AKSHIIRAA COACHING CENTRE - PG TRB - English Study Material

PG TRB (English) Coaching Class starts on www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 14.04.2019 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net AKSHIIRAA COACHING CENTRE www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetPGwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net TRB EXAM www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (English only) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netfor the post of www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Post Graduate Assistants

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Unit II – Jacobean Age (1600-1798) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

John Dryden‟s Biography Quick Facts: www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net Birthday:www.Padasalai.Net August 9, 1631 www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net

 Nationality: British www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Diedwww.Padasalai.Net Atwww.Padasalai.Net Age: 68 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

 Born In: Northamptonshire, England

 Famous As: Poet and Playwright www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net  Family:  Spouse/Ex-: Lady Elizabeth www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Father:www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Erasmus Dryden www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

 Mother: Mary Pickering

 Died On: May 12, 1700 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net  Place of Death: London, England

 Epitaphs: Here Lies Du Vall; Reader, If Male Thou Art,, Look To Thy Purse; If Female, www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetTo Thywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Heart. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Introduction:

www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetA greatwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net playwright, exceptionalwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net poet, fine translator,www.Padasalai.Net solidwww.Padasalai.Net critic, and an excellentwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net satirist, John Dryden wore many hats during his living. He was a legendary figure of the seventeenth century who ranks amongst the greatest English poets such as John Donne and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetJohn Miltonwww.Padasalai.Net andwww.Padasalai.Net the greatest playwrightswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net such as William Shakespearewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and Ben Johnson. Aswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net far as prose, literary criticism and translation are concerned, he had no peers who matched his capability and competence. Dryden is credited with writing the greatest heroic play of the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netcentury, „Thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Conquest of Granada‟www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net, the greatest tragicomedy,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net „Marriage A-la-Mode‟,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net the greatest tragedy of the Restoration, „All for Love‟, the greatest comitragedy, „Don Sebastian‟ and one of the greatest comedies, „Amphitryon‟. His writing style was unique, mostly employing www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net2 Website:www.Padasalai.Net www.akshiraa.comwww.Padasalai.Net Mobile:www.Padasalai.Net 9487976999 www.Padasalai.Net

the daily patterns and rhythms used in everyday speech. His works so much so dominated the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetRestoration www.Padasalai.Net Periodwww.Padasalai.Net that the phase is proudlywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net remembered in thewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net literary circle as the „Agewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of Dryden‟. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetChildhood www.Padasalai.Net&www.Padasalai.Net Early Life www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net . John Dryden was the eldest of the fourteen children born to Erasmus Dryden and wife Mary Pickering in the village church house of Aldwincle near Thrapston in www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetNorthamptonshire.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

. Young Dryden spent much of his early days in the village of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire, wherein he received his preliminary education. Later in 1644, he was www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net enrolled as a King‟s Scholar at the Westminster School, which was going through a period of unrest on religious and political matters. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net. It waswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net at Westminster that he developedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the art of rhetoricwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netand presentation of bothwww.Padasalai.Net sideswww.Padasalai.Net of the argument, a skill that stayed with him for life and influenced much of his later works and thinking. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net. In 1649,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net while still at Westminster,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he came up with his www.Padasalai.Netfirstwww.Padasalai.Net published verse, an www.Padasalai.Netelegywww.Padasalai.Net titled, „Upon the Death of Lord Hastings‟. Having a royalist feel, the poem was a written emotional tale of the death of his schoolmate Henry, Lord Hastings from www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netsmallpox.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

. Upon completing his studies, he entered the Trinity College, in Cambridge the following year in 1650. Therein, he took to studying classics, rhetoric and mathematics. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Four years later, he graduated with top ranks from the college with a degree in arts.

Career: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o Following his father‟s death in June 1654, he acquired possession of a land that generated some income, but not enough to sustain a living. As such, he moved to London to acquire work with Cromwell's Secretary of State, John Thurloe. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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o In 1658, on the death of Lord Protector Cromwell, he penned a poem „Heroique www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetStanzas‟www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net a tribute to Cromwell.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net The content of the poemwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net was cautiously writtenwww.Padasalai.Net withwww.Padasalai.Net prudent emotional presentation.

o Two years later, he celebrated the Restoration of the Monarchy and the jubilant return of www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Charles II with the penned verse, „Astraea Redux‟ which was an authentic royalist panegyric. He portrayed a royal image of Charles II as the restorer of peace and order. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto The www.Padasalai.Netestablishmentwww.Padasalai.Net of the monarchywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net coincided with his establishmentwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as the leadingwww.Padasalai.Net poetwww.Padasalai.Net and critic of the time. He rendered his complete support, loyalty and commitment to the new government which was visible with the publication of his works, „To His Sacred www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetMajesty:www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net A Panegyric on his Coronation‟www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and „To My Lordwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Chancellor‟ both releasedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in 1662.

o It was while looking to court a patron that he started to make a living by writing for www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netpublisherswww.Padasalai.Net and the general publicwww.Padasalai.Net instead for the aristocratswww.Padasalai.Net and the royalties. He startedwww.Padasalai.Net writing poems that celebrated public events. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto In 1662,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he was elected as www.Padasalai.Net anwww.Padasalai.Net early fellow of the www.Padasalai.Net Royalwww.Padasalai.Net Society. However,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net the membership was withdrawn four years later due to non-payment of the dues.

o With the appointment of Charles II as the leader, society witnessed an upsurge in the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdemandwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net for entertainment and www.Padasalai.Netshowbiz.www.Padasalai.Net The theatres, whichwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net had closed down due www.Padasalai.Nettowww.Padasalai.Net the Puritan ban, reopened to packed audiences.

