 3 county records: Lake explain the pattern of species richness and abundance in our Michigan shore at Lake Park (T07N R22E Sec 14) in study area. Milwaukee County, Jambo Creek (T20N R24E Sec 4) in Manitowoc County, and Sheshepecomeo Park on Beasley We hope to elucidate the statistical issues that arise when Creek (T21N R11E Sec 4) in Waupaca County. Four dealing with data that span multiple spatial scales. We also counties were added by the Harold A. Mathiak survey work hope to improve management of these imperiled (Mathiak 1979) in the 1970s: Milwaukee River (T13N invertebrates by identifying functional linkages among R19E Sec 33) in Fond du Lac County, Onion River (T14N scales that influence species richness in freshwater mussels R21E Sec 6) in Sheboygan County, Allenton Creek and East of the southeastern coastal plains. Branch of the Rock River (both T11N R18E Sec 15) in Washington County, and Rush Creek (T18N R14E Sec 25) in Winnebago County. Another Sheboygan County Historic Records for State Threatened specimen, from the Mullet River (T15N R20E Sec 10), was received as by-catch from the Wisconsin Department of and Endangered Unionids in Natural Resources Fish Distribution Study. Marian E. Southeastern Wisconsin Havlik donated a specimen collected from the Wolf River at County Highway A in Shawano County in 1992. Joan P. Jass Invertebrate Zoology, Milwaukee Public Museum Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Conrad 1836) Milwaukee, WI 53233 The MPM collection contains records from waterways in 7 [email protected] Wisconsin counties for the state threatened unionid

7 Venustaconcha ellipsiformis, the ellipse. The earliest Mathiak, H.A. 1979. A river survey of the unionid Wisconsin record in the MPM mollusk catalogs for the mussels of Wisconsin 1973-1977. Sand Shell Press, bivalve then designated as Unio spatulatus Lea is from Mrs. Horicon, Wisconsin. 75 pp. E.C. Wiswall, who specified only "southern Wisconsin" as Wiswall, E.C. 1897. Shells of southern Wisconsin. Natural the locality data for species that she listed (Wiswall 1897). Science Journal, I(2):47-48. The 1898 MPM catalog indicates that the museum purchased 97 freshwater mussel specimens from Mrs. Wiswall, including two of this species (one of them being New World Physids Don’t Know polished), and gives 1897 as the year of collection. Borders: Exotic Physidae in Indonesia

Among the collection of state unionids received from the Henk K. Mienis Wisconsin Natural History Society was V. ellipsiformis from National Mollusc Collection the Fox and Milwaukee rivers. MPM catalog entries for Zoological Museum these donations were made in the 1880s, but no collecting Tel Aviv University date or more detailed location was given. Chadwick (1906) IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel adds detail to the river records previously noted, giving [email protected] Milwaukee County sites for the Milwaukee, near Big Bend in Waukesha County for the Fox, and also adds "mill pond at A few years ago I received from one of my correspondents Hika, Manitowoc Co." as a third county record. in Indonesia several samples of freshwater molluscs, which had been collected in part under natural conditions and in It was not until the 1970s that additional, documented part in shops selling aquarium fish. To my surprise all seven specimens of this species were added to the MPM collection. samples turned out to belong to the family Physidae. Since Brian Witzke donated an ellipse from the Crawfish River the natural range of the majority of the recognized species (T09N R14E Sec 19) in Dodge County, and Harold A. within the Physidae is largely confined to the Americas, with Mathiak added records for the Milwaukee River (T13N only a handful of species originating in Europe (Taylor, R19E Sec 33) and its West Branch (T13N R18E Sec 36) in 2003), it does not come as a surprise that most probably all Fond du Lac County, Sugar Creek (T03N R18E Sec 15) in the samples belong to New World species. Walworth County, and the Mukwonago River (T05N R18E Sec 35) in Waukesha County. The Wisconsin Department Three different types of shells could be clearly recognized; of Natural Resources donated specimens collected in 1977 however, due to the fact that all of the samples consisted of from the South Fork of the Poplar River (T28N R01W Sec empty shells only, no definitive identifications are given 15) in Clark County and the Bark River (T07N R17E Sec here. 34) in Waukesha County. Shell type I: Stenophysa species. Villosa iris (I. Lea 1829) One sample consisting of a single specimen belongs clearly The MPM collection contains records from waterways in 2 to the genus Stenophysa von Martens, 1898. It had been Wisconsin counties for the state endangered unionid Villosa collected in Indonesia, South Borneo, Kelua, Tanjung, on iris, the rainbow. Again, the earliest Wisconsin record in the floating wood in a swamp, December 1995. MPM collection is a specimen donated by the Wisconsin Natural History Society from the Milwaukee River. Under It is impossible to distinguish this shell from shells of Lampsilis iris Lea, Chadwick (1906) specifies a Milwaukee Stenophysa marmorata (Guilding, 1828) from various County site on this river. Four Waukesha County specimens localities on Caribbean Islands, present in the National from the Mukwonago River at Mukwonago were received Mollusc Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem from Harold A. Mathiak. (HUJ), and from those recently collected in large numbers in several artificial pools in the Botanical Garden of the Tel Literature Cited Aviv University (Mienis, 2005). However, shells of the Chadwick, G.H. 1905. List of Wisconsin shells. The recently described Stenophysa spathidophallus Taylor, 2003, Nautilus, 19(5):57-60, 20(2):22-24. from Singapore (but more likely originating from Chadwick, G.H. 1906. Notes on Wisconsin Mollusca. northeastern South-America), are also almost inseparable Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, from those of S. marmoratus. 4(3):67-99. Cummings, K.S. & Mayer, C.A. 1992. Field guide to Shell type II: Mayabina species. freshwater mussels of the Midwest. Illinois Natural Two samples are provisionally placed in the Aplexinid History Survey, Champaign. 194 pp. genus Mayabina Taylor, 2003. They were collected at the Lapham, I.A. 1852. Flora and fauna of Wisconsin. following localities: Indonesia, Java, Tawakal, Jakarta, on Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agricultural leaves in stagnant water, April 1986 (2 ex.) and Java, Society, II:367-370 [Mollusca]. Jakarta, in aquarium shop, September 1995 (2 ex). Species Lapham, J[I].A. 1860. A list of the shells of the state of belonging to this genus are confined in their distribution to Wisconsin. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural the Central America and the west coast of South America, as Sciences of Philadelphia, 12:154-156. far south as northern-most Chile. 8

Shell type III: Haitia species. Parodiz & Bonetto 1963; Bonetto 1964; Parodiz 1968; The following four samples: Indonesia, West Java, Haas 1969; Mansur 1970; Mansur et al. 1987; Ituarte 1994; Patenggang Lake, South Bandung, at an altitude of 1550 m, Callil & Mansur 2002; among others). For a general August 1995 (8 ex.); West Java, Cipanas, at an altitude of overview of the zoogeographical records in the Santa 1100 m, May 2001 (8 ex.); West Java, aquarium shop in Catarina State, see Agudo (2005). Jakarta, September 1995 (4 ex.); Mid Java, Guci, Tegal, on stones in small river, October 2000 (3 ex.), belong Systematic Species List apparently to one and the same species. Class BIVALVIA

Order UNIONOIDA If these specimens had been found somewhere in Europe or Family MYCETOPODIDAE (16) in Israel then I would classify them without doubt as Haitia -Anodontites clessini (Fischer, 1890) acuta (Draparnaud, 1805). However, I prefer to call them -Anodontites crispatus tenebricosus (Lea, 1834) * simply Haitia species due to the absence of preserved -Anodontites tenebricosus (Lea, 1834) * animals. -Anodontites ferrarisi (d´Orbigny, 1835) *

-Anodontites felix (Pilsbry, 1896) All three species have to be considered as exotic species of -Anodontites iheringi (Clessing, 1882) * New World origin in Indonesia. They probably reached that -Anodontites lucidus (d´Orbigny, 1835) * country by means of the international aquarium fish and -Anodontites patagonicus (Lamarck, 1819) plant trade. Since this trade is becoming more and more -Anodontites trapesialis (Lamarck, 1819) * popular in S.E.-Asia, more records of introduced Physidae -Anodontites trapezeus (Spix, 1827) may be expected from that part of the world in future. -Fossula fossiculifera (d´Orbigny, 1835)

-Leila blainvilliana (Lea, 1834) * References -Monocondylaea corrientesensis d´Orbigny, 1835 Mienis, H.K. 2005. A first record of Stenophysa marmorata -Monocondylaea minuana d´Orbigny, 1835 * from Israel. Ellipsaria, 7(1): 9. -Monocondylaea paraguayana d´Orbigny, 1835 Taylor, D.W. 2003. Introduction to Physidae (Gastropoda: -Mycetopoda legumen (Martens, 1888) * Hygrophila) Biogeography, classification, morphology. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51(Supplement 1): 1-287. Family HYRIIDAE (21) -Castalia ambigua inflata d´Orbigny, 1835 -Castalia psammoica (d´Orbigny, 1835)

-Castalia martensi (Ihering, 1891) The Freshwater Mussels/Naiades of -Diplodon aethiops (Lea, 1860) * Upper and Medium Sessions of the -Diplodon burroughianus (Lea, 1834) Uruguay River Basin, Southern Brazil: -Diplodon charruanus (d´Orbigny, 1835) A Brief Approach to its Knowledge -Diplodon delodontus (Lamarck, 1819) -Diplodon delodontus wymani (Lea, 1860) A. Ignacio Agudo -Diplodon ellipticus (Wagner in Spix, 1827) * Projeto Naiade (Naiade Project) -Diplodon expansus (Kuster, 1856) * Avulsos Malacológicos – AM -Diplodon funebralis (Lea, 1860) Caixa Postal (P. O. Box) 010, 88010-970 Centro, -Diplodon hildae Ortmann, 1921 * Florianópolis, Santa Catarina – SC, Brasil -Diplodon martensi (Ihering, 1893) * [email protected] – http://www.malacologia.com.br -Diplodon parallelipipedon (Lea, 1834) -Diplodon peraeformis (Lea, 1860) The great Uruguay River is geographically born from the -Diplodon piceus (Lea, 1860) fork of the rivers “Pelotas” and “Canoas” of Santa Catarina's -Diplodon pilsbryi Marshall, 1928 * State, in the Municipal district of Celso Ramos – Campos de -Diplodon rotundus gratus (Lea, 1860) Lages region, emblem with the neighbor State of Rio Grande -Diplodon rhuacoicus (d´Orbigny, 1835) * do Sul. -Diplodon uruguayensis (Lea, 1860) In the upper and medium sessions of the Uruguay River -Diplodon uruguayensis x expansus (Parodiz, 1968) Basin, 43 species are cited in the literature (41 natives and 2 Order VENEROIDA exotic invasives, distributed in 37 Unionoida – 16 Family CORBICULIDAE (3) Mycetopodidae, 21 Hyriidae, 6 Veneroida – 3 Sphaeriidae, 3 -Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) * Corbiculidae). Of these, 20 are confirmed/included in the -Corbicula largillierti (Philippi, 1844) * Santa Catarina´s State territorial inventory (Agudo 2004b) -Neocorbicula limosa (Maton, 1811) for 6 localities (Agudo 2004a). Family SPHAERIIDAE (3) -Eupera guaraniana Ituarte, 1994 The zoogeographical occurrence of mussels/naiades species -Eupera platensis Doello-Jurado, 1921 * in this South American region has been revised in the -Sphaerium observationis (Pilsbry, 1911) * specialized literature (Ortmann 1921; Morretes 1949; *Species occurs in Santa Catarina State.

9 References Ituarte, Cristian F. 1994. Corbicula and Neocorbicula Agudo, A. Ignacio. 2004 a. Zoogeographical distribution on (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in the Parana, Uruguay, and Rio the freshwater mussels/naiades (Bivalvia: Unionoida & de La Plata Basins. The Nautilus, 107 (4):129-135. Veneroida) in Santa Catarina State´s territory, Southern Mansur, Maria Cristina Dreher. 1970. Lista dos moluscos Brazil. FMCS Newsletter Ellipsaria, 6 (2):20-21. bivalves das familias Hyriidae e Mycetopodidae para o Agudo, A. Ignacio. 2004 b. Preliminary general inventory of Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia (Porto Alegre), continental mollusks (Gastropoda & Bivalvia) from Sér. Zool., (39):33-95. Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. FMCS Newsletter Mansur, Maria Cristina Dreher; Carla Schulz & Liana Ellipsaria, 6 (3):14-16. Mercedes Maria Pares Garces. 1987. Moluscos bivalves Agudo, A. Ignacio. 2005. Levantamento Atualizado – de água doce:identificação dos gêneros do Sul e Leste do Espécies em Santa Catarina (Up-to-date rising – Species Brasil. Acta Biol. Leopoldensia, 9 (2):181-202. in Santa Catarina). Florianópolis, SC: AVULSOS Morretes, Frederico Lange de. 1949. Ensaio de Catálogo dos MALACOLÓGICOS – AM, Internet Brazilian Website: Moluscos do Brasil. Curitiba, PR: Arquivos do Museu http://www.malacologia.com.br Paranaense, Vol. VII, Art. 1, pp. 5-216. Bonetto, Argentino A. 1964. Las espécies del género Ortmann, A.E. 1921. South American Naiades; a Diplodon (MOLL. UNIONACEA) en los ríos de la contribution to the knowledge of the freshwater mussels Pendiente Atlántica del Sur del Brasil. PHYSIS, 24 of South America. Mem. Carnegie Mus., 8 (3): 451-671. (68):323-328. Parodiz, J.J. 1968. Annotated catalogue of the genus Callil, C.T. & M.C. Dreher Mansur. 2002. Corbiculidae in Diplodon (UNIONACEA – HYRIIDAE). Sterkiana, the Pantanal: history of invasion in southeast and central (30):1-22. South America and biometrical data. Amazoniana, 17 Parodiz, J.J. & Argentino A. Bonetto. 1963. Taxonomy and (1/2):153-167. Zoogeographic relationships of the South American Haas, Fritz. 1969. Superfamilia Unionacea. In: Das Naiades (Pelecypoda: Unionacea and Mutelacea). Tierreich. Berlin:Walter de Gruyter & Co., Vol. 88, I-X + Malacologia, 1 (2):179-213. 663 p.

10

Host Identifications or Confirmations

G. Thomas Watters, Trisha Menker, Sara Thomas & Kody Kuehnl Columbus Zoo & Aquarium Freshwater Mussel Research & Conservation Facility & The Ohio State University

All transformations at 20º C. * - apparently new host identification. Studies funded through the Ohio Division of Wildlife and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.

1) Epioblasma triquetra (June) Suitable host: Mottled Sculpin (days to transformation – 18; % transformed – 2%) Hosts yielding no transformation: Greenside Darter

2) Elliptio complanata (June) Suitable hosts: Bluegill (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – 38%) * Pumpkinseed (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – 55%) *

3) Lampsilis cardium (Oct.-June) Suitable hosts: Largemouth Bass (days to transformation – 24; % transformed – not measured)

4) Lampsilis radiata luteola (Nov.-July) Suitable hosts: Largemouth Bass (days to transformation – 21; % transformed – not measured) Green Sunfish (days to transformation – 21; % transformed – not measured) *

5) Lasmigona costata (April) Suitable hosts: Bluegill (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – not measured) * Creek Chub (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – not measured) * Goldfish (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – not measured) * Central Stoneroller (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – not measured)*

6) Plethobasus cyphyus (May-June) Suitable hosts: Central Stoneroller (days to transformation – 16; % transformed – 19%) * Hosts yielding no transformation: Bluegill, Brown Trout, Goldfish, Greenside Darter, Largemouth Bass, Silverjaw Minnow, Yellow Bullhead, White Crappie

7) Pleurobema cordatum (May) Suitable hosts: Brook Stickleback (days to transformation – 27; % transformed – not measured) Creek Chub (days to transformation – 27; % transformed – not measured) Guppy (days to transformation – 27; % transformed – not measured) Hosts yielding no transformation: Bluegill, Goldfish, Green Darter, Green Sunfish, Stonecat, White Crappie

8) Pleurobema sintoxia (June) Suitable hosts: Bluegill (days to transformation – 13; % transformed – 1%) Creek Chub (days to transformation – 13; % transformed – 18%) * Southern Redbelly Dace (days to transformation – 13; % transformed – 1%) Hosts yielding no transformation: Goldfish, Mottled Sculpin

9) Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (April) Suitable hosts: Brook Stickleback (days to transformation – 50; % transformed – not measured) * Hosts yielding no transformation: Creek Chub, Johnny Darter, Rainbow Darter, Spotfin Shiner,

11 10) Pyganodon grandis (Dec.-Feb.) Suitable hosts: Bluegill (days to transformation – 9; % transformed – not measured) Creek Chub (days to transformation – 11; % transformed – not measured) Goldfish (days to transformation – 9; % transformed – not measured) * Guppy (days to transformation – 12; % transformed – not measured) * Largemouth Bass (days to transformation – 10; % transformed – not measured) Pumpkinseed (days to transformation – 12; % transformed – not measured) Round Goby (days to transformation – 9; % transformed – not measured) * White Crappie (days to transformation – 9; % transformed – not measured) Hosts yielding no transformation: Green Sunfish

11) Strophitus undulatus (April) Suitable hosts: Rainbow Darter (days to transformation – 13; % transformed – 5%) * Red-eared Sunfish (days to transformation – 15; % transformed – 31%) Hosts yielding no transformation: Goldfish

12) Toxolasma parvus (June) Suitable hosts: Johnny Darter (days to transformation – 12; % transformed – 3%) * Hosts yielding no transformation: Bluegill, Creek Chub, Mottled Sculpin

13) Villosa iris iris (April) Suitable hosts: Mottled Sculpin (days to transformation – 26; % transformed – not measured) * Smallmouth Bass (days to transformation – 26; % transformed – not measured) Hosts yielding no transformation: Banded Darter, Bluegill, Brook Stickleback, Central Stoneroller, Creek Chub, Johnny Darter, Rainbow Darter, Spotfin Shiner, Stonecat

Specific Gravity and Freshwater Mussels

John J. Jenkinson, 305 Revere Avenue, Clinton, TN 37716 [email protected]

Specific gravity (SG) can be defined as the relationship between the mass of an object and its volume. This physical characteristic is calculated by dividing the weight of an object by its displacement in water. By definition in the metric system, one gram of water occupies one milliliter of volume and, therefore, has an SG of 1.0. With regard to freshwater mussels and their habitats, SG is a quantitative way to compare the tendency of an animal to float higher or lower in the substrate than objects around it. I have not found any previous examination of SG in freshwater mussel literature.

