DOCSLIB.ORG

Sports and Nationalism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sports and Nationalism English 1130 Sports and Nationalism Organizing question: Should sport be kept ‘pure,’ separate or protected from jingoistic patriotism/militarism? Or should nationalism and sports be merged, and if so, how and in what ways? To answer this question in a precise way, define the different kinds of nationalism (patriotic, civic, ethnic, etc.) Be specific in your terminology and logical development of your ideas. You can choose a specific sport and/or a specific country (such as Canada), to help focus your paper. A few definitions to aid precision in the discussion: Civic Nationalism (also called ‘liberal nationalism’): Civic nationalists define the nation as an association of people with equal and shared political rights, and an allegiance to similar political procedures. The nation is a political entity, inclusive and liberal. Anyone can, so to speak, join through becoming a citizen. http://www.journalpioneer.com/Opinion/Columns/2011-12- 28/article-2849291/Civic-and-ethnic-nationalism/1 Example: In Canada, civic nationalism is associated with a shared Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and shared participation in the life of national civic institutions (shared rights such as voting in elections, or access to public health care, and ascribing to a shared national identity via traditional national institutions such as the CBC, NFB, etc.) Ethnic nationalism: a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity. Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism, i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over time. The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "...nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry."[1] It also includes ideas of a culture shared between members of the group, and with their ancestors, and usually a shared language; however it is different from purely cultural definitions of "the nation" (which allow people to become members of a nation by cultural assimilation) and a purely linguistic definitions (which see "the nation" as all speakers of a specific language). In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism. Ethnic nationalism bases membership of the nation on descent or heredity—often articulated in terms of common blood or kinship—rather than on political membership. Hence, nation-states with strong traditions of ethnic nationalism tend to define nationality or citizenship by jus sanguinis (the law of blood, descent from a person of that nationality) while countries with strong traditions of civic nationalism tend to define nationality or citizenship by jus soli (the law of soil, birth within the nation-state). Ethnic nationalism is therefore seen as exclusive, while civic nationalism tends to be inclusive. Rather than allegiance to common civic ideals and cultural traditions, then, ethnic nationalism tends to emphasize narratives of common descent. http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ethnic_nationalism.html Patriotism: vigorous support for one’s country. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/patriotism Jingoism (noun): extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy. the popular jingoism that swept the lower-middle classes. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/jingoism?q=jingoism Reading Log: Compare the ways Michael Ignatieff and Stephen Harper described the meaning of sports during their election campaigns. Both are supportive of the Olympics, but they define the significance of sports in very different ways. Both of these discourses about the meaning of sports can be described as seeking hegemony (i.e. seeking to define what is real), in that they attach meaning to the game beyond simply the game itself. How do each of these ideas attempt to define “the Canadian character”? Find a specific quote in which Ignatieff defines the meaning of sport for Canadian character. What does he say the Olympics means about who we are? Find a specific quote in which Harper defines the meaning of sport for Canadian character. What does he say hockey means about who we are? How do these definitions of Canadian character differ? Are these definitions of Canadian character inherent to the sport? Just as a thought experiment, is it possible to think of hockey – the game itself – separately from these discourses about national identity? What links these discourses to the game? Lawrence Martin and Dave Zirin argue that the love of sports should not be tainted or ruined by militarism; in other words, they are sports fans who want to love the game without supporting the military. Stephen Harper and Gerald Pash argue that sports and militarism go hand in hand. What kind of arguments does each side use to make their case (logos, pathos, etc.)