o He soon found himself busy writing scripts and plays for theatre. His first stint at the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net same was for the theatrical comedy of humors, „A Wild Gallant‟. The play was not much successful and did nothing to up his reputation. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto Followingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the unsuccessful debutwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net venture, in 1664 he camewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net up with two more plays,www.Padasalai.Net „Thewww.Padasalai.Net Rival Ladies‟ and „The Indian Queen‟. Both the plays had the same fate as their predecessor and were not major hits. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o Meanwhile, a plague erupted in London due to which the King‟s Court relocated to Oxford. The change of place turned profitable for this budding playwright who came up

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with his next venture, a heroic drama by the title, „The Indian Emperor‟ in 1665. The www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netplaywww.Padasalai.Net wwww.Padasalai.Netas received well by the audience.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

o Writing theatrical plays was not what he intended to do in the beginning and as such, thought it to be waste of talent on „unworthy‟ audience. As such, to gain some fame www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net outside the stage, he took to writing poetry and essays.

o Inspired by the tragedies of the year 1666, including the Naval War and the Great Fire www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netof Londonwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net, he penned the poem,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net „Annus Mirabilis‟ inwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net 1667. The poem was grandlywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net received and secured him the title of Poet Laureate in 1668 and Historiographer Royal in 1670. Same year, he was conferred with an MA by the Archbishop of Canterbury. www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Neto He didwww.Padasalai.Net not let go of his essay writingwww.Padasalai.Net as well and in 1668www.Padasalai.Net came up with his first majorwww.Padasalai.Net critical work, „Essay of Dramatic Poesy‟. Following the grand reception of the same, he released „A Defence of an Essay‟ which was followed by „Essay of Heroic Plays‟. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o Apart from penning poems and essays, he continued with his theatrical writing and came up with well-received plays in varying genres. While „Secret Love‟ was based on the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netgenrewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netof comedy, „Tyrannic Love‟www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net explored heroic drama.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Beginning 1670, he camewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net up with the two parts „The Conquest of Granada‟ and the comedy, „Marriage a la Mode‟.

o In 1674, he wrote a tribute for Milton in the form of a musical adaptation of the latter‟s www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetParadisewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Lost entitled, „Thewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net State of Innocence‟. www.Padasalai.Net However,www.Padasalai.Net the play remainedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net unperformed.

o In 1676, he penned his best heroic play, „Aureng-Zebe‟ which had a prologue that www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net denounced the use of rhyme in serious drama. He followed it up with his magnum opus, „All For Love‟ in 1678 which was based on the story of Anthony and Cleopatra. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto His www.Padasalai.Netglorifiedwww.Padasalai.Net success and famewww.Padasalai.Net waswww.Padasalai.Net not well received bywww.Padasalai.Net manywww.Padasalai.Net who plotted againstwww.Padasalai.Net him,www.Padasalai.Net which led to him being attacked in an alley near his home in Covent Garden. It is speculated that Lord Rochester hired John Wilmot for the attack. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o From 1678 to 1681, he came up with several dramas including the prose comedy, „Limberham‟, adaptation of „Troilus and Cressida‟ and the play „Spanish Fair‟

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However, none of them were successful which led him o give up as a dramatist and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netinsteadwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net concentrated towards satire.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

o In 1681, he came out with the political satire on Monmouth and Shaftesbury, Absalom and Achitophel. Despite being his first attempt at satirical writing, it went on www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to become the greatest English satires of all time. Since the work favoured Charles II and attacked the Whigs, it drew support from the royalist and the aristocrats as well. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto Followingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net year, he came up www.Padasalai.Net withwww.Padasalai.Net a sequel of his firstwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net satirical work, this timewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in collaboration with Nahum Tate, Second Part of Absalom and Achitophel. Same year, he attacked Shaftesbury supporters with his work entitled, „The Medal‟. www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Neto Alongsidewww.Padasalai.Net satirical work, he builtwww.Padasalai.Net his interest in theology andwww.Padasalai.Net came with his first venturewww.Padasalai.Net in the genre titled, „Religio Laici‟. Translated as „A Layman‟s Faith‟ the work argued Christianity over Deism www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o His later works include the poems, „Threnodia Augustalis‟, „To the Pious Memory ... of Mrs Anne Killigrew‟ and „A Song for Saint Cecilia's Day‟. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Neto The www.Padasalai.NetRevolutionwww.Padasalai.Net of 1688 resultedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in ascendance of Williamwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net III to the throne. Followingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net this turn of events, he faced a major downfall as he was not only deprived of his laureateship, but replaced by his old enemy, Shadwell. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net o During the later years, he survived a living by translating the works of Horace, Juvenal, Ovid, Lucretius, and Theocritus. His work involved making classic English literary work accessible and readable to the general public. His most ambitious project as a translator www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net was released in 1697 under the title, „The Works of Virgil‟ and in 1700 as „Fables Ancient and Modern‟. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Personal Life & Legacy:  He tied the nuptial knot with Lady Elizabeth, royalist sister of Sir Robert Howard. The couple was blessed with three children, all sons. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net  He breathed his last on May 12, 1700. Initially buried in St Anne‟s Cemetery, he was later reburied in Westminster Abbey ten days later.