During this exploratory study, I used a battery-powered postal scale (1g increments) to determine the weight of objects and a 100-ml graduated cylinder (1 ml increments) to determine their volume. Objects that would not fit into the graduated cylinder were put in a water-filled container, the overflow was collected, and the volume of that water was measured. All substrate materials were tested wet: either as they came from a waterbody or after soaking in water for at least 24 hours. All mussels were tested alive and prodded to ensure their shells had closed under water (without air in the mantle cavity).

So far, I have calculated SG values for 24 native mussel species, Corbicula fluminea, and examples of 15 actual or potential substrate materials (numerical results on reverse). SG values for substrate materials range from 1.2 (some coal rocks) to 11.9 (some lead weights). Most typical [= sedimentary] substrate materials have SG values between 2.0 and 2.5.

With regard to native mussels, SG values calculated so far range between 1.1 (Alasmidonta arcula) and 2.4 (Obliquaria reflexa). When several representatives of a species were tested, they strongly suggested that SG does not vary with size: small and large individuals (at least within the same population) yielded very similar SG values. I have not yet compared SG values among different populations of the same species.

12 As might be expected, representatives of the two (classic) Anodontine species that have been tested yielded low SG values, most of the eight Lampsiline species yielded mid-range values, and most of the 14 Unionine species yielded higher SG values. More interestingly, however, almost all of the species yielded SG values comparable to the SG values of the substrates where they are found in large numbers, regardless of their phylogenetic relationships. Coastal Plain and sand-dwelling species have low SG values (1.3 – 1.7, comparable to sand and clay) while big-river shoal-dwelling species have relatively high SG values (1.9 – 2.0, comparable to mixed [sedimentary] rocks).

These initial results suggest that native mussels maintain their position in the substrate, in part at least, because of the physical similarity of their SG to the SG of the surrounding particles. Changes in the SG of the substrate (e.g., after the introduction of much lighter coal particles) could create strictly physical conditions in which some species would be unable to maintain their normal position in the bottom.

Specific gravity appears to be an informative but, until now, overlooked physical characteristic of native mussel species. When evaluated more fully, SG probably will help explain the presence or absence of mussel species in various types of habitats, may point out unexpected variations in mussel behavior, and could help identify the principles controlling the range and apparent convergences in mussel shell shapes and ornamentation.

Specific Gravity Values for Some Freshwater Bivalves and Substrate Materials

Specific 95% Specific 95% Bivalve Species N* Gravity Confidence Substrate Materials N* Gravity Confidence Value Interval Value Interval

Alasmidonta arcula 12/4 1.15 ± 0.07 Coal - Stream Rocks 12/4 1.24 ± 0.04 Pyganodon grandis 8/4 1.19 ± 0.01 Coal - Stream Rocks 10/2 1.39 ± 0.02 Hamiota (=Lampsilis) altilis 15/5 1.34 ± 0.06 Clay Hardpan 9/3 1.43 ± 0.02 Potamilus alatus 3/3 1.37 ± 0.03 Clay Hardpan 9/3 1.48 ± 0.02 Cantheria spinosa 12/4 1.49 ± 0.17 Fine Creek Sediment 10/2 1.68 ± 0.04 Lampsilis fasciola 3/2 1.55 ± 0.10 Sand -Emory River, TN 15/3 1.80 ± 0.02 Villosa iris 2/2 1.56 ± 0.41 Sand -Padre Island, TX 15/5 1.86 ± 0.01 Elliptio icterina 8/4 1.64 ± 0.10 Creek Gravel 9/3 2.08 ± 0.03 Lampsilis teres 1/1 1.70 -- Limestone Riprap 3/1 2.24 ± 0.07 Corbicula fluminea 4/4 1.71 ± 0.18 Rocks -Emory R., TN 20/5 2.28 ± 0.08 Megalonaias nervosa 3/3 1.76 ± 0.04 Stained Glass Pieces 10/1 2.40 ± 0.03 Lampsilis claibornensis 1/1 1.88 -- Limestone Riprap 12/4 2.56 ± 0.05 Fusconaia subrotunda ? 2/2 1.91 ± 0.03 Quartz Gravel 9/3 2.58 ± 0.04 Elliptio dilatata 1/1 1.91 -- Vermont Marble 10/2 2.59 ± 0.06 Amblema plicata 3/3 1.94 ± 0.08 Steel/Iron 8/2 7.29 ± 0.22 Tritogonia verrucosa 5/5 1.94 ± 0.26 Brass 4/1 7.53 ± 0.50 Quadrula metanevra 2/2 1.97 ± 0.06 Copper 4/1 8.28 ± 0.33 Elliptio crassidens 15/13 1.97 ± 0.05 Lead Fishing Weights 6/2 10.78 ± 0.08 Cyclonaias tuberculata 10/9 1.98 ± 0.05 Lead Fishing Weights 6/2 11.97 ± 0.06 Plethobasus cooperianus 14/14 1.99 ± 0.04 Ellipsaria lineolata 8/6 1.99 ± 0.08 Quadrula pustulosa 13/8 2.03 ± 0.08 *Number of Observations/Number of different animals or samples Fusconaia ebena 10/6 2.03 ± 0.10 Pleurobema cordatum 4/4 2.05 ± 0.05 Obliquaria reflexa 2/2 2.43 ± 0.04

13 FMCS 2004 Freshwater Mollusk Badra, P.J., and R.R. Goforth. 2001. Surveys for the clubshell (Pleurobema clava) and other rare clams in Bibliography Michigan: Final Report - 2000. Report number MNFI 2001-07. Report to USFWS - Region 3 Endangered Species Compiled by Kevin S. Cummings Office, Twin Cities, MN. 59 pp. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois Badra, P.J., and R.R. Goforth. 2002. Surveys of native This bibliography lists freshwater mollusk papers that have freshwater mussels in the lower reaches of Great Lakes been published up to and including 2004 and that have not tributary rivers in Michigan. Report number MNFI 2002- appeared in previous FMCS bibliographies. Citations are split 03. Report to Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality, into five groups: Unionoida, Sphaeriidae, Corbiculidae, Other Coastal Zone Management Unit, Lansing, MI. 39 pp. Bivalves, and Gastropoda. Papers that list taxa from more Badra, P.J., and R.R. Goforth. 2003. Freshwater mussel than one category are included in each group. A searchable surveys of Great Lakes tributary rivers in Michigan. Report database of over 15,000 references on freshwater mollusks number MNFI 2003-15. Report to Michigan Dept. of (including all previous FMCS bibliographies on freshwater Environmental Quality, Coastal Zone Management Unit, mollusks) is available on the web at Lansing, MI. 40 pp. http://ellipse.inhs.uiuc.edu:591/mollusk/ Baker, A.M., F. Sheldon, J. Somerville, K.F. Walker, and J.M. Hughes. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic To insure that papers are cited correctly, researchers are structuring suggests similarity between two encouraged to send reprints to: Kevin S. Cummings, Illinois morphologically plastic genera of Australian freshwater Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, mussels (Unionoida: Hyriidae). Molecular Phylogenetics Illinois 61820 or [email protected] and Evolution 32(3):902-912. Barlocher, F., and H. Brendelberger. 2004. Clearance of UNIONOIDA (FRESHWATER MUSSELS) aquatic hyphomycete spores by a benthic suspension feeder. Abdallah, A.M., and D.R. Barton. 2004. Environmental Limnology & Oceanography 49(6):2292-2296. factors controlling the distributions of benthic invertebrates Beaty, B.B., and R.J. Neves. 2004. Use of a natural river on rocky shores of Lake Malawi, Africa. Journal of Great water flow-through culture system for rearing juvenile Lakes Research 29(Supplement 2):202-215. freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and evaluation of Anderson, B.C., T. Bell, P. Hodson, J. Marsalek, and W.E. the effects of substrate size, temperature, and stocking Watt. 2004. Accumulation of trace metals in freshwater density. American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):14-23. invertebrates in stormwater management facilities. Water Blaylock-Herod, H.N. 2000. Community ecology of three Quality Research Journal of Canada 39(4):362-373. freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from the Anon. 2004. Virginia Tech opens new mollusk research New River, Suwanee drainage, Florida. M.S. Thesis. center. Aquaculture 30(6):48. University of Florida 72 pp. Attrill, M.J., S.D. Rundle, and R.M. Thomas. 1996. The Bogan, A.E., and J.M. Alderman. 2004. Workbook and key influence of drought-induced low freshwater flow on an to the freshwater bivalves of South Carolina. North upper-estuarine macroinvertebrate community. Water Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 64 pp. Research 30(2):261-268. + 5 plates. Badra, P.J. 2002. Freshwater mussel (Unionidae) survey of Bordelon, V.L., and R.C. Harrel. 2004. Freshwater mussels three sites in Duck and Kearsley Creeks, Genesee and (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Village Creek drainage basin Oakland Counties, Michigan. Report number MNFI 2002- in southeast Texas. Texas Journal of Science 56(1):63-72. 22 Report to Tilton and Associates, Inc. 3 pp. Bowers, R., and F.A. De Szalay. 2004. Effects of hydrology Badra, P.J. 2004. Monitoring of clubshell (Pleurobema on unionids (Unionidae) and zebra mussels (Dreissenidae) clava) populations and surveys for the Northern Riffleshell in a Lake Erie coastal wetland. American Midland (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) in Michigan. Report Naturalist 151(2):286-300. number MNFI 2004-17. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Brown, P.L., R.A. Jeffree, and S.J. Markich. 1996. Kinetics Service. 11 pp. of 45Ca, 60Co, 210Pb, 54Mn and 109Cd in the tissue of the Badra, P.J. 2004. Aquatic animal life of the St. Joseph River freshwater bivalve Velesunio angasii: further development (Maumee drainage, Hillsdale County, MI). Report number of a predictive and mechanistic model of metal MNFI 2004-16. Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. bioaccumulation. Science of the Total Environment 26 pp. 188:139-166. Badra, P.J. 2004. Freshwater mussel surveys of Great Lakes Burr, B.M., J.T. Sipiorski, M.R. Thomas, K.S. Cummings, tributary rivers in Michigan. Report number MNFI 2004- and C.A. Taylor. 2004. Fishes, mussels, crayfishes, and 22. Report to Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality, aquatic habitats of the Hoosier-Shawnee Ecological Coastal Management Program, Lansing, MI. 34 pp. Assessment Area. pp. 109-171 in F.R. Thompson, III, (ed.). Badra, P.J. 2004. Surveys for freshwater mussels (Unionidae) The Hoosier-Shawnee Ecological Assessment. General in the Bean Creek watershed, Hillsdale and Lenawee Technical Report NC-244. St. Paul Minnesota: U.S. Dept. Counties, Michigan. Report number MNFI 2004-19. Report of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research to the Mackinac Chapter of the Sierra Club. 8 pp. Station 267 pp.

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Butler, R.S., and R.G. Biggins. 2004. Recovery plan for Dettman, D.L., A.K. Reische, and K.C. Lohmann. 1999. Cumberland elktoe (Alasmidonta atropurpurea), oyster Controls on the stable isotope composition of seasonal mussel (Epioblasma capsaeformis), Cumberland combshell growth bands in aragonitic fresh-water bivalves (Epioblasma brevidens), purple bean (Villosa perpurpurea), (Unionidae). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63(7- and rough rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata). 8):1049-1057. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Atlanta, Georgia. 168 pp. Drent, J., P.C. Luttikhuizen, and T. Piersma. 2004. Chadd, R., and C. Existence. 2004. The conservation of Morphological dynamics in the foraging apparatus of a freshwater macroinvertebrate populations: a community- deposit feeding marine bivalve: phenotypic plasticity and based classification scheme. Aquatic Conservation: Marine heritable effects. Functional Ecology 18(3):349-356. and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:597-624. Edwards, D.D. 2004. Effects of low pH and high temperature Chaty, S., F. Rodius, and P. Vasseur. 2004. A comparative on hatching and survival of the water mite Unionicola foili study of the expression of CYP1A and CYP4 genes in (Acari: Unionicolidae). Proceedings of the Indiana aquatic invertebrate (freshwater mussel, Unio tumidus) and Academy of Science 113(1):26-32. vertebrate (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Evans, R., and R. Coxe. 2004. The freshwater mussels Toxicology 69(1):81-93. (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Shenango River: past and Christian, A.D., J. Vouldin, N. Bickford, S.B. McCord, A. present. (Abstract). Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy Sako, J. Faris, L. Kanieski, and A. McBride. 2004. Winter of Science 77:130-131. and spring water quality of the Big Creek watershed, Focarelli, R., M.G. Grace, R. Seraglia, and F. Rosati. 1997. Craighead County, Arkansas: Nutrients, habitat, and A nonglycosylated, 68-kDa alpha-L-Fucosidase is bound to macroinvertebrates. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of the mollusc bivalve Unio elongatulus sperm plasma Science 57:27-36. membrane and differs from a glycosated 56-kDa form Christian, A.D., B.N. Smith, D.J. Berg, J.C. Smoot, and R.H. present in the seminal fluid. Biochemical and Biophysical Findlay. 2004. Trophic position and potential food sources Research Communications 234:54-58. of 2 species of unionid bivalves (Mollusca: Unionidae) in 2 Gagne, F., C. Blaise, and J. Hellou. 2004. Endocrine small Ohio streams. Journal of the North American disruption and health effects of caged mussels, Elliptio Benthological Society 23(1):101-113. complanata, placed downstream from a primary-treated Coan, E.V., and A.R. Kabat. 2004. Annotated catalogue of municipal effluent plume for 1 year. Comparative malacological meetings, including symposia and workshops Biochemistry & Physiology. C. Toxicology & in malacology. Privately printed. 51 pp. Pharmacology 138(1):33-44. Conners, D.E., and M.C. Black. 2004. Evaluation of Gagne, F., M. Fournier, and C. Blaise. 2004. Serotonergic lethality and genotoxicity in the freshwater mussel effects of municipal effluents: Induced spawning activity in Utterbackia imbecillis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) exposed freshwater mussels. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin singly and in combination to chemicals used in lawn care. 13(11A):1099-1103. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Gagnon, P., S.W. Golladay, W.K. Michener, and M.C. 46(3):362-371. Freeman. 2004. Drought responses of freshwater Cowie, R.H., N.J. Cazzaniga, and M. Glauubrecht. 2004. The mussels (Unionidae) in coastal plain tributaries of the South American Mollusca of Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix Flint River Basin, Georgia. Journal of Freshwater and their publication by Johann Andreas Wagner. Nautilus Ecology 19(4):667-679. 188(2):71-87. Golladay, S.W., P. Gagnon, M. Kearns, J.M. Battle, and D.W. Curole, J.P. 2004. Universal primers for the specific Hicks. 2004. Response of freshwater mussel assemblages amplification of the male mitotype of the Unionoidea (Bivalvia: Unionidae) to a record drought in the Gulf (Bivalvia). Conservation Genetics 5(5):733-735. Coastal Plain of southwestern Georgia. Journal of the Curole, J.P., D.W. Foltz, and K.A. Brown. 2004. Extensive North American Benthological Society 23(3):494-506. allozyme monomorphism in a threatened species of Good, S.C. 2004. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic freshwater mussel, Margaritifera hembeli Conrad (Bivalvia: significance of freshwater bivalves in the Upper Jurassic Margaritiferidae). Conservation Genetics 5(2):271-278. Morrison Formation, Western Interior, USA. Sedimentary Das, S., and B.B. Jana. 2004. Distribution pattern of ambient Geology 167(3-4):163-176. cadmium in wetland ponds distributed along an industrial Gridsada, D., Y. Unakornsawat, P. Rattanadaeng, C. Sutcharit, complex. Chemosphere 55(2):175-185. I. Kong, O. Bang, and S. Panha. 2003. A new species of Davidson, C.L., and D. Gosse. 2004. Status and distribution Solenaia from Thailand (Bivalvia: Unionidae: of freshwater mussels (Unionacea) inhabiting the Saline Ambleminae). Natural History Journal of Chulalongkrn River/Holly Creek Bottoms Area, Saline County, Arkansas. University 3(2):53-58. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Gundacker, C. 2000. Comparison of heavy metal 57(2003):187-192. bioaccumulation in freshwater molluscs of urban river de Lange, H.J., J. de Jonge, P.J. den Besten, J. Oosterbaan, habitats in Vienna. Environmental Pollution 110:61-71. and E.T.H.M. Peeters. 2004. Sediment pollution and Gurevitch, J., and D.K. Padilla. 2004. Response to Ricciardi. predation affect structure and production of benthic Assessing species invasions as a cause of extinction. macroinvertebrate communities in the Rhine-Meuse delta, Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19(12):620. The Netherlands. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 23(3):557-579.