? In any of the pieces from the case, cite two rhetorical moves that you find effective and say why you think they work well: In any of the pieces from the case, cite a logical fallacy or problem in logic: Which of these pieces nuance or ‘complicate’ the discussion, letting us think about it in more complexity, and which pieces simplify it or make it harder to think about in a complex way? Read “Living With War: Sport, Citizenship, and the Cultural Politics of Post-9/11 Canadian Identity” as a challenging text. Use the handout on reading challenging texts. Identify vocabulary (include definitions): Summarize the main argument in your own words: What do you think? What are the benefits and the risks of merging sports and nationalism? Should sports be protected from jingoism and kept ‘pure,’ preserving love of the sport for sport’s sake? If so, why? Or should sports be merged with nationalism, and if so, what kinds of nationalism do you think should be linked with sports (civic, ethnic, jingoistic)? English 1130 Sports and Nationalism The Way We Live Now Winter Wonder Brand By MICHAEL IGNATIEFF February 4, 2010 After the Super Bowl, the next sports spectacular to take over television screens will be the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. Super Bowl Sunday is imperial Rome, all armor and battle formations, while the Olympics are still classical Greece: all torches, wreaths and moral uplift. The Super Bowl is a unique display of American exuberance. The Olympics have a more solemn function: to channel the lethal energies of modern nationalism into a peaceful competition for gold medals. The Olympics have done their part in replacing war with sport as the way nations earn respect. Modern nations compete by branding their identities, and hosting the Olympic Games is the biggest branding opportunity a nation ever gets. The Beijing Games unveiled China as a global power. The Rio Games in 2016 will do the same for Brazil. The Sochi Winter Games in 2014 will showcase the raw power of Vladimir Putin’s Russia. Data source: EKOS Politics, January 2010 If you’re not trying to demonstrate raw power or announce your arrival on the global stage, however, hosting the Games presents a challenge. We Canadians are immensely proud of our country, but we try to be soft-spoken about it, so we aren’t looking for the Vancouver Games to be a grandiose exercise in self-promotion. Instead, we want to demonstrate that we’re a people the world can count on. We’re proud that we brought in the Games on time and on budget. The venues are ready. Apart from some nail-biting about whether there will be enough real snow for the low-altitude venues, there have been no last-minute panics. The Olympics let us tell the world: Ask us to do a job, and we get it done right. Instead of giving rein to Olympic grandiosity, the Vancouver organizers have tried to rein it in. Many of the venues are deliberately modest in scale and have been grouped together to minimize their environmental footprint. Visitors will take the Canada Line, Vancouver’s spiffy new light rail system, instead of taxis. Buses will replace cars as the way up to Whistler, site of the big downhill events. Offsets have been purchased to pay for the Games’ carbon emissions. We hope visitors will come away thinking Canada ran the greenest Games. The Games will also mark Vancouver’s emergence as a global city. Canadians hope that visitors arriving in Vancouver for the first time will be awed by the city’s sublime mountain and ocean setting, its diverse yet integrated population and its status as a multicultural metropolis facing out to Asia. The Olympics are branding Canada to the world, but they are also branding Canada to Canadians. At first we grumbled about the cost and did not take ownership of the whole expensive spectacle. But as soon as the Olympic torch relays began this fall, Canadians started lining the route by the thousands to see Olympians and other local heroes carrying the torch aloft through their communities. From Alert, the northernmost community on earth, to the American border and from Newfoundland to Vancouver Island, the torch relay has brought the country alive and brought it together. The Games have also changed Canadian attitudes toward competition itself. We’ve always had talented athletes, but we let other countries give theirs more support. A while back, the government initiated a multimillion-dollar program to invest in Olympic gold. Now Canadian athletes have world-class sports psychologists, coaches and training facilities. The snowboarders have aerodynamic experts to work on their boards. The curling team can model their shots in a wind tunnel. Canada has hosted the Winter Games before — in Calgary in 1988 — but has never won gold at home. Nothing less than a top-three finish in gold medals will satisfy the Canadian Olympic team this time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • I Know It's Not Racism, but What Is It?
    Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Law Faculty Articles and Essays Faculty Scholarship 1-1986 I Know It's Not Racism, But What Is It? Michael H. Davis Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, Cleveland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/fac_articles Part of the Religion Law Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Repository Citation Davis, Michael H., "I Know It's Not Racism, But What Is It?" (1986). Law Faculty Articles and Essays. 758. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/fac_articles/758 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Articles and Essays by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Know It's Not Racism, But. What Is It? by MICHAEL H. DAVIS y memories are so dim, I don't know whether as she stared at his face "we're n ot moving. Why M what I remember is the event itself or the fre­ would we move? We've o~ly been here a short time." quent amused retelling of it by my mother. But on "But, Mrs. Davis," he asked my mother, "haven't May 14, 1948, when I was two years old, the mailman you heard the news?" came to my family's door in our small Massachusetts Wordless, .her frown only grew. town in which we were the only Jews. "The Jews," he announced.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Electoralism: Reflections on Anarchy, Populism, and the Crisis of Electoral Politics
    This is a repository copy of Beyond electoralism: reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124741/ Version: Published Version Article: Araujo, E., Ferretti, F., Ince, A. et al. (5 more authors) (2017) Beyond electoralism: reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 16 (4). pp. 607-642. ISSN 1492-9732 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Beyond Electoralism: Reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics A Collective of Anarchist Geographers Erin Araujo, Memorial University of Newfoundland Federico Ferretti, University College Dublin Anthony Ince, Cardiff University Kelvin Mason, para-academic Joshua Mullenite, Florida International University Jenny Pickerill, University of Leicester Toby Rollo, University of British Columbia Richard J White, Sheffield Hallam University [email protected] Abstract This paper is comprised of a series of short, conversational or polemical interventions reflecting on the political ‘moment’ that has emerged in the wake of the rise of right-populist politics, particularly in the Global North.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on American Nationalism: Review of the Literature, Annotated Bibliography, and Directory of Publicly Available Data Sets
    Research on American Nationalism: Review of the Literature, Annotated Bibliography, and Directory of Publicly Available Data Sets Bart Bonikowski Princeton University May 1, 2008 With a Preface by Paul DiMaggio Financial support from the Russell Sage Foundation, and helpful advice in identifying the relevant scholarly literature from Rogers Brubaker, Andrew Perrin, Wendy Rahn, Paul Starr, and Bob Wuthnow, are gratefully acknowledged. Preface Bart Bonikowski has produced an invaluable resource for scholars and students interested in American nationalism. His essay reviewing the literature in the field, the annotated bibliography that follows, and the inventory of data sets useful for the study of American nationalism constitute a sort of starter kit for anyone interested in exploring this field. As Mr. Bonikowski points out, relatively few scholars have addressed “American nationalism” explicitly. Much research on nationalism takes as its object movements based on a fiction of consanguinity, and even work that focuses on “civic” or “creedal” nationalism has often treated the United States as a marginal case. Indeed, part of the U.S.’s civic nationalist creed is to deny that there is such a thing as “American national- ism.” Americans, so the story goes, are patriotic; nationalism is foreign and exotic, something for Europe or the global South. The reality, of course, is not so simple. Both historical and social-scientific re- search demonstrates a strong tradition of ethnocultural nationalism in the U.S., providing evidence that Americans of other than European descent have often been perceived as less fully “American” than white Christians of northern European origin. Moreover, nat- ionalism need not be defined solely in ethnocultural terms.
