Fall 2008 Page 1 Botanic Garden News

The Botanic Garden Volume 11, No. 2 of Smith College Fall 2008

Celebrating Asian Culture in Flower, Fabric, and Flavor Madelaine Zadik

A s the fall season was made their way to . winding down, hillsides once The Japanese have been ablaze with color faded into a breeding and growing winter gray. Everyone was busy them ever since, raking leaves and putting their perfecting the gardens to bed. At the same time, horticultural techniques. something very different was Smith College is one of unfolding inside the Lyman a handful of gardens Conservatory. outside of Japan that Since the early 1900s, grows chrysanthemums have been in this labor-intensive painstakingly coaxed, pruned, and manner. In this year’s pinched into a variety of October/November issue unexpected shapes, and students of Horticulture have been using chrysanthemums magazine, our show was in hybridizing experiments. What featured alongside the probably began as a small display New York Botanical and learning experience for Garden’s show. For the students has, over the past Japanese obi hanging on Torii (gate) with a crest, past months, our staff century, grown into quite an the Imperial of Japan (in background). Photographs by Madelaine Zadik has meticulously impressive display, spilling over into a few nurtured and trained the plants into a greenhouses and showcasing a variety of colors variety of forms. Our display and unusual flower forms. Somewhere along the featured fans and cascades that lined line, it became an annual tradition. We searched the greenhouse walls, forming the Smith College Archives and found a reference hanging “waterfalls” of flowers. to the show in a student newspaper dated 1910. Standards, or exhibition mums, were However, we have never been able to pinpoint the pruned into single stems with giant exact date of Smith’s first “official” flowers, some reaching up to 8 Chrysanthemum Show. If you missed our 2003 inches across, atop 7-foot-tall plants. exhibit highlighting the history of the Fall Chrysanthemum design on kimono fabric Reflecting the Asian origins of the Chrysanthemum Show at Smith College, you can chrysanthemum and the Japanese still see it on our website: style of growing them, this year’s show www.smith.edu/garden/exhibits/alummumexhibit/mumalumsmain.html. expanded to become a Celebration of Asian Whereas the Smith Mum Show goes back only 100 years, the Japanese have Culture in Flower, Fabric, and Flavor. We been training and cultivating kiku (chrysanthemum in Japanese) for centuries. incorporated a Japanese-style Torii (gate), Although chrysanthemums originated in China, by the eighth century they had (Continued on page 8)

Botanic Garden News Page 2 Fall 2008 Botanical Knowledge to the Rescue Elaine Chittenden

Botanic Garden News is published twice a year O n a humid day this past June, I went for a bike ride along the canal by the Friends of the Botanic Garden walk that spans four miles from the bridge in my hometown of Suffield, of Smith College. Connecticut, to the Windsor Locks bridge. It turned out to be one of my The Botanic Garden of Smith College more interesting rides. This extremely thin strip of land supports prairie Northampton, Massachusetts 01063 grasses adjacent to the trail and larger expanses of floodplain forest where 413-585-2740 the Stony Brook empties into the Connecticut River. In September of 2007, www.smith.edu/garden I began collecting seed from the site for our Index Seminum, a list for an Director Michael Marcotrigiano international seed exchange program in which the Smith Botanic Garden Manager of Education and Madelaine Zadik has been an active participant over the past century. On this day, I was Outreach scoping out plants whose seed might later be collected for exchange with Manager of Living Elaine Chittenden institutions around the world. Many plants in our collection have made their Collections way here through this botanical exchange between gardens. Conservatory Manager Rob Nicholson Administrative Coordinator Sheri Lyn Peabody On my way back, when I was within a quarter mile of the parking lot on Office Assistant and Pamela Dods AC ’08 the Suffield side, I saw a man lying face up halfway across the 6-foot-wide Tour Coordinator path, legs down the steep slope on the river side of the canal. Probably a Summer Internship Gaby Immerman fisherman resting, I thought. As I got closer, I noted a policeman quickly Coordinator approaching on foot. Just as I was slowly passing the prostrate fisherman, Special Projects Coordinator Polly Ryan-Lane the police officer asked if I had any gum or candy on me. I replied, “No” (to Curricular Enhancement Nancy Rich Consultant the disbelief of coworkers), and he explained the man was a diabetic having Greenhouse Technicians Nathan Saxe a low sugar episode. The diabetic balked at the cost of an ambulance as the Steve Sojkowski policeman confirmed its deployment and said he just needed to rest a bit. Chief Arborist John Berryhill I immediately parked my bike and noted a Chief Gardener Tracey A. P. Culver squat mulberry bush at the top of the steep Asst. Curator & Gardener Jeff Rankin slope. It was a white mulberry, Morus alba, Gardener Manuel Santos with a few ripe fruit. I picked one and said to Friends of the Botanic Garden of the diabetic, “These are not bad, and if you Smith College Advisory Committee like ’em, I’ll pick you a handful.” He liked Lisa Morrison Baird ’76, Co-Chair them, commenting that they looked like Clara Couric Batchelor ’72 grubs. “They do, but they’re not,” I replied Molly Shaw Beard ’54 Susan Komroff Cohen ’62 and quickly picked the few ripe berries Paula V. Cortes ’70 available. At this moment I noticed how Donna S. De Coursey ’72 childlike this thirty-something adult was Paula Deitz ’59 acting. Meanwhile the policeman had Nancy Watkins Denig ’68 radioed that someone had “given him some Elizabeth Scott Eustis ’75 berries.” He asked me to wait for the Julie Sullivan Jones ’77 Missy Marshall ’72 paramedic when I got back to the parking Lynden Breed Miller ’60 lot. Emily Mobraw ’87 A red sports car with flashing blue lights and an official looking “police Pamela Sheeley Niner ’63 commissioner” vanity plate pulled up. A man quickly hauled a giant first- Cornelia Hahn Oberlander ’44 aid backpack out of his trunk. I told him they were not more than a quarter Sally Saunders Roth ’64 Barbara Palmer Stern ’72 mile down the canal and that I’d given the diabetic some white mulberries. Shavaun Towers ’71 After I repeated “white mulberries” he gave me a strange look and began to Ellen Wells ’91 jog toward the trail. As I headed home, sure enough, an ambulance came Marcia Zweig ’75, Co-Chair over the Enfield bridge. I don’t know whether the man got into the

Ex Officio: Carol T. Christ, President, Smith College ambulance or what happened, but I felt proud to know that my botanical Botanic Garden News knowledge was useful in coming to the aid of a fellow citizen.

Editor and Designer Madelaine Zadik Editorial Assistant Constance Parks Morus alba is a native of China and is known as the food of silkworms, which

Botanic Garden Logo designed by feed on its leaves. It has been grown widely around the world for the silk Margaret P. Holden, copyright 1999 industry. In the United States, it has also been used in landscaping for erosion control and windbreaks, although Michael Dirr, in his Manual of Woody Plants, All photos in this issue may be viewed in full color on the newsletter page of our website: lists it as having no landscape value. In many areas it has escaped cultivation, www.smith.edu/garden/Newsletter/botgarnews.html often naturalizing, and there is some concern that it shows invasive tendencies.

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Tree Woes Continue Michael Marcotrigiano S ince my arrival as director in 2000, we’ve seen many large trees removed from campus, some over a hundred years old. Trees were eliminated for construction purposes, for example, to erect the Campus Center, and others may have declined from construction disturbance decades ago. It can take many years before a tree that has had major root damage shows any symptoms. In a few cases, trees were simply at the end of their life cycle and were removed for safety. Whatever the reason, the number of giant trees on campus has diminished significantly in the past eight years. The most recent major loss was a large sycamore, Platanus occidentalis, that was on the west side of Capen House. I always wondered why anyone would have planted such a large species just feet from the building, but when we finally calculated its age, it turned out the building was built around the tree! At about 130–140 years old, the tree appeared in good health unless you looked up carefully and saw the crack near the top. Close inspection revealed a limb stump that had begun to rot many years

ago. The rot had spread internally, forming John Berryhill by Photograph a huge hollow cavity. This cavity once Capen sycamore in summer 2008, just before removal housed the nests of merganser ducks and notably in Massachusetts in the 1960s (Mader most recently squirrels but was uninhabited and Thompson, 1969). when we made the decision to take the tree The decline going on locally and on campus down. Our campus arborist, John Berryhill, is disturbing. Sugar maples are a major climbed the tree and his conclusion was the component of fall color, tourism, and campus tree was an immediate hazard with a new beauty, as well as the source of maple syrup for crack spreading down the trunk. local businesses. It is also a major forest tree so Consultants agreed, saying the tree had researchers are concerned about the effect of significant internal rot, would likely fall decline on forest ecology. Bailey et. al (2004) toward the building if it fell, and was at risk studied soil near failing stands of sugar maples Photograph by Pamela Dods AC ’08 ’08 AC Dods Pamela by Photograph Lily Samuels ’11 and a section of the of breaking apart in the next violent storm. in the Allegheny Plateau and saw a correlation hollow limb of the Capen sycamore Given that major limbs hung over the roof between low soil calcium and magnesium of Capen House, removal was the right course of action. It’s a hard thing to levels and maple decline. They also noted do considering that superficially the tree looked so healthy, the rot being differing results in different parts of the soil confined to the nonliving internal, yet structural, wood. Images of the cavity horizon, indicating that sampling technique was and crack are on our website: a factor. One of the causes for poor nutrient www.smith.edu/garden/Gardens/sycamore.html. content and availability in soil, especially I wish that this incident were unusual, but as you know from previous calcium availability, is an increase in soil newsletters (Fall 2006 p. 1, Fall 2005 p. 8, and Spring 2003 p. 6), we’ve had acidity, which continues to worsen with acid internal rot on many hardwood trees. With the oaks, it is possible that heavy rain. Houle et al. (2007) studying sugar maples clay soils at Smith (most oaks prefer a sandy loam) combined with regrading in Quebec, found that calcium levels in the that followed building construction caused a slow rot of supporting wood. trees’ wood decreased and manganese levels Since our last newsletter, another massive oak on the hill below College Lane increased in trees that were in decline. snapped off, revealing the hollow base of its trunk. The tree looked fine Experiments performed in New Hampshire because the water and food conducting tissue just under the bark was not (Juice et al., 2006) demonstrated that applying affected by the rotting inner wood no longer providing structural support. calcium to forest soils increased sugar maple Yet, it is not the loss of a few oaks in the wooded areas of campus that will vigor and enhanced mycorrhizal colonization. most impact the campus landscape, but rather sugar maple decline that will Mycorhizzae are symbiotic fungi that inhabit create sunny fields where we once enjoyed large expanses of shade. Since plant roots and augment nutrient uptake by fine 2000, fifteen large dying sugar maples have been removed and three more are roots, while using some of the plant’s sugar for scheduled for removal, The most notable of the recently removed maples their own energy. Other stresses to sugar were the two that flanked the entrance of the Helen Hills Hills Chapel. maples include periodic drought, insect What causes sugar maples to decline? I did a literature search in an effort defoliation, and the honey mushroom fungus to see if there is anything we could do to stem the decline of our maples. Armillaria, all of which predispose the tree to Some good research has been done but the results are inconclusive. Several further problems (Horsley et. al, 2002). factors are correlated with the decline. One surprising finding is that there Clearly, there is no magic bullet to solving have been other episodes of major decline in sugar maple in the past, most (Continued on page 4)

