DOCSLIB.ORG

America's Uncomfortable Relationship with Nationalism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
America's Uncomfortable Relationship with Nationalism July 2006 America’s Uncomfortable Relationship With Nationalism Graham E. Fuller focused on issues of the Muslim world, the Soviet Graham E. Fuller served as an overseas operations offi- Union, problems of nationalism and political Islam, as cer with the CIA for 20 years; he later was named vice- well as issues of democratization. He is the author of chair of the National Intelligence Council at CIA dozens of articles and seven books on various aspects of responsible for global long-range strategic forecasting. politics, ethnicity, and sectarianism across the Muslim After leaving government, Fuller served as a senior world. His most recent book is The Future of Political political scientist at the RAND Corporation where he Islam (Palgrave, 2004). Policy Recommendations seriously block and stymie our own goals and • The rise of strong nationalist feelings anywhere is that we sometimes cannot prevent short of war. the smoke before the fire, a sign of latent trouble. It represents an important indicator of a society • We need to acknowledge that the way Islamist stirred by powerful emotions and grievances that movements view and deal with the United could push it in difficult or dangerous directions States reflects “nationalist” motivations as much against us. Therefore, when we witness the emer- as, or more than, religious extremism per se. gence of strong nationalist sentiments, they need to be treated with some caution—to fly in their • Policymakers and analysts are not doing their face is to court trouble as we inevitably then duty if they do not attempt to place foreign encounter “irrational behavior.” issues in a reversed US context: “How would the United States react if Britain or France • This does not mean that nationalism must be pla- invaded the United States to stop the US Civil cated, but the United States must examine its War or stayed on to occupy the country until roots and sources carefully before undertaking order was established?” or “How would we feel confrontation with it. Efforts at intimidation of the if China launched a preemptive attack on the nationalists will usually be counterproductive. United States out of fear that the United States represented a military threat to China’s emer- • Confrontation of other nationalisms with gence in East Asia?” Meaningful parallels can American nationalism operating as a superpow- always be found that at the least help explain er is a particularly volatile combination. The where other societies and countries are coming United States needs to work with broad and from in their actions. credible international coalitions representing something of a global consensus in handling • As the sole global superpower, we must remain such situations. The United States as sole global alert to a natural tendency of the powerful superpower must walk a great deal more softly toward insensitivity or blindness toward nation- if it is to avoid creating a bandwagoning of alist emotions in other states and peoples; international forces against it—forces that can awareness of this potential blind spot is the first step toward coping with the problem. The United States has a big problem with national- national myth to the contrary, American patriotism in ism: it’s uncomfortable with everybody else’s. Yet relation to the outside world is in fact functionally a there’s a great irony here: the United States seems form of nationalism in most respects. Furthermore, quite unaware of the fact that it is one of the most despite our own multicultural character as a society, at enthusiastically flag-waving, nationalistic countries of the popular level we remain quite ambivalent about the world. More remarkably, it regularly miscalculates the real implications of multiculturalism and show the force of nationalism abroad. Today nationalism is some reluctance to abandon our “European,” or even probably the single most widespread ideology in poli- our “Anglo-Saxon,” founding identity. tics across the globe. That the United States should be tone-deaf to this phenomenon in its dealings with From de Tocqueville on, observers of this country have others represents a serious vulnerability in the formu- remarked that the character of American nationalism lation of its foreign policies. differs significantly from that of most other countries, above all in its immigrant origins. In our founding Because of the strongly multiethnic, multicultural national myths, we conveniently overlook aboriginal nature of our own country, we have our own strong peoples and begin our own immigrant society with a national predispositions in the way we understand the “clean slate,” established on territory that has “no his- phenomenon of nationalism. In the United States we tory.” We believe that our immigrant-based society also like to distinguish sharply between what we call ignores ethnic or religious ties as a binding element “patriotism” in the United States and “nationalism” for its society and polity. everywhere else. In reality this distinction is some- what misleading. In the “old countries” of the world, citizenship has been primarily based upon a founding ethnic group If you ask most Americans what they think about that lives in a specific homeland, and upon an alle- nationalism, you’ll likely get a negative response. giance to that group and its longstanding communal Nationalism will be variously characterized as archaic, language and culture. The United States differs from narrow, intolerant, racist, zealous, irrational, uncom- these “old countries” because it bases its concept of promising, a hindrance to the creation of a more glob- national allegiance upon a vision of the Constitution alized world, and an overall danger to the international and a set of shared ideals to form our political culture. order. In short, America would generally like to see Much the same can be said of other immigrant soci- nationalism go away. This brief will look at the roots of eties as well, including Canada, Australia, New American views of nationalism, and the problems that Zealand, and Latin America. these views create. This brief will also study the charac- ter of American nationalism itself, the nature of the It’s long been clear, however, that the image of the United States as a superpower, and how that status United States as a state