    [Show full text]
  • History in the College of Arts and Letters
    History In the College of Arts and Letters OFFICE: Arts and Letters 588 The training in basic skills and the broad range of knowledge TELEPHONE: 619-594-5262 / FAX: 619-594-2210 students receive in history courses prepare history majors for a wide variety of careers in law, government, politics, journalism, publishing, http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/histweb/dept.html private charities and foundations, public history, business, and science. Teaching at the primary to university levels also offers oppor- Faculty tunity for history majors who continue their education at the graduate level. Emeritus: Bartholomew, Jr., Cheek, Christian, Chu, Cox, Cunniff, Davies, DuFault, Dunn, Filner, Flemion, Hamilton, Hanchett, Heinrichs, Heyman, Hoidal, Kushner, McDean, Norman, O’Brien, Impacted Program Polich, Schatz, Smith, C., Smith, R., Starr, Stites, Stoddart, Strong, The history major is an impacted program. To be admitted to the Vanderwood, Vartanian, Webb history major, students must meet the following criteria: Chair: Ferraro a. Complete with a minimum GPA of 2.20 and a grade of C or The Dwight E. Stanford Chair in American Foreign Relations: higher: History 100, 101, and six units selected from History HIST Cobbs Hoffman 105, 106, 109, or 110. These courses cannot be taken for The Nasatir Professor of Modern Jewish History: Baron credit/no credit (Cr/NC); Professors: Baron, Cobbs Hoffman, Ferraro, Kornfeld, Kuefler, Wiese b. Complete a minimum of 60 transferable semester units; Associate Professors: Beasley, Blum, Colston, DeVos, Edgerton- Tarpley, Elkind, Passananti, Pollard, Putman, Yeh c. Have a cumulative GPA of 2.40 or higher. Assistant Professors: Abalahin, Campbell, Penrose To complete the major, students must fulfill the degree requirements Lecturers: Crawford, DiBella, Guthrie, Hay, Kenway, for the major described in the catalog in effect at the time they are Mahdavi-Izadi, Nobiletti, Roy, Ysursa accepted into the premajor at SDSU (assuming continuous enrollment).
    [Show full text]
  • Jingoism, Warmongering, Racism
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction Jingoism, Warmongering, Racism Of the many interconnected riddles that the Indian Mutiny of 1857–59 poses to a historian of nineteenth-century culture, the primary one is this: why did contemporaries consider it an event of epochal importance? Gauged purely in the light of its empirical scale and its practical conse­ quences, the Mutiny might not seem an outstandingly momentous histori­ cal event. The two-year campaign waged by the British “Army of Retribu­ tion” against the 1857 rebellion of Indian mercenary troops did prove to be a harrowing and sanguinary one, a struggle marked on both sides “by a ferocity for which even the ordinary depravity of human nature cannot account” (Grant and Knollys 1) and which contemporaries sought per­ plexedly to explain to themselves. Nor should the war be considered a trivial episode, either militarily or in terms of its possible consequences for national and global politics. Undoubtedly, as John Colvin, the lieutenant governor of the North-Western Provinces, said at the time, “the safety of the Empire was imperilled” and “a crisis in our fortunes had arrived, the like of which had not been seen for a hundred years” (qtd. Kaye 3:196– 97). “The terrible Mutiny,” said General Hope Grant, “for a time, had shaken the British power in India to its foundation” (Grant and Knollys 334). Had the large, well-trained, and (except for the crucial lack of mod­ ern rifles) well-equipped but poorly led rebel armies prevailed, and had the rebels achieved their goal of effecting, in the words of one rebel leader, “the complete extermination of the infidels from India” (Kaye 3:275), the result would have been a catastrophe for Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Abrams, Ruth. ‘Jewish Women in the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, 1899–1926’. PhD diss., Brandeis University, 1997. Abse, Leo. ‘A Tale of Collaboration not Conflict with the “People of the Book” ’. Review of The Jews of South Wales, ed. Ursula Henriques. New Welsh Review, 6.2 (1993): 16–21. Ackroyd, Peter. London: The Biography. London: Chatto & Windus, 2001. Alderman, Geoffrey. ‘The Anti-Jewish Riots of August 1911 in South Wales’. Welsh History Review, 6.2 (1972): 190–200. ———. ‘The Jew as Scapegoat? The Settlement and Reception of Jews in South Wales before 1914’. Jewish Historical Society of England: Transactions, 26 (1974–78): 62–70. ———. Modern British Jewry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Alleyne, Brian. ‘An Idea of Community and Its Discontents: Towards a More Reflexive Sense of Belonging in Multicultural Britain’. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25.4 (2002): 607–627. Arata, Stephen D. ‘The Occidental Tourist: Dracula and the Anxiety of Reverse Colonization’. Victorian Studies, 33.4 (1990): 62–45. Avineri, Shlomo. ‘Theodor Herzl’s Diaries as a Bildungsroman’. Jewish Social Studies, 5.3 (1999): 1–46. Avitzur, Shmuel. The Industry of Action: A Collection on the History of Israeli Industry, in Commemoration of Nahum Wilbusch, Pioneer of the New Hebrew Industry in Israel. Tel-Aviv: Milo, 1974. [Hebrew]. Back, Les. New Ethnicities and Urban Culture: Racisms and Multiculture in Young Lives. London: Routledge, 1996. Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and His World. Trans. Helene Iswolsky. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. Bar-Avi, Israel. Dr Moses Gaster. Jerusalem: Cénacle Littéraire ‘Menorah’, 1973. Bareli, Avi. ‘Forgetting Europe: Perspectives on the Debate about Zionism and Colonialism’.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Pietro Di Paola 'Capturing Anarchists Across Borders': The
    Pietro Di Paola ‘Capturing Anarchists Across Borders’: The Transnational Dimensions of Italian antimilitarist campaigns, 1911-1914. Stornelli d’esilio (Nostra patria è il mondo intero) O profughi d’Italia alla ventura si va senza rimpianti né paura. Nostra patria è il mondo intero Nostra legge è la libertà […] Dovunque uno sfruttato si ribelli noi troveremo schiere di fratelli. […] Ma torneranno Italia i tuoi proscritti ad agitar la face dei diritti. i Stornelli d’esilio (‘The whole world is our motherland’) was composed by the anarchist poet Pietro Gori during his exile in the USA in 1895 and quickly became a hymn of the Italian labour movement. Its lyrics articulate two prominent features of Italian anarchism: the expe- rience of exile and a plea for international solidarity, yet also a final pledge, ‘but Italy, your outlaws will return to brandish the torch of rights’, which reveals the unceasing connection exiles felt for their homeland. In recent years, scholars of anarchism have focused their attention on the move- ment’s transnational dimensions, which have been long neglected. This new research has raised a number of questions regarding the relationship between different analytical scales - transnational, national and local - and has outlined the necessity of integrating these per- spectives. Bantam and Altena argue that ‘considering anarchist transnationalism in complete isolation from the history of the national state and the various forms of transnationalisation affecting it means discounting a prime determinant in the history of anarchist transnational- ism’.ii The relevance of maintaining a ‘national’ paradigm in the study of Italian anarchist exiles is of particular significance because of the complex, and at times contradictory, rela- tionship between the ‘internationalism’ proclaimed and practised by the anarchists and the concurrent close relations they maintained with their homeland, as underlined in Gori’s song.