Botanic Garden News Page 4 Fall 2008

Tree Woes (Continued from page 3) injury. It is probably too late for the problem of sugar maple decline. One of many of the declining trees, our summer interns, Meghan DeVries, since they become a safety studied some of our trees (a summary of her hazard once major limbs die, research is in the box below). In the short but we can keep an eye on any Asian longhorned beetles: term, we need to pay close attention to maple that is not thriving and Anoplophora glabripennis watering, avoid the use of road salt near try to reverse the trend before female (left) and male (right) maples, and continue to test and adjust soil it is too late. In the meantime, pH. Another confounding factor on campus we will carefully site any new maples to make sure they are in less stressful is soil compaction (caused by errant situations and use other species as replacements so that a decline related to one construction vehicles and spontaneous species has less impact on the entire campus aesthetic. walking paths) and the use of herbicides to I’d like to say that the story ends with the sugar maples but eastern hemlocks, control lawn weeds, which if applied too Tsuga canadensis, are in as much if not more trouble. They have had an often and too close to tree roots can cause ongoing problem with hemlock wooly adelgid, an insect accidentally introduced on the West Coast in the 1920s. Since the 1950s it has killed tens of thousands of hemlocks in New England. This sap-sucking insect causes a loss of vigor and premature needle drop. Eventually, the tree dies if not regularly treated with pesticides or horticultural oils. Hemlock loss is making the winter scenery quite different in naturally wooded areas where eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, is becoming the only large native evergreen. The adelgid has affected the campus landscape by reducing our hemlock population. We removed five trees due to the insect. Of the fifteen remaining hemlocks on campus, two show signs of infestation and were treated with horticultural oil. Recently, we have heard reports of sightings of possibly the worst insect pest to ever attack large trees. The Asian longhorned beetle is a pest of many hardwood Photographs by Mehan Devries ’05 ’05 Devries Mehan by Photographs Signs of sugar maple decline (left) and a healthy tree (right). trees and bores deep into the heartwood. It is thought to have been introduced from China in wooden packing material brought DECLINING SUGAR MAPLES AT SMITH through an airport. It was first spotted During her 2008 summer internship at the Botanic Garden, in 1996 in Brooklyn, New York, and Meghan DeVries ’05 (currently a UMass Stockbridge student) gathered data on Smith’s ailing sugar maples. For her study, shortly after in Chicago. Its host range Meghan chose eight straight species (not cultivars), four healthy is large and includes maple, ash, elm, and four declining, all of which have been growing on campus chestnut, poplar, birch, and willow since at least 1971. Soil and leaf samples were obtained and among others. Its potential to devastate tested for each tree, in an effort to pinpoint nutrient deficiencies the hardwood and shade tree industry or identify differences between healthy and failing trees. is so great that often the government’s Meghan turned up some curious results, including an alarmingly low soil pH for all trees in the study. Low soil pH can only choice is to clear-cut entire areas compromise nutrient availability, but since healthy trees were surrounding the outbreak and burn the also growing in acidic soils, low pH alone does not account for wood in an attempt to contain the the decline. Sodium levels were insignificant in all trees, which spread. Fortunately, Smith College has eliminated deicing salt as a possible cause. The closest Meghan not seen this pest, but unfortunately, an came to a clear culprit was the low percentage of foliar calcium infestation was noted in nearby and magnesium among the declining trees; indeed, in those trees, macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) percentages were lower overall. Based on her analyses, Meghan’s preliminary Worcester, Massachusetts, in August. recommendation was to apply lime, to raise soil pH, and fertilizer, to provide missing nutrients. We have our fingers crossed. If the She also suggested testing the subsoil around these trees at a depth of 18”–24”, as the standard beetle ever were to hit campus, it could 6–8” sample depth may not accurately reflect conditions in the sugar maple root zone. Although devastate a century of landscape trees. further observation and analysis of a larger sample may yield more conclusive findings, Chief It is important if you think you see this Arborist John Berryhill will use Meghan’s results this coming winter to develop a treatment insect that you report it to your state plan aimed at arresting or reversing decline in our remaining sugar maples. The abstract from Meghan’s research is available online at agriculture department, since it is most www.smith.edu/garden/Academics/mapleresearch.html. easily contained before its population (Continued on page 8)

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 PagePage 5 Do Wood Chips Make Good Tree Mulch? Michael Marcotrigiano A lmost everyone planting a new tree wants to prevent weeds from coming up around it. The choices for weed suppression are many, ranging Loosely adapted (with permission) from Linda Chalker-Scott’s The Informed Gardener, from hand weeding to the less environmentally friendly application of University of Washington Press, 2008. herbicides. In between these extremes is mulching. Besides suppressing most weeds, repeated use of mulches can improve soil structure, prevent water loss, decomposing and releasing locked up nutrients and lessen erosion. back to the soil. I recommend that those who A common sight is lawn growing right up to the trunk of a tree, but this is rake away leaves return them to the site in the detrimental to the tree. Turfgrass roots compete with tree roots and generally form of compost or fertilize to make up for win the battle for water and mineral nutrients. I have seen, even at Smith, trees what was hauled away. killed by weed whackers girdling the trunk, when an uninformed laborer tries Can wood chips attract termites? Most to cut grass that is growing against the trunk. The solution is mulch. evidence suggests they do not and you’d be There are many types of mulch on the market, including buckwheat hulls, hard pressed to find a termite infestation that cocoa hulls, pine chips, pine needles, shredded hardwood, shredded cedar, and began in tree mulch. Even carpenter ants prefer hardwood chips. In almost all cases, mulches are a byproduct, so using them is large pieces of decayed wood, not mulch chips. a form of environmental recycling. The cost of different types of mulch varies Some gardeners think wood chips are ugly widely, as does availability. Wood chips are often one of the cheapest and may as they fade and too coarse to go unnoticed. If be available for free when arborists chip up a tree or tree limb. One benefit of you do not find wood chips attractive enough, wood chips over other mulches is they do not mat or compact and, while they you can always top dress with one of the more keep the soil moist, they tend not to stay soaked. refined mulch types such as shredded cedar. There are many myths about wood chip mulch that discourage its use. For mulch to work properly it needs to be Garden writers, with no scientific proof, attribute a host of negative traits to installed properly. As for depth, 4 to 6 inches them. Some say they acidify soil. It has not been found that any significant is appropriate for ornamental landscapes and 8 acidification of soil is associated with wood chip mulch. In addition, they are to 12 inches for restoration sites or woodland not a fire hazard. In fact, fine mulches like shredded bark or hulls are a greater paths. The “architecture” of your mulch ring is hazard than coarser chips and then only when used in very dry parts of the important. Never pile mulch against the trunk. country. Yes, there are woods that should not be used as mulch because they This horticultural faux pas is often called produce compounds that kill seedlings of other species (a process called volcano mulching. The bacteria and insects allelopathy). However, established plants are not affected, so allelopathy is that break down the wood chips produce heat, only an issue if you plan to seed in or near the mulch. That being said, the list maintain moisture, and attack the wood — all of tree species producing allelopathic compounds is not very long, with walnut unfriendly toward the bark on the trunk. (Juglans spp.) the most well known offender. Why chip walnut anyway, when Instead, there should be very little mulch you can have an artisan or carpenter turn it into something beautiful? touching the tree base. Mulch should taper Another concern about chips is the health of the tree that was chipped. Even upward as you move away from the tree, if a tree is diseased, there have been no reported cases where chips transmited creating a slight convex bowl to catch water anything via the soil surface to the mulched tree. Chips should not be and redirect it toward the trunk. How far you incorporated into the soil, but mulching is a surface treatment so it is safe to extend the mulch ring away from the tree is use with any chipped tree. If you see fungus growing in your mulch, it is just a debatable but I’ve never met a tree that did not harmless fungus that is breaking down the mulch. This natural process do better with a very wide mulch circle. releases nutrients from the chips and gives them to the tree. Extending the mulch to the tree’s drip line is Some people claim that nitrogen deficiencies can occur when chips are used not a bad idea. since the microbes that break down the chips use nitrogen from the soil to While it is good to renew mulch in the make their protein. While this is a proven problem when mulching annual spring, make sure you only add enough to beds, it is not so replace the amount

with deep-rooted that has decomposed, trees. In addition, and that you avoid the application of slowly building up a fertilizer or mulch mountain that compost can will hurt the tree. easily counteract Trees have a tough this. We often enough time in the hurt our trees landscape. Using more by raking inexpensive wood away leaves each chip mulch isn’t just year, preventing sustainable, it’s tree the leaves from Improper volcano mulching (left) and a properly mulched tree (right) friendly.