15 Gurevitch, J., and D.K. Padilla. 2004. Are invasive species a (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae) based on molecular data: major cause of extinctions? Trends in Ecology and Implications for their taxonomy and biogeography. Journal Evolution 19(9):470-474. of Molluscan Studies 70(4):379-388. Hada, N., T. Takeda, and Y. Ogihara. 1994. Synthetic studies Hughes, J., A.M. Baker, C. Bartlett, S. Bunn, K. Goudkamp, on oligosaccharide of a glycolipid from the spermatozoa of and J. Somerville. 2004. Past and present patterns of bivalve IX. Synthesis of lipids I, II, and IV. Carbohydrate connectivity among populations of four cryptic species of Research 258:93-104. freshwater mussels Velesunio spp. (Hyriidae) in central Hamilton, S.K., J.L. Tank, D.E. Raikow, E.R. Siler, N.J. Australia. Molecular Ecology 13(10):3197-3212. Dorn, and N.E. Leonard. 2004. The role of instream vs Jass, J., and J. Glenn. 2004. Sexual dimorphism in Lampsilis allochthonous N in stream food webs: modeling the results siliquoidea (Barnes, 1823) (Bivalvia: Unionidae). American of an isotope addition experiment. Journal of the North Malacological Bulletin 18(1-2):45-47. American Benthological Society 23(3):429-448. Johnson, R.I. 2004. The rise and fall of the Boston Society of Hanlon, S.D., and J.F. Levine. 2004. Notes on the life history Natural History. Northeastern Naturalist 11(1):81-108. and demographics of the Savannah lilliput (Toxolasma Jones, J.W. 2004. A holistic approach to taxonomic pullus) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in University Lake, NC. evaluation of two closely related endangered freshwater Southeastern Naturalist 3(2):289-296. mussel species, the oyster mussel (Epioblasma Hart, R.A., J.W. Grier, and A.C. Miller. 2004. Simulation capsaeformis) and tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina models of harvested and zebra mussel colonized threeridge walkeri) (Bivalvia: Unionidae). M.S. Thesis. Virginia mussel populations in the Upper Mississippi River. Tech. University 191 pp. American Midland Naturalist 151(2):301-317. Jones, J.W., M. Culver, V. David, J. Struthers, N.A. Johnson, Hastie, L.C., S.L. Cooksley, F. Scougall, M.R. Young, P.J. R.J. Neves, S.J. O'Brien, and E.M. Hallerman. 2004. Boon, and M.J. Gaywood. 2004. Applications of extensive Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in survey techniques to describe freshwater pearl mussel the endangered oyster mussel Epioblasma capsaeformis distribution and macrohabitat in the River Spey, Scotland. (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Molecular Ecology Notes River Research and Application 20(8):1001-1013. 4(4):649-652. Heath, D., R. Benjamin, K. von Rudin, and J. Janvrin. 2004. Jones, J.W., R.J. Neves, S.A. Ahlstedt, and R.A. Mair. 2004. A survey of freshwater mussel aggregations on the Lower Life history and propagation of the endangered dromedary Black River, Wisconsin. Final Report. Wisconsin Dept. of pearlymussel (Dromus dromas) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) Natural Resources, LaCrosse, Wisconsin 57 pp. Journal of the North American Benthological Society Helms, D. 2004. The first monitoring survey at the BP 23(3):515-525. pipeline crossing site on the Kankakee River near Keller, A.E., D.S. Ruessler, and C.M. Chaffee. 1998. Testing Wilmington, Illinois. Final Report prepared for Stanley the toxicity of sediments contaminated with diesel fuel Consultants, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 14 pp + 3 appendices using glochidia and juvenile mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae). Helms, D. 2004. Results of the first mussel/sediment Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 1:37-47. monitoring survey for the J.T. Cullen barge docking site Klocker, C.A., and D.L. Strayer. 2004. Interactions among located at Mississippi River Pool 14, river mile 518.8, an invasive crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a native crayfish Whiteside County, Illinois. Final Report prepared for J.T. (Orconectes limosus), and native bivalves (Sphaeriidae and Cullen Company, Inc., Fulton, Illinois 17 pp + appendices. Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist 11(2):167-178. Helms, D. 2004. Results of the first mussel monitoring Krebs, R.A. 2004. Combining paternally and maternally survey at the River Trading Company dock facility, inherited mitochondrial DNA for analysis of population Mississippi River Pool 17 (river mile 451) near Muscatine, structure in mussels. Molecular Ecology 13(6):1701-1705. Iowa. Final Report prepared for River Trading Company, Lableniec, M., and T. Gabryelak. 2004. Response of DNA, Maple Grove, Minnesota 21 pp + appendices. proteins and membrane bilayer in the digestive gland cells Henley, W.F. 2004. A guide to sampling freshwater mussel of freshwater mussel Unio tumidus to tannins exposure. populations (Review). Fisheries 29(5):41. Toxicology in Vitro 18(6):773-781. Hoke, E. 2004. The freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Lewter, J.A., A.L. Szalanski, and T. Yamashita. 2004. DNA Unionidae) of the Little Blue River drainage of northeastern sequence analysis of the freshwater mussels Lampsilis Kansas and southeastern Nebraska. Transactions of the hydiana (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in select Ozark and Ouachita Nebraska Academy of Sciences 29:7-24. mountain streams of Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Hovingh, P. 2004. Intermountain freshwater mollusks, USA Academy of Science 57(2003):216-220. (Margaritifera, Anodonta, Gonidea, Vavata, Ferrissia): Lima, P., F. Carvalho, V. Vasconcelos, and J. Machado. Geography, conservation, and fish management 2004. Studies on growth in the early adult of the freshwater implications. Monographs of the Western North American mussel, Anodonta cygnea. Invertebrate Reproduction & Naturalist 2:109-135. Development 45(2):117-125. Hubbs, D.W. 2004. 2003 statewide commercial mussel Lydeard, C., R.H. Cowie, W.F. Ponder, A.E. Bogan, P. report. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Fisheries Bouchet, S.A. Clark, K.S. 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Martin, S.M. 2004. Autobiography of Norman Wallace Nagel, K.-O. 2004. Observations on the reproductive Lermond, Maine’s Naturalist/Socialist. Northeastern period of the freshwater mussel Potomida littoralis Naturalist 11(2):197-228. (Unionidae). Iberus 22(2):1-8. McGregor, S.W., and J.T. Garner. 2004. Changes in the Negri, A.P., and G.J. Jones. 1995. Bioaccumulation of freshwater mussel (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fauna of the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins from the Bear Creek system of northwest Alabama and northeast cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis by the freshwater Mississippi. American Malacological Bulletin 18(1-2): mussel Alathyria condola. Toxicon 33(5):667-678. 61-70. Neves, R.J. 2004. Book Review. A guide to the freshwater McGregor, S.W., and W.R. Haag. 2004. Freshwater mussel mussels of Kentucky. Cicerello and Schuster, 2003. (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and habitat conditions in the upper Journal of the North American Benthological Society Tombigbee River System, Alabama and Mississippi, 1993- 23(2):394-395. 2001. Geological Survey of Alabama Bulletin 176:1-75. O'Rourke, S., K.G. Drouillard, and G.D. Haffner. 2004. McRae, S.E., D. Allan, and J.B. Burch. 2004. Reach- and Determination of laboratory and field elimination rates of catchment-scale determinants of the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the freshwater mussel, freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in south-eastern Elliptio complanata. Archives of Environmental Michigan, USA. Freshwater Biology 49(2):127-142. Contamination & Toxicology 47(1):74-83. Meyer, J.L., L.A. Kaplan, D. Newbold, D L. Strayer, C.J. Orlova, M.I., and V.E. Panov. 2004. Establishment of the Woltemade, J.B. Zedler, R. Beilfuss, Q. Carpenter, R. zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas), in the Neva Semlitsch, M.C. Watzin, and P.H. Zedler. 2003. Where Estuary (Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea): distribution, rivers are born: The scientific imperative for defending population structure and possible impact on local unionid small streams and wetlands. American Rivers and The bivalves. Hydrobiologia 514(1-3):207-217. Sierra Club, Washington, D.C. 23 pp. Ottino, P., and P. Giller. 2004. Distribution, density, diet and Mienis, H.K. 2004. Aquatic Molluscs. pp 332-334 in P. habitat use of the otter in relation to land use in the Araglin Figueras (ed.). Horvat Karkur ‘Illit. Beer-Sheva Valley, Southern Ireland. Biology and Environment: Arcaeological Monographs 1:332-334. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 104B(1):1-17. Mienis, H.K. 2004. Additions to the mollusc fauna of the Parmalee, P.W., and R.R. Polhemus. 2004. Prehistoric and Broekermeer, the Netherlands. Spirula 340:93. pre-impoundment populations of freshwater mussels Mienis, H.K. 2004. The Nile mussel Aspatharia rubens has (Bivalvia: Unionidaue [sic]) in the South Fork Holston got a new name: Chambardia rubens arcuata. The River, Tennessee. Southeastern Naturalist 3(2):231-240. Archaeo+Malacology Group Newsletter 6:4. Peeples, G.E. 2004. Dick Biggins, recovery hero. Miller, A.C., and B.S. Payne. 2004. Reducing risks of Endangered Species Bulletin 28(4):24-25. maintenance dredging on freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in Pereira, P., E. Dias, S. Franca, E. Pereira, M. Carolino, and the Big Sunflower River, Mississippi. Journal of V. Vasconcelos. 2004. Accumulation and depuration of Environmental Management 73(2):147-154. cyanobacterial paralytic shellfish toxins by the freshwater Mills, S.C., and J.D. Reynolds. 2004. The importance of mussel Anodonta cygnea. Aquatic Toxicology species interactions in conservation: the endangered 68(4):339-350. European bitterling Rhodeus sericeus and its freshwater Ponder, W.F., and M. Bayer. 2004. A new species of mussel hosts. Animal Conservation 7(Part 3):257-263. Lortiella (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoidea: Hyriidae) from Mirarchi, R.E., J.T. Garner, M.F. Mettee, and P.E. O’Neil northern Australia. Molluscan Research 24(2):89-102. (eds.). 2004. Alabama Wildlife. Volume 2. Imperiled Poole, K.E., and J.A. Downing. 2004. Relationship of aquatic mollusks and fishes. University of Alabama Press, declining mussel biodiversity to stream-reach and Tuscaloosa 255 pp. watershed characteristics in an agricultural landscape. Mock, K.E., J.C. Brim-Box, M.P. Miller, M.E. Downing, and Journal of the North American Benthological Society W.R. Hoeh. 2004. Genetic diversity and divergence among 23(1):114-125. freshwater mussel (Anodonta) populations in the Bonneville Prezant, R.S., and E.J. Chapman. 2004. Freshwater molluscs Basin of Utah. Molecular Ecology 13:1085-1098. of the United States Military Academy drainages (West Morales, J.J., A.I. Negro, M. Lizana, A. Martinez, and J. Point, NY) and comparative regional biodiversity of Palacios. 2004. Preliminary study of the endangered gastropods. Northeastern Naturalist 11(3):273-294. populations of pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera Reichard, M., C. Smith, and W.C. Jordan. 2004. Genetic (L.) in the River Tera (north-west Spain): habitat analysis evidence reveals density-dependent mediated success of and management considerations. Aquatic Conservation: alternative mating behaviours in the European bitterling Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:587-596. (Rhodeus sericeus). Molecular Ecology 13(6):1569-1578. Mueller, C.R., A.G. Eversole, H. Turker, and D.E. Brune. Renaud, C.B., A.L. Martel, K.L.E. Kaiser, and M.E. Comba. 2004. Effect of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 2004. 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17 Sabine, D.L., S. Makepeace, and D.F. McAlpine. 2004. The (Margaritifera falcata) in a western Washington stream. yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa) in New Brunswick: Journal of Freshwater Ecology 19(3):341-352. A population of significant conservation value. Strayer, D. 2004. The crisis for freshwater invertebrates. Northeastern Naturalist 11(4):407-420. Wings. Essays on Invertebrate Conservation, The Xerces Saker, M.L., J.S. Metcalf, G.A. Codd, and V.M. Vasconcelos. Society Fall:6-11. 2004. Accumulation and depuration of the cyanobacterial Strayer, D.L., and D.R. Smith. 2003. A guide to sampling toxin cylindrospermopsin in the freshwater mussel freshwater mussel populations. American Fisheries Society Anodonta cygnea. Toxicon 43(2):185-194. Monograph 8, Bethesda, Maryland 103 pp. Schanzle, R.W., G.W. Kruse, J.A. Kath, R.A. Klocek, and Strayer, D.L., J.A. Downing, W.R. Haag, T.L. King, J.B. K.S. Cummings. 2004. The freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Layzer, T.J. Newton, and S.J. Nichols. 2004. Changing Unionidae) of the Fox River basin, Illinois and Wisconsin. perspectives on pearly mussels, North America’s most Illinois Natural History Survey Biological Notes 141:1-35. imperiled animals. Bioscience 54(5):429-439. Schone, B.R., E. Dunca, H. Mutvei, and U. Norlund. 2004. A Strenth, N.E., R.G. Howells, and A. Correa-Sandoval. 2004. 217-year record of summer air temperature reconstructed New records of the Texas hornshell Popenaias popeii from freshwater pearl mussels (M. margaritifera, Sweden). (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from Texas and northern Mexico. Quaternary Science Reviews 23:1803-1816. Texas Journal of Science 56(3):223-230. Sethi, S.A., A.R. Selle, M.W. Doyle, E.H. Stanley, and H.E. Swift, M.C., and G.E. Wagenbach. 1999. A survey of mussel Kitchel. 2004. Response of unionid mussels to dam faunas in the Cannon River and Superior National Forest. removal in Koshkonong Creek, Wisconsin. Hydrobiologia Final Report. Prepared for the Minnesota Department of 525:157-165. Natural Resources 39 pp. Sherraden-Chance, S.A., and D.R. Edds. 2004. Mussel Tablado, A., and J. Mantinian. 2004. Catalogo de ejemplares assemblages in a developing oxbow and a newly-cut tipo de la Division Invertebrados del Museo Argentino de channel of the Neosho River, Kansas. American Midland Ciencias naturales. II. Mollusca. Revista del Museo Naturalist 152(2):347-359. Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, N.S. 6(2):363-384. Sherraden, S.A 2002. Mussel assemblages in a developing Thorsen, W.A., D. Forestier, T. Sandifer, P.R. Lazaro, W.G. oxbow and a newly-cut channel of the Neosho River, Cope, and D. Shea. 2004. Elimination rate constants of 46 Kansas. M.S. Thesis. Emporia State University, Emporia, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the unionid mussel, Kansas 26 pp. Elliptio complanata. Archives of Environmental Siegele, R., I. Orlic, D.D. Cohen, S.J. Markich, and R.A. Contamination and Toxicology 47(3):332-340. Jeffree. 2001. Manganese profiles in freshwater mussel Tiemann, J.S., and B.L. Tiemann. 2004. A review of the shells. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics fishes and freshwater mussels of the Tippecanoe River Research B 181:593-597. basin in Indiana, with comments on freshwater mussel life Sietman, B.E., E.A. Anderson, R. Nyboer, and F.R. Hutto. history. American Currents 30(3):7-13. 2004. Native freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Higgins Eye infestation by zebra mussels at the Lost Mound Unit of the pearlymussel (Lampsilis higginsii) recovery plan: First Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge. revision. Prepared by Higgins' Eye Recovery Team, for Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 97(3- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ft. Snelling, Minnesota 4):234-254. 126 pp. Simmons, B. 2004. Mussel treasure. Kansas Wildlife and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Scaleshell mussel draft Parks 61(2):11-14. recovery plan (Leptodea leptodon). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Smith, C., M. Reichard, P. Jurajda, and M. Przybylski. 2004. Service, Fort Snelling, Minnesota 90 pp. The reproductive ecology of the European bitterling Vasseur, P., and C. Leguille. 2004. Defense systems of (Rhodeus sericeus). Journal of Zoology (London) benthic invertebrates in response to environmental stressors. 262(2):107-124. Environmental Toxicology 19(4):433-436. Souza do Vale, R., C.R. Beasley, and C.H. Tagliaro. 2004. Vaughn, C.C. 2003. The mussel fauna of the Glover River, Seasonal variation in the reproductive cycle of a neotropical Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of freshwater mussel (Hyriidae). American Malacological Science 83(2003):1-6. Bulletin 18(1-2):71-78. Vaughn, C.C., and D.E. Spooner. 2004. Status of the mussel Stewart, P.M., D.N. Shelton, J.M. Miller, M.M. Pilarczyk, fauna of the Poteau River and implications for commercial and W.H. Heath. 2004. Continued biological harvest American Midland Naturalist 152(2):336-346. investigations (fish and mussel) of the Conecuh River near Vaughn, C.C., K.B. Gido, and D.E. Spooner. 2004. and below the Point A and Gantt Reservoirs, and two sites Ecosystem processes performed by unionid mussels in each on the Upper Conecuh, Patsaliga Creek, and Sepulga stream mesocosms: species roles and effects of abundance. River in southern Alabama. Report to the Alabama Hydrobiologia 527(1):35-47. Electric Cooperative as part of the Gantt and Point A Villella, R.F., D.R. Smith, and D.P. Lemarie. 2004. Hydroelectric Project Relicensing Agreement for Federal Estimating survival and recruitment in a freshwater mussels Energy Regulatory Commission Project Number 2586-023 population using mark-recapture techniques. American pp.1-64. Midland Naturalist 151(1):114-133. Stone, J., S. Barndt, and M. Gangloff. 2004. Spatial Wagner, A., and J. Boman. 2004. Biomonitoring of trace distribution and habitat use of the western pearlshell mussel elements in Vietnamese freshwater mussels.