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All for Love by John Dryden www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Key Facts about All For Love:

 Full Title: All For Love www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Whenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Written: 1677 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net  Where Written: London, England  When Published: 1678 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Literarywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Period: Restoration www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net  Genre: Drama, Tragedy  Setting: Ancient Egypt www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Climax:www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony and Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netcommit suicide, thus inauguratingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the beginning ofwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netthe Roman Empire and the end of the Roman Republic.  Antagonist: Octavius. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Dedication: All For Love begins with John Dryden‟s dedication of the play to an aristocratic patron, www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetThomas Osborne.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net He praises Osbornewww.Padasalai.Net forwww.Padasalai.Net his loyalty to the crownwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net during the English Civilwww.Padasalai.Net War.www.Padasalai.Net This praise leads Dryden to a larger consideration of the merits of the English constitutional monarchy, which he calls the best form of government in the world. Dryden thinks that all www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netattempts at www.Padasalai.Net“reform”www.Padasalai.Net are dangerous, sincewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net any rebellion strikes www.Padasalai.Netatwww.Padasalai.Net “the root of power, whichwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net is obedience.”

Preface: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetDrydenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net then writes a preface aboutwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the play itself. The storywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of Antony and Cleopatrahaswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net been “oft told,” most famously by William Shakespeare, but Dryden has made some changes. For instance, he has invented new characters and scripted a fictional meeting between Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netand Octavia,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net Antony‟s Roman wife.www.Padasalai.Net Hewww.Padasalai.Net explains that Antonywww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net and Cleopatra are appealingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net protagonists because they are neither wholly good nor evil.

www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetHistorical Contextwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of All For Love: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net The English Civil War dominated political, religious, and cultural life in England in the middle of the seventeenth century. During the late 1630s and early 1640s, King Charles I

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experienced increasing tensions with his Parliament. In 1642, a republican Puritan faction in www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetParliament www.Padasalai.Net tookwww.Padasalai.Net power and banned theaterwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net on the grounds thatwww.Padasalai.Net itwww.Padasalai.Net was immoral. In 1649,www.Padasalai.Net afterwww.Padasalai.Net years of fighting between republican and royalist forces, King Charles I was executed. Following eighteen years of republican rule, his son King Charles II returned to the throne in 1660. That www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netsame year, thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net theaters reopened. Thus,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netthe “Restoration” of Charleswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net II was also a restorationwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of English drama. Dryden became a fierce royalist after the Restoration, and for the rest of his life he remained wary of the dangers of rebellion, civil war, and threats to hierarchical authority—a www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netpolitical stancewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net reflected in All For Love.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Other Books Related to All For Love: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAll Forwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Love is a play typicalwww.Padasalai.Net ofwww.Padasalai.Net the literary period knownwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as “Restoration drama”www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net— which is to say, plays written between 1660 and 1700. Restoration drama was notably different from earlier English drama in several important ways. For one, women were allowed to act on www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netthe Englishwww.Padasalai.Net stagewww.Padasalai.Net for the first time.www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net The Restoration periodwww.Padasalai.Net alsowww.Padasalai.Net saw the rise of womenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net playwrights like Aphra Behn, whose most celebrated play was The Rover (1677), a comedy of manners involving the sexual and romantic lives of a group of banished royalist noblemen. Her www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Network is characteristicwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of the Restorationwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netperiod in its emphasis onwww.Padasalai.Net raunchywww.Padasalai.Net dialogue and sexuallywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net explicit content, themes that also typify other well-known Restoration plays like George Etherege‟s The Man of Mode (1676) and William Wycherley‟s The Country Wife (1675). But if www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetRestoration www.Padasalai.Netcomedywww.Padasalai.Net frequently focusedwww.Padasalai.Net onwww.Padasalai.Net rakes, virgins, unfaithfulwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net wives, and other stock types,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Restoration tragedy—the sort of play that Dryden was writing—was serious and aimed to imitate European models. Dryden was very influenced by French tragedy, which he alternatively www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netadmired andwww.Padasalai.Net rebelledwww.Padasalai.Net against in his ownwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net writing. Jean Racine‟swww.Padasalai.Net Phèdrewww.Padasalai.Net (1677) opened shortlywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net before All For Love and has much in common with it: both plays are five-act tragedies set in the ancient world that feature a woman protagonist who dies by her own hand. Dryden implicitly www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netaimed manywww.Padasalai.Net critiqueswww.Padasalai.Net at Racine in hiswww.Padasalai.Net prefacewww.Padasalai.Net to his own play. Hewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net complained of “dull” Frenchwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net playwrights who are too careful not to offend anyone, and criticized the character of Hippolytus in Phèdre, who in Dryden‟s view is so concerned with “decorum” and good manners that he becomes ridiculous. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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Finally, All For Love is in many ways a self-conscious imitation of an older play: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetWilliam Shakespeare‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony and Cleopatra.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Dryden greatly admiredwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Shakespeare, whomwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he called a genius. However, this didn‟t stop him from making significant changes to Shakespeare‟s version of the story. Unlike Shakespeare‟s Antony and Cleopatra, All For Love is set entirely in www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetEgypt ratherwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net than Rome and focuseswww.Padasalai.Net narrowlywww.Padasalai.Net on the romanticwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net lives of its two protagonists,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net including an invented love triangle featuring a new character, Dollabella. In this sense, the play is much more a romantic tragedy than Shakespeare‟s political drama. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Character list:

Mark Antony: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetMarkwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.NetAntony, a Roman triumviratewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net who, in his role of leader,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net is caught between concernwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net for his people and his love for a woman. Antony shows various human traits as he tries to recapture his position of leadership against invading forces, as he accepts the friendship of his www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netfaithful officers,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as he considers reconciliationwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net with his wife and www.Padasalai.Netfamily,www.Padasalai.Net as he is duped by cleverwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net antagonistic individuals, and as he is shown incapable of adapting to these various relationships because of his devotion to Cleopatra, his mistress. Not strong enough or discerning enough to www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdetermine herwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net motives, Antony dies a failure.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Cleopatra: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetCleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net is the queen of Egyptwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and mistress of Antony.www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net Steadfast in her love, aswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net she convinces him before his death, she is deluded by some of her servants and shows the vulnerability of the great at the hands of the crafty. Cleopatra is victorious over her peers, in that www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netshe averts Antony‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net return to his family.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net She takes her life to avoidwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the celebration of victwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netory over Antony‟s troops, a defeat that prompts Antony‟s suicide. Cleopatra glories in imminent death as the poison of the asp she has applied to her arm flows through her body. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Alexas: Alexas is Cleopatra‟s eunuch, opposed to his queen‟s and Antony‟s love. Scheming www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAlexas useswww.Padasalai.Net flattery,www.Padasalai.Net chicanery, and lieswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to influence people. Knowingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net that Antony‟s troopswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net are about to be attacked, he encourages the troops to celebrate in honor of Antony‟s birthday. Learning that Antony has been persuaded by his own officers to defend his position, Alexas www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net9 Website:www.Padasalai.Net www.akshiraa.comwww.Padasalai.Net Mobile:www.Padasalai.Net 9487976999 www.Padasalai.Net

connives to have Antony intercepted by Cleopatra as he leaves the city. Alexas also conspires to www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netarouse Antony‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net jealousy and to castwww.Padasalai.Net doubtwww.Padasalai.Net on Cleopatra‟s fidelity,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and he lies when hewww.Padasalai.Net tellswww.Padasalai.Net Antony that Cleopatra has taken her life. Alexas is brought to justice for his perfidy. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetVentidius: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Ventidius is Antony‟s general and faithful follower. Seeing through Alexas‟ devices, he is able to circumvent some of the disaster intended for his leader. Doubting Cleopatra‟s motives, www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetVentidius trieswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to divert Antony‟s attentionwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net from her. Althoughwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he is discerning, Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net becomes the tool of Alexas in one of his tricks. Feeling that he has unwittingly betrayed his leader, he tries to make amends too late. Ventidius takes his own life when he sees Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdying. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Dolabella: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetDolabellawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net is Antony‟s friend,www.Padasalai.Net who,www.Padasalai.Net although faithful, iswww.Padasalai.Net banishedwww.Padasalai.Net because Antonywww.Padasalai.Net fearswww.Padasalai.Net that Cleopatra may fall in love with the handsome young Roman. Dolabella, dedicated to the Roman cause, attempts a reconciliation between Antony and his family. His affinity to Rome and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAntony are www.Padasalai.Net reflectedwww.Padasalai.Net also in his willingnesswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to see Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Net andwww.Padasalai.Net to say farewell to herwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net for Antony, who, realizing his lack of will, does not see his mistress before he attempts to renew his fight against the invaders. Dolabella‟s effort to serve is in vain: Antony believes, despite their www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdenials, thatwww.Padasalai.Net Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Net and his young followerwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net are in love. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Octavia: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetShe www.Padasalai.Netiswww.Padasalai.Net Antony‟s wife and sisterwww.Padasalai.Net towww.Padasalai.Net Octavius, another of thewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Nettriumvirate. Although shewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netis a woman of charm and determination, Octavia is no match for Cleopatra in the fight for Antony‟s love. Octavia‟s announcement that Octavius will withdraw his army if Octavia and Antony are www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netreunited andwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net the sight of his two daughterswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net cause Antony towww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net give serious considerationwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to reconciliation, but his contemplation is relatively short-lived. Octavia accepts the failure of her mission and returns to the Roman camp. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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Charmion and Iras: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetTheywww.Padasalai.Net arewww.Padasalai.Net Cleopatra‟s maids. Loyalwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to their queen, they arewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netfrequent emissaries to Antonywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in behalf of Cleopatra. Unwilling to face life without her, Charmion and Iras follow the queen‟s example and allow themselves to be bitten by the asp that already has poisoned her. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Serapion: Serapion is a priest of Isis. Although involved in the action of the play, he is principally a www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netspokesman www.Padasalai.Netforwww.Padasalai.Net the author. He opens thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net play with an announcementwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of the ill omens andwww.Padasalai.Net whatwww.Padasalai.Net they portend for Egypt; he also speaks last in pronouncing the valediction over Antony and Cleopatra. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Agrippina and Antonia: They are Antony and Octavia‟s daughters. Their appearance before their father and their www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdelight in seeingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net him move him momentarilywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to consider returningwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netto his family. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Myris: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetHe iswww.Padasalai.Net anotherwww.Padasalai.Net priest. He discusseswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net with Serapion the eventswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netthat bode no good. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Brief Summary: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAfterwww.Padasalai.Net hiswww.Padasalai.Net humiliating defeat at www.Padasalai.NetActium,www.Padasalai.Net Mark Antony retireswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to Alexandria, Egypt, wherewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he remains in seclusion for some time in the temple of Isis. He avoids meeting his mistress, Cleopatra, the queen of Egypt, whose cowardice largely caused the defeat. Meanwhile the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetRomans, underwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Octavius, Maecenas, andwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Agrippa, have invaded www.Padasalai.NetEgypt,www.Padasalai.Net where, having laid www.Padasalai.Netsiegewww.Padasalai.Net to Alexandria, they calmly await Antony‟s next move. Serapion, a patriot and a priest of Isis, becomes alarmed at a sudden rising of the Nile and by prodigious disturbances among the royal www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Nettombs; thesewww.Padasalai.Net eventswww.Padasalai.Net seem to presage disasterwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net for Egypt. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Ventidius, Antony‟s trusted and highly successful general in the Middle East, comes at this time to Alexandria to aid his commander. Alexas, Cleopatra‟s loyal, scheming eunuch, and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Serapion try to encourage citizens and troops with a splendid birthday festival in Antony‟s honor. Ventidius, in Roman fashion, scorns the celebration. He tells Antony‟s Roman soldiers