Botanic Garden News Page 6 6 Fall 2008 Each Person Can Make a Difference Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can Pamela Dods AC ’08 change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. Margaret Mead

T hroughout the school year Smith Campus School teacher Maggie Bittel and her students talked about how one person can make a difference. The children were encouraged to take action if they saw something that concerns them or that seems wrong. In May, that lesson became real for the second grade Group K class. Last fall, second grader Anna Kerwood noticed that people had carved names, initials, and other symbols into the bark of the weeping beech, Fagus sylvatica ‘Pendula,’ growing next to Hopkins House. She decided to take the initiative to do something about it. With the help of her babysitter, Ellen Fitzgerald ’09, Anna wrote to the Botanic Garden and to President Carol Christ not only expressing her concerns for the tree, but also offering a potential solution to the problem. Acting on the suggestion, the Botanic Garden created a sign asking people to refrain from carving or climbing on the tree. On Thursday May 8, the second grade class trekked across campus to attend an official sign “unveiling” ceremony at the weeping beech. With a little help from Chief Arborist John Berryhill, Anna installed the sign. When John explained how a tree heals itself when its bark has been cut into, the children spontaneously encircled the tree and felt the old wounds carved there. The Botanic Garden is delighted that from an early age students are learning to care about and protect our trees. We especially thank Anna Kerwood for doing something to raise awareness about the detrimental Anna, carrying the sign effects of carving and climbing on trees. All photographs by Pamela Dods AC ’08 Dods AC Pamela by All photographs

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The Eden Project Heligan Gardens Meaghan Hall ’09 Christina Dragon ’09 W hile interning at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew this summer, I n the windswept softly rolling Christina Dragon and I were afforded hills of southern Cornwall lies the ample opportunities to explore the Gardens of Heligan. In a cultural richness of England. A breathtaking contrast to the mystical highlight of our eleven-week stay was attractions of the usual lords and our trip to Cornwall, in the southwest ladies of history (the Castle Tintagel, corner of the United Kingdom. Here, where King Arthur was allegedly we visited the Eden Project, a unique born, is on the northern coast of facility that educates the general Cornwall), the Heligan gardens have public about environmental issues been restored from the view of those while simultaneously raising funds for who worked in the gardens. Heligan similarly aimed global programs. was the family seat of the Tremaynes Although I had heard of and was for over 400 years. However, it is Meaghan Hall ’09 and Christina Dragon ’09 at the Eden interested in visiting the Eden now riddled with mystery and the Project, I did not think it would be part of my agenda this summer. A search for the hidden secrets within the wonderful turn of events happened when Christina and I met Mrs. Marcia gardens. The property was thriving prior to the Brocklebank (Smith class of 1959) and her daughter Diana, who contribute to outbreak of the Great War in 1914, when it is the Kew internship fund. They were adamant that we see this remarkable presumed all the garden staff were called off to landmark, and their generous support made our trip possible. war. Without all the hands that had tended and A visitor’s first view of the Eden Project is bound to be awe inspiring. The maintained the gardens and grounds of the Project is nestled within an exhausted china clay pit. Since its official opening manor, the property fell into ruin. in 2000, the Eden Project has worked at developing two massive biodomes. Heligan Gardens as we know it now has They are the largest conservatories in the world. Each of the biodomes been on its contemporary path, cared for and simulates a different environment. The first and larger of the two is the continually growing, for a little over two Tropical Biome. Stepping into this world, you first notice the drastic increase decades. There are ongoing restoration projects in humidity. There are numerous interesting plants waiting to be discovered. as well as new additions, not just in plants but For many visitors, this may the first time that they have seen the actual plants also in the form of some quite impressive that provide us with many materials we use in our daily lives. For example, sculptures, of either clay or wire, that were bananas, sugar cane, and bamboo could all be found growing in the Tropical introduced to the freely growing groves and ivy Biome. Similarly, the Mediterranean Biome features economically important dales. They eventually become overgrown with plants native to more arid climates. I loved that the Mediterranean Biome was plant life, thus making them living sculptures. a treat for the senses. There were brilliantly colored lilies to see, pungent From a horticultural point of view, the estate lavender and rosemary to smell. Citrons, artichokes, grapes, and olives show was incredible prior to the Great War, and still visitors the exotic plants that are the source of well-known products. Nature- remains so today, especially because of the inspired art, such as a horse made of driftwood, is intertwined into the variety in flora. One area named “The Jungle” landscape to further emphasize the cultural significance of plants. is carved into a small valley that provides an One of my favorite parts of the Eden Project was an education center called elevated temperature for growing tropical the Core. There were many interactive exhibits to educate people about the (Continued on page 8) roles plants play in our daily lives. At the center of the room was a gigantic contraption that mechanically cracked nuts and seeds in the most convoluted but captivating way. Christina and I watched as children turned the lever, setting off lots of gears and pulleys and the accompanying cacophony. Much of what goes on at the Eden Project is behind the scenes. For example, upon further research I learned that nearly half of the site’s water needs are met by harvesting rainwater and utilizing a gray water recycling scheme. There is so much more than meets the eye! I had a wonderful time exploring the Eden Project. The individuals involved are devoted to the same ideals that brought me to do research at Kew in the first place: a commitment to sustainability, conservation, and education about nature. Consequently, I left feeling hopeful about our planet’s future. The Eden Project’s message is an optimistic one: Humans and plants have interacted for thousands of years, and we can continue to maintain a healthy relationship into the future if we strive to understand the world around us. Heligan Gardens

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Heligan Tree Woes (Continued from page 7) (Continued from page 4) plants in what is otherwise a temperate builds up and spreads. More information about these beetles can be found at: climate, characteristic of the rest of www.massnrc.org/pests/alb. Cornwall. This area was developed during Obviously, we are not removing trees without replacing any. Since 2000, the thriving period of the estate, but since it we have planted 243 new trees on campus. I often wish there were a magic has been revitalized, it now includes dial I could spin to age them more quickly, since no newly planted tree has thermometers that show the precise the impact of a majestic old giant. Let’s hope that fifty years from now our temperature variations at different points. diverse plantings stand up better than the sugar maple and American elm Another segment of the garden displays dominated plantings of the past. huge cellars that provide chambers for forcing plants to maturation out of season, If you would like to help with tree care, see our tree adoption program accomplished by filling the pits with animal on our website: www.smith.edu/garden/Giving/adopt-a-tree.html. manure to warm the environment. The gardens are incredible and provide a References full day of walking and exploring, with Bailey, SW, Horsley, SB, Long, RP, Hallett, RA (2004). Influence of edaphic factors on sugar maple nutrition and health on the Allegheny Plateau. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:243-252. many animals and birds roaming peacefully. Horsley, SB, Long, RP, Bailey, SW, Hallett, RA, Wargo, PM (2002). Health of North I was very lucky to be able to visit American sugar maple forests and factors affecting decline. Northern J. Appl. Forestry Cornwall, on a trip to see the Eden Project 19:34-44. and the Lost Gardens of Heligan, while on Houle, D, Tremblay S, Ouimet, R (2007). Foliar and wood chemistry of sugar maple along a gradient of soil acidity and stand health. Plant Soil 300:173-183. the Kew Internship in London. My very Juice SM, Fahey, TJ, Siccama, TG, Driscoll, CT, Denny, EG, Eagar, C, Cleavitt, NL, sincere thanks go to Mrs. Brocklebank and Minocha, R, Richardson, AD (2006). Response of sugar maple to calcium addition to Mrs. Brocklebank Scott who funded the northern hardwood forests. Ecology 87:1267-1280. trip. It was a truly wonderful botanical Mader, DL, Thompson, BW (1969). Foliar and soil nutrients in relation to sugar maple decline. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:794-800. experience! Mum Show (Continued from page 1) Japanese kimonos and obis (broad sashes worn with kimonos), and bamboo into the Conservatory and Exhibition Gallery displays. Chrysanthemum prints created by Smith College art students were also on display in the Church Exhibition Gallery, along with the Chrysanthemum Hall of Fame, showcasing students and their mum hybrids of the past Obi with chrysanthemum motif century. Events included a lecture on the cultural history of tea, by Mary Lou and Robert Heiss, complete with a tea tasting. The Heisses created a special herbal tea blend, including chrysanthemums of course, for the Chrysanthemum Show. A traditional was performed by Maki Hubbard, a professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Literature, with assistance from Sazanami, the student Japanese Cultural Organization. Additionally, Nancy Moore Bess, an internationally acclaimed basketmaker, demonstrated the creation of Japanese-style bamboo baskets for tea

College Archives College Archives and displayed her collection of Japanese baskets. Looking through old photos, I found one from the 1963 show created by Bill Campbell. It featured a doll dressed in a “kimono” of mums. The show has certainly evolved over time, and our staff today is doing quite a good job of keeping up the tradition!