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Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy Chadd, R., and C. Existence. 2004. The conservation of 59(8):1125-1132. freshwater macroinvertebrate populations: a community- Walks, D.J., and H. Cyr. 2004. Movement of plankton based classification scheme. Aquatic Conservation: Marine through lake-stream systems. Freshwater Biology and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:597-624. 49(6):745-759. Christian, A.D., J. Vouldin, N. Bickford, S.B. McCord, A. Waller, D.L., T.D. Bills, M.A. Boogaard, D.A. Johnson, and Sako, J. Faris, L. Kanieski, and A. McBride. 2004. Winter T.C.J. Doolittle. 2004. Effects of lampricide exposure on and spring water quality of the Big Creek watershed, the survival, growth, and behavior of the unionid mussels Craighead County, Arkansas: Nutrients, habitat, and Elliptio complanata and Pyganadon cataracta. Journal of macroinvertebrates. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Great Lakes Research 29(Supplement 1):542-551. Science 57:27-36. Wesselingh, F.P., M.E. Rasanen, G. Irion, H.B. Vonhof, R. De Mattia, W. 2003. Subterranean Mollusca of the Trieste’s Kaandorp, and E. Renema. 2001. Lake Pebas: a Karst (Friuli - Venezia Giulia, Italy) (Gastropoda: palaeological reconstruction of a Miocene, long-lived lake Prosobranchia, Basommatophora, Stylommatophora; complex in western Amazonia. Cainozoic Research 1(1- Bivalvia: Pteriodea). Check-list of species, taxonomy, 2):35-81. systematic, ecology, and biogeography. Atti. Mus. Civ. Whaley, R.A., A.M. Cvancara, and K.A. Lippincott. 2004. Stor. Nat., Trieste 50:89-218. House of pearl. Wyoming Wildlife 68(7):12-17. Dugel, M., and N. Kazanci. 2004. Assessment of water Woznicki, P. 2004. Chromosomes of the Chinese mussel quality of the Büyük Menderes River (Turkey) by using Anodonta woodiana (Lea 1834) (Bivalvia, Unionidae) from ordination and classification of macroinvertebrates and the heated Konin Lakes system in Poland. Malacologia environmental variables. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 46(1):205-209. 19(4):605-612. Woznicki, P., and M. Jankun. 2004. Chromosome study of Gong, Z.J., Y.L. Li, and P. Xie. 2004. Life history and Anodonta anatina (L., 1758) (Bivalvia, Unionidae). Folia production of Sphaerium lacustre (Mollusca: Sphaeriidae) Biologica 52(3-4):171-174. in a shallow subtropical Chinese lake. Journal of Woznicki, P., M. Jankun, and A.M. Wisniewska. 2004. A Freshwater Ecology 19(4):709-711. new in vivo method for increasing the mitotic index for Guralnick, R. 2004. Life-history patterns in the brooding teleost fish. Caryologia 57(3):259-261. freshwater bivalve Pisidium (Sphaeriidae). Journal of Wu,-X., -Y. Liang, and -H. Wang. 1999. A comparative Molluscan Studies 70(4):341-351. study on glochidial morphology of Unionidae (Bivalvia). 1. Guralnick, R., E. Hall, and S. Perkins. 2004. A comparative Unio douglasiae, Cuneopsis pisciulus, Acuticosta chinensis approach to understanding causes and consequences of and Acuticosta ovata. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica mollusc-digenean size relationships: A case study with 23(2):141-145. allocreadiid trematodes and Cyclocalyx clams. Journal of Parasitology 90(6):1253-1262. Horsak, M., and K. Neumanova. 2004. Distribution of SPHAERIIDAE (FINGERNAIL AND PILL CLAMS) Pisidium globulare Clessin, 1873 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in Attrill, M.J., S.D. Rundle, and R.M. Thomas. 1996. The the Czech Republic and Slovakia with notes to its ecology influence of drought-induced low freshwater flow on an and morphological characters. Journal of Conchology upper-estuarine macroinvertebrate community. Water 38(Part 4):373-381. Research 30(2):261-268. Ituarte, C.F. 2004. Sphaeriidae (Bivalvia) from Peruvian Auer, N.A., and J.E. Kahn. 2004. Abundance and Amazon floodplains, with the description of Pisidium iquito distribution of benthic invertebrates, with emphasis on new species. Nautilus 118(4):167-174. Diporeia, along the Keweenaw Peninsula, Lake Superior. Johnson, R.K., W. Goedkoop, and L. Sandin. 2004. Spatial Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(Suppl. 1):340-359. scale and ecological relationships between the Barton, D.R. 2004. Differences in wave-zone benthic macroinvertebrate communities of stony habitats of streams invertebrate communities in Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, and lakes. Freshwater Biology 49(9):1179-1194. 1974-2003. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(4):508- Kirkagac, M.U., S. Pulatsu, and G. Koksal. 2004. Effects of 518. land-based trout farms on the benthic macroinvertebrate Beekey, M.A., and D.J. Hornbach. 2004. The effect of size- community in a Turkish brook. Israeli Journal of limited brood capacity on brood size in a freshwater Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 56(1):59-67. bivalve. American Midland Naturalist 151(2):274-285. Klocker, C.A., and D.L. Strayer. 2004. Interactions among Beekey, M.A., and R.H. Karlson. 2004. Apparent sibling an invasive crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), a native crayfish rivalry in the freshwater fingernail clam Sphaerium (Orconectes limosus), and native bivalves (Sphaeriidae and striatinum. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology Unionidae). Northeastern Naturalist 11(2):167-178. 57(1):17-22. Kornyushin, A.V. 2004. Revision of the type collection of Bogan, A.E., and J.M. Alderman. 2004. Workbook and key W. Dybowski and notes on the fauna and taxonomy of to the freshwater bivalves of South Carolina. North small bivalves (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) from Lake Baikal Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 64 pp. [Russian]. Zoologichesky Zhurnal 83(3):275-287. + 5 plates. Lee, T. 2004. Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Buebner, C.B., and M.R. Vinson. 2004. Groundwater genera of North American Sphaeriidae (Bivalvia, Veneroida). invertebrate fauna of the Bear River Range, Utah. Western American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):1-13. North American Naturalist 64(1):131-134. 19 Mérigoux, S., and S. Dolédec. 2004. Hydraulic requirements Basseres, A., F. Simonet, M. Lafont, M. Coste, and J.F. of stream communities: a case study on invertebrates. Narbonne. 2004. Validation of biomarkers for impact Freshwater Biology 49(4):600-613. evaluation of aqueous industrial waste in mesocosms. Mienis, H.K. 2004. When shells begin to talk Water Science & Technology 49(1):123-130. archaeomalacology: An important tool for the archaeologist Bogan, A.E., and J.M. Alderman. 2004. Workbook and key with examples from the excavation of Mallaha, Hula Valley, to the freshwater bivalves of South Carolina. North Israel. pp. 111-116 in B Öztürk, and A. Salman (eds.). 1st Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 64 pp. National Malacology Congress, Izmir, Turkey. Turkish + 5 plates. Journal of Aquatic Life 2(2):111-116 Christian, A.D., J. Vouldin, N. Bickford, S.B. McCord, A. Mouthon, J. 2004. Life cycle of Musculium lacustre Sako, J. Faris, L. Kanieski, and A. McBride. 2004. Winter (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) in the Saone River at Lyon and spring water quality of the Big Creek watershed, (France): a curious life strategy. Annales de Limnologie- Craighead County, Arkansas: Nutrients, habitat, and International Journal of Limnology 40(4):279-284. macroinvertebrates. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Mouthon, J., and M. Magny. 2004. Malacological history of Science 57:27-36. Lake Annecy (France): a comparison of Late Holocene Croteau, M.N., S.N. Luoma, B.R. Topping, and C.B. Lopez. (since 4700 BC) and present mollusc assemblages. Archiv 2004. Stable metal isotopes reveal copper accumulation fur Hydrobiologie 160(4):555-573. and less dynamics in the freshwater bivalve Corbicula. O'Rourke, S., K.G. Drouillard, and G.D. Haffner. 2004. Environmental Science and Technology 38(19):5002-5009. Determination of laboratory and field elimination rates of de Lange, H.J., J. de Jonge, P.J. den Besten, J. Oosterbaan, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the freshwater mussel, and E.T.H.M. Peeters. 2004. Sediment pollution and Elliptio complanata. Archives of Environmental predation affect structure and production of benthic Contamination & Toxicology 47(1):74-83. macroinvertebrate communities in the Rhine-Meuse Delta, Prezant, R.S., and E.J. Chapman. 2004. Freshwater molluscs The Netherlands. Journal of the North American of the United States Military Academy drainages (West Benthological Society 23(3):557-579. Point, NY) and comparative regional biodiversity of Eichhorst, T. 2004. Invasive species. American gastropods. Northeastern Naturalist 11(3):273-294. Conchologist 32(2):11-12. Stanczak, M., and J.B. Keiper. 2004. Benthic invertebrates in Fournier, E., D. Tran, F. Denison, J.C. Massabuau, and J. adjacent created and natural wetlands in northeastern Ohio, Garnier-Laplace. 2004. Valve closure response to uranium USA. Wetlands 24(1):212-218. exposure for a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea): Tablado, A., and J. Mantinian. 2004. Catalogo de ejemplares Quantification of the influence of pH. Environmental tipo de la Division Invertebrados del Museo Argentino de Toxicology & Chemistry 23(5):1108-1114. Ciencias naturales. II. Mollusca. Revista del Museo Gifford, S., R.H. Dunstan, W. O'Connor, T. Roberts, and R. Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, N.S. 6(2):363-384. Toia. 2004. Pearl aquaculture - profitable environmental Tzilkowski, C.J., and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 2004. Biology and diet remediation? Science of the Total Environment 319(1- of the northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus) and stonecat 3):27-37. (Noturus flavus) in French Creek, Pennsylvania. Journal of Howard, D.R., C.M. Trantow, and C.D. Thaler. 2004. the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 78(1):3-11. Motility of a biflagellate sperm: Waveform analysis and Wesselingh, F.P., M.E. Rasanen, G. Irion, H.B. Vonhof, R. cyclic nucleotide activation. Cell Motility & the Kaandorp, and E. Renema. 2001. Lake Pebas: a Cytoskeleton 59(2):120-130. palaeological reconstruction of a Miocene, long-lived lake Hull, M.S., D.S. Cherry, and T.C. Merricks. 2004. Effect of complex in western Amazonia. Cainozoic Research 1(1- cage design on growth of transplanted Asian clams: 2):35-81. implications for assessing bivalve responses in streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 96(1-3):1-14. Hwang, S.J., H.S. Kim, J.K. Shin, J.M. Oh, and D.S. Kong. CORBICULIDAE (ASIAN CLAMS) 2004. Grazing effects of a freshwater bivalve (Corbicula Achard, M., M. Baudrimont, A. Boudou, and J.P. leana Prime) and large zooplankton on phytoplankton Bourdineaud. 2004. Induction of a multixenobiotic communities in two Korean lakes. Hydrobiologia 515(1- resistance protein (MXR) in the Asiatic clam Corbicula 3):161-179. fluminea after heavy metals exposure. Aquatic Toxicology Hyland, J.L., W.L. Balthis, M. Posey, C.T. Hackney, and T. 67(4):347-357. Alphin. 2004. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of North Amestoy, F., M. Spinetti, and G. Fabino. 1998. Aquatic Carolina estuaries. Estuaries 27(3):501-514. species introduced in Uruguay. Verhandlungen Izumi, T., Y. Itoh, K. Yagita, T. Endo, and T. Ohyama. 2004. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Brackish water benthic shellfish (Corbicula japonica) as a Angewandte Limnologie 26(5):2170-2173. biological indicator for Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in Baba, K., T. Kawajiri, Y. Kuwahara, and S. Nakao. 2004. An river water. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and environmentally based growth model that uses finite Toxicology 72(1):29-37. difference calculus with maximum likelihood method: its Kesler, D.H. 2004. Influence of a lentic area on condition application to the brackish water bivalve Corbicula indices of Corbicula fluminea in the Wolf River, Tennessee. japonica in Lake Abashiri, Japan. Fishery Bulletin Journal of Freshwater Ecology 19(3):445-453. 102(1):14-24.