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not to rejoice, but to prepare to defend Antony in his peril. Antony, clearly a ruined man, at last www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netcomes out www.Padasalai.Net ofwww.Padasalai.Net his seclusion. While hewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net curses his fate and lamentswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the day that he was www.Padasalai.Net born,www.Padasalai.Net Ventidius, in concealment, overhears the pitiful words of his emperor. Revealing his presence, he attempts to console Antony. Both men weep; Antony marvels that Ventidius can remain faithful www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netto a leader whowww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net brought a large part of www.Padasalai.Netthewww.Padasalai.Net Roman Empire to ruinwww.Padasalai.Net throughwww.Padasalai.Net his love for Cleopatra.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Ventidius offers to Antony his twelve legions, which are stationed in Lower Syria, but his www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netstipulation thatwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net these legions will notwww.Padasalai.Net fightwww.Padasalai.Net for Cleopatra plungeswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net doting Antony into renewedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net gloom. When Ventidius mentions the name of Cleopatra lightly, Antony takes offense and curses the general as a traitor. After this insult Antony, his mind filled with misgivings, guilt, and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netindecision, www.Padasalai.Nethastenswww.Padasalai.Net to assure Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netof his love for him. He www.Padasalai.Netpromiseswww.Padasalai.Net to leave Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to join the legions in Syria. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetThe www.Padasalai.Networdwww.Padasalai.Net that Antony is preparingwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to desert her leaves Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in a mood of angerwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netand despair. Meanwhile Charmion, her maid, goes to Antony and begs the Roman to say farewell to her mistress. Antony refuses, saying that he does not trust himself in Cleopatra‟s presence. Not www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdaunted by www.Padasalai.Net thiswww.Padasalai.Net refusal, Alexas later www.Padasalai.Net interceptswww.Padasalai.Net Antony as he marcheswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net out of Alexandria.www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net The eunuch flatters the Romans and presents them with rich jewels from Cleopatra. As Antony is with difficulty clasping a bracelet around his arm, Cleopatra makes her prepared appearance. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAntony bitterlywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net accuses her of falsenesswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and of being the cause www.Padasalai.Netofwww.Padasalai.Net his downfall. The two argue.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net In desperation, Cleopatra tells Antony that as her friend he must go to Syria, but that as her lover he must stay in Alexandria to share her fate. Antony wavers in his determination to leave when www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetCleopatra tellswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net him that she spurned Octavius‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net offer of all Egyptwww.Padasalai.Net andwww.Padasalai.Net Syria if she would joinwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net his forces, and he elects to stay when she represents herself as a weak woman left to the mercy of the cruel invaders. Antony declares, in surrendering again to Cleopatra‟s charms, that Octavius could www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Nethave the worldwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as long as he had Cleopatra‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net love. Ventidius is overcomewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net with shame and pitywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net at Antony‟s submission.

Cleopatra is triumphant in her renewed power over Antony, and Antony seems to have www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net recovered some of his former magnificence when he is successful in minor engagements against the troops of Octavius. While Octavius, biding his time, holds his main forces in check,

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Ventidius, still hopeful of saving Antony, suggests that a compromise might be arranged with www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetMaecenas orwww.Padasalai.Net withwww.Padasalai.Net Agrippa. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Dolabella, the friend whom Antony banishes because he fears that Cleopatra might grow www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netto love the youngwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Roman, comes fromwww.Padasalai.Net Octavius‟swww.Padasalai.Net camp to remindwww.Padasalai.Net Antonywww.Padasalai.Net that he has obligationswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net toward his wife and two daughters. Then Octavia and her two young daughters are brought before Antony, Octavia, in spite of Antony‟s desertion, still hopes for reconciliation with her www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Nethusband. Whenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony accuses herwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net of bargaining with hewww.Padasalai.Netrwww.Padasalai.Net brother Octavius, Octavia,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net undismayed, admits that Octavius is prepared to withdraw from Egypt at the news that a reconciliation has been effected between his sister and Antony. Octavia‟s calm dignity affects www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAntony greatly,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and when his two smallwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net daughters embrace him,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he declares himself readywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to submit to the will of Octavia. Cleopatra, entering upon this family reunion, exchanges insults with the momentarily triumphant Octavia. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Still afraid to face Cleopatra for the last time, Antony prevails upon Dolabella to speak his farewell to Cleopatra. Dolabella, aspiring to Cleopatra‟s favors, accepts the mission with www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netpleasure. Alexas,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net knowing of Dolabella‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net weakness and ever solicitouswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of the welfare of Egypt,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net advises Cleopatra to excite Antony‟s jealousy by pretending to be interested in Dolabella.After Ventidius and Octavia secretly overhear the conversation between Dolabella and Cleopatra, www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetVentidius, nowwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net unwittingly a tool of Alexas,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net reports to Antony www.Padasalai.NetCleopatra‟swww.Padasalai.Net apparent interestwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in the young Dolabella. Octavia confirms his report, and Alexas suggests to the raging Antony that Cleopatra is capable of perfidy. Antony‟s passionate reaction to this information convinces www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetOctavia thatwww.Padasalai.Net herwww.Padasalai.Net mission is a failure andwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net she returns to the Romanwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net camp. Antony, meanwhile,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net accuses Cleopatra and Dolabella of treachery. Ignoring their earnest denials, he banishes them from his presence. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Cleopatra, cursing the eunuch‟s ill advice, attempts unsuccessfully to take her own life with a dagger. Antony ascends a tower in Alexandria harbor to watch an impending naval engagement between the Egyptian and Roman fleets. To his horror he sees the two fleets join www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and the entire force advance to attack the city. Antony realizes now that his end is near; furthermore, his heart is broken by the belief that Cleopatra is responsible for the treachery of the