Courtesy of the Smith Courtesy 1963 Chrysanthemum Show, Photograph by William Campbell

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 9 The Botanic Garden of Hamburg University C. John Burk and Kai Jensen neue Botanische Garten der Universität Hamburg D has been described as a modern creation designed to reflect the John Burk has used the Smith College Botanic Garden in his Renaissance concept of the botanic garden as a “whole world in a teaching and research since 1961. Kai Jensen was an undergraduate chamber.” Work at the site, sixty acres sloping down toward the student at the Botanical Institute at Klein Flottbek, completed his graduate work at Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, and Elbe River in the suburb of Klein Flottbek, was begun in returned to Hamburg University as a member of the Biology Faculty November 1970. The garden and Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, a in 2004. He was an exchange faculty member in Biological Sciences science complex with extensive greenhouse facilities, replaced a at Smith College in September 2005 and summer and fall of 2006. much older garden and Botanical Institute, vestiges of which John and Kai are working together on several projects related to their joint interests in botany, landscape studies, and environmental issues. survive in the city south of the university. During June of 2008, we spent several afternoons revisiting and exploring the garden, taking notes on the layout and current plantings. undergraduate at the Most garden visitors enter north of Klein Flottbek’s university in the 1980s, train station, passing Adam plündert das Paradies the central core was (1980), an oversized human figure by artist Waldemar frequently used in Otto. Almost directly ahead is a display of Nutzpflanzen teaching courses in plant (A), “useful plants” (or economic plants), in beds that systematics, and as a illustrate, among other topics, the origins of major crop student assistant he was plants, including wheat and the variants of Brassica often sent there to collect oleracea: broccoli, cauliflower, cabbages, kale, and materials for class use. kohlrabi (see photo on next page). In mid-June, a bed of Unfortunately, for flax, Linum usitatissimum, the source of linen and linseed several reasons, oil, with its sky blue flowers, was particularly attractive. including the expense of Beyond the Nutzpflanzen lie the Giftpflanzen (B), maintaining the design “poisonous plants.” Earlier in the month, a giant and frequently changing hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, stood 10 feet concepts of flowering high, its great umbels of white flowers striking against a plant evolution, the beds background of yews and junipers — contact with this are now grassed and the plant can result in extreme photosensitivity, leading to central core is vacant. painful rashes and deep blistering. Foxgloves (Digitalis) To complete the and lupines were also in bloom, along with the deadly original grand design, a nightshade, Atropa belladonna. series of natural habitats To the north, a newly constructed desert garden (C) from different continents includes New and Old World xerophytes, plants adapted and biogeographic to dry sites — yuccas, cacti, agaves, and euphorbias, as well as species from realms was envisioned. These largely Saharan oases. Beyond this, in an informal and lushly planted rose garden (D), encircle the core and extend to the heirloom varieties flower on pillars and arches, densely underplanted with lamb’s periphery of the site itself. As plant ears, lavender, and catnip. ecologists, we find these to be the garden’s A pond separates the lower sections of the garden from the broader upper most interesting and important feature. At portions. This central core (E), the “heart” of the garden, originally was laid out least fifteen have been completed, drawn in an evolutionary sequence proposed by the Russian botanist Armen Takhtajan, from the floras of South America, North with intricately America, Asia, and Europe. South America, branched pathways for example, is represented by stands of connecting beds of southern beech, Nothofagus, and monkey related plant families puzzle, Araucaria araucana, underplanted from the most primitive with Gunnera, with its giant rhubarb-like to the most advanced. leaves and the diminutive fern, Blechnum Access to the core penna-marina. A nearby cypress swamp involves crossing can be explored from a boardwalk overhung wooden bridges with Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides. between islands with Bald cypress, Taxodium distichum, despite specimens of Ginkgo, its origins in southeastern North America, Araucaria, and thrives in the climate of Hamburg, but the members of the pine Spanish moss is wintered in greenhouses at and cypress families. Klein Flottbek. Below the cypresses are Islands with conifers, (Continued on page 10) When Kai was an Photographs by John Burk

Botanic Garden News Page 10 Fall 2008 Hamburg Garden (Continued from page 9) western skunk cabbage, Lysichiton, and a variety of aquatics, while on the adjacent slope are thriving pin oaks, sweet gums, and other trees of eastern North American wetlands. An open stand of North American prairie A bed with variants of was interspersed in mid-June with flowering Brassica oleracea — California poppies, echinaceas, pentstemons, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, and coreopsis, and sundrops (Oenothera spp.) kohlrabi — in the dislay among yuccas and various grasses. Beyond of useful plants these on a hillock are western conifers, large and well-developed specimens of the big proved in many ways more difficult than recreating such exotic habitats as the tree, Sequoiadendron giganteum, along with cypress swamp and the stand of big trees. For the alpine garden (G), calcareous western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), sinter, a rock of relatively recent origin that developed some 100,000 years ago lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and western from sediments deposited in freshwater lakes, was brought in from southeastern red cedar (Thuja plicata). The adjacent patch Germany. This was planted with plants typical of the Alps and other of eastern deciduous forest still lacks a mountainous regions and is now accessible via narrow and looping trails. Dwarf mature overstory; nonetheless, below Swiss stone pines, Pinus cembra, represent a tree line below a belt of alpine scattered white pines and yellow birches one grasslands with species like frostweed (Helianthemum nummularium), blue finds familiar plants of New England moor grass (Sesleria varia), and edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum) with large woodlands: mountain laurel, Christmas fern, white and hairy bracts surrounding small flower heads packed with tiny flowers. bloodroot, and wild ginger. To the west of the alpine garden, a stretch of Eurasian continental steppe (H) In the northernmost corner of the in mid-June was a sea of yellow, blue, purple, and red flowers, not unlike the property, a small boreal to arctic nearby stand of North American prairie: annual and perennial herbs such as environment (F) has been assembled with cream pincushion flower (Scabiosa ochroleuca) [now established in Berkshire jack pine, Pinus banksiana, and black County, Massachusetts], European wand loosestrife (Lythrum virgatum), sea spruce, Picea mariana, forming a sparse tree holly (Eryngium caeruleum), and various Centaurea species. In contrast, the layer above mountain avens (Dryas European coastal ecosystems (I) were more subdued, their recreated salt octopetala), Siberian springbeauty (Montia marshes, dunes, heath, and peatlands dominated by grasses and heathers with sibirica), and dwarf birch (Betula nana) in inconspicuous flowers seen only by the careful observer. The salt marsh has the understory. proved especially difficult to maintain and occupies only some hundred square Unlike the North and South American meters. Nonetheless, many typical halophytes [salt tolerant species] such as plantings, which strive for a natural effect, glasswort (Salicornia europaea), seaside plantain (Plantago maritima), and the two major Asian sections are carefully Puccinellia maritima, a dominant grass species of many European salt marshes, designed and structured landscapes. The now flourish there. A small sand dune complex has been created and stabilized entrance to the , hidden by European beachgrass, Ammophila arenaria, and beach wild rye, Elymus away behind densely clipped hedges, lies arenarius. The dunes are fringed by sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides, between two large . A pool occupies with its bright orange berries and its silvery gleaming leaves; in addition, only much of the central chamber, the purple flowers of the surrounded by azaleas. The Chinese legume Ononis spinosa garden, by way of contrast, is lend color to the presented as a landscape easily otherwise grayish dune. viewed and admired from the main The small and species- path. Across a shallow pool a flat poor heath supports in its expanse of damp soil hosts the dryer parts Scots heather, candelabra primrose, Primula Calluna vulgaris, and beesiana, in shades of orange and common juniper, yellow. Behind this, a vegetated Juniperus communis, and slope rises to a pavilion below a red in its lower-lying wetter pagoda roof. Framing the picture areas bog heather, Erica are ginkgos, stands of bamboo, and tetralix, and the yellow a small grove of dawn redwood, flowering bog asphodel, Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Narthecium ossifragum. Paradoxically, establishing native The close-by peatland European plant communities has The Chinese garden viewed across a pond and a bed of candelabra primroses (Continued on page 12)

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 11 Titan Arum Inspires Dancers Madelaine Zadik A fter three years, our titan arum, Amorphophallus titanum, bloomed once “We called ourselves the Mighty Titans. again. The first flowering in Massachusetts of this rare and remarkable plant took We dance for fertility and that thing sure place in August 2005 in the Lyman Conservatory. We projected that it would be looks like it represents fertility to us.” another three to five years before this particular plant would flower again. It was The dancers made special costumes right on target, flowering in July 2008! for the occasion, featuring an appliqué Its strong malodorous emission has been said to resemble rotting flesh, and the of the flower. Positioned outside the size and shape of its bloom are also quite unusual. The Botanic Garden aimed its door to the Palm House, where the titan web camera on the plant so it could be viewed (if not smelled) from afar. We were arum was flowering, they literally thrust into the limelight by the local media, and our webcam got so many hits that danced up a storm (a thunderstorm was our computer network slowed to a crawl! People came from far and wide to sniff passing through) to honor the titan arum. the notorious titan. It inspired a variety of responses from our visitors, including a Luckily the window safely protected complaint that it didn’t smell as bad as anticipated. them from the stench. The last time the titan arum bloomed we received poetry in the mail (see the Fall 2005 newsletter, p. 10), and this time a local group of dancers hailed the opening flower with a celebratory dance. Janice Mason, Neilson Library administrative assistant and a member of the Wake Robin Morris

dance troupe, explained, Photographs Alan by McArdle Wake Robin Morris dancers celebrating outside the Palm House, as the titan arum stinkily bloomed inside. Peabody and Pamela Dods and Pamela Peabody

July 3

May 22 July 14 July 18 Photographs by Sheri Lyn Sheri Lyn Photographs by

Conservatory Manager Rob Nicholson holds the 50+ pound corm before potting it up in a bigger container for display. Once it looked like it was going to bloom this year, Rob, together with Steve Sojkowski and Nate Saxe moved it to the Palm House. By mid-July, the giant bloom started opening. Some photos show a yardstick, giving a sense of scale. A complete slideshow of the bloom is online at: www.smith.edu/garden/Conservatory/ amorphophallus2008.html July 21 July 28