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Lecoeur, S., B. Videmann, and P. Berny. 2004. Evaluation of the germinal vesicle stage. Development Growth & metallothionein as a biomarker of single and combined Differentiation 46(5):439-447. Cd/Cu exposure in Dreissena polymorpha. Environmental Tran, D., J.C. Massabuau, and J. Garnier-Laplace. 2004. Research 94(2):184-191. Effect of carbon dioxide on uranium bioaccumulation in the Mienis, H.K. 2004. When shells begin to talk freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea. Environmental archaeomalacology: An important tool for the archaeologist Toxicology & Chemistry 23(3):739-747. with examples from the excavation of Mallaha, Hula Valley, Tzilkowski, C.J., and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 2004. Biology and diet Israel. pp. 111-116 in B Öztürk, and A. Salman (eds.). 1st of the northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus) and stonecat National Malacology Congress, Izmir, Turkey. Turkish (Noturus flavus) in French Creek, Pennsylvania. Journal of Journal of Aquatic Life 2(2):111-116 the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 78(1):3-11. Mouthon, J., and T. Parghentanian. 2004. Comparison of the Uchisawa, H., A. Sato, J. Ichita, H. Matsue, and T. Ono. life cycle and population dynamics of two Corbicula 2004. Influence of low-temperature processing of the species, C. fluminea and C. fluminalis (Bivalvia: brackish-water bivalve, Corbicula japonica, on the Corbiculidae) in two French canals. Archiv fur ornithine content of its extract. Bioscience, Biotechnology Hydrobiologie 161(2):267-287. & Biochemistry 68(6):1228-1234. Newell, R.I.E., and E.W. Koch. 2004. Modeling seagrass Wesselingh, F.P., M.E. Rasanen, G. Irion, H.B. Vonhof, R. density and distribution in response to changes in turbidity Kaandorp, and E. Renema. 2001. Lake Pebas: a stemming from bivalve filtration and seagrass sediment palaeological reconstruction of a Miocene, long-lived lake stabilization. Estuaries 27(5):793-806. complex in western Amazonia. Cainozoic Research 1(1- Oshima, K., N. Suzuki, M. Nakamura, and K. Sakuramoto. 2):35-81. 2004. Shell growth and age determination of the brackish water bivalve Corbicula japonica in Lake Shinji, Japan. OTHER BIVALVES Fisheries Science 70(4):601-610. Park, G.-M., and E.-Y. Chung. 2004. Histological studies on (DREISSENIDAE, MYTILIDAE, ETC.) hermaphroditism, gametogenesis and cyclic changes in the Aldridge, D.C., P. Elliott, and G.D. Moggridge. 2004. The structures of marsupial gills of the introduced Asiatic clam, recent and rapid spread of the zebra mussel (Dreissena Corbicula fluminea, and the Korean clam, Corbicula leana. polymorpha) in Great Britain. Biological Conservation Journal of Shellfish Research 23(1):179-184. 119(2):253-261. Park, J.K., B.L. Choe, and K.S. Eom. 2004. Two mitochondrial Alexander, J.E., and R.F. McMahon. 2004. Respiratory lineages in Korean freshwater Corbicula (Corbiculidae: response to temperature and hypoxia in the zebra mussel Bivalvia). Molecules & Cells 17(3):410-414. Dreissena polymorpha. Comparative Biochemistry & Rife, G.S., and D.L. Moody. 2004. Aquatic Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology macroinvertebrate communities from the Portage River 137(2):425-434. watershed headwater streams (Wood County, Ohio). Ohio Amestoy, F., M. Spinetti, and G. Fabino. 1998. Aquatic Journal of Science 104(2):29-35. species introduced in Uruguay. Verhandlungen Schanzle, R.W., G.W. Kruse, J.A. Kath, R.A. Klocek, and Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und K.S. Cummings. 2004. The freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Angewandte Limnologie 26(5):2170-2173. Unionidae) of the Fox River basin, Illinois and Wisconsin. Anteau, M.J., and A.D. Afton. 2004. Nutrient reserves of Illinois Natural History Survey Biological Notes 141:1-35. Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) during spring migration in the Simon, O., and J. Garnier-Laplace. 2004. 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21 Bervoets, L., J. Voets, S.G. Chu, A. Covaci, P. Schepens, and Czarnoleski, M., L. Michalczyk, and A. Pajdak-Stos. 2004. R. Blust. 2004. Comparison of accumulation of Substrate preference in settling zebra mussels Dreissena micropollutants between indigenous and transplanted zebra polymorpha. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 159(2):263-270. mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Environmental Darrigran, G.A., M.E. Maronas, and D.C. Colautti. 2004. Air Toxicology & Chemistry 23(8):1973-1983. exposure as a control mechanism for the golden mussel, Binelli, A., F. Ricciardi, and A. Provini. 2004. Present status Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Journal of of POP contamination in Lake Maggiore (Italy). Freshwater Ecology 19(3):461-464. Chemosphere 57(1):27-34. de Lange, H.J., J. de Jonge, P.J. den Besten, J. Oosterbaan, Binelli, A., R. Bacchetta, P. Mantecca, F. Ricciardi, A. Provini, and E.T.H.M. Peeters. 2004. Sediment pollution and and G. Vailati. 2004. 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The effects for genotoxicity assessment of surface drinking water of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on the foraging treated with three different disinfectants. Science of the success of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe Total Environment 333(1-3):127-136. (Gymnocephalus cernuus). International Review of Boron, A., P. Woznicki, L. Skuza, and R. Zielinski. 2004. Hydrobiology 89(3):229-237. Cytogenetic characterization of the zebra mussel Dreissena Diggins, T.P., M. Weimer, K.M. Stewart, R.E. Baier, A.E. polymorpha (Pallas) from Miedwie Lake, Poland. Folia Meyer, R.F. Forsberg, and M.A. Goehle. 2004. Epiphytic Biologica 52(1-2):33-38. refugium: are two species of invading freshwater bivalves Buschini, A., A. Martino, B. Gustavino, M. Monfrinotti, P. partitioning spatial resources? Biological Invasions Poli, C. Rossi, A. Santoro, A.M. Dorr, and M. Rizzoni. 6(1):83-88. 2004. Comet assay and micronucleus test in circulating Drake, J.M., and J.M. Bossenbroek. 2004. 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Gifford, S., R.H. Dunstan, W. O'Connor, T. Roberts, and R. bream population and the expansion of Chara aspera in Toia. 2004. Pearl aquaculture - profitable environmental Lake Veluwe. Ecological Modelling 177(3-4):233-244. remediation? Science of the Total Environment 319(1- Lauer, T.E., and A. Spacie. 2004. An association between 3):27-37. freshwater sponges and the zebra mussel in a southern Lake Graczyk, T.K., D.B. Conn, F. Lucy, D. Minchin, L. Tamang, Michigan harbor. Journal of Freshwater Ecology L.N.S. Moura, and A.J. DaSilva. 2004. Human waterborne 19(4):631-637. parasites in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) from the Lauer, T.E., and A. Spacie. 2004. Space as a limiting Shannon River drainage area, Ireland. Parasitology resource in freshwater systems: competition between zebra Research 93(5):385-391. mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and freshwater sponges Gurevitch, J., and D.K. Padilla. 2004. Response to Ricciardi. (Porifera). Hydrobiologia 517(1-3):137-145. 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23 MacIsaac. 2004. Range expansion of quagga mussels Journal of the North American Benthological Society Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in the Volga River and 23(3):507-514. Caspian Sea basin. Aquatic Ecology 38(4):561-573. Rudstam, L.G., A.J. VanDeValk, C.M. Adams, J.T.H. Osman, A.M., S. Rotteveel, P.J. den Besten, and P.C.M. van Coleman, J.L. Forney, and M.E. Richmond. 2004. Noort. 2004. In vivo exposure of Dreissena polymorpha Cormorant predation and the population dynamics of mussels to the Quinones menadione and lawsone: walleye and yellow perch in Oneida Lake. Ecological Menadione is more toxic to mussels than lawsone. Journal Applications 14(1):149-163. of Applied Toxicology 24(2):135-141. Sano, L.L., M.A. Mapili, A. Krueger, E. Garcia, D. Gossiaux, Palmer, M.E., and A. Ricciardi. 2004. Physical factors K. Phillips, and P.F. Landrum. 2004. 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Eichhorst, T. 2004. Invasive species. American Hamilton-Bruce, R., B.P. Kear, and B.J. Smith. 2004. A Conchologist 32(2):11-12. new non-marine Early Cretaceous gastropod species from Evans, R.T., B. Fried, and J. Sherma. 2004. Effects of diet and Lightning Ridge, New South Wales. Alcheringa larval trematode parasitism on lutein and beta-carotene 28(2):485-492. concentrations in planorbid snails as determined by Hershler, R., and H.-P. Liu. 2004. Taxonomic reappraisal quantitative high performance reversed phase thin layer of species assigned to the North American freshwater chromatography. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology. gastropod subgenus Natricola (Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae). Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 137(2):179-186. Veliger 47(1):88-81. Facon, B., E. Machline, J.P. Pointier, and P. David. 2004. Hershler, R., and H.P. -Liu. 2004. A molecular phylogeny Variation in desiccation tolerance in freshwater snails and of aquatic gastropods provides a new perspective on its consequences for invasion ability. Biological Invasions biogeographic history of the Snake River Region. 6(3):283-293. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(3):927-937. Foote, B.A., and J.B. Keiper. 2004. The snail-killing flies of Hershler, R., H.-P. Liu, and M. Mulvey. 1999. Ohio (Insecta: Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Kirtlandia 54:43-90. Phylogenetic relationships within the aquatic snail genus Gal, J., M.V. Bobkova, V.V. Zhukov, I.P. Shepeleva, and Tryonia: Implications for biogeography of the North V.B. Meyer-Ruchow. 2004. Fixed focal-length optics in American southwest. Molecular Phylogenetics and pulmonate snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda): squaring Evolution 13(2):377-391. phylogenetic background and ecophysiological needs (II). Hovingh, P. 2004. Intermountain freshwater mollusks, Invertebrate Biology 123(2):116-127. USA (Margaritifera, Anodonta, Gonidea, Vavata, Genner, M.J., E. Michel, D. Erpenbeck, N. De Voogd, F. Ferrissia): Geography, conservation, and fish Witte, J.P. Pointier. 2004. Camouflaged invasion of Lake management implications. Monographs of the Western Malawi by an Oriental gastropod. Molecular Ecology North American Naturalist 2:109-135. 13(8):2135-2141. Jass, J.P. 2004. Distributions of gastropods in Wisconsin. Gerard, C. 2004. First occurrence of Schistosomatidae Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and infecting Aplexa hypnorum (Gastropoda, Physidae) in Geology 99:1-28. France. Parasite 11(2):231-234. Jensen, A., V.E. Forbes, and E.D. Parker. 2001. Glaubrecht, M. 2004. Leopold von Buch’s legacy: Treating Variation in cadmium uptake, feeding rate, and life- species as dynamic natural entities, or why geography history effects in the gastropod Potamopyrgus matters. American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):111-134. antipodarum: Linking toxicant effects on individuals to Glaubrecht, M., and E.E. Strong. 2004. Spermatophores of the population level. Environmental Toxicology and thalassoid gastropods (Paludomidae) in Lake Tanganyika, Chemistry 20(11):2503-2513. East Africa, with a survey of their occurrence in Johnson, P.T.J., D.R. Sutherland, J.M. Kinsella, and K.B. Cerithioidea: functional and phylogenetic implications. Lunde. 2004. Review of the trematode genus Ribeiroia Invertebrate Biology 123(3):218-236. (Psilostomidae): Ecology, life history and pathogenesis Gonzalez, J.M., A. Basaguren, and J. Pozo. 2004. with special emphasis on the amphibian malformation Macroinvertebrate communities along a third-order Iberian problem [Review]. Advances in Parasitology 57:191-253. stream. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Jorgensen, A., T.K. Kristensen, and J.R. Stothard. 2004. Limnology 39(4):287-296. An investigation of the "Ancyloplanorbidae" (Gastropoda, Gow, J.L., L.R. Noble, D. Rollinson, R. Mimpfoundi, and C.S. Pulmonata, Hygrophila): preliminary evidence from DNA Jones. 2004. Breeding system and demography shape sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution population genetic structure across ecological and climatic 32(3):778-787. zones in the African freshwater snail, Bulinus forskalii Kadolsky, D. 2004. Comment on the proposed conservation (Gastropoda, Pulmonata), intermediate host for schistosomes of Melania curvicostata Reeve, 1861 and Goniobasis [Review]. Molecular Ecology 13(11):3561-3573. paupercula Lea, 1862 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) by Graening, G.O. 2004. Subterranean biodiversity of Arkansas, designation of a neotype for M. curvicostata. Bulletin of Part 2: Status update of the Foushee Cavesnail, Amnicola Zoological Nomenclature 61(2):106-108. cora Hubright, 1979 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae). Kawano, T., L.C. Watanabe, E. Nakano, C.M.M.Y. Araujo, Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science W. Caldeira, A.D. Ribeir, and H. Spring. 2004. 57(2003):195-196. Observation of some key stages of the embryonic Gundacker, C. 2000. Comparison of heavy metal development of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) bioaccumulation in freshwater molluscs of urban river (Molluska, Planorbidae). Invertebrate Reproduction & habitats in Vienna. Environmental Pollution 110:61-71. Development 46(2-3):85-91. Guralnick, R.P. 2004. Integrating historical and functional Kefford, B.J., A. Dalton, C.G. Palmer, and D. Nugegoda. data to examine feeding in gastropods. American 2004. The salinity tolerance of eggs and hatchlings of Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):24-29. selected aquatic macroinvertebrates in south-east Australia Haase, M. 2003. Clinal variation in shell morphology of the and South Africa. Hydrobiologia 517(1-3):179-192. freshwater gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum along two Kefford, B.J., C.G. Palmer, L. Pakhomova, and D. hill country streams in New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Nugegoda. 2004. Comparing test systems to measure the Society of New Zealand 33(2):549-560. salinity tolerance of freshwater invertebrates. Water SA 30(4):499-506.

27 Kiehn, L., S.T. Mukai, and A.S.M. Saleuddin. 2004. The role Basammatophora: Ancylidae). American Malacological of calcium on protein secretion of the albumen gland in Bulletin 19(1-2):101-109. Helisoma duryi (Gastropoda). Invertebrate Biology Mérigoux, S., and S. Dolédec. 2004. Hydraulic requirements 123(4):304-315. of stream communities: a case study on invertebrates. Killeen, I.J., and B. McFarland. 2004. The distribution and Freshwater Biology 49(4):600-613. ecology of Gyraulus acronicus (Ferussac, 1807) Michel, E. 2004. Vinundu, a new genus of gastropod (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in England. Journal of (Cerithioidea: 'Thiaridae') with two species from Lake Conchology 38(Part 4):441-456. Tanganyika, East Africa, and its molecular phylogenetic Kirkagac, M.U., S. Pulatsu, and G. Koksal. 2004. Effects of relationships. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70(1):1-19. land-based trout farms on the benthic macroinvertebrate Mienis, H.K. 2004. When shells begin to talk community in a Turkish brook. Israeli Journal of archaeomalacology: An important tool for the archaeologist Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 56(1):59-67. with examples from the excavation of Mallaha, Hula Valley, Kleiman, F., S. Pietrokovsky, W.L. Paraense, and C. Israel. pp. 111-116 in B Öztürk, and A. Salman (eds.). 1st Wisnivesky-Colli. 2004. Southernmost finding of National Malacology Congress, Izmir, Turkey. Turkish Lymnaea viatrix Orbigny, 1835 (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), Journal of Aquatic Life 2(2):111-116 intermediate host of Fasciloa hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) Mienis, H.K. 2004. Finally a confirmation of the presence of (Trematoda: Digenea), in urban and rural areas of the pointed fountain snail (Haitia acuta) on the Isle of Patagonia, Argentina. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Terschelling. Spirula 340:97. Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 99(1):23-24. Mienis, H.K. 2004. Smurfslak ook op Marken. Voelspriet Kloos, H., L.K.J. Passos, P. LoVerde, R.C. Oliveira, and A. November:1. Gazzinelli. 2004. Distribution and Schistosoma mansoni Minton, R.L., A.E. Bogan, J.A. Brooks, and D.M. Hayes. infection of Biomphalaria glabrata in different habitats in a 2004. Taxonomic revision of Elimia christyi and E. rural area in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil: interrupta (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae). Environmental and epidemiological aspects. Memorias do Zootaxa 735:1-9. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 99(7):673-681. Mirarchi, R.E., J.T. Garner, M.F. Mettee, and P.E. O’Neil Koch, M. 2004. Faunal survey. I. The distribution of aquatic (eds.). 2004. Alabama Wildlife. Volume 2. Imperiled gastropods of the New England tablelands. Memoirs of the aquatic mollusks and fishes. University of Alabama Press, Queensland Museum 49(2):653-658. Tuscaloosa 255 pp. Lombardo, P., and G.D. Cooke. 2004. Resource use and Moline, A.B., S.M. Shuster, D.A. Hendrickson, and J.C. partitioning by two co-occurring freshwater gastropod Marks. 2004. Genetic variation in a desert aquatic snail species. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 159(2):229-251. (Nymphophilus minckleyi) from Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Lydeard, C., R.H. Cowie, W.F. Ponder, A.E. Bogan, P. Mexico. Hydrobiologia 522(1-3):179-192. Bouchet, S.A. Clark, K.S. Cummings, T.J. Frest, O. Moura, K.R.S., W.R. Terra, and A.F. Ribeiro. 2004 The Gargominy, D.G. Herbert, R. Hershler, K.E. Perez, B. Roth, functional organization of the salivary gland of M. Seddon, E.E. Strong, and F.G. Thompson. 2004. The Biomphalaria straminea (Gastropoda: Planorbidae): global decline of nonmarine mollusks. Bioscience Secretory mechanisms and enzymatic determinations. 54(4):321-330. Journal of Molluscan Studies 70(1):21-29. MacKenzie, R.A., J.L. Kaster, and J. Val Klump. 2004. The Mouthon, J., and M. Magny. 2004. Malacological history of ecological patterns of benthic invertebrates in a Great Lakes Lake Annecy (France): a comparison of Late Holocene coastal wetland. Journal of Great Lakes Research (since 4700 BC) and present mollusc assemblages. Archiv 30(1):58-69. fur Hydrobiologie 160(4):555-573. Makoni, P., M.J. Chimbari, and H. Madsen. 2004. Predator Mower, C.M., and A.M. Turner. 2004. Behavior, avoidance in Bulinus globosus (Morelet, 1866) and B. morphology, and the coexistence of two pulmonate snails tropicus (Krauss, 1848) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) exposed with molluscivorous fish: A comparative approach. to predatory and non-predatory fish. Journal of Molluscan American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):39-46. Studies 70(4):353-358. Mukai, S.T., T. Hoque, F. Morishita, and A.S.M. Saleuddin. Mangum, F.A., and J.L. Madrigal. 1999. Rotenone effects on 2004. Cloning and characterization of a candidate nutritive aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River, Utah: glycoprotein from the albumen gland of the freshwater A five-year summary. Journal of Freshwater Ecology snail, Helisoma duryi (Mollusca: Pulmonata). Invertebrate 14(1):125-1 Biology 123(1):83-92. Mantel, S.K., and D. Dudgeon. 2004. Dietary variation in a Nakano, T., and T. Ozawa. 2004. Phylogeny and historical predatory shrimp Macrobrachium hainanense biogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda (Palaemonidae) in Hong Kong forest streams. Archiv fur based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Hydrobiologie 160(3):305-328. Molluscan Studies 70(1):31-41. McCarthy, T.M. 2004. Effects of pair-type andisolation time Nolan, M.J., and T.H. Cribb. 2004. The life cycle of on mating interactions of a freshwater snail, Physa gyrina Paracardicoloides yamagutii Martin, 1974 (Digenea: (Say, 1821). American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2): Sanguinicolidae). Folia Parasitologica 51(4):320-326. 47-55. Ondrackova, M., A. Simkova, M. Gelnar, and P. Jurajda. McMahon, R.F. 2004. A 15-year study of interannual shell- 2004. Posthodiplostomum cuticola (Digenea: shape in a population of freshwater limpets (Pulmonata: Diplostomatidae) in intermediate fish hosts: factors

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contributing to the parasite infection and prey selection by watershed headwater streams (Wood County, Ohio). the definitive bird host. Parasitology 129(6):761-770. Ohio Journal of Science 104(2):29-35. Overstreet, R.M., and S.S. Curran. 2004. Defeating Rikihisa, Y., C. Zhang, M. Kanter, Z.H. Cheng, N. Ohashi, diplostomoid dangers in USA catfish aquaculture. Folia and T. Fukuda. 2004. Analysis of p51, groESL, and the Parasitologica 51(2-3):153-165. major antigen P51 in various species of Neorickettsia, an Padilla, D.K., and S.L. Williams. 2004. Beyond ballast obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects trematodes water; aquarium and ornamental trades as sources of and mammals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology invasive species in aquatic ecosystems. Frontiers in 42(8):3823-3826. Ecology and the Environment 2(3):131-138. Ropstorf, P., and F. Riedel. 2004. Deep-water gastropods Papadopoulos, L.N., J.A. Todd, and E. Michel. 2004. endemic to Lake Baikal - An SEM study on protoconchs Adulthood and phylogenetic analysis in gastropods: and radulae. Journal of Conchology 38(3):253-282. character recognition and coding in shells of Lavigeria Rosa, F.M., R.L. Caldeira, O. dos Santos Carvalho, A.L. (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae) from Lake Tanganyika. Zoological Brunialti Godard, and P.M. Zech Coelho. 2004. Dominant Journal of the Linnean Society 140(2):223-240. character of the molecular marker of a Biomphalaria Paraense, W.L. 2004. Planorbidae, Lymnaeidae and tenagophila strain (Mollusca: Planorbidae) resistant to Physidae of Ecuador (Mollusca: Basommatophora). Schistosoma mansoni. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 99(1):85-87. 99(4):357-362. Rumi, A., D.E.G. Gregoric, M.A. Roche, and M.P. Tassara. Perez, A.M., and S.J. Lopez. 2003. Listado de la 2004. Population structure in Drepanotrema kermatoides malacofauna continental (Mollusca: Gastropoda) del and D-cimex (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) in natural pacifico de Nicaragua. Revista de Biología Tropical conditions. Malacologia 45(2):453-458. 51(3):405-451. Schmidt, C.K., and H.-J. Brauch. 2004. Impact of Pip, E. 2004. A new species of Physella (Gastropoda: amonipolycarboxylates on aquatic organisms and Physiidae) endemic to lake Winnipeg, Canada. Visaya eutrophication: Overview of available data. Environmental 2:42-48. Toxicology 19(6):620-637. Pointier, J.P., and P. David. 2004. Biological control of Schneck, J.L., and B. Fried. 2004. Effects of snail size on Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of encystment of Echinostoma caproni in juvenile schistosomes, by Marisa cornuarietis in ponds of Biomphalaria glabrata (NMRI strain) and observations on Guadeloupe: long-term impact on the local snail fauna and the survival of infected snails. Journal of Helminthology aquatic flora. Biological Control 29(1):81-89. 78(3):277-279. Pointier, J.P., R.J. DeJong, L.A.T. Tchuente, T.K. Kristensen, Schneck, J.L., B. Fried, and J. Sherma. 2004. Effects of and E.S. Loker. 2004. A neotropical snail host of aging on the neutral and polar lipid composition of Schistosoma mansoni introduced into Africa and Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions. consequences for the schistosomiasis transmission Veliger 47(2):100-102. Biomphalaria tenagophila in Kinshasa (Democratic Schneck, J.L., S.R. Bandstra, B. Fried, and J. Sherma. 2004. Republic of Congo). Acta Tropica 93(2):191-199. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids in Ponder, E.L., and B. Fried. 2004. Effects of snail size and snail conditioned water and feces of Biomphalaria diet on encystment of Echinostoma caproni cercariae in glabrata infected with Echinostoma caproni. Journal of juvenile Helisoma trivolvis (Colorado strain) and Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies observations on survival of infected snails. Journal of 27(13):2039-2045. Parasitology 90(2):422-424. Singh, A., and D.K. Singh. 2004. Effect of herbal Prezant, R.S., and E.J. Chapman. 2004. Freshwater molluscs molluscicides and their combinations on the reproduction of of the United States Military Academy drainages (West the snail Lymnaea acuminata. Archives of Environmental Point, NY) and comparative regional biodiversity of Contamination and Toxicology 46(4):362-371. gastropods. Northeastern Naturalist 11(3):273-294. Stewart, P.M., D.N. Shelton, J.M. Miller, M.M. Pilarczyk, and Puurtinen, M., K.E. Knott, S. Suonpaa, T. van Ooik, and V. W.H. Heath. 2004. Continued biological investigations (fish Kaitala. 2004. Genetic variability and drift load in and mussel) of the Conecuh River near and below the Point populations of an aquatic snail. Evolution 58(4):749-756. A and Gantt Reservoirs, and two sites each on the Upper Puurtinen, M., M. Hytonen, K.E. Knott, J. Taskinen, K. Conecuh, Patsaliga Creek, and Sepulga River in southern Nissinen, and V. Kaitala. 2004. The effects of mating Alabama. Report to the Alabama Electric Cooperative as system and genetic variability on susceptibility to trematode part of the Gantt and Point A Hydroelectric Project parasites in a freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Relicensing Agreement for Federal Energy Regulatory Evolution 58(12)2747-2753. Commission Project Number 2586-023 pp.1-64. Richards, D.C., and D.C. Cazier Shinn. 2004. Intraspecific Stewart, T.W., and R.T. Dillon, Jr. 2004. Species competition and development of size structure in the composition and geographic distribution of Virginia’s invasive snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1853). freshwater gastropod fauna: A review using historical American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):33-37. records. American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):79-91. Rife, G.S., and D.L. Moody. 2004. Aquatic Szarowska, M., and T. Wilke. 2004. Sadleriana pannonica macroinvertebrate communities from the Portage River (Frauenfeld, 1865): A lithoglyphid, hydrobiid or amnicolid taxon? Journal of Molluscan Studies 70(1):49-57.