    [Show full text]
  • Inductive Constructivism and National Identities: Letting the Data Speak†
    DOI : 10.1111/(ISSN)1469-8129 ISSN (print) : 1354-5078 ISSN (electronic) : 1469-8129 ID (product) : NANA Title (main) : Nations and Nationalism Title (short) : Nations and Nationalism DOI : 10.1111/nana.2017.9999.issue-9999 © The author(s) 2017. Nations and Nationalism ©ASEN/John Wiley & Copyright (thirdParty) : Sons Ltd 2017 Numbering (journalVolume) : 9999 Numbering (journalIssue) : 9999 CoverDate : 2017 DOI : 10.1111/nana.12320 ID (unit) : NANA12320 ID (society) : NANA-2017-OA-0001 Count (pageTotal) : 1 Title (articleCategory) : Original Article Title (tocHeading1) : Original Articles © The author(s) 2017. Nations and Nationalism ©ASEN/John Wiley & Copyright (thirdParty) : Sons Ltd 2017 Event (manuscriptReceived) : 2017-01-06 Event (manuscriptAccepted) : 2017-01-31 Event (xmlCreated) : 2017-04-06 (SPi Global) Numbering (pageFirst) : n/a Numbering (pageLast) : n/a Alemán J., and Woods D. (2017) Inductive constructivism and SelfCitationGroup : national identities: letting the data speak, Nations and Nationalism, XXX, doi: 10.1111/nana.12320. Object Name (appendix) : Appendix Link (toTypesetVersion) : file:nana12320.pdf Short Title: Inductive constructivism and national identities Short Authors: José Alemán & Dwayne Woods Inductive constructivism and national identities: letting the data speak† José<<Query: AUTHOR: Please confirm that given names and surnames/family names have been identified correctly. Ans: Yes>> Alemán*1, Dwayne Woods2 1 Political Science Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA 2 Political Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA José Alemán: [email protected] Abstract The literature on nationalism has provided conceptual definitions of national identity that supposedly delineate its underlying empirical manifestations. A binary conceptualization (civic versus ethnic) is widely used by scholars. There are confusion and ambiguity in the definition, however, as well as sense that the prevailing schema does not adequately capture the fluidity and complexity of the phenomenon.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in the Digital Age: Fun As a Metapractice of Extreme Speech
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universität München: Elektronischen Publikationen International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 3143–3163 1932–8036/20190005 Nationalism in the Digital Age: Fun as a Metapractice of Extreme Speech SAHANA UDUPA1,2 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Germany Critical assessments of the recent resurgence of right-wing nationalism have rightly highlighted the role of social media in these troubling times, yet they are constrained by an overemphasis on celebrity leaders defined as populists. This article departs from a leader-centric analysis and the liberal frame that still largely informs assessment of political action, to foreground “fun” as a salient aspect of right-wing mobilization. Building on ethnographic fieldwork among the Hindu nationalists in India, I argue that fun is a metapractice that shapes the interlinked practices of fact-checking, abuse, assembly, and aggression among online volunteers for the right-wing movement. Furthermore, fun remains crucial for an experience of absolute autonomy among online users in ideological battles. Providing the daily drip feed for exclusion, fun as a metapractice bears a formal similarity to objectivity in its performative effects of distance and deniability. Keywords: online nationalism, fun, media practice, Hindu nationalism, India, extreme speech “I am there with all my identity, I am original,” declares Rakesh,3 as he prepares to impress on us that his ideological battle cannot be compared with anonymous muckrakers online. As a top national media convener for the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarti Parishad (ABVP, All India Student Association), the student wing of the right-wing Hindu nationalist organization in India,4 Rakesh finds digital social media “sine qua non” Sahana Udupa: [email protected] Date submitted: 2018‒03‒12 1 This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [grant agreement number 714285].
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring Social Equilibrium in Nigeria Through Reconfiguration
    PARTITION OR PERISH: RESTORING SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM IN NIGERIA THROUGH RECONFIGURATION Okechukwu Oko" I. INTRODUCTION Ethnic identity is central to the life of Africans.' An individual's ethnic identity helps to shape perceptions, political behavior,2 and even personal relationships.3 Prospects of a better life, such as access to modem facilities, adequate health care, and state appointments, far too often depend on an African's ethnicity.4 Fear of exclusion from power, and by extension from the nation's wealth, is genuine and remains a major impetus for aggressive ethnic identification in most African countries.5 The fear of losing control of the machinery of government to another ethnic group reinforces the * LL.B. (Hons), LL.M. (University of Nigeria); LL.M., J.S.D. (Yale Law School); Assistant Professor, Southern University Law Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. I gratefully acknowledge the useful comments and suggestions by Professor Q. Johnstone, Professor Emeritus, Yale Law School. I also wish to thank Triscilla Taylor, J.D. '98, and Lakoshia Roberts, J.D. '99, for their invaluable research assistance. 1. A. Selassie, Ethnic Identity and ConstituionalDesign for Africa, 29 STAN. J. INT'L L. 1, 12 (1992) ("Ethnicity tends to be more important to Africans than it is to individuals elsewhere. In much of Africa, ethnicity is the hub around which life revolves."); GERHARD MARE, ETlNICITY AND PoLmcs INSouTH AFRICA 2 (1993) ("Ethnic identity is similar to a story; it is a way of dealing with the present through a sense of identity rooted in the past."). 2. Rotimi Suberu, Comment, Federalism and Nigeria's Political Future, 87 AFR.