Botanic Garden News Page 12 Fall 2008

Hamburg What Plant Is That? (Continued from page 10) Photographs by can be detected by the fragrance of sweet gale, Myrica gale, a shrub that with marsh Tracy Murphy ’09 tea, Ledum palustre, and royal fern, Osmunda regalis, fringes a small peaty depression of Sphagnum cushions, the A da Comstock Scholar Tracy carnivorous sundew, Drosera intermedia, Murphy is majoring in art with a and tussock cottongrass, Eriophorum minor in landscape studies. During vaginatum. her summer 2008 internship at the Without human impact, much of Botanic Garden, funded by the temperate Europe would be covered by Friends of the Botanic Garden, she deciduous forests (J) dominated by 1 contributed almost 1,400 images to European beech, Fagus sylvatica. This, the Botanic Garden’s ongoing effort along with European hornbeam (Carpinus to document the entire collection in betula), European oak (Quercus robur), an online image database (see black alder (Alnus glutinosa), and white smith.edu/garden/plant-images). birch (Betula pubescens), has been This resource houses images of the planted in the hilly terrain in the collection, depicting the habit, flower, northwestern part of the garden, but the leaf, inflorescence, fruit, bark, and trees are still juvenile and a typical forest seed of each specimen as appropriate, aspect has not yet developed. In middle and is projected to grow to in excess Europe, most naturally occurring forests of 44,000 images. The project is are today replaced by agricultural fields being spearheaded by Polly Ryan- or grassland. Several habitats in this 2 Lane, Special Projects Coordinator. cultural landscape are quite species rich While photographing the plants, and are now focal points for European Tracy started looking at them close up nature conservation. One of these, a in Lyman Conservatory and was species-rich grassland, is found in the drawn into the beauty of their patterns botanic garden immediately east of the and forms. These artful photos are beech forest. Here, the beauty of diversity some of the results. See if you is visible only for well-trained observers recognize any of the plants. since many of the characteristic species are grasses (as many as 15 different species in a square meter!), small- growing herbs, and legumes. Succession to forest here is suppressed by mowing twice each summer. As its name suggests, Der neue Botanische Garten der Universität Hamburg is relatively new; few of its components have reached their full maturity, and several important sections, 3 4 including an old German farm garden, an

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especially European natural and cultural Answers landscapes at the end of the twentieth century. Some of its broader intentions have not yet been fully realized; some incident, and on the last day of June, we found it at its early summer peak, have been abandoned or rethought. yielding an overwhelming sense of color, botanical diversity, and luxuriant Nonetheless, the place is crammed with growth. These alone would justify a visit.

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 13

tracking of populations and cultivars. Covering New Ground Accessioning is the creation of an Gaby Immerman immediate and permanent record, t is a challenge to keep a 125-acre campus looking pristine and manicured, assigning an accession number for plants andI the Botanic Garden is constantly strategizing about how to accomplish this that are to become a permanent part of the with its modest staff. Some solutions are radical, such as the long-overdue removal collection. When asked to explain the of some 250 shrubs that blocked architecturally-elegant building features and decision to begin accessioning increased maintenance while contributing nothing to the diversity or beauty of the groundcovers, Collections Manager Elaine collection. Other solutions are more subtle, including the judicious use of Chittenden responded, “Why didn’t we preemergent herbicides and generous applications of mulch. accession groundcovers?” According to The Botanic Garden’s most horticulturally and aesthetically successful strategy the Botanic Garden’s collections policy, to reduce maintenance has been the large-scale installation of groundcovers. all permanent plants are to be accessioned, Technically, groundcovers are any horticultural material used to cover soil and but record keeping on groundcovers up to reduce maintenance, including not just plants but wood chips, turf, even concrete. this point had been haphazard at best. To But living perennial groundcovers confer many remedy this, summer interns benefits to the landscape and their larger plant Corey Eilhardt ’10 in 2007 and neighbors. Beyond their beauty, variety, and Emily Hale-Sills ’11 in 2008 texture, living groundcovers discourage foot and worked on locating, vehicular traffic, enhance soil fertility, reduce identifying, and where possible compaction, and break up the soil surface, which reconstructing the origins of increases air and water circulation. Groundcovers existing groundcovers. This also decrease lawn area, saving fuel and fertilizer, laborious process included reducing pollution. Thus, they are a more jogging the memory of Botanic sustainable landscape element. Garden staff members, digging In the last three years, the Botanic Garden has out old invoices (for which a initiated a major push to reduce weeds and useless debt of gratitude must be paid lawn areas and increase the beauty of the campus to Sheri Lyn Peabody, the by installing literally tens of thousands of perennial Botanic Garden’s unfailingly groundcovers in areas formerly held by mulch or capable administrative struggling turfgrass. This effort has received an coordinator), and, when enormous boost from, and indeed would not have necessary, consulting experts to been possible without, our summer internship assist with species or cultivar program. When it comes to installing hundreds identification. (sometimes thousands) of small plants, ten interns The statistics are impressive. can accomplish in a couple of hours what would In the summer of 2008 alone, take a staff gardener a whole week. interns installed 6,713 We started using these “green mulches” on a Liriope at the Campus Center individual groundcover plants small scale in 2006, with an experimental planting of several stands of hostas. or plugs, covering almost 6,000 square Cultivars such as ‘Bridegroom’ (Alumnae Gym), ‘Red October’ (Mary Maples feet. These plantings comprised 36 Dunn Hillside Garden), and ‘Gold Standard’ (Neilson Library) did such an different cultivars. Genera included outstanding job of shading out weeds and beautifying the planting sites that plans Epimedium, Hosta, Geranium, were launched to step up the effort in 2007. Intern Corey Eilhardt ’09 mapped all Hemerocallis, Pachysandra, and Liriope. existing groundcover stands on campus (mostly unaccessioned) and identified The “groundcovering” of the Smith high-priority sites for future plantings. Director Michael Marcotrigiano scoured the campus has already had a profound effect catalogs of local wholesale suppliers and mail-order companies for large quantities on the overall aesthetic of the landscape, of suitable groundcovers. By the time the 2007 summer interns arrived, the system and it should begin to pay dividends in was in full swing. ‘Green Sheen’ Pachysandra terminalis, Geranium terms of labor and maintenance costs. macrorrhizum ‘Bevan’s Variety,’ and numerous new Hosta cultivars (including Currently Smith spends thousands of ‘Rusty Bee,’ ‘Royal Standard,’ and ‘Red October’) were planted in scores. We dollars per year for contractors to apply also found that, at least with hostas, virtually no weeding was required by the mulch in the spring. Within the next second year. A remarkably low initial investment of labor and money resulted in a couple of years, we will be able to reduce dramatic reduction in maintenance needs. The revolution had begun. this cost by providing a map of areas that The significant increase in the use of groundcovers on campus occasioned a will no longer need mulching due to the reevaluation of their treatment from a collections management standpoint. The presence of established groundcovers. diversity of groundcover species provides an opportunity to educate the public Be sure to keep your eyes on the about their cultural needs and aesthetic attributes, prompting a need for accurate ground as you traverse the Smith campus; labeling. There was also an interest in propagating groundcovers in-house, all of everywhere you turn, you are sure to see which necessitated accurate identification and location data to enable proper evidence of this quiet revolution.

Botanic Garden News Page 14 Fall 2008

Hey, Las Vegas — Lose the Lawn Sarah Barr ’10

This article was a paper written in spring 2008 for Landscape Studies 100, in response to two talks. Michael Marcotrigiano, Director, Smith College Botanic Garden, addressed Turf Wars: The Great American Lawn, and Anne Whiston Spirn, Professor of Landscape Architecture and Planning, MIT, spoke on Daring to Look: Dorothea Lange’s Photographs and Reports from the Field.

