Historic American Engineering Record Index
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SNP Spring Opening Dates 2021
National Park Service Office of the Superintendent U.S. Department of the Interior 3655 U.S. Highway 211 East Luray, VA 22835 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Sally Hurlbert (540) 999-3500 x3300 March 24, 2021 [email protected] Shenandoah National Park News Release Shenandoah National Park Announces Spring Opening Dates Luray, Virginia: Facilities in Shenandoah National Park are beginning to open and will continue to open throughout the spring. The park’s two visitor centers are now open with rangers providing information at outdoor contact stations and the Park Stores located inside are open with limited capacity. They are operating on the following schedules: Dickey Ridge Visitor Center (mile 4.6 Skyline Drive) • Open Fridays through Tuesdays, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. (closed on Wednesdays and Thursdays), No indoor exhibits or films. Byrd Visitor Center (mile 51 Skyline Drive) • Open 7 days a week, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m., No indoor exhibits or films. Campgrounds will open on the following schedule: • March 25: Lewis Mountain Campground (mile 57.5) • March 26: Big Meadows Campground (mile 51.2) • May 5: Mathews Arm Campground (mile 22.2), Loft Mountain Campground (mile 79.5), and Dundo Group Campground (mile 83.7) Picnic Grounds will open on the following schedule: • March 25: Lewis Mountain Picnic Grounds (mile 57.5) • March 26: Big Meadows Picnic Grounds (mile 51.2) • Open year round: Dickey Ridge Picnic Grounds (mile 4.7), Elkwallow Picnic Grounds (mile 24.1), Pinnacles Picnic Grounds (mile 36.7), South River Picnic Grounds (mile 62.8), and -
Birds Rockingham County
BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club o DC BIRDS OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY VIRGINIA Clair Mellinger, Editor Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................1 THE ENVIRONMENT....................................................................3 THE PEOPLE AND THE RECORDS........................................11 THE LOCATIONS........................................................................23 DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS......................................29 SPECIES ACCOUNTS...............................................................33 LITERATURE CITED................................................................ 113 INDEX...........................................................................................119 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE AMERICAN GOLDFINCHES ON THE FRONT AND BACK COVER WERE GENEROUSLY PROVIDED BY JOHN TROTT. The American Goldfinch has been used as the emblem for the Rockingham Bird Club since the club’s establishment in 1973. Copyright by the Rockingham Bird Club November 1998 FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is the product and a publication of the Rockingham Bird Club. It is a compilation of many historical and more recent records of bird sightings in Rockingham County. The primary purpose of the book is to publish Rockingham County bird records that may otherwise be unavailable to the general public. We hope that these records will serve a variety of useful purposes. For example, we hope that it will be useful to new (and experienced) birders as a guide to when and where to look for certain species. Researchers may find records or leads to records of which they were unaware. The records may support or counterbalance ideas about the change in species distribution and abundance. It is primarily a reference book, but fifty years from now some persons may even find the book interesting to read. In the Records section we have listed some of the persons who contributed to this book. -
Blue Ridge Park Way DIRECTORY TRAVEL PLANNER
65 TH Edition Blue Ridge Park way www.blueridgeparkway.org DIRECTORY TRAVEL PLANNER Includes THE PARKWAY MILEPOST Biltmore Asheville, NC Exit at Milepost 388.8 Grandfather Mountain Linville, NC Exit at Milepost 305.1 Roanoke Star and Overlook Roanoke, VA Exit at Milepost 120 Official Publication of the Blue Ridge Parkway Association The 65th Edition OFFICIAL PUBLICATION BLUE RIDGE PARKWAY ASSOCIATION, INC. P. O. BOX 2136, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 (828) 670-1924 www.blueridgeparkway.org • [email protected] COPYRIGHT 2014 NO Portion OF THIS GUIDE OR ITS MAPS may BE REPRINTED WITHOUT PERMISSION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PRINTED IN THE USA. Some Parkway photographs by William A. Bake, Mike Booher, Vicki Dameron and Jeff Greenberg © Blue Ridge Parkway Association Layout/Design: Imagewerks Productions: Arden, NC This free Directory & Travel PROMOTING Planner is published by the 500+ member Blue Ridge TOURISM FOR Parkway Association to help Chimney Rock at you more fully enjoy your Chimney Rock State Park Parkway area vacation. MORE THAN Members representing attractions, outdoor recre- ation, accommodations, res- Follow us for more Blue Ridge Parkway 60 YEARS taurants, shops, and a variety of other services essential to information and resources: the traveler are included in this publication. When you visit their place of business, please let them know www.blueridgeparkway.org you found them in the Blue Ridge Parkway Directory & Travel Planner. This will help us ensure the availability of another Directory & Travel Planner for your next visit -