29 Tablado, A., and J. Mantinian. 2004. Catalogo de ejemplares Analysis of the first and second internal transcribed tipo de la Division Invertebrados del Museo Argentino de spacer sequences of the ribosomal DNA in Biomphalaria Ciencias naturales. II. Mollusca. Revista del Museo tenagophila complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae). Memórias Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, N.S. 6(2):363-384. do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 99(2):153-158. Thiengo, S.C., A.C. Mattos, M.F. Boaventura, M.S. Loureiro, Watson, A.M., and S.J. Ormerod. 2004. The S.B. Santos, and M.A. Fernandez. 2004. Freshwater snails microdistribution of three uncommon freshwater gastropods and Schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the drainage ditches of British grazing marshes. Aquatic Brazil: V - Norte Fluminense Mesoregion. Memórias do Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 99(Suppl. 1):99-103. 14(3):221-236. Tiwari, F., and D.K. Singh. 2004. Attraction to amino acids Wesselingh, F.P., M.E. Rasanen, G. Irion, H.B. Vonhof, R. by Lymnaea acuminata, the snail host of Fasciola species. Kaandorp, and E. Renema. 2001. Lake Pebas: a Brazilian Journal of Medical & Biological Research palaeological reconstruction of a Miocene, long-lived lake 37(4):587-590. complex in western Amazonia. Cainozoic Research 1(1-2): Turner, R.L., and P.M. Mikkelsen. 2004. Annotated 35-81. bibliography of the Florida applesnail, Pomacea paludosa Wethington, A.R., and R.T. Dillon, Jr. 2004. Are populations (Say) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae), from 1824 to 1999. of physids from different hot springs distinctive lineages? Nemouria 48:1-188. American Malacological Bulletin 19(1-2):135-144. Tzilkowski, C.J., and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 2004. Biology and diet Yusa, Y. 2004. Inheritance of colour polymorphism and the of the northern madtom (Noturus stigmosus) and stonecat pattern of sperm competition in the apple snail Pomacea (Noturus flavus) in French Creek, Pennsylvania. Journal of canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae). Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 78(1):3-11. Molluscan Studies 70(1):43-48. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Technical/Agency Yusa, Y. 2004. Brood sex ratio in the apple snail Pomacea draft recovery plan for 6 Mobile River basin aquatic snails. canaliculata (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) is determined U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Jackson, Mississippi 53 pp. genetically and not by environmental factors. Journal of Urabe, M., and M. Hinoue. 2004. Component community Molluscan Studies 70(3):269-275. dynamics of larval trematodes in the freshwater snail Zbikowska, E. 2004. Infection of snails with bird Semisulcospira nakasekoae in the Uji River, central Japan. schistosomes and the threat of swimmer's itch in selected Journal of Helminthology 78(4):361-370. Polish lakes. Parasitology Research 92(1):30-35. Vidigal, T.H.D.A., L. Spatz, J.C. Kissinger, R.A.F. Redondo, E.C.R. Pires, A.J.G. Simpson, and O.S. Carvalho. 2004.

Helpful Hints from Hoppy:

Hoppy Says — Big time heat

wave...excellent sampling conditions...great time for shelling!!!

Submitted by Steve Ahlstedt

30

Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society Membership List - August 2005 Please contact Patty Morrison, FMCS secretary, with any corrections/changes.

Jae Abel Rafael Araujo Chris Barnhart Santa Clara Valley Water District Museo Nacional De Ciencias Naturales Southwest Missouri State Univ. 310 Victoria Place Jose Guttierrez Abascal, 2 901 S. National Ave. Palo Alto, CA 94306 Madrid, 28006 Springfield, MO 65804 408-265-2607 Spain 417-836-5166 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Steve Ahlstedt Brian Armitage Michelle Bartsch 1820 Midpark Drive, Suite A Midwest Biodiversity Institute, Inc. USGS-UMESC Knoxville, TN 37828 5580 Olentangy River Rd. 2630 Fanta Reed Road 865-545-4140 Columbus, OH 43235-3444 La Crosse, WI 54603 [email protected] 614-899-7417 608-781-6285 [email protected] [email protected] John Alderman 244 Red Gate Road Elizabeth Ashcroft Chris Bedel Pittsboro, NC 27312 Arkansas State University Cincinnati Museum Center 919-542-5331 P.O. Box 444 19 Abner Hollow Road [email protected] Horn Lake, MS 38637 Lynx, OH 45650 662-393-0878 937-544-2880 Dan Allen [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 5114 Cookeville, TN 38505 James Atkinson Eric Belt 931-372-6355 Michigan State University Ecological Specialists, Inc. [email protected] Dept. Zoology 1417 Hoff Industrial Drive East Lansing, MI 48824-1115 O'Fallon, MO 63366 Dennis Anderson 517-353-2269 636-281-1982 USACE [email protected] [email protected] 190 5th St. E St Paul, MN 55101-1638 Peter Badra David Berg 651-290-5272 MI Natural Features Inventory Dept. of Zoology [email protected] Mason Building Miami University P.O. Box 30444 Oxford, OH 45056 Richard Anderson Lansing, MI 48909 513-529-3174 Western Illinois Univ. 517-241-4179 [email protected] Dept. Biological Sciences [email protected] Waggoner Hall 381 Matt Berg Macomb, IL 61455 Nolan Banish Grantsburg High School 309-298-2408 NC Wildlife Resources Commission 9816 Elbow Lake Road [email protected] 1212 Norris Street Siren, WI 54872 Raleigh, NC 27604 715-463-5165 Robert Anderson 919-828-7638 [email protected] USFWS [email protected] 315 South Allen Street, Suite 322 Randall Bernot State College, PA 16801 Lee Barclay University of Notre Dame 814-234-4090 USFWS 107 Galvin Life Science Center [email protected] 446 Neal St. Dept. of Biological Cookeville, TN 38501 Notre Dame, IN 46556-0369 Tamara Anderson 931-528-6481 574-631-2665 University of Colorado Museum [email protected] [email protected] 285 Smith Street Lander, WY 82520 Richard Biggins 307-335-8662 55 Pyfrom Drive [email protected] Swannanoa, NC 28778 828-299-9128 [email protected] 31

Juan Felipe Blanco David Braatz John Burch Dept. Biol. Univ. Puerto Rico Streamside Systems Univ. of Michigan FB-241 University Station P.O. Box 245 Museum of Zoology P.O. Box 23360 Boonville, NC 27011 1109 Geddes Ave. San Juan, PR 00917 336-367-7999 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079 787-565-7531 [email protected] 734-647-2189 [email protected] [email protected] Megan Bradburn Arthur Bogan University of Missouri Summer Burdick NC Museum Natural Sciences 302 ABNR Bldg. NC State University 4301 Reedy Creek Road Columbia, MO 65211 1212 Norris Street Raleigh, NC 27607 573-884-8530 Raleigh, NC 919-733-7450 x 753 [email protected] 919-609-2051 [email protected] [email protected] Tony Brady Susan Bolden Genoa Fish Hatchery Jennifer Bury Yale University S 5689 State Road 35 Univ. Minnesota 370 Prospect Street Genoa, WI 54632 3675 Highland Ave., Apt. D24 New Haven, CT 06511 608-689-2605 White Bear Lake, MN 55110 203-432-5321 [email protected] 651-762-1048 [email protected] [email protected] Robert Bringolf Francisco Borrero NC State Univ. Amy Bush Cincinnati Museum Center 3000 Simonton Ct. Virginia Tech 1301 Western Avenue Apex, NC 27539 105 Flagg Ct. Cincinnati, OH 45203 919-513-7767 Christiansburg, VA 24073 513-368-6515 [email protected] 540-381-1865 [email protected] [email protected] Mike Brittsan Bonnie Bowen Columbus Zoo & Aquarium Janet Butler Iowa State University 9990 Riverside Drive USFWS Dept. Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Powell, OH 43065 1444 Washington Ave. Biol., Bessey Hall 614-724-3580 Parkersburg, WV 26101-3427 Ames, IA 50011-1020 [email protected] 304-422-0752 515-294-6391 [email protected] [email protected] Joy Broach USACE-Nashville District Robert Butler Jolene Bowers P.O. Box 1070 (PM-P) USFWS Southwest Missouri State Univ. Nashville, TN 37202-1070 160 Zillicoa Street 80 Camden Ave 615-736-7956 Asheville, NC 28801 Camdenton, MO 65020 [email protected] 828-258-3939 [email protected] [email protected] Alan Buchanan Rick Bowers 1001 S. Johnmeyer Lane Scott Byrne Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc. Columbia, MO 65203 73 Elm Street 1250 Winchester Parkway, Suite 200 573-445-1521 Dover, NJ 07801-2813 Smyrna, GA 30080 [email protected] 973-989-5326 770-333-9484 [email protected] [email protected] Jennifer Buhay Brigham Young Univ. Geoff Call Laura Bowley Dept. of Integrative Biology USFWS Bureau of Water Quality 401 Widtsoe Building 446 Neal Street 5150 W Kilgore Ave. Provo, UT 84602 Cookeville, TN 38501 Muncie, IN 47304 801-422-9375 931-528-6481 765-747-4896 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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David Campbell Janet Clayton Peter Cosgrove University of Alabama WV Div. Natural Resources Aberdeen University 425 Scientific Collections Bldg. P.O. Box 67 Coilintra House, High Street Box 870345 Ward Road Grantown on Spey Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0345 Elkins, WV 26241 Morayshire, Scotland PH26 3EN 205-348-0380 304-637-0245 UK [email protected] [email protected] 147-987-3151 [email protected] Stephanie Carman Jeffrey Cole New Mexico Dept. of Game & Fish 25 Queen Street Matthew Cox Conservation Services Division Wellsboro, PA 16901 Macalester College P.O. Box 25112 301-689-7142 1600 Grand Ave. Sante Fe, NM 87504 [email protected] St Paul, MN 55105 505-476-8092 651-646-7349 [email protected] Ken Cook [email protected] USACE Gail Carmody P.O. Box 2004 Darran Crabtree USFWS Rock Island, IL 61204-2004 TNC 1601 Balboa Avenue 309-794-5285 Allegheny College Panama City, FL 32405 [email protected] P.O. Box 310 850-769-0552 Meadville, PA 16335 [email protected] Joyce Coombs 814-332-2946 University of TN [email protected] Joe Carney 274 Ellington PSB Lakehead University Knoxville, TN 37996-4563 John Crane Dept. of Biology 865-974-7229 P.O. Box 1633 955 Oliver Road [email protected] Plymouth, MA 02362 Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 508-747-5021 Canada W. Gregory Cope 807-766-7223 North Carolina State Univ. Betty Crump [email protected] Dept. Environmental Toxicology USDA Forest Service Box 7633 P.O. Box 1270 Stephanie Chance Raleigh, NC 27695-7633 Hot Springs, AR 71902 TVA 919-515-5296 501-321-5236 400 W. Summit Hill Dr. [email protected] [email protected] Knoxville, TN 37902 865-632-3403 Marla Coppolino Kevin Cummings [email protected] American Museum of Natural History Illinois Natural History Survey Central Park West at 79th Street 607 E Peabody Drive Alan Christian New York, NY 10024-5192 Champaign, IL 61820 Arkansas State University 212-769-5720 217-333-1623 Dept Biological Sciences [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 599 State University, AR 72467 James Cordeiro Chris Davidson 870-972-3296 Nature Serve USFWS [email protected] 11 Avenue de Lafayette, 5th Floor 1500 Museum Road, Suite 105 Boston, MA 02111 Conway, AR 72032 Stephanie Clark 617-542-1908 501-513-4481 University of Alabama [email protected] [email protected] School of Biological Sciences Box 870345 Mark Cornish Mike Davis Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 US Army Corps of Engineers MN DNR 205-348-1792 Clock Tower Bldg., P.O. Box 2004 1801 S. Oak Street [email protected] Rock Island, IL 61204-2004 Lake City, MN 55041 309-794-5385 651-345-3331 [email protected] [email protected]

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Sara Denham Benjamin Dodd David Edds McHenry County Conservation District Iowa DNR Emporia State University 6419 Giant Oaks Road 24570 US Highway 34 1200 Commercial Street Wonder Lake, IL 60097-8126 Charlton, IA 50049 Emporia, KS 66801-5087 815-728-8307 641-774-2958 620-341-5622 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

David Dettman Barbara Douglas William Ettinger Univ. of Arizona/Geosciences US FWS Normandeau Assoc. 1040 4th Street, Room 208 694 Beverly Pike 23723 Woods Dr. Tucson, AZ 85721 Elkins, WV 26241 Lewes, DE 19958-3314 520-621-4618 304-636-6586 302-945-3567 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Julie Devers Kari Duncan Brian Evans USFWS USFWS USFWS 400 E. Main Street 8544 Electric Ave. 330 Cummings St. White Sulphur Springs, WV 24986 Vienna, VA 22182 Abingdon, VA 24210 304-536-1361 703-358-2464 276-623-1233 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Tom Dickson Heidi Dunn Ryan Evans The Catena Group Ecological Specialists, Inc. Western PA Conservancy 410-B Millstone Drive 1417 Hoff Industrial Park 209 Fourth Avenue Hillsborough, NC 27278 O'Fallon, MO 63366 Pittsburgh, PA 15222 919-7321300 636-281-1982 412-586-2332 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Carmen Dillon Jon Duyvejonck Todd Fabian Marshall Univ. UMRCC Southwest Missouri State Univ. 2469 Third Ave, Apt. 102 4469 48th Ave Ct. 437 East Cherry, Apt. 18 Huntington, WV 25703 Rock Island, IL 61201 Springfield, MO 65806 304-617-9063 309-793-5800 660-287-5527 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Rob Dillon, Jr. Stan Dvorak Mark Fagg College of Charleston, Dept. of Biology FMNH TN Wildlife Res. Agency 66 George St. 3512 Woodside Ave. 3030 Wildlife Way Charleston, SC 29424 Brookfield, IL 60513 Morristown, TN 37814 843-943-8087 708-387-0687 423-587-7037 [email protected] [email protected] Chris Eads Ron Dimock NCSU Mark Farr Wake Forest University 4700 Hillsborough St. USACE P.O. Box 7325 Raleigh, NC 27606 3909 Halls Ferry Road Winston-Salem, NC 27106 919-513-6655 EL-EE-A 336-758-5567 [email protected] Vicksburg, MS 39180 [email protected] 601-634-3049 EBSCO Industries [email protected] Gerald Dinkins New Brunswick Museum Dinkins Biological Consulting 277 Douglas Ave. Jerry Farris 3716 W. Beaver Creek Drive St. John, NB E2K 1E5 Arkansas State University Powell, TN 37849 Canada Environmental Sciences 865-938-7739 205-991-1234 P.O. Box 847 [email protected] State University, AR 72467 870-972-2007 [email protected]