based purely upon mutually influences our views of nationalism abroad. Finally, we shared ideals has never represented the whole story. will suggest how the United States might more useful- Nor is it true of most of the other preeminently immi- ly address the whole phenomenon of nationalism grant societies that also nominally ignored ethnicity in abroad in order to better manage the issue. their founding ideals. They did all seek to build new societies free of the baggage of the past, but most of American Nationalism or Patriotism? them (except for the Spanish and Portuguese in Latin Before we can understand American views of nation- America, and the French founders of Canada) were alisms abroad, we first need to grasp the character of preeminently of UK origin (Anglo-Saxon/Scottish) in our own. Is there such a thing as American national- their early ethnic makeup. They naturally brought ism, or is it simply “patriotism”? I will argue that, their own native English language with them to Policy Analysis Briefs are thought-provoking contributions to the public debate over peace and security issues. The views expressed in this brief are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Stanley Foundation. The authors’ affiliation is listed for identification purposes only. 2 constitute the founding language of the state and soci- ponents all the way from the ugly chauvinism of the ety. Of course all of these societies ran roughshod over Ku Klux Klan that wants to keep America “white” to their aboriginal peoples—marginalizing, if not out- the elegantly argued theses of Samuel Huntington right eliminating, them. proclaiming the vital necessity of retaining the essen- tials of our British-inherited founding political culture Thus, for all its nominal blindness to ethnicity in its as the indispensable central value system essential to founding values, the United States did possess a de the sound functioning of the United States.1 Indeed, facto founding ethnicity of its own from the start. some American nativists still interpret belongingness This founding culture remained the basis of American in the United States as a basically northern European, culture for a long period, later compelled only by dint “white” thing. Fortunately, their numbers and threat to of ongoing immigration to incorporate newer French, the system are dwindling. German, and Dutch communities—creating then a kind of generalized northern European ethnicity. Even here, a national debate still rages between advo- Through a long, uncomfortable, and bumpy process cates of total assimilation of all peoples into a com- that culture in turn was compelled to incorporate mon founding Anglo-Saxon culture on the one hand other seemingly “unassimilable” minorities such as versus a multiculturalism that permits retention of African, Spanish, Irish, Italian, Jewish, East European, ethnic culture, pride, and language as enriching com- and East Asian ethnicities, not to mention the ravaged ponents within American society on the other. In fact, and decimated aboriginal Native Americans. This is it misleading to think of either of these views as process of integration has been painful, often ugly, and absolutes? Both are ideals at opposite ends of a long is still far from complete, smooth, or comfortable. spectrum along which all countries lie in their various American society has been described by some as still mixtures of component identities and (constructed) racist at heart, riddled with de facto discrimination for sense of national homogeneity. all its nonracial ideals. Muslims of course represent the last, presently most controversial, element to seek dis- All this puts the discussion of American attitudes crimination-free integration.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anti-Americanism Among South Korean University Students
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Anti-Americanism among South Korean University Students Meri Tuuli Elina Timonen Master’s thesis East Asian studies Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki May 2019 Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree Programme Faculty of Arts Area and cultural studies Opintosuunta – Studieinriktning – Study Track East Asian studies Tekijä – Författare – Author Meri Tuuli Elina Timonen Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Anti-Americanism among South Korean university students. Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and Sivumäärä– Sidoantal – Number of pages Master’s thesis year 85 pages + appendix 5 pages May 2019 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract This thesis researches anti-Americanism among South-Korean university students. South- Korea is known to be very pro-American country, but anti-American sentiment has existed in the society especially in the beginning of 21st century. The goal of this thesis is to know, if anti- Americanism still exists in South-Korea. The university students are target group, since university students have been major force behind anti-Americanism since the 1980’s in South- Korea. The research question asks, how South Korean university students perceive the U.S. The hypothesis assumes, that they perceive the U.S. positively. Research literature focuses on books and articles about anti-American sentiment in South- Korea. The theoretical framework constitutes the concept of ethnic nationalism, that is widely researched among western and South-Korean scholars. Ethnic nationalism means nationalism based on the idea of ethnic unity. In Korea, it is traditionally connected with primordialism and uniqueness of Korean race.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coming Turkish- Iranian Competition in Iraq