    [Show full text]
  • Fear, Loathing, and Victorian Xenophobia
    Fear, Loathing, and Victorian Xenophobia Fear, Loathing, and Victorian Xenophobia Edited By Marlene Tromp Maria K. Bachman Heidi Kaufman The Ohio State University Press | Columbus Copyright © 2013 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fear, loathing, and Victorian xenophobia / Edited by Marlene Tromp, Maria K. Bachman, and Heidi Kaufman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8142-1195-3 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-8142-9296-9 (cd) 1. English literature—19th century—History and criticism. 2. Outsiders in literature. 3. Preju- dices in literature. 4. Identity (Psychology) in literature. 5. Xenophobia—Great Britain—19th century. I. Tromp, Marlene, 1966– II. Bachman, Maria K., 1963– III. Kaufman, Heidi, 1969– PR468.O77F43 2013 820.9'008—dc23 2012017517 Cover design by Mia Risberg Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Garamond Pro Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Intro duction · Coming to Terms with Xenophobia: Fear and Loathing in Nineteenth-Century England MARLENE Tromp, MARIA K. Bachman, and HEIDI Kaufman 1 Part I · Epidemic Fear 1 The Pollution of the East: Economic Contamination and Xenophobia in Little Dorrit and The Mystery of Edwin Drood MARLENE Tromp 27 2 Victorian Quarantines: Holding the Borders against “Fevered” Italian Masculinity in Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s “St.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport-Scan Daily Brief
    SPORT-SCAN DAILY BRIEF NHL 10/20/2019 Anaheim Ducks Colorado Avalanche 1157746 Troy Terry, Ducks finding success sticking with the game 1157781 Tyson Jost collects hat trick as Avalanche downs plan Lightning in Tampa Bay 1157782 Chambers: Take it from Joel Quenneville, the Avalanche Arizona Coyotes is deep and dangerous 1157747 Despite injuries, Arizona Coyotes blue line steps up in win 1157783 It’s still really early, but did the Avs just show the NHL they over Ottawa Senators are for real? 1157748 Coyotes win 3rd straight game, beat Ottawa at home to 1157784 Avs Game 8 Grades: Lightning Crashes finish homestand 1157785 Tyson Jost toasts the hosts as Avs beat Lightning 1157749 Coyotes hold on-ice ceremony for Phil Kessel’s 1,000 NHL games Columbus Blue Jackets 1157750 Arizona Coyotes call up defenseman Aaron Ness, 1157786 Islanders 3, Blue Jackets 2, OT: After sluggish first period, Oesterle to IR Jackets go down quickly in OT 1157751 Kyle Capobianco’s return to health couldn’t have come at 1157787 Blue Jackets' top line gaining confidence better time for Coyotes 1157789 Olympian gets chance to skate with Jackets 1157790 Blue Jackets vs. Chicago 3-2-1 breakdown Boston Bruins 1157791 Lukan: 10 observations from the Blue Jackets’ 3-2 OT loss 1157752 Maple Leafs top Bruins in overtime to the Islanders 1157753 David Backes steps back into lineup 1157754 Craig Cunningham grateful to be back in the NHL — and Dallas Stars to be alive 1157792 Two points! Stars can return home with improved outlook 1157755 Bruins fall to Maple Leafs in OT, 4-3
    [Show full text]