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Pete Fasbender Heather Galbraith Daniel Graf USFWS Univ of Oklahoma Academy of Natural Sciences 1 Federal Drive Oklahoma Biological Survey 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway Fort Snelling, MN 55111 111 E. Chesapeake St. Philadelphia, PA 19103 612-713-5343 Norman, OK 73019 215-299-1132 [email protected] 405-325-2753 [email protected] [email protected] Chad Ferguson Lane C. Graham Wright State University Michael Gangloff The University of Manitoba 51 Mound Street Auburn Univ. Dept. of Zoology Dayton, OH 45402 Dept Biological Sciences Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 937-219-8950 101 Cary Hall Canada [email protected] Auburn, AL 36849 204-474-9245 334-844-7345 [email protected] Randy Ferrin [email protected] NPS Jennifer Guyot St. Croix National Scenic Riverway Jochen Gerber Virginia Tech 23290 Quentin Ave Field Museum of Natural History 149 Cheatham Hall Scandia, MN 55073 Div. of Invertebrates Blacksburg, VA 24060 715-483-3284 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive 540-231-5320 [email protected] Chicago, IL 60605-2496 [email protected] 312-665-7577 Brant Fisher [email protected] Shane Hanlon IN Dept. Natural Resources USFWS Atterbury Fish & Wildlife Area Leighann Gipson 330 Cummings St. 7970 S. Rowe St., P.O. Box 3000 USACE Abingdon, VA 24210 Edinburgh, IN 46124-3000 167 N. Main St., Room B202 276-623-1233 812-526-5816 Memphis, TN 38103 [email protected] [email protected] 901-544-4015 [email protected] Willard Harman James Flowers SUNY - Oneonta NC State University Stephanie Goodman Biological Field Station 525 Walnut Grove Church Road Indiana University Purdue Univ. 5838 State Hwy 80 Hurdle Mills, NC 27541 2424 Bluewater Trail Cooperstown, NY 13326 919-513-6404 Ft. Wayne, IN 46804 607-547-8778 [email protected] 260-434-1616 [email protected] [email protected] Brook Fluker Fred A. Harris Univ. Louisiana at Monroe Don Gowan NC Wildlife Resources Commission Dept. Biology TNC 1701 Mail Service Center 101 Garrett Hall 146 East Main St. Raleigh, NC 27699-1701 Monroe, LA 71209-0520 Abingdon, VA 24210 919-733-3391 318-342-3299 276-676-2209 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] John L. Harris Steve Fraley Jeff Grabarkiewicz Welch/Harris, Inc. NC Wildlife Resources Commission Lucas Soil and Water Conservation 12301 Pleasant Forest Drive 10257 Rush Fork Rd. District Little Rock, AR 72212 Clyde, NC 28721 1517 Temperance 501-223-3867 828-627-8414 Temperance, MI 48182 [email protected] [email protected] 734-850-0349 [email protected] Julian R. Harrison, Ph.D. Steve Galarneau College of Charleston Wisconsin DNR 738 Swanson Avenue 1155 Pilgrim Road Charleston, SC 29412-9140 Plymouth, WI 53073 843-795-1694 920-892-8756 [email protected] [email protected]

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Kristen Hase Richard Henry Daniel Hornbach Kansas Dept. Wildlife & Parks USFWS Macalester College 512 SE 25th Ave. 2890 Woodbridge Ave., Bldg. #18 1600 Grand Ave. Pratt, KS 67124-8174 Edison, NJ 08837 St. Paul, MN 55105 620-672-0710 732-906-6987 651-696-6160 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Cassandra Hauswald Max Henschen Mark Hove TNC IN Dept Environmental Mgmt. Macalester College 227 N. Mulberry St., P.O. Box 5 3023 Winfield Avenue 1600 Grand Ave. Corydon, IN 47112 Indianapolis, IN 46222-1951 St. Paul, MN 55105 812-738-2087 317-926-6430 651-696-6827 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Marian Havlik Randy Hoeh Charles Howard Malacological Consultants Kent State University Enviroscience, Inc. 1603 Mississippi Street 130 Cunningham Hall 3781 Darrow Road La Crosse, WI 54601-4969 Kent, OH 44242 Stow, OH 44224 608-782-7958 440-840-3480 330-688-0111 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Thomas Hayes Michael Hoggarth Daryl Howell Pittsburgh Zoo and PPG Aquarium Otterbein College Iowa DNR One Wild Place Dept. Life & Earth Sciences Wallace State Office Bldg Pittsburgh, PA 15206 Westerville, OH 43081 502 East Ninth 412-365-2596 614-823-1667 Des Moines, IA 50319 [email protected] [email protected] 515-281-8524 [email protected] David Heath Jessica Hoisington WI DNR Miami University Robert G. Howells 3550 Mormon Coulee Road 212 Pearson Hall Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. La Crosse, WI 54601 Oxford, OH 45056 Heart of the Hills Fisheries Science 608-785-9993 513-529-6691 Center [email protected] [email protected] 5103 Junction Highway Ingram, TX 78025 Don Helms Ellet Hoke 830-866-3356 Helms & Associates Midwest Malacology, Inc. [email protected] 814 North 7th Street 1878 Ridgeview Circle Drive Bellevue, IA 52031-9321 Manchester, MO 63021 Dan Hua 563-872-4563 636-391-9459 Virginia Tech [email protected] [email protected] Fisheries & Wildlife Science Blacksburg, VA 24060 Nathan Henderson Mike Holliman 540-231-7241 Metcalf & Eddy NC Coop Fish & Wildl Unit [email protected] 701 Edgewater Drive NCSU, Box 7617 Wakefield, MA 01880 Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 Don Hubbs 781-224-6504 919-515-4594 TN Wildlife Resources Agency [email protected] [email protected] 3905 Highway 641S P.O. Box 70 Bill Henley David Hopper Camden, TN 38320 Virginia Tech US FWS 731-584-9032 106 Cheatham Hall 1387 S. Vinnell Way, Suite 368 [email protected] Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321 Biose, ID 83709 540-231-7241 208-685-6957 [email protected] [email protected]

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Fred Huber Nathan Johnson David Kamms USDA Forest Service Virginia Tech 7784 E. Linden Lane 5162 Valleypointe Parkway Dept Fish & Wildlife Parma, OH 44130 Roanoke, VA 24019 107 Cheatham Hall 440-845-7545 540-265-5157 Blacksburg, VA 24061 [email protected] [email protected] 540-239-0876 [email protected] Cindy Kane Patrick Hubert USFWS Illlinois Natural History Survey Paul D. Johnson Virginia Field Office 13498 N. 200E Road Tennessee Aquarium Research Institute 6669 Short Lane Fairmount, IL 61841 5385 Red Clay Road Gloucester, VA 23061 217-896-3025 Cohutta, GA 30710 804-693-6694 [email protected] 706-694-4419 [email protected] [email protected] Robert G. Hudson Byron Karns Presbyterian College Richard I. Johnson National Park Service/Univ. of MN Biology Dept. 124 Chestnut Hill Road 15237 63rd Street N 503 S. Broad Street Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 Stillwater, MN 55082 Clinton, SC 29325 617-493-2468 715-483-3284 864-833-8448 [email protected] [email protected] Steven Johnson USACE Reuben Keller R. Douglas Hunter Clock Tower Building Univ. of Notre Dame Oakland University Rock Island, IL 61201-2004 Dept. of Biological Sciences Dept. of Biological Sciences 309-794-5704 Notre Dame, IN 46637 2200 N. Squirrel Rd. [email protected] 574-631-4153 Rochester, MI 48309-4476 [email protected] 248-370-3552 Thomas Johnson [email protected] Fish Pro Consulting Engineers Morgan Kelly 5201 South 6th Street Road Univ. of Maine Pascal Irmscher Springfield, IL 62703 Dept. of Wildlife Ecology 1125 Emerald Street 217-585-8333 Orono, ME 04473 Madison, Wi 53715 [email protected] 512-695-9229 262-939-0187 [email protected] [email protected] Anneli Jokela McGill University Daniel Kelner Joan Jass 859 Sherbrooke St. West USACE Milwaukee Public Museum Redpath Museum 190 5th Street East 800 W. Wells Street Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6 St. Paul, MN 55101 Milwaukee, WI 53233 Canada 651-290-5277 414-278-2761 514-398-4086 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] John Kent John Jenkinson Jess Jones 394 Cub Creek Road 305 Revere Avenue USFWS Chapel Hill, NC 27517-6327 Clinton, TN 37716 146 Cheatham Hall 919-933-5650 865-457-0174 Virginia Tech [email protected] [email protected] Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321 540-231-2266 David Kesler Kurt Jirka [email protected] Rhodes College Ichthyological Assoc., Inc. 2000 N. Parkway 50 Ludlowville Road Brianna Kaiser Memphis, TN 38112 Lansing, NY 14882 SW Missouri State Univ. 901-843-3557 607-533-8801 2020 E Bennett St., Apt G-16 [email protected] [email protected] Springfield, MO 65804 417-823-8594 [email protected]

37

Sheila Kirk Danielle Kreeger Keith LeClaire USFWS Academy of Natural Sciences USACE 50 Fish Hatchery Road 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway 190 5th Street East Celina, TN 38551 Philadelphia, PA 19103 St Paul, MN 55101-1638 931-243-2443 215-299-1184 651-290-5491 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Roger Klocek Eric Krueger William Lellis Shedd Aquarium The Nature Conservancy USGS 22713 Bass Lake Road P.O. Box 20246 Leetown Science Center Plainfield, IL 60544 Charleston, SC 29413 176 Straight Run Road 312-692-3233 843-937-8807 Wellsboro, PA 16901 [email protected] [email protected] 570-724-3322 [email protected] Stephen Kneeland Kelli Krueger Univ of Maine Friends of the Chicago River Todd Levine Dept of Wildlife Ecology 407 S Dearborn, Suite 1580 Miami University 5755 Nutting Hall Chicago, IL 60605 Zoology Dept., Pearson Hall Orono, ME 04469 312-939-0490 700 E High St 207-581-2921 [email protected] Oxford, OH 45056 [email protected] 513-529-3387 Kody Kuehnl [email protected] Karen Kobey Ohio State Univ. Three Rivers Park District 1314 Kinnear Rd. Chad Lewis 711 Timber Lane Columbus, OH 43212 Mainstream Commercial Divers, Inc. Shoreview, MN 55126 614-292-2186 P.O. Box 1426 651-483-0328 [email protected] Murray, KY 42071 [email protected] 270-753-9654 Jennifer Kurth [email protected] Leroy Koch Univ of Maine USFWS 5755 Nutting Hall Appleton Liath 3761 Georgetown Road Orono, ME 04469 Univ. of Michigan Museum of Zoology Frankfort, KY 40601 207-581-1340 1109 Geddes Ave 502-695-0468 [email protected] Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079 [email protected] 734-764-2398 Gerald Lang [email protected] Martin Kohl Carnegie Museum of Natural History TN Dept. of Environ. & Conservation 22317 Highway 285 Cynthia Loftin 3003 Greenway Drive Cochranton, PA 16314 ME Coop. Fish & Wildlife Unit Knoxville, TN 37918 814-332-0390 Univ. of Maine 865-689-5732 [email protected] 5755 Nutting Hall [email protected] Orono, ME 04469-5755 Raven Lawson 207-581-2843 L. Russert Kraemer Arkansas State University [email protected] Univ. of Arkansas 3711 Highland Drive Dept. Biological Sciences, SCEN-632 Jonesboro, AR 72401 Charles Lydeard Fayetteville, AR 72701 501-940-5814 Univ. of Alabama 479-575-3251 [email protected] 309 Ayito Rd SE [email protected] Vienna, VA 22180 James Layzer [email protected] George Krause TN Coop. Fish. Res. Unit Environmental Steward TN Tech Univ. Rachel Mair 1020 West Main Street Box 5114 Virginia Tech Wytheville, VA 24382 Cookeville, TN 38505 610 N. Main St, Suite 260 276-228-6497 931-372-3032 Blacksburg, VA 24060 [email protected] [email protected] 540-231-7241 [email protected]

38

Rebecca Marfurt Mary McCann Stephen McMurray Southwestern Univ. Devine Tarbell & Assoc. MO Dept. of Conservation SU Box 7605 970 Baxter Blvd. 1110 S. College Ave. Georgetown, TX 78626 Portland, ME 04103 Columbia, MO 65201 512-819-7435 207-775-4495 573-882-9909 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Kevin Markham Brent McClane Trisha Menker Environmental Services, Inc. McClane Environmental Services Ohio State Univ. 524 South New Hope Road 10566 Decker Ave. 1315 Kinnear Road Raleigh, NC 27610 St. Louis, MO 63114 Columbus, OH 43212 919-212-1760 314-890-8524 614-724-3611 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Scott Martin James McDougal Henk Mienis 712 Harley Drive 102 Ridgeview Circle Hebrew University of Jerusalem Columbus, OH 43202-1808 Guilford, CT 06437 National Mollusc Collection 614-447-3600 203-457-1179 Dept. Evolution, Systematics & Ecology [email protected] [email protected] IL-91904 Jerusalem Israel David Martinez Daryl McGoldrick [email protected] USFWS Environment Canada 6315 E. 57th Place Natl. Water Res. Inst., P.O. Box 5050 Cristi Milam Tulsa, OK 74135-8122 867 Lakeshore Dr. EA Engineering 918-581-7458 Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 15 Loveton Circle [email protected] Canada Sparks, MD 21152 905-336-4790 410-771-4950 Charles Mather [email protected] [email protected] Univ. Sci. & Arts of Oklahoma 1727 W. Alabama St. Stuart McGregor Glenn Miller Chickasha, OK 73018 Geological Survey of AL US FWS 405-574-1282 P.O. Box 869999 2800 E. Lakeshore Drive [email protected] Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 Ashland, WI 54806 205-247-3629 715-682-6185 Christine Mayer [email protected] [email protected] Illinois Natural History Survey 607 E Peabody Drive Dan McGuire Grace Miller Champaign, IL 61820 McGuire Consulting Arkansas State University 217-244-2354 95607 Reata Road 508 Lindenhurst [email protected] Kennewick, WA 99338 North Little Rock, AR 72118 509-628-8772 501-831-1780 Jason Mays [email protected] North Carolina DOT Heidi McIntyre 1324 Takeaway Place Arkansas State Univ. Thomas Miller Morrisville, NC 27560 7692 Highway 351N 902 Crestview Drive 919-270-9213 Jonesboro, AR 72401 Laredo, TX 78045 [email protected] 870-802-4863 956-717-1250 [email protected] [email protected] Katherine McCafferty Georgia DOT Colleen McLean Russ Minton 1000 St. Charles Ave., Apt. 2 Mich State Univ./MNFI Univ of Louisiana at Monroe Atlanta, GA 30306 141 Theo Ave. Dept Biology, ULM 770-712-2126 Lansing, MI 48917 700 University [email protected] 517-980-0571 Monroe, LA 71209-0520 [email protected] 318-342-1795 [email protected]

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Denise Moldenhauer Rachel Muir Betsy Nightingale US FWS US Geological Survey TNC 160 Zillicoa Street 1967 B Villa Ridge Drive 319 S. River St. Asheville, NC 28801 Reston, VA 20191 Harrisburg, PA 17104 828-258-3939 703-648-5114 717-948-3840 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Kendall Moles Melody Myers-Kinzie Sabrina Novak TN Tech Univ 261 Pennwood Lane Tennessee Aquarium Research Inst. 1100 North Dixie Brownsburg, IN 46112 5385 Red Clay Road 205 Pennebaker Hall 317-297-7713 Cohutta, GA 30710 Cookeville, TN 38505 [email protected] 706-694-4666 931-372-6205 [email protected] [email protected] Tatsuaki Nakato LACMRERS Christine O'Brien Emy Monroe 2288 Highway 22 Browns River Environ. Consultants Miami University Muscatine, IA 52761-8307 279 River Road Zoology Dept., Rm 212 Pearson Hall 563-288-2888 Underhill, VT 05489 Oxford, OH 45056 [email protected] 802-899-1768 513-529-8183 [email protected] [email protected] Ethan Nedeau Biodrawversity Susan Oetker William Montgomery 36 Longmeadow Road USFWS 66 Gorman Lane #B Amherst, MA 01002 4101 E 80th Street Cincinnati, OH 45215-3626 413-253-6561 Bloomington, MN 55123 513-769-6724 [email protected] 612-725-3548 [email protected] Yenory Morales Chaves Richard Neves Rotterdamseweg 185 USGS Brett Ostby PO Box 177, 2600 MH Dept Fish & Wildlife Virginia Tech Delft, 2600 MH Virginia Tech 149 Cheatham Hall Netherlands Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321 Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321 [email protected] 540-231-5927 540-230-1042 [email protected] [email protected] Todd Morris Fisheries & Oceans Canada Teresa Newton Gary Pace 867 Lakeshore Road USGS Univ of Michigan-Flint Burlington, ON L7R 4A6 Upper Midwest Environ. Sci. Center 8375 Coldwater Road Canada 2630 Fanta Reed Rd Davison, MI 48423 905-336-4734 LaCrosse, WI 54603 [email protected] [email protected] 608-781-6217 [email protected] David Parise Cheryl Morrison Civil & Environmental Consultants US Geological Survey Robert Nichols 333 Baldwin Road Leetown Science Center NC Wildlife Resources Commission Pittsburgh, PA 15205 11649 Leetown Road 1142 I-85 Service Road 412-429-2324 Kearneysville, WV 25430 Creedmoor, NC 27522 [email protected] 304-724-4464 919-528-9806 [email protected] [email protected] Paul Parmalee Frank H. McClung Museum Patricia Morrison S. Jerrine Nichols University of Tennessee USFWS USGS 1327 Circle Park Dr. Ohio River Islands NWR 1451 Green Road Knoxville, TN 37996-3200 P.O. Box 1811 Ann Arbor, MI 48105 865-974-2144 Parkersburg, WV 26102-1811 734-214-7218 [email protected] 304-422-0752 [email protected] [email protected]