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Egyptian fleet.When Alexas brings false word that Cleopatra retired to her tomb and took her www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netlife, Antony,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net no longer desiring to live,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net falls on his own sword.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net The faithful Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net killswww.Padasalai.Net himself. Cleopatra comes to the dying Antony and convinces him, before he dies, that she remained steadfast in her love for him. Then, to cheat Octavius of a final triumph, she dresses in www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Nether royal robeswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and permits herself www.Padasalai.Net towww.Padasalai.Net be bitten by a poisonouswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net asp. Her maids, Iraswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net and Charmion, kill themselves in the same manner. Serapion enters to find Cleopatra joined with her Antony in death. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetDetailed Summary:www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony, who along with Octavius Caesar (the brother of his wife Octavia) has defeated Brutus and Cassius (who murdered Julius Caesar), is now on bad terms with Caesar as he loves www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetCleopatra (thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net ruler of Egypt) and for herwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net sake he has abandoned www.Padasalai.Nethiswww.Padasalai.Net wife (sister of Octavius)www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netand daughters. Caesar (the ruler of Roman Empire) now wants to take revenge from Antony. For years Antony is living in Egypt with his beloved Cleopatra and is quite happy with his life. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetHowever whenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the play opens, we findwww.Padasalai.Net thatwww.Padasalai.Net he is quite sorrowful www.Padasalai.Netandwww.Padasalai.Net depressed. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Act-1: www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net The www.Padasalai.NetPlaywww.Padasalai.Net opens with the discussionwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of some citizens of Egypt.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Serapion tells his fellowswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net about the queer supernatural incidents that he witnessed last night. Alexas, the eunuch, who is in the service of Cleopatra comes to them and scolds Serapion for telling his cooked dreams to www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netothers and warnswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net him from doing so. www.Padasalai.NetVentidiuswww.Padasalai.Net, a Roman knightwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netcomes. Alexas recognisewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Nethim and tells the citizens that though he hates Ventidius, yet it cannot be denied that he is of the bravest Romans. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net As Alexas sees Ventidius approaching to him, he announces that Egypt will celebrate Antony‟s birthday with great pump and show. Ventidius is displeased with Alexas www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netannouncementwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as Antony‟s life is inwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net danger and Egyptians www.Padasalai.Net arewww.Padasalai.Net celebrating his suffering.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Ventidius goes to Alexas and abuses Cleopatra as “she has quite unmanned him (Antony)”. He says that Antony was a brave soldier but Cleopatra has made him useless with her false love. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Ventidius then asks about Antony and is told that he is quite depressed and does not meet anybody. He also comes to know that Antony has not eaten anything for days. Ventidius, being a

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close friend of Antony, goes to him. Antony first repels him but when Ventidius weeps, he feels www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netpity and bothwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netare reconciled. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Ventidius praises his chivalry and asks him to accompany him to River Nile where www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net10,000 bravewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netsoldiers are waiting for himwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net so that he may commandwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net them to fight against Caesar.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony first denies his proposal but at last agrees to quit Egypt. Ventidius talks bad about Cleopatra saying that she has ruined his life. Antony doesn‟t like words against Cleopatra and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netasks him to www.Padasalai.Netpreventwww.Padasalai.Net such statements. Howeverwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net he agrees to leave www.Padasalai.Netherwww.Padasalai.Net for the sake of honour.www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net

Act-2: Alexas has informed Cleopatra about the discussion of Antony and Ventidius. Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net becomes sorrowful. Charamion enters and tells about the current situation. Cleopatra asks him about the behaviour of Antony. Charamion assures her that Antony is as sorrowful as she is. Alexas tell Cleopatra a plan by which Antony will probably change his mind. Meanwhile Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and Ventidius ridicule and laugh at the cowardice of Octavius Ceasar. Alexas enter and tell Antony that Cleopatra has prayed for him and also given some gifts as a token of her love.

www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net Sayingwww.Padasalai.Net this he distributes braceletswww.Padasalai.Net to the soldiers. Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net calling them “poisonedwww.Padasalai.Net gifts” rejects them and says, “I‟m not ashamed of honest poverty; nor all the diamonds of the east can bribe Ventidius from his faith.” Antony, in spite of Ventidius‟s disapproval, accepts the gift www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netbut is unablewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netto wear it. Cleopatra enters.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony starts blamingwww.Padasalai.Net herwww.Padasalai.Net as because of her, hiswww.Padasalai.Net firstwww.Padasalai.Net wife died and he left Octavia (his 2nd wife; the sister of Octavius Caesar) and because of it Caesar has waged war against him. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net He also reminds her of the last battle in which she left him alone in the battlefield and she ran away. He also tells her that she was the mistress of Julius Caesar and still he accepted her. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetCleopatra, towww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netdefend herself first tells www.Padasalai.Nethimwww.Padasalai.Net that though she had givenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net her body to Julius Caesar,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net she gave her soul to Antony and also shows a page to him on which a message is written which Antony recognises as the writing of Octavius Caesar. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony reads the message and comes to know that Caesar had offered Cleopatra her full safety if she would have handed over Antony to him. Antony melts. Alexas exclaims, “He melts,