Full Press Release of Shenandoah National Park Changes Entrance
National Park Service Office of the Superintendent U.S. Department of the Interior 3655 U.S. Highway 211 East Luray, VA 22835 540-999-3500 phone www.nps.gov/shen Shenandoah National Park News Release Release Date: April 13, 2018 Contact: Sally Hurlbert, [email protected], 540-999-3500 ext. 3300 Shenandoah National Park Changes Entrance Fee to Address Infrastructure Needs & Improve Visitor Experience Luray, Virginia: The National Park Service (NPS) announced today that Shenandoah National Park will modify its entrance fees beginning June 1, 2018 to provide additional funding for infrastructure and maintenance needs that enhance the visitor experience. Effective June 1, 2018 the park entrance fee will be $30 per vehicle, $25 per motorcycle and $15 per person. These fees are good for 7 days. An annual park pass will cost $55. In October 2017, the NPS proposed a plan to adopt seasonal pricing at Shenandoah and 16 other national parks to raise additional revenue for infrastructure and maintenance needs. The fee structure announced today addresses many concerns and ideas provided by the public on how best to address fee revenue for parks. Revenue from entrance fees remains in the National Park Service and helps ensure a quality experience for all who visit. Here in Shenandoah National Park, 80 percent of entrance fees stay in the park and are devoted to spending that supports the visitor. We share the other 20 percent of entry fee income with other national parks for their projects. The additional revenue from entrance fees at Shenandoah -
Virginia Department of Historic Resources
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM ................................................................................................................................................ 1. Name of Property ...................................................................-------------------------------------------------------------------===== historic name: Skyline Drive Historic District other namelsite number: N/A ........................................................................ 2. Location ........................................................................ street & number: Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) not for publication: - cityltown: Luray vicinity: x state: VA county: Albemarle code: VA003 zip code: 22835 Augusta VA015 Greene VA079 Madison VA113 Page VA139 Rappahannock VA157 Rockingham VA165 Warren VA187 -----------------------------------------------------=================== 3. Classification ........................................................................ Ownership of Property: publlcc'-~ederal Category of Property: district Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing 8 buildings 3 sites 67 structures 1 objects 79 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: none Name of related multiple property listing: Historic Park Landscapes in National and State Parks ....................................................................... -
Catoctin Formation
Glimpses of the Past: THE GEOLOGY of VIRGINIA The Catoctin Formation — Virginia is for Lavas Alex Johnson and Chuck Bailey, Department of Geology, College of William & Mary Stony Man is a high peak in Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains that tops out at just over 1200 m (4,000’). Drive south from Thornton Gap along the Skyline Drive and you’ll see the impressive cliffs of Stony Man’s northwestern face. These are the cliffs that give the mountain its name, as the cliffs and slopes have a vague resemblance to a reclining man’s forehead, eye, nose, and beard. Climb to the top and you’ll see peculiar bluish-green rocks exposed on the summit that are ancient lava flows, part of a geologic unit known as the Catoctin Formation. From the presidential retreat at Camp David to Jefferson’s Monticello, from Harpers Ferry to Humpback Rocks, the Catoctin Formation underlies much of the Blue Ridge. This distinctive geologic unit tells us much about the long geologic history of the Blue Ridge and central Appalachians. Stony Man’s summit and northwestern slope, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Cliffs expose metabasaltic greenstone of the Neoproterozoic Catoctin Formation. (CMB photo). Geologic cross section of Stony Man summit area (modified from Badger, 1999). The Catoctin Formation was first named by Arthur Keith in 1894 and takes its name for exposures on Catoctin Mountain, a long ridge that stretches from Maryland into northern Virginia. The word Catoctin is rooted in the old Algonquin term Kittockton. The exact meaning of the term has become a point of contention; among historians the translation “speckled mountain” is preferred, however local tradition holds that that Catoctin means “place of many deer” (Kenny, 1984). -
Shenandoah National Park Project Virginia
SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT VIRGINIA White Oak Canyon UNITED STATES SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary In the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director national park in the Virginia section of the Blue Ridge Mountains was authorized by an act of Congress approv A ed May 22, 1926. The act specified that when title to 250,000 acres of a tract of land approved by the Secretary of the Interior should be vested in the United States, it would constitute a national park dedicated and set apart for the benefit and enjoyment of the people, and the Government would VIRGINIA STATE COMMISSION proceed with the installation of accommodations for visitors, ON the development of an adequate road and trail system, the CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT stocking of fishing streams, and the inauguration of an educa William E. Carson, Chairman tional service to acquaint the public with the historical back ground and natural beauty of this famous region. Upon the passage of the act, the State of Virginia, through its Commission on Conservation and Development, im mediately began the work of acquiring the money to purchase SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK PROJECT the necessary land. This was a tremendous undertaking as the approved area was made up of thousands of parcels of privately VIRGINIA owned land. Funds were raised through State appropriations, contributions from citizens of Virginia, and from outside sources. The work moved forward with all possible expediency until the period of general depression set in, and it became increasingly difficult to obtain funds. -
Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia
Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Acid Rain in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia Visitors to Shenandoah National Park (SNP) enjoy the animal and plant The pH scale is a measure of how acidic (low pH) or alkaline life and the scenery but may not real- (high pH) a solution is. Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH ize how vulnerable these features are to units. Shenandoah National Park rain typically is 10 times more various threats, such as invasion of exotic acidic than normal rain. plants and insects, improper use of park resources by humans, and air and water pollution. The National Park Service rain (currently about 4.6 pH units) falling mic, which means that each whole-num- strives to protect natural resources from onto an environment that has little inher- ber change indicates a 10-fold change in such threats to ensure that the resources ent ability to neutralize the acidic input acidity or alkalinity. For example, a pH of will be available for enjoyment now and and decades of exposure to acid rain have 4 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 5. in the future. Because SNP has limited resulted in a fragile environment. When Rainwater is considered normal at 5.6 pH influence over the air pollution that the effects of acid rain are combined units; therefore, rain with a pH of 4.6, envelops the region, acidic deposition— with stressors, such as forest defoliation which typically occurs in SNP, is about commonly known as acid rain—is one of caused by the gypsy moth or conifer- 10 times more acidic than normal rain. -
History of Virginia
14 Facts & Photos Profiles of Virginia History of Virginia For thousands of years before the arrival of the English, vari- other native peoples to form the powerful confederacy that con- ous societies of indigenous peoples inhabited the portion of the trolled the area that is now West Virginia until the Shawnee New World later designated by the English as “Virginia.” Ar- Wars (1811-1813). By only 1646, very few Powhatans re- chaeological and historical research by anthropologist Helen C. mained and were policed harshly by the English, no longer Rountree and others has established 3,000 years of settlement even allowed to choose their own leaders. They were organized in much of the Tidewater. Even so, a historical marker dedi- into the Pamunkey and Mattaponi tribes. They eventually cated in 2015 states that recent archaeological work at dissolved altogether and merged into Colonial society. Pocahontas Island has revealed prehistoric habitation dating to about 6500 BCE. The Piscataway were pushed north on the Potomac River early in their history, coming to be cut off from the rest of their peo- Native Americans ple. While some stayed, others chose to migrate west. Their movements are generally unrecorded in the historical record, As of the 16th Century, what is now the state of Virginia was but they reappear at Fort Detroit in modern-day Michigan by occupied by three main culture groups: the Iroquoian, the East- the end of the 18th century. These Piscataways are said to have ern Siouan and the Algonquian. The tip of the Delmarva Penin- moved to Canada and probably merged with the Mississaugas, sula south of the Indian River was controlled by the who had broken away from the Anishinaabeg and migrated Algonquian Nanticoke. -
Shenandoah National Park Virginia