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Tim Pearce Kristine Playfoot Joe Rathbun Carnegie Museum of Natural History USGS Michigan DEQ 4400 Forbes Ave. 176 Straight Run Road 3313 W. Mt. Hope Ave., #113 Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Wellsboro, PA 16901 Lansing, MI 48911 412-622-1916 570-724-3322 517-482-1709 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Andrew Peck Gerald Pottern Sally Ray Arkansas State Univ. Robert J. Goldstein & Assoc. Western Pennsylvania Conservancy P.O. Box 599 8480 Garvey Drive 960 Alpine Road State University, AR 72467 Raleigh, NC 27616 Wellsville, PA 17365 870-972-3082 919-872-1174 717-292-4881 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Wendell Pennington Jeffrey Powell Kathleen Reagan 250 McGee Lane USFWS Univ. of Oklahoma Cookeville, TN 38501 1208-B Main Street 111 E. Chesapeake Street 931-526-6038 Daphne, AL 36526 Norman, OK 73019 [email protected] 251-441-5858 405-325-2753 [email protected] [email protected] Kathryn Perez Univ. of Alabama Jennifer Price Marsha May Reimer Box 870345 South Carolina DNR Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept. Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 1921 Vanboklen Road 9602 Cheryl Lynn Drive 205-239-2871 Eastover, SC 29044 Austin, TX 78747 [email protected] 803-353-8232 512-965-6714 [email protected] [email protected] Melissa Petty Virginia Tech James Pritchard Judith Rhymer 610 Montgomery St. 1206 Orchard Drive University of Maine Blacksburg, VA 24060 Ames, IA 50010 Dept Wildlife Ecology 540-250-2182 515-292-9145 Orono, ME 04469-5755 [email protected] [email protected] 207-581-2863 [email protected] Malcolm Pierson Warren Pryor Alabama Power Company University of St. Francis Brian Richards 204 Stetson Lane Biology Department Marshall Univ. Alabaster, AL 35007-4708 2701 Spring Street 5940 Mahood Drive, Apt. 17 205-664-6177 Fort Wayne, IN 46808 Huntington, WV 25705 [email protected] 260-385-5659 [email protected] [email protected] Randal Piette David Richards Wisconsin DNR Mark Pyron 102 Paisley 625 E County Road Y, Suite 700 Ball State Univ. Bozeman, MT 59715 OshKosh, WI 54901 Dept. of Biology 920-424-3839 Muncie, IN 47306 Angie Rodgers [email protected] 765-285-8852 NC Wildlife Resources Commission [email protected] 1424 Park Summit Blvd. Michael Pinder Apex, NC 27523 VDGIF Brenda Rashleigh 919-460-7350 2206 S. Main Street, Suite C US EPA [email protected] Blacksburg, VA 24060 960 College Station Road 540-961-8387 Athens, GA 30605 Kevin Roe [email protected] 706-355-8148 Dept. Nat.l Res. Ecology & Management [email protected] 339 Science II Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-3221 515-294-1458 [email protected] 41

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Allan K. Smith James Spence James Steffen Pacific NW Native Freshwater Mussel U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chicago Botanic Garden Workgroup 135 Oney Ave 1000 Lake Cook Road 16661 SW Chehalem Way Huntington, WV 25705 Glencoe, IL 60022 Hillsboro, OR 97123 304-523-2060 847-835-8266 503-628-7825 [email protected] jsteffen@chicagobotanic,org [email protected] Daniel Spooner Mark Steingraeber Brooke Smith Oklahoma Biological Survey USFWS TNARI 111 E. Chesapeake Street 555 Lester Ave. 5385 Red Clay Road Norman, OK 73071 Onalaska, WI 54650 Cohutta, GA 30710 405-808-0823 608-783-8436 706-694-3957 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Beverly Spurlock Bruce Stephen David R. Smith Cabell County WV Health Dept. Southeast Community College USGS 6676 Merritts Creek Rd. 8800 O Street 11649 Leetown Rd. Huntington, WV 25702 Lincoln, NE 68520 Kearneysville, WV 25430 304-736-2238 402-437-2544 304-724-4467 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Channing St. Aubin Janet Sternburg James Smith TNARI MO Dept. of Conservation NC Museum of Natural Sciences 5385 Red Clay Road P.O. Box 180 4301 Reedy Creek Road Cohutta, GA 30710 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Raleigh, NC 27607 706-694-3957 573-522-4115 919-733-7450 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] David Stansbery Jeff Steuer Janice Smith Museum of Biological Diversity USGS Environment Canada Ohio State University 8505 Research Way Natl. Water Res. Inst., P.O. Box 5050 1315 Kinnear Rd Middleton, WI 53562 867 Lakeshore Rd. Columbus, OH 43212-1192 608-821-3830 Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 614-292-8560 [email protected] Canada [email protected] 905-336-4685 Timothy Stewart [email protected] George Stanton Iowa State Univ. Columbus State University 339 Science II Mark Smith 301 LeNoirt Hall Ames, IA 50011 USACE 4225 University Ave. 515-294-1644 1651 Dorset Drive Columbus, GA 31907 [email protected] Memphis, TN 38117 706-568-2056 901-544-0670 [email protected] Craig Stihler [email protected] WV DNR Cliff Starliper P.O. Box 67 Matthew Smith USGS Ward Road Environmental Services, Inc. Leetown Science Center Elkins, WV 26241 524 South New Hope Road 11649 Leetown Road 304-637-0245 Raleigh, NC 27610 Kearneysville, WV 25430 [email protected] 919-212-1760 304-724-4433 [email protected] [email protected] David Strayer Institute of Ecosystem Studies Tamara Smith Elliott Stefanik P.O. Box AB Western Pennsylvania Conservancy USACE Millbrook, NY 12545 11881 Valley Road 190 5th Street E 845-677-5343 Union City, PA 16438 St Paul, MN 55101-1638 [email protected] 814-739-9991 651-290-5260 [email protected] [email protected]

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45 JOURNAL OF SPURIOUS SCIENCE JULY 2003

HABITAT AND LIFESTYLE CHOICES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) IN WEST TENNESSEE

ANNA DONNA GRANDIS and T. VERRUCOSA Bilology Department, Unio University, Podunk, TN

ABSTRACT: During many grueling years of field research, some of which was conducted in the actual outdoors, we pursued the slimy trail of the freshwater mussel (Unionidae) across the trammeled wilderness of western Tennessee. We had brief yet surprisingly poignant encounters with 10,113 individuals of twenty-eight species in thirty-two ZIP Codes, and our lives were changed forever by communing with these brave bivalves whose quiet dignity belies their wretched poverty and unsanitary living conditions. But perhaps this abstract is becoming a little too abstract; we apologize. We seem to have developed a crippling inability to relate to H. sapiens. To summarize for the impatient, most of whom have skipped to the results section by now, we found a clear correlation between local environmental factors (i.e., water temperature, pollution levels and irritable cottonmouths) and the presence or absence of mussels.

The freshwater mussel fauna of the United States is among Finally, in sheer desperation, we resorted to a technique the richest in the world (Money Magazine, 2001). The noble that we had earlier rejected as “primitive and undignified” class Bivalvia first arrived on this planet 300 million years (ADG, pers. comm.) and “Yeah, um, I don’t THINK so!” (TV, ago, give or take an epoch, and they were doing just fine, pers. comm.). To be brutally frank, we groped for mussels, thank you very much, until you showed up. Because of the and most of them seemed to enjoy it. This technique is best greedy, cruel, selfish and essentially vile nature of human illustrated by the condition of our garments at the end of a beings (Bible, ca 1600 BCE—90 CE), this century has day’s work: sopping wet, permanently soiled with muck and witnessed a steep decline in freshwater mussel populations. botanical effluvia, and generally gross-o-rama. At one point Human attitudes toward mussels are largely either negative we attempted to calculate the total mass of filthy socks we (Shakespeare, 1610-11), for which we may thank the divine discarded on roadsides during the course of our research, but injunction against aquatic biota that lack fins and scales were daunted by the complexity of the equation (Guo, 1999). (Bible, ca 1405 BCE), or purely culinary, for which we may Our materials consisted of endless changes of clothing (we thank legions of hungry heretics whose names have been, later realized that nudity would have been more economical) rightfully, cleansed from the history books. and little waterproof notebooks in which we doodled potential Our research is an ongoing attempt to speak for the designs for mussel-related tattoos whenever we got bored. We shellfish who have been silenced, to stand up for those who used a handheld GPS receiver to identify the precise locations lack legs of their own, to help the mussels tell their of our sampling areas, except when the secret spy satellites heartbreaking story in their own burbles (Lofting, 1922). It is were blocked by the alien space rays (Southern Baptist in pursuit of these simple goals that we find our purpose in life Reader, 2001). We also verified beyond all doubt the healing (Spurge, 2003). The bulk of our research is elsewhere powers of chocolate and cheese (Pansy, 2001). described, in the scientifically incisive yet heartwarming film, It’s a Wonderful Mollusc! (rated PG-13 for profanity and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION casual sex), but we also recorded a number of peripheral Our results were statistically significant (Bulger, 1992) and observations on the attitudes and lifestyles of our tiny subjects. somewhat surprising (Schmeerl, 1967). Through our intimate These observations we now share with the world in the fervent contact with 10,113 individual mussels of twenty-eight species hope that our work will shed the pure light of selfless science in thirty-two ZIP codes, we formulated a multi-part hypothesis upon the shadowy suffering of shellfish (Poetry Techniques, regarding the habitat and lifestyle choices of these enigmatic 2002). beasts. At first it may appear that our hypothesis is based on wild conjecture, but we promise that all of the really important MATERIALS AND METHODS bits are firmly grounded in accurate field observations and In order to stalk, capture and identify the wily and elusive totally objective facts (Custer, 1867). freshwater mussel, we employed a cornucopia of sampling Most of the mussels we studied exhibited a strong methods (Smith, 1994). First we tried luring our prey with preference for stable and relatively unpolluted aquatic habitat, gravy-soaked biscuit crumbs and aromatic bits of fruit peel, which we placed at the water’s edge atop a small red- with a notable exception being Utterbackia imbecillis which checkered tablecloth. This method proved uniformly was found to survive and even thrive in such inhospitable disappointing, as the frenetic pace of scavenging ants and habitats as exposed sand bars, drying puddles, and treetops. beetles set an impossible standard of competition. We moved Fortunately for us, given our obsessive Calvinistic need to on to an escalating series of mussel snares that ranged from divide the natural world into tidy and predictable categories, simple (tiny string noose) to complex (tiny mechanical “girly the other species we studied were more tractable and quickly mussel,” gaping slightly, waving plump superconglutinate in learned to play by the rules (Gazpacho, 1999). Our research provocative manner). All of these seemingly foolproof traps ultimately failed to capture any mussels, for a variety of shows distinct trends of behavior among these “good” mussels reasons that we are unable to think about without feeling very as follows. silly (Horst, 1999). Trend 1: Mussels prefer to live in habitat that is free of leeches, snapping turtles and excessively active fish; mussels 46 are never found in areas frequented by poisonous snakes (Fig. migrate southward in wintertime by clinging to the backs of 1). This last “cottonmouth effect” is evidenced by the sharp geese (Old man who lives under bridge, pers. comm., 2001). drop we noted in the numbers of mussels collected in the vicinity of Agkistrodon piscivorus.

Trend 4: Mussels prefer to live in pristine, unpolluted water Trend 2: Mussels are highly influenced in their habitat choices (Fig. 4) within five miles of a park, library, grocery store, and by seasonal temperature changes, preferring air and water movie theater (Uvula, 1999). Mussels are seldom found temperatures roughly equivalent to those preferred by the immediately downstream of industrial or municipal average human (Brody, 1974). Our data show that mussels wastewater outfall pipes. Our data also indicate that mussels have the ability to distinguish between types of wastewater actively seek comfortable temperatures by moving to the discharges, possibly on the basis of smell, taste, texture, or sunnier side of the river in cold weather and moving to the official signage. For example, we found that large numbers of shadier side in hot weather (Fig. 2). When the weather is mussels will inhabit the area immediately downstream from intermediate such trends become less clear, with some mussels the cooling water outfall for a chocolate factory, but mussels (usually younger males) moving to shady areas, and others are seldom found in conjunction with the “chunky style” (usually older females) opting for sunny areas. wastewater discharge of a large metropolis (Juniper, 1996). Mussels are never found immediately downstream from hog and chicken farms, metal-plating facilities or nuclear reactors (Jerkins, 2000).

Trend 3: Mussels exhibit avoidance behaviors during

inclement weather. When a light rain shower begins, mussels After taking a few minutes to analyze the clear trends undertake a rapid migration toward the deepest portion of the outlined above (Klezmer, 1954), we reached the conclusion sampling area, quickly moving out of reach of all but the most that freshwater mussels are capable of making complex long-armed researchers (Cabbage, 1982). By the time a light choices regarding habitat and lifestyle (Cornball, 1997). Until rain shower turns into a thunderstorm, the local mussel now many scientists and normal people have assumed that populations have effectively disappeared (Fig. 3). At such mussels are without intelligence, free will, or emotional times, we have found it best to seek hot showers and baggage, but we trust that our findings will open such closed microbrews until the mussels choose to return to the surface. minds to a pearly dawn of new understanding and empathy for In a similar behavior not yet observed by us personally, it has this most maligned and neglected of creatures, this tiny glob of been reliably reported that mussels in colder climates often 47 dirty mucus in a calcium-based casket, this shy voluptuous you use big words and act really confident. Good beauty with whom we have shared so many hours of silent, yet Housekeeping, 7:12. deeply passionate, joy. Lofting, H. 1922. The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle. Part One, Chapter VII: Shellfish Talk; Part Four, Chapter I: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Shellfish Talk Again; Part Six, Chapter V: The Shellfish We wish to thank the many bivalves who helped to make our Riddle Solved At Last. research possible, except for U. imbecillis which was not as Money Magazine. 2001. Mussel Moguls, Bivalve Billionaires. helpful as it could have been. We thank the legions of former 2:10-19. and current employees of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Old man who lives under bridge. Personal comm. 04-01-01. the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, and the West Tennessee Pansy, R.M. 2001. Who Moved My Cheese and Chocolate? Basin Authority for ensuring that most of the rivers and creeks Random Souse, New York. in our region have been permanently stripped of their natural Poetry Techniques. 2002. All About Alliteration. 4:44. meanders, woody debris, riparian vegetation and freshwater Schmeerl, J.J. 1967. Surprise Your Pals With Science! Bug mussels, thus greatly reducing our sampling obligations. We Brain Press, Gainesville. thank the five anonymous reviewers who told us that our Shakespeare, W. 1610-11. The Tempest. Act I, Scene 2, Lines manuscript was a delusional piece of crap, because we know 464-5. they were just kidding (Vito, 2002). Ha ha! Finally, and most Smith, Z. 1994. A Cornucopia of Sampling Methods. importantly, thanks to Doctor Dolittle for solving the Shellfish Boringass Books, Omaha. Riddle and teaching us the importance of being a Good Southern Baptist Reader. 2001. Everything you ever thought Noticer. you knew about science is a demonic un-American

LITERATURE CITED godless pagan treehugger feminazi communist fiction Bible, The Holy. Circa 1600 BCE – 586 CE, Genesis 6:5, Job created by an unholy alliance between the United Nations, 5:7, Lamentations 5:7. Various locations in the Middle public television, and the little green men from outer East. space. 6:66. ——— Circa 1405 BCE. Leviticus 11:10-12. General vicinity Spurge, C. 2003. Simple Goals For Simple People. Self- of Mt. Sinai, Egypt. published, Tupelo. Brody, N. 1974. Meet Bob & Darla, the Average Humans. Hot Uvula, T.H. 1999. Trends in the recreational and spending Buttered Books, Des Moines (Out of Print). habits of the North American shellfish population. Bulger, P.K. 1992. Statistics: Are they significant? J. of Num. Demographics On Demand Inc., Reykjavik. Hokum. 23:4-5. Vito, That’s Mister Vito To You. 2002. Yeah, youse guys Cabbage, H. 1982. You’ll Never Escape the Long Arm of the think it’s so damn funny, picking on the geeks and freaks, Malacologist. Wild West Books, New York City. huh? Well, it ain’t so damn funny now, is it? You thought Cornball, T.R. 1997. How to make any old hypothesis sound the review process was anonymous? Nothin’s anonymous plausible: what every slacker scientist needs to know. J. to Vito. Yeah, you think this hurts, what I’m doing now, of Decept. Rhet. Techniques. 99:1-300. huh? You don’t know what hurt is. I’ll show you hurt. Custer, G.A. 1867. Blending truth and lies, and other useful Youse guys seen one-a these before? Yeah, that’s right, tactics for the egotistical sociopath. Popular Psychosis, it’s a bikini-waxing kit. Stop that crying. Youse guys 12:90-128. better say you’re sorry you picked on those kids. Gazpacho, W. 1999. Beating Mother Nature Into Submission: Someday they’ll be driving Porsches and you’ll still be God’s Plan for the Planet. Alpha-Omega Press, Salt Lake cleaning toilets. Yeah, Vito’s gonna make sure of that. City. From now on, you fart in this town, Vito hears about it. Guo Chun Wen. 1999. Linear and Nonlinear Parabolic Now get outta here. Goddamn crybabies.

Complex Equations. Peking University, China. ERRATA Horst, W. 1999. The effects of alcohol on field researchers: The authors are available for awards ceremonies, lavish dinner how much is too much? J. of Ineb. Biol. 2:9. parties in their honor, or for any social function that includes Jerkins, P.K. 2000. Liberal Media Lies: Why radioactive free alcohol. Contact the authors via their amanuensis and manure was given a bad rap. Pontotoc Rebel-Sentinel factotum, Naomi Van Tol ([email protected]). Weekly, 10:1. © Journal of Spurious Science, 2003 Juniper, J.C. 1996. Female Whistles and Animal Balloons: A Layperson’s Guide to Poorly Treated Sewage. Urban Hobbyist Books, Cleveland. (reprinted with permission of the human author) Klezmer, B.B. 1954. Helpful Tips to Get Your Own Way: Nobody will dare to question your ludicrous statements if

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