“W hose idea of sanity is it to pump fresh water from ancient aquifers so we can make the desert look like a rain forest? And suggestion, especially if most of the water would be going to unnecessary and why do we nurture our lawns with water and non-environmentally friendly turf. He had much to say about lawns, from the fertilizers so we can attack it with an arsenal harmful effects of pesticides to the oil it takes to produce the pesticides. of lawn tractors, weed whackers, bazookas In my lovely suburb, Providence Plantation in Charlotte, North Carolina (yes, and mortars?”1 Stephen Morris asks this plantation, but that’s a separate issue), our neighbors are very upset. The region question in his article “Lose Your Lawn,” has been in an extreme drought for a long time. In August of 2007, all outdoor and speakers Michael Marcotrigiano and watering, aside from hand- and hose-watering of plants, was banned. At that Anne Whiston Spirn each addressed one point, Mecklenburg County was at the worst possible level of drought, and people aspect of this question. While Marcotrigiano were still offended by the restrictions. My next-door neighbor refused to adhere discussed the American obsession with to the ban, not wanting his lawn to brown. Now, it’s springtime (practically lawns that leads to misuse of water, Spirn summer there) and people have been complaining about their lack of green lawns, provided photographs and anecdotes such that the government lifted the ban at the beginning of April. This is evidence documenting the water wars of the West. of the obsession Marcotrigiano described. CNN reports that the average single- One aspect of Spirn’s lecture focused on family home uses 25,000 gallons of water each year on the lawn.3 Marcotrigiano the way farms and the surrounding explained that this large amount of water was necessary because turfgrasses are landscape have changed since Dorothea not native to the United States. Aware of the problem, some landscape architects Lange photographed them in the late 1930s. are encouraging people to let their lawn “go natural.”4 One firm in Ohio, Urban Many of the farms she investigated were Thickets, is a self-proclaimed “lawn-reduction company.”5 Another group of “stump farms” [on previously forested land, landscape architects have initiated a project called Edible Estates (cleverly called now covered with tree stumps] that were “Eat Your Lawn” by Sierra), which transforms typical front lawns into essentially destined to fail. It is no surprise productive edible landscapes of vegetables, herbs, and fruit trees. 6 that they lasted no more than one or two Knowing all this, I think the next step should be for the government to mandate generations. However, Spirn pointed out that and enforce watering restrictions and encourage people to abandon turf lawns. farms that had been part of families for James E. Deacon, a professor of Environmental Studies and Biological Sciences generations were also being abandoned. A at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and colleagues from Oregon published main cause for this exodus from agriculture an article in 2007 suggesting that the consequences of continued misallocation of is that owners of Northwestern farmland water in the Southwest “will adversely affect … thousands of rural domestic and actually make more money redirecting water agricultural water users in the region.” 7 If everyone took their cue from landscape to southern cities than they could growing architects like Urban Thickets and campaigns for turf-free front yards, we could food. The world is facing a food crisis, and reduce our water use dramatically. The agricultural landscapes in Dorothea farmers are selling water instead of using the Lange’s photographs were not exactly abundant or plentiful, but there is land agriculturally. Spirn touched on the absolutely no reason that these lands should remain dry, barren, and unused while high demand for water, citing Las Vegas as desert cities like Las Vegas waste water by maintaining unnecessary lawns, golf a major water consumer. In fact, Las Vegas courses, and Venice-inspired canals. consumed at least 125,000 gallons of water per capita annually in the early 1990s. That 1. Morris, S. “Lose Your Lawn.” Mother Earth News. Dec 2001/Jan 2002, pp.28–9. number is probably even higher now, 2. Spencer, L. “Water: The West’s Most Misallocated Resource.” Forbes. 149(9), making its water consumption the highest of 27 April 1992, pp. 68–74. 3. “Adding Up Gallons So You Can Save.” CNN.com all western cities. And, to make matters http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/04/02/save.water/ worse, about 60% goes to nonessential uses, 4. Wilson, C. “Stow the Mower. Going ‘Native’ Isn’t Cheap, But It Can Set You Free.” 2 such as lawns, fountains, and golf courses. USA Today. 12 April 2002, p. 01d. Marcotrigiano also talked about water 5. Ibid. consumption. He mentioned a proposal in 6. Hattam, J. and Cooper, A. “Eat Your Lawn.” Sierra. Sep/Oct 2006, p. 22. 7. Deacon, J., Williams, A., Williams, C., and Williams, J. “Fueling Population Growth Georgia to contest the border survey with in Las Vegas: How Large-Scale Groundwater Withdrawal Could Burn Regional Tennessee in order to gain access to Biodiversity.” Bioscience. 57(8), Sep 2007, p. 688-98. Tennessee River water, an outrageous

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 15 News in Brief Campus Tree Tour for Kids

Exhibit Survives S tudents from a seventh grade class at St. Mary’s School in Ware, Massachusetts, visited Hurricane Ike Smith College this September. They had been given the assignment of collecting leaves from thirty different O ur traveling exhibition, Plant species of deciduous trees. The parents arranged with Adaptation Up Close, was on tour this Botanic Garden staff to visit the campus arboretum on a Saturday. The tour, which brought the visitors around summer and in September was at the Museum of the Gulf Coast in Port the center of campus as well as into the Woodland Arthur, Texas, when Hurricane Ike Garden, was organized by the Botanic Garden’s curatorial intern, Meaghan Hall ’09. struck. The museum did sustain wind and water damage and the staff was About twelve students accompanied by parents and siblings came to campus, envelopes and labels in hand. The evacuated for twelve days. Fortunately, students were responsible for researching the trees’ common names, scientific the majority of their exhibitions, including ours, were not damaged, names, geographic distribution, and uses. The visitors were impressed by Smith’s collection and were able to get additional information from the recently installed although the situation did affect visitation! The museum was able to Woods of the World exhibit in the Lyman Plant House. reopen to the public on October 1, and St. Mary’s School expects that a visit to the Botanic Garden of Smith College will become an annual event. school groups were still able to see the exhibit. Editor’s note: The Botanic Garden offers guided tours of both the Lyman Conservatory and outdoor gardens. These tours are led by trained volunteers. More information is online at www.smith.edu/garden/Home/group_visits.pdf . Capen Bulb To schedule a tour, please contact us at least a month in advance: by phone at 413-585-2742 or email at [email protected]. Planting Volunteer Training U sually the fall Landscape Plants and Issues class plants the bulbs for the spring display at Capen Garden. Since that O nce a year the Botanic Garden recruits and trains new volunteers. class was not offered this fall, Campus Although volunteers might work on a variety of projects at the Botanic Garden, we School kindergarteners filled in. Gaby especially need people who are interested in leading school groups through the Immerman, lab instructor for the two greenhouses and gardens as well as staffing our reception area and exhibition gallery horticulture classes, recruited the students on weekends and holidays. Volunteers also develop thematic tours, provide and instructed them on how to plant bulbs. hospitality for events such as the opening of the Spring Bulb Show, and assist with Be sure to come and see the display of exhibitions and the international seed exchange. Please note that volunteers do not yellow, pink, and maroon next May. perform any hands-on horticultural work. Training sessions are held once a year. The next three day session will take place January 21, 22, and 23, 2009. This is followed by weekly training tours in February and monthly meetings on the third Wednesday morning of each month. These meetings offer the opportunity to continue to learn more about different areas of the Botanic Garden. Training includes a history of the Botanic Garden; tours of conservatories; some basic botany and horticulture; commercial, medicinal, and food plants of the Lyman Conservatory; and how to guide visitors and school groups. In exchange for the training, we expect volunteers to work at the Botanic Garden for at least one full year, including attending monthly meetings. Volunteer applications are available online at www.smith.edu/garden or by calling 413-585-2742. Photograph by Pamela Dods AC ’08 ’08 AC Dods Pamela by Photograph

Botanic Garden News Page 16 Fall 2008 The Botanic Garden of Smith College is grateful to our supporters who help make our work possible. We wish to express our sincerest thanks to the following contributors who have Donors given so generously in the last fiscal year, from July 1, 2007, through June 30, 2008.

Memorial Gifts Memorial Gifts Memorial Gifts Honorial Gifts continued continued In memory of Carol Brown ’11 In memory of In memory of Dr. Jacob K. Shaw In honor of the Class of 1943 Susannah Brown Roselle M. Hoffmaster ’98 MD Richard A. Parks Jean Hagen Smith Sheafe Satterthwaite continued In memory of In honor of the 20th Reunion of the In memory of Gretchen Voter Jean Hampton Shearer ’66 Class of 1988 Eleanor Tressler Brown ’47 Leah Walker Anna Hogan Laurel McCain Haarlow Maria V. Morray Daisy Wynn In memory of Jane A. Souther In honor of Maryjane Beach In memory of Alice & Bill Campbell Annette Zaytoun & Richard Sharon Souther Cathy Ann Longinotti Debora C. Brown Reynolds In memory of In honor of Dr. C. John Burk In memory of William Campbell Laura L. Zaytoun Elizabeth Spetnagel ’28 Marjorie Holland Jane Ross Moore From her friends Pamelia P. Tisza In honor of Betty B. Castillo In memory of Helene Cantarella In memory of In memory of Paulette L. Castillo Margaret Adams Groesbeck & Constance Crump Hume ’53 Doris V. Steenstrup ’42 In honor of Arthur Apostolou Rosemary O’Connell Offner & Paul V. Steenstrup Dorothy Hyman Hertz ’41 In memory of Lyn Judge Corbett ’74 Elliot Offner In memory of Nancy Ellis Barbara Judge In memory of Kate Mott Greene Stephenson ’33 In honor of Nancy Wood Rosamond Starin Hyman ’12 & Virginia Maddock O’Brien ’38 Dr. & Mrs. John Patrick Jordan In memory of Nancy Ellis Jane & John Stephenson Marjorie M. Holland Edith Donahoe Dinneen ’27 In memory of In memory of Virginia Tegel In honor of Edith N. Dinneen Georgiana Jackson 1907 Betty Tegel Elizabeth Pettit Kneller ’97 In memory of Helen Jones Duff ’18 Kate Bunker-Neto In memory of Lisa Jacobson Molly Duff Woehrlin In memory of Caroline Blanton Thayer ’29 In honor of Mary Helen Laprade In memory of Gertrude de Gallaix ’27 Helen M. (Wild) Jennings ’34 Helen Chapell Elizabeth Salzer Baroness Nathalie Ordioni Peter Jennings In memory of In honor of In memory of Carole Stein Geler ’55 Stephen & Linda Jennings Mary Mattison van Schaik ’31 Anna Zukel Middaugh ’39 Ann K. Collier In memory of Jeannie Silver Kirk ’63 Jacoba van Schaik John P. Middaugh In memory of Sylvia Goetzl ’71 & Barbara Balfour ’64 In memory of In honor of Dick Munson Renata Fisher Dale Claire Gibb Raye Ann Simon Weenick Judy Shindel Alberto Goetzl In memory of Myra Gold Wrubel In honor of Ugo Goetzl, MD Eunice Florence Lilly ’19 In memory of Miriam Camp Niederman ’48 & Laura Laibowitz Elvin M. Fowell Helen Peters Wilson ’14 Dr. James Niederman In memory of Martha Gray In memory of Lucy Wilson Benson Nancy Veale Ahern Florence Bryan Fowlkes Frances Larrabee Low ’50 In honor of Fentress Kerlin Park In memory of Dorothy L. Guth E. Hope Freeman Hudner Ann Hill Hagenstein ’56 In memory of LaBeryl Martin Cary MacRae McDaniel ’69 Perry R. Hagenstein Shirley Mah Kooyman Internship Fund Marcia Schofield ’65 In memory of Sally P. Hailand ’56 In memory of Elizabeth McBeath ’82 Catherine J. Wiss Conservatory Julie M. Schroeder Brian Nelson Maintenance Fund In memory of In memory of Bob & Barbara Wolfe Marion Post Hidden ’19 Alice Houston McWhinney ’16 Marcia Schofield Molly Hidden Madeline M. Dale Mary Mattison van In memory of In memory of Schaik ’31 Fund Roselle M. Hoffmaster ’98 MD Susan Taylor Menges ’64 Jacoba van Schaik Jennifer Bayer Valerie Lafleur Jennifer Bleiker In memory of Anthony J. Michalak John Drew Elizabeth G. DeCarolis Gayle E. Maloney Garden Joanne Esse In memory of Internship Fund Amie Grills Constance Morrow Morgan ’35 & Family of Gayle E. Maloney Kate Hirsch Elizabeth Cutter Morrow ’96 James & Kathleen Hoffmaster Elisabeth Pendleton Jean Kahler & Jessica Rowe In memory of Ruth Mortimer ’53 Muriel Kohn Pokross ’34 Fellowship in Botanical Carolee Klimchock Daria D'Arienzo & John Lancaster & Horticultural Studies Heather Lenox In memory of Merrilyn J. Lewis Virginia Maddock O'Brien ’38 Marcia Early Brocklebank Joan Smith McClure Saniya O’Brien Joan P. Curhan Erin McGee In memory of Gladys Palmer Muriel K. Pokross Amy S. Moulton Roselle Taylor Robert M. & Shirley Stein Sacha Pealer In memory of Raymer Sara Pic Ann Scroggie Robinson ’22 Elizabeth Roberts Mrs. Jack B. Joyce Lyman Conservatory Anne S. Rose In memory of Kerry Santry ’76 Maintenance Funds Alison Share Maureen Mackey Edith K. Templin Laura Stern In memory of Ellen Marsh Schleicher Sarah S. Boasberg Gretchen Vierstra Katherine H. Udall