A fact sheet from 2017 The Pew Charitable Trusts $191,000 is needed to repair one of the park’s two surviving Civilian Conservation Corps buildings, which date to the Great Depression. The Pew Charitable Trusts Shenandoah National Park Virginia Overview Over a million people enter Shenandoah National Park’s gates each year, most taking the Skyline Drive to vantage points along 105 miles of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The 200,000-acre park tracks the spine of the mountains in the northwestern corner of Virginia. From pullouts or granite peaks accessed by more than a dozen hiking trails, visitors have spectacular views of the state’s Piedmont region and Shenandoah Valley—particularly during peak fall foliage. Shenandoah is an early example of environmental planning and design in the National Park System. In the early 1900s, people living as far away as Washington built summer retreats here. When the park was established in 1935, more than 10,000 boys and young men in the Civilian Conservation Corps tore down most of these structures and nearly all homes built by early European settlers to create a more natural setting. They also carved trails—which now span over 500 miles—and built other park infrastructure. The park encompasses parts of eight counties and its restoration has allowed Congress to designate roughly 40 percent of it as wilderness areas. That wilderness draws scientists conducting ecological research ranging from bear behavior to the effects of acid rain, in addition to hikers. Unfortunately, Shenandoah faces a maintenance backlog of over $90 million, more than half of which is for road repairs. -
Luray & Page County
DESTINATION GUIDE Visit LURAY & PAGE COUNTY VIRGINIA Virginia’s Home to the Shenandoah National Park WELCOME Luray-Page County Chamber of Commerce & Visitor Center Page County is nestled between the Blue Ridge and Massanutten Mountains in a portion of the Shenandoah Valley known as the Page Valley. The County is comprised of the three towns of Luray, Stanley, and Shenandoah, each with its own downtown, boutique shops, mom-and-pop restaurants, and outdoor recreation. Home to picturesque farms, historic inns, and country roads, winding their ways to the base of the mountain ranges, there are breathtaking views around every turn. Outdoor recreation lovers will find everything they need for true peace and relaxation in the valley. Escape from the city to the Shenandoah River for canoeing, kayaking, or leisurely tubing. Discover the Shenandoah National Park for a hike along the Appalachian Trail or any number of other trails. Sit horseback or astride an ATV and as a guide points out tracks and views not attainable by foot or car. Head underground in the Luray Caverns to explore the limestone caves the Shenandoah Valley is known for or hop on your bike and cruise through the countryside; whatever your preference, Luray-Page has the paths that will take you to one-of-a-kind experiences and memories. Visit us online at visitluraypage.com 18 Campbell Street, Luray, VA 22835 Tel: (540) 743-3915 • Fax: (540) 743-3944 • Email: [email protected] • Open Daily 9 AM to 5 PM Marketing and editorial by Gina Hilliard, President, and Clancey Arnold, Membership Development & Investment Administrator; design by Page Marketing Solutions; printing by Progress Printing Plus; sunrise photo by Neal Lewis, SNP 2 540.743.3915 WELCOME 2 ATTRACTIONS 4 DINING 11 LODGING 14 SHOPPING 25 SUPPORT SERVICES 28 SPECIAL OCCASIONS 30 EVENTS 33 VisitLurayPage.com 3 ATTRACTIONS, RECREATIONS & ARTS Appalachian Adventures Caverns Country Club 3095 US Highway 211 East, Luray, VA 22835; (540) 743-7311 910 T.C. -
Chapter 7: Infrastructure
W ARREN C OUNTY Infrastructure Introduction A community’s infrastructure is the framework of essential services relating to utilities and transportation networks. This chapter focuses on the following four topics: Water Service, Sewer Service, Stormwater Management, and Transportation. Most often, capital improvement plans are an outgrowth of planning for creation and expansion of existing utility and transportation facilities. Warren County has had a history of privatization which is documented in the County Code, adopted in 1981. The code made it clear that the County wished to avoid an unreasonable burden for providing water and sewer, fire and rescue, police protection, and solid waste disposal services, or the expenditure of public funds for such services. This left many of these services in the hands of developers, untrained individuals, or owner associations which resulted in an inconsistent system of services. When subdivisions were plotted in the 1950s through the 1970s, no one could have foreseen the problems inherent in a lack of unity of the infrastructure provision and planning. A 1992 demographic survey conducted by Property Owners' Associations of Virginia, Inc., determined that in rural area subdivisions platted 30 to 40 years ago, dwellings occupied less than 40% of their lots. The Comprehensive Plan’s survey of Warren County residents, revealed that citizens are feeling the negative effects from the lack of infrastructure. In fact, 61% are concerned about development trends in their neighborhoods and 63% are concerned about development trends elsewhere in the County. The largest concern was traffic congestion, followed by substandard roads and lack of groundwater. In response to this dissatisfaction, the County must re-evaluate its development ordinances in relation to guiding and facilitating orderly and beneficial growth and 2013 C OMPREHENSIVE development that will promote public health, safety, and the population’s P LAN welfare.