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we conquer.” Antony and Cleopatra are reconciled. Ventidius, being annoyed and helpless, goes www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netaway saying,www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net“O women! Women! Allwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netthe gods have not such powerwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of doing good to man,www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net as you of doing harm.” www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAct-3 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony and Cleopatra are enjoying the pleasures of love. Both praise each other. Antony says, “In thy embrace, I would be beheld by heaven and earth at once.” Ventidius enters. Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwants to leavewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net unnoticed but Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netcatches hold of him. Antonywww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net requests him not to repeatwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the past statements again and tells Ventidius that he has killed 5000 Romans (of Octavius Caesar). www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Ventidius says that Octavius is not short of army and danger stills prevails over them. Antony tells him that he had a close friend (Dolabella) in the army of Caesar. But now they www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net(Antony andwww.Padasalai.Net Dolabella)www.Padasalai.Net are not on goodwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net terms as someday in thewww.Padasalai.Net past,www.Padasalai.Net Dolabella fell in lovewww.Padasalai.Net withwww.Padasalai.Net Cleopatra and Antony made him to leave Egypt. Ventidius then brings Dolabella. Both Dolebella and Antony explain how much they missed each other. Now Ventidius and Dolabella criticize www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAntony for www.Padasalai.Netbeingwww.Padasalai.Net a servant of Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netand remind him of Octavia.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net They tell him that he shouldwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net reconcile with Octavia and thus the danger of Caesar will wither away. Ventidius brings Octavia and her daughters with him. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony remains cold to them. Dolabella and Ventidius scold him for his behaviour and force him to accept his wife and daughters. Antony at last accepts them and once again agrees to quit Egypt. Meanwhile Cleopatra is informed about the reconciliation of Antony and Octavia and www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net becomes sorrowful. Alexas once again ensures her that Antony will change his decision. Octavia enters and both the ladies indulge in a heated discussion over Antony. Octavia goes away and Cleopatra fears that she will lose Antony. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Act-4 Antony persuades Dolabella to bid his goodbye to Cleopatra as he lacks courage to do so. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Dolabella refuses but when Antony insists, he agrees at last. Dolabella while going to Cleopatra thinks of deceiving his friend by proposing Cleopatra. Meanwhile Alexas persuades Cleopatra to

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show Antony that she loves Dolabella and out of jealousy, Antony will return back to her. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetDolabella enterswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and tells falsely to Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net that Antony has talkedwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net bad of her. She faints. www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net

Dolabella repents over his lie and tells Cleopatra the truth and Cleopatra also tells him the www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netreal motivewww.Padasalai.Net ofwww.Padasalai.Net showing sympathy towww.Padasalai.Net himwww.Padasalai.Net (to make Antony jealous).www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Ventidius and Octaviawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net hearing some part of their discussion assume that they (Cleopatra and Dolabella) have fell in love with each other and meeting Antony inform him about it. Antony does not believe them. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetVentidius inwww.Padasalai.Net orderwww.Padasalai.Net to prove his statementwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net brings Alexas, who giveswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net his consent to Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netand Octavia. Antony is quite enraged. A little later, Dolabella and Cleopatra enter, who are unaware of the situation. Antony blames both of them for being deceitful. They protest but Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netdominates. Bothwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net go away sorrowfully.www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

Act-5 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net blames Alexas for briningwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net her to such a situationwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and orders her to resolvewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the matter by himself. On the advice of Serapion, she goes to her castle to remain safe. Alexas makes a plan to save his life. He goes to Antony and tells him that Cleopatra has committed suicide. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.NetAntony recogniseswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the innocence of Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and considers thewww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Networld and the kingdom www.Padasalai.Nettowww.Padasalai.Net be useless for him without her. He asks Ventidius to kill him. But Ventidius instead kills himself. Antony hits himself with his sword and is badly wounded but not yet dead. Meanwhile Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netbecomes awarewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of the words spoken bywww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.NetAlexas to Antony and rusheswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to Antony. Both reconcile.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony dies in her lap. A little later Cleopatra dies in the arms of Antony by making a snake to bite her. Egypt is conquered by Caesar. www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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John Dryden’s All for Love www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net1) Who firstwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net used the term „Metaphysics‟?www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (PG – 2015) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) John Donne (B) Dryden (C) Milton (D) T.S.Eliot www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net2) Dryden‟swww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net „An Essay on Dramaticwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net Poesie‟ is cast in the formwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of ______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (PG -2003, PG - 2015) (A) Poem (B) Address (C) Play (D) Dialogue www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 3) Dryden admires ______but he loves Shakespeare. (PG - 2015) (A) Pope (B) Virgil (C) Milton (D) Jonson www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 4) Who among the following writers was a member of the royal society which was founded in 1662 to fix English spelling? (PG - 2015) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Beckettwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Jameswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.NetBoswell (C) Skinner www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Dryden www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

5) Who used the term „biography‟ for the first time? (AEEO – 2012) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Dr.Johnsonwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Carlyewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Dryden www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Boswell www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