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 17 Many thanks to the many anonymous donors and all Donors (continued) those who placed their contributions in the donations box. Foundation, Corporate, and Organization Donors Matching Gifts BF Foundation Bank of America Foundation Blithewold, Inc. The Boeing Company C.L. Frank and Company Commonwealth Fund Community Found. of Louisville Dep. Ernst and Young Foundation Ellington Women's Club — Tussie Mussies GE Foundation Hawksglen Foundation Pearson-Penguin Group USA, Inc. Highland Valley Elder Services, Inc. Thomson North American Legal International Travel Professionals Keough Fund Peterborough Retirement Community Smith College Clubs Nancy and Paul Ross Foundation, Inc. and Classes Triple T Foundation Smith Club of Belmont

Members of the Friends of the Botanic Garden

Grand Supporters Contributors Deanna Bates Alex & Barbara Abela Martha Gray Helen Bryan Smith Sarah S. Boasberg Paul Alpers Suzanne Greenidge-Hewitt Barbara Palmer Stern Marcia Early Brocklebank Mary Barrett Anders Mary Anne Guitar Rebecca Atkinson Stirn Alison Corning Jones Adrienne Auerswald Anne Haley Lucille Anderson Streeter Jane Keough Carolyn G. Bartholomew Marianne Smith Helms Martha Subber Elisabeth Mason Beverly Beresford Mary S. Hinds John & Susan Grimes- Catha Grace Rambusch Nancy Black, M.D. Alma I. Hix Sweetland Virginia S. Risley-deCourcy Sarah M. Bolster Marjorie M. Holland Paula Swetland Marcia Schofield Barbara V. Braatz Wendy Irwin Mara Connolly Taft Jean R. Bradley Catherine Johnson Audrey Tanner Patrons Kathrin Brown Julie Jones Joan Thompson Mr. & Mrs. H. Hewett Brown Lale & John Burk Wendy Kaplan Lucy Keith Tittmann Priscilla B. Hansen Abigail Campbell-King Robin Roy Katz Shavaun R. Towers William B. Hurd, Jr. Caroline S. Carbaugh Belinda Keyser Kaye Marta van Dam Lisa Novick Jane H. Carroll Carolyn G. Kirkpatrick Janet Wallstein Mr. & Mrs. Samuel Scovil Kate Allard-Madaus Chartener Lucy D. Lardner Kalle Weeks Carol Christ Elissa Lichtenstein Janice P. Weiner Helen L. Clark Susan Badian Lindenauer Benefactors Karen A. Wendell Mary E. Clemesha Rosamond H. Lownes Carol J. Whitbeck Robin A. Rinaca & Nicholas J. Covatta Susan Clopton & John Levine Marilyn Graves Lummis Marsha Wiseheart Julia W. Frick Martha Clute Patricia D. Mail Wren A. Withers Pam Niner Susan Cohen JoAnn Malkin Elisabeth Wolf Nancy R. Turner Paula V. Cortes Ann Safford Mandel Nancy Judge Wood Hilary H. Creighton Martha E. Martin Dorothy M. Woodcock Mary Dangremond Mary P. McPherson Elizabeth Story Wright Sustainers Susan R. Daniel-Dreyfus Marlee Mooney Monica Zobel Susan B. Bassin Margaret Flanders Darby Maureen Hayes O'Brien Lois Bernstein Porter & Lisa Dawson Baroness Nathalie Ordioni Elfrida Smith Chappell Paula Deitz Janice C. Oresman Dr. Mary R. Emison Donna Donaghy Marcia Osborn Dana R. Folley Eileen R. Driscoll Georgia Karapanos Christopher L. Frank Irene Drivas Papageorgiou Nancy Booth Kelly Nancy R. Duck Frances W. Parker Mary Liz Lewis Louise Dye Susanne L. Phippen Cornelia Oberlander Christina J. Eldridge Mary Pinney Jane O'Sullivan Nancy Erba Arlene H. Pollack Elizabeth Rajam Georgianna B. Erskine Lee Ritger Pushkin Nancy Ross Elizabeth S. Eustis Sharon Radke Katherine & Stephen Rostand Wendy Feldman Tamara Saltzman Rita Seplowitz Saltz Judith R. Fergin Sheafe Satterthwaite Sarah C. Shaw Gay Flood Cathy Schoen Emma Marie Snedeker Patricia G. Foulkrod Madeleine Schulman Shavaun Towers Charlotte Frieze Minna Selub, M.D. Deborah S. Vernon Barbara Fuchs Nancy Kruidenier Shepard Marcia M. Zweig Virginia L.T. Gardner Eliza Shulman Susan Goodall Paula Young Smith Staghorn fern, Platycerius sp.

Botanic Garden News Page 18 Fall 2008 Please accept our apologies for any omissions or misspellings Donors (continued) and advise us of any errors so we may make corrections.

Members of the Friends of the Botanic Garden continued

Individual & Dual Members

Julie Abramson Jo Ann W. Davidson Elizabeth O. Graham Fred Levine Christine Acas John Davis Lydian Green Cheryl W. Lewy Andy Adams Sarah de Besche Judith A. Greene Deborah Lievens Suzanne Allen Dr. Carol B. de Wet Francesca T. Grifo Renee Lincoln Mary Applegate Nancy S. Deffeyes Jane P. Guiliano Wendy Lindquist Shadee Ardalan Anne L. Deggendorf H. Jane Gwyn Michele Lindsay Ann D. Arthur Jean & David Dempsey Ann W. Hackl Marcia Lipski Patricia A. Atkins Carole DeSanti Gabrielle H. Hall Mira A. Locher Marceline Ayres Dorothy H. DeSimone Helen Hall Kathleen Lovell Anita Bala Donna M. DeSousa Carrie Harlan Barbara Lundbert Margaret M. Baldrige Friederike Dewitz Mary E. Harvey Ann Lundy Lucy Baldwin Kate Di Sabito Audrey E. Haschemeyer Tinka Lunt Claire Bateman Karen Dorhamer-Fadden Lois Hatch Lindsay V. Mack Linda Ward Beech Jennifer Dossin Melissa Fischler Hed Virginia Isaacs MacLeod Lynne F. Bennett Marlene Doyle Helen Heinrich Sarah Magrino Justine E. Bertram Martha Drake Nicole P. Hepburn Jane Majeski Ann Atwood Biggs Cynthia B. Driscoll Joan Hershey Jane Malarkey Edith S. Bingham Barbara Drollette Ingrid H. Hetfield Bill Malloy Mary Ellen Birkett Beverly Duncan Jean Hiersteiner Barbara B. Mann Pamela Hill Birren Anne M. Duzinski Patricia Hilgendorff Louise Mann Amy Blair Barbra L. Eaton Helene Z. Hill Marion S. Marcucelli Barbara B. Blumenthal Sydney Eddison Lorien R. Hill-Purcell Ruth Watson Martin Ann & Raymond Borelli Ellen S. Eddy Ann W. Hilliard Cecilia G. Martyn Lee S. Born Mary Eddy Mary S. Hinkel Elizabeth R. Maruska Aleta Borrud Donna Eden Eileen Hodge Linnell Mather Susan C. Bourque Adele Edwards B. Elizabeth Horner Janice Mathews & family Noel Ruggiero Breg Milly & Russell Ellis Lynne E. Hoxie Liza Mattison Carolyn Brewer Alecia Eppley Mary Ann B. Hoyt Elizabeth J. Maxim Geneva Brinton Arline Boyer Epstein Diane R. Hummelbrunner Sheila McCurdy Carrie Cadwell Brown Sarah Foster Erickson Marcia J. Hunkins Ronnie McNamara Evelyn G. Brown Donna Jane Eteson Amanda Hunsaker Lee-Ann McQuilken Anne B. Brown Scottie Faerber Kim Inaba Hurley Donna L. Meehan Susan C. Bunnell Mollie C. Fair Marcia Hylan Carol & Craig Melin Penelope Burke Nancy W. Fass Diane Foster Igleheart Doris S. Merson Lois E. Burrill Margaret J. Ferguson Valri D. Ivy Sarah Metcalf Elinor K. Butt Louisa Ferree Christina C. Jackson Gail Michael Anne G. Cann Barbara N. Findlay Judith Jacobson Nancy Milnor Jeanne Canteen Diane Hubbard & Bernard Fine Chelsea Jenter Sally F. Mobraaten Melissa Carden Natalie W. Fisher Mrs. Christopher P. Jones Lisa Moline Robert L. Carey William Fleming & Ann Colangelo Mrs. Jack B. Joyce Anne Morehouse Jan Carhart Richard Floyd Karen S. Kaplan Anna Morrison Torrey Carleton Kerry Flynn Jacki Katzman Mirla N. & George J. Morrison Barbara J. Case Janice Forbes Anne Keppler Michaele A. Morton Madeline Catania Forest Elaine Kersten Nancy B. Mott Carla Chapman Amanda A.M. Fost Julie Kiely Mrs. Alan Moyler Barbara L. Chiampa Joanne Foster Dr. Irwin & Sue S. Klau Susan H. Munger Margaret Barker Christie Brigid Frost Diane Kleber Richard H. Munson Cheryl Cipro Stephanie Larkin Frost Eleanor Klimas Joanne Dunne Murphy Bonnie Clenndenning Molly Frothingham Elizabeth Knox Harriet Naughton Susan Cole Helen-Louise C. Fullman Gillian B. Kohler Mr. & Mrs. James W. Neighbours Carol R. Collier Abigail Garfield Anna Korn Molly Newberry Lisa & Harry Colt Julianne Gemmell Geraldine Friedenn Kraus Mrs. George A. Nicholson III Betty Conway Katherine Gerstle Ben Land Susan Norris Bettie Minette Cooper Alex Ghiselin Mary Laprade Kathleen P. O'Beirne Joan Ellen Corbett Gloria Gilmore-House Sara Kaufman Lapuk John O'Brien Anne Coster Michele Girard Barbara S. Larson Elise W. Olson Mrs. Philip B. Cowles, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Myron Glazer Carolyn Lattinville Debra Orgera Elizabeth Carroll Cryer Eileen & Ronald Gold Marian D. Lauterbach Barbara F. Ostberg Terry Culhane Gayle Golden Elizabeth D. Law Lenora Paglia Leigh Culver Gail Hill Gordon James Leheny Ruth Pardoe Christine Curylo Frances K. Grace Ann Leone Mary Hart Parker Linda J. Cysz Bethany Gracia Jaroslaw & Alla Leshko (Continued on page 19)