6) “The true end of satire is the amendment of vices by correction”. This observation is by www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (BRTE – 2008) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Dryden (B) Pope (C) Swift (D) Sidney www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net7) Restorationwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net enthroned ______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (BRTE – 2008) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) James I (B) Charles I (C) Charles II (D) James II www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net8) „A Songwww.Padasalai.Net forwww.Padasalai.Net St.Cecilia‟s Day‟ is writtenwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net by ______(BRTEwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net – 2010, BRTE - 2005)www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Shakespeare (B) Milton (C) John Donne (D) John Dryden www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net9) What iswww.Padasalai.Net thewww.Padasalai.Net other name given to www.Padasalai.Netthewww.Padasalai.Net play „All for Love‟ by www.Padasalai.NetJohnwww.Padasalai.Net Dryden? (PG - 2013)www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) As You Like it (B) World Well Lost (C) All is Well (D) Life for Love

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10) John Dryden was an excellent practitioner in ______(AEEO – 2010) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Blankwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Verse www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Heroic Coupletwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Epic Style (D) Dramatic Monologue www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net11) The theatreswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net were closed in Englandwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in the year ______www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net(BRTE – 2005) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) 1066 (B) 1654 (C) 1660 (D) 1642 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net12) The greatwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net fire of London occurredwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in the year ______(BRTEwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net – 2006) www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) 1664 (B) 1665 (C) 1666 (D) 1667 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net13) The Agewww.Padasalai.Net ofwww.Padasalai.Net Dryden is called ______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (SET - 2012)www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) the Romantic Age (B) the Elizabethan Age (C) the Victorian Age (D) the Augustan Age www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 14) Restoration Period marks the restoration of: (NET – J2006) (A) women’s rights (B) democracy C) monarchy (D) human rights www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 15) Who else of the following is called the Father of English Criticism? (SET – 2012) (A) Dr. Johnson (B) John Dryden (C) Longinus (D) Mathew Arnold www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 16) To whom did Dryden dedicate his All for Love ? (A) Earl of York (B) Earl of Danby (C) Charles II (D) His wife www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 17) Who narrate the ominous portents in the opening scene of All for Love ? (A) Antony and Cleopatra (B) Alexas nd Iras www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Serapionwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net and Myris www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Net andwww.Padasalai.Net Iras www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

18) Who was Antony's first wife ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Octaviawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Fulviawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) Gracia www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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19) In which battle did Cleopatra abandon Antony ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Phillipiwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Actiumwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Athens www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Alexandria www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

20) Who are ready to follow Antony if he gives up Cleopatra ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Merchantswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net in Rome www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Soliders www.Padasalai.NetInwww.Padasalai.Net Lower Syria www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Alexandrian soliders (D) Octavius Caesar www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net21) Who kisseswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the hand of Cleopatrawww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Dollabella (B) Ventidius (C) Octavius Caesar (D) Lepidus www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net22) Whom didwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Antony ask to stab himwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net to death ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Dollabella (B) Ventidius (C) Octavius Caesar (D) Lepidus www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net23) Who haswww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netsuggested the sub title ofwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.NetAll for the Love ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Congreve (B) Eliot (C) Cassandra (D) Castlemaine www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net24) Which ofwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net the following is definedwww.Padasalai.Net aswww.Padasalai.Net a heroic tragedy in blankwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net verse ? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Samson Agonistes (B) All for Love (C) Tom Jones (D) Macbeth www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 25) What is the first drama in blank verse written by Dryden ? (A) Spanish Friar (B) Don Sebastian (C) All for Love (D) Love Triumphant www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 26) The other title given by Dryden for „All for Love‟ is ______(A) Antony and Cleopatra (B) Loves Labour Lost www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net World Well Lost www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) The Conquestwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of Granada www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

27) ______is a eunuch serving under Cleopatra. (A) Alexas (B) Serapion (C) Charmion (D) Dolabella www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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28) Which bird does Antony compare Octavius to? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) eaglewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) ostrichwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) wren www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) owl www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

29) To whom does Antony compare himself after he won a battle against Octavius? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Samsonwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Herculeswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Atlas www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Ulysses www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

30) Who wants to establish peace between Antony and Octavius? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Serapionwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Dolabellawww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) Alexas www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

31) To whom does Antony ask to stab him to death? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Ventidiuswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Alexaswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Serapionwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) Octavius www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

32) Who says, “No lovers so great, or died so well”? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Myriswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Dolabellawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Serapionwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

33) Dryden‟s „All for Love‟ was published in ______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) 1678www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) 1682www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) 1686 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) 1688 www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

34) Who is Ventidius in the play? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Thewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net old general of Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Servant ofwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.NetCleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C)Brother of Cleopatra (D) The old general of Octavius www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net35) The Romanswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net camp all around Alexandriawww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net under the leadershipwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of ______www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Octavius Caesar (B) Antony (C) Dolabella (D) Octavius www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 36) Who informs Serpion that Ventidius is deadly enemy of Egypt and that coming is not good sign? (A) Alexas (B) Antony (C) Dolabella (D) Octavius www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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37) Who Serapion in the play? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Priestwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Soldierwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) General www.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Net (D) Doctor www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

38) Charmion and Iras are the ______in the paly? www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Maidswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net of Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (B) Doctors www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Teachers (D) Soldiers of Cleopatra www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net39) “But I havewww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net lost my reason, have disgraced”.www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Who says to whom?www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (A) Ventidius to Antony (B) Antony to Ventidius (C) Alexas to Serapion (D) Cleopatra to Alexas www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net 40) Who is conflict between his passion for Cleopatra and the pressure of others? (A) Julius Caesar (B) Dolabella www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (C) Octaviuswww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net Caesar www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net (D) Antony www.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Netwww.Padasalai.Net

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