Botanic Garden News Fall 2008 Page 19

Donors (continued) THANK YOU !!!

Members of the Friends of the Botanic Garden continued Sharon Seelig Student Members & Recent Alumnae Kathryn Service Nicolette Bartolini Allison Kerwin Carole P. R. Settle Amanda Bauman Eileen J. Marum Elizabeth Shapiro Caroline Carr Christine Rice William Sheehan Jamie Duncan Adelaide Richards Robert Brick & Janet Sheppard Jay Elle Golden Puja Singhal Carolyn Shiel Maria J. Hall Barbara Antell Silber-Weinstock Robin B. Silva Other Donations Faith S. Simmons Individual & Dual Members Inge Sloan Joan R. Barminski Anne Mavromatis (Continued from page 18) Linda Fisher Smith James R. Bryant, Jr. Patricia McKey Victoria W. Parlin Rosa Leader Smith Ruth Crocker Arthur & JoAnn McLendon Steve, Nel, and Zoe Paul Geraldine T. Smolka Sumiko Goldbaum January Moore Dr. Elsa P. Pauley Penny Snow Isabel Gutierrez Anne Mundsinger Elizabeth B. Payton Jayne M. Spielman & Anne Hartley Susannah Owen Claire Peachey Stephen B. Baumgarten Beverly Hartley Mary Parent Victoria Pearson Jocelyn Spragg Sidsel Heney Linda J. Rainville Leila P. Peck Dr. Sandra-Leigh Sprecker Frances Starks Heyburn Beverly H. Ryburn Sherry Peck Susan J. Steenstrup Linda L. Himadi Edith A. Sisson Nancy Pendleton Cynthia Steer Elisa Holland Shannon Struble Anne B. Perry Carol A. Stern Gloria Liias Elizabeth Tyminski Harriet Phillips Nancy C. Stevenson Ellen Pile Joe Strauch Patricia Pinkston Ann Strong Harriet M. Plehn Carol A. Surash Susan W. Plimpton Judith Sutton Volunteers Dwight & Connie S. Pogue Katharine T. Svenson The Botanic Garden is indebted to this wonderful group who so Sally Prasch Anne Terhune generously give of their time and energy. Whenever we ask for Susan Purdie & Charles Crump Marianne Loiacono Thomas help, whether it be to lead a tour at the last minute, help manage the Amy Wing Quigley Jane Tolman crowds during the Bulb Show, set up an exhibition, or fill in at the Denise Quittmeyer Mrs. Frederick W. Toohey reception desk on a holiday, someone always shows up. This year a Catha Grace Rambusch Anna M. Treston few volunteers also lent us some of their artwork to display as part Debora W. Tuck Judith L. Rameior of our Chrysanthemum Show exhibition. There is no way for us to Sally W. Rand Susan D. Van Leer Margaret Waggoner truly express how much we appreciate all that they do for us. It Joan Rasool means a lot to us to see how much they believe in the work we do. Mr. & Mrs. Charles M. Reed, Jr. Mahbina Waheed Were it not for them, we would not be able to provide such Dianne Rees Phebe D. Wallace Catharine Reid Susan B. Wasch enjoyable visits and educational tours for so many people. The Barbara Rejniak Linda Watt following people donated over 1400 hours of their time this past Margaret McCarthy & James B. Ricci Mrs. Willard T. Weeks year and gave tours to over 1450 schoolchildren! Many heartfelt Nancy Rich Clover Ann Weller thanks to the following people: Patricia F. Riggs Cynthia D. Wenzlau Cathleen D. Riley Sheryl White Hazel Adophson Dan Fitzgerald Sigi Marrocco Susan B. Ritger Dr. & Mrs. Peter White Susan Bagnall Gail Gaustad Celia Martyn Alice Robbins Constance Wiesman Terry Barton Jay Girard Mary Morse Susanne F. Roberts Staunton Williams, Jr. Maryjane Beach Linda Golash Michael C. Morton Penelope Roberts Adela S. Wilmerding Janet Bissell Norman Halpern Louis Musante Katharine Robinson Lisa Wilsher Diane Bowman Marion Halpern Jan Nettler Rebecca Rogers Sherry Wilson Connie Calitri Mina Harrison Andrea O'Brian Karen Rohan Kate Wing Diana Carroll Eileen Hodge Connie Parks Sally Roth Dorian Winslow Marti Catuogno Rita Horn Jayne Pearl Allison Rowe Carol L. Wirtschafter Rosemarie Clark Susie Howard Deanna Pearlstein David Rundle & Catherine Huntley Molly D. Woehrlin Betty Conway Carol Jachym Anna Powers Laura J. Sabatino Eudoxia Woodward Lauren Corbett Carol Jolly Marion Rhodes Alice Saidel John E. Wright & Susan Garrett Hope Crolius Suzette Jones Tizzy Sprecker Yoelene Schaefer Robin Lee Zitter Katheryn Darrow Anne Keppler David Starr Talia Schenkel Anne Deggendorf Anne Marie Konieczny Kingsley Sullivan Barbara Schlein Gift-in-Kind Donations Katheryn Drake Mary Laprade Paula Turini Bette Schmitt Ray DeMeo Barbara Drollette Cynthia Lefebvre Eva Weber Joan E. Schuman Barry Glick Curtis Dunbar Devorah Levy Rosalie Weinberg Marianne M. Schumann Elliot Jessen Laura DuPont Tinka Lunt Sally White Sara Schwegler Tony Reznicek Lisa Ferree Susette Lyons Jennifer Winick Diana F. Seacord Leslie Fisette Marian Macdonald

Page 20 Fall 2008 Botanic Garden News

The Botanic Garden of Smith College Northampton, MA 01063

You are invited to join The Friends of the Botanic Garden of Smith College ALL MEMBERS RECEIVE

♦ A complimentary copy of Celebrating a Century: The Botanic Garden of Smith College, by C. John Burk ♦ Botanic Garden News, our newsletter and calendar of events, twice a year ♦ Admission to Members-only hours (9–10 am daily) at the Spring Bulb Show (March 7 – 22, 2009) ♦ Free admission and discounts at 200 other gardens around the country ♦ A 10% discount on Botanic Garden merchandise ♦ Free audio tours of the Lyman Conservatory ♦ Invitations to show previews and receptions

YES, I WANT TO BECOME A FRIEND OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN OF SMITH COLLEGE! Membership Categories Name: Grand Supporter $2000+ Contributor $125 Class Year (alumnae): Champion $1500 Household/Family $60

Patron $1000 Individual $35 Address:

Benefactor $600 Student/Recent Alum* $15

Sustainer $300 * graduated in the past 5 years City, State, Zip: Enclosed is my check payable to Smith College in the amount of

$ . Send to:

FRIENDS OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN OF SMITH COLLEGE Lyman Plant House, Northampton, MA 01063 E-mail: Or you may join or renew online with a credit card at www.smith.edu/friends All contributions are tax-deductible.

BGNS