    UNITeD StateS INSTITUTe of Peace www.usip.org SPeCIAL RePoRT 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPO R T Sean Kane This report reviews the growing competition between Turkey and Iran for influence in Iraq as the U.S. troop withdrawal proceeds. In doing so, it finds an alignment of interests between Baghdad, Ankara, and Washington, D.C., in a strong and stable Iraq fueled by increased hydrocarbon production. Where possible, the United States should therefore encourage The Coming Turkish- Turkish and Iraqi cooperation and economic integration as a key part of its post-2011 strategy for Iraq and the region. This analysis is based on the author’s experiences in Iraq and Iranian Competition reviews of Turkish and Iranian press and foreign policy writing. ABOUT THE AUTHO R in Iraq Sean Kane is the senior program officer for Iraq at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). He assists in managing the Institute’s Iraq program and field mission in Iraq and serves as the Institute’s primary expert on Iraq and U.S. policy in Iraq. Summary He previously worked for the United Nations Assistance Mission • The two rising powers in the Middle East—Turkey and Iran—are neighbors to Iraq, its for Iraq from 2006 to 2009. He has published on the subjects leading trading partners, and rapidly becoming the most influential external actors inside of Iraqi politics and natural resource negotiations. The author the country as the U.S. troop withdrawal proceeds. would like to thank all of those who commented on and provided feedback on the manuscript and is especially grateful • Although there is concern in Washington about bilateral cooperation between Turkey and to Elliot Hen-Tov for generously sharing his expertise on the Iran, their differing visions for the broader Middle East region are particularly evident in topics addressed in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected]
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses Spring 2019 Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War Jennie Matuschak [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Matuschak, Jennie, "Nationalism and Multi-Dimensional Identities: Ba'ath Propaganda During the Iran-Iraq War" (2019). Honors Theses. 486. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/486 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iii Acknowledgments My first thanks is to my advisor, Mehmet Döşemeci. Without taking your class my freshman year, I probably would not have become a history major, which has changed my outlook on the world. Time will tell whether this is good or bad, but for now I am appreciative of your guidance. Also, thank you to my second advisor, Beeta Baghoolizadeh, who dealt with draft after draft and provided my thesis with the critiques it needed to stand strongly on its own. Thank you to my friends for your support and loyalty over the past four years, which have pushed me to become the best version of myself. Most importantly, I value the distractions when I needed a break from hanging out with Saddam. Special shout-out to Andrew Raisner for painstakingly reading and editing everything I’ve written, starting from my proposal all the way to the final piece.
    [Show full text]
  • Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN
    Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand Historical Understanding Standard 1: Historical Understanding: CHANGE, CONTINUITY, AND CAUSALITY-Understand change and/or continuity and cause and/or effect in history Topic Chronological Thinking Benchmark SS.K.1.1 Explain change and continuity over time, using calendars and simple timelines Sample Performance The student: Describes historical events or other familiar events in sequence (days, weeks, and Assessment (SPA) months), using calendars and timelines. Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Explain, with detail, change Explain change and continuity Recognize examples of change Recognize calendars and and continuity over time, using over time, using calendars and and continuity over time, using simple timelines calendars and simple timelines simple timelines calendars and simple timelines Converted by HTML2PDF (www.zoomlane.com) Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand Historical Understanding Standard 2: Historical Understanding: INQUIRY, EMPATHY AND PERSPECTIVE- Use the tools and methods of inquiry, perspective, and empathy to explain historical events with multiple interpretations and judge the past on its own terms Topic Benchmark SS.K.2 No benchmark at this level Sample Performance Assessment (SPA) Rubric Advanced Proficient Partially Proficient Novice Converted by HTML2PDF (www.zoomlane.com) Content Area: Social Studies Grade/Course: K / ACCN: No ACCN Strand History Standard 3: History: HISTORICAL CONTENT-Understand people now and then, here and now (learning, living, working together) Topic Celebrations Benchmark SS.K.3.1 Describe historically significant events and observances in American history Sample Performance The student: Explains why Americans celebrate significant events and observances (e.g., Fourth Assessment (SPA) of July, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving).
    [Show full text]
  • Varieties of American Popular Nationalism.” American Sociological Review 81(5):949-980
    Bonikowski, Bart, and Paul DiMaggio. 2016. “Varieties of American Popular Nationalism.” American Sociological Review 81(5):949-980. Publisher’s version: http://asr.sagepub.com/content/81/5/949 Varieties of American Popular Nationalism Bart Bonikowski Harvard University Paul DiMaggio New York University Abstract Despite the relevance of nationalism for politics and intergroup relations, sociologists have devoted surprisingly little attention to the phenomenon in the United States, and historians and political psychologists who do study the United States have limited their focus to specific forms of nationalist sentiment: ethnocultural or civic nationalism, patriotism, or national pride. This article innovates, first, by examining an unusually broad set of measures (from the 2004 GSS) tapping national identification, ethnocultural and civic criteria for national membership, domain- specific national pride, and invidious comparisons to other nations, thus providing a fuller depiction of Americans’ national self-understanding. Second, we use latent class analysis to explore heterogeneity, partitioning the sample into classes characterized by distinctive patterns of attitudes. Conventional distinctions between ethnocultural and civic nationalism describe just about half of the U.S. population and do not account for the unexpectedly low levels of national pride found among respondents who hold restrictive definitions of American nationhood. A subset of primarily younger and well-educated Americans lacks any strong form of patriotic sentiment; a larger class, primarily older and less well educated, embraces every form of nationalist sentiment. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and partisan identification, these classes vary significantly in attitudes toward ethnic minorities, immigration, and national sovereignty. Finally, using comparable data from 1996 and 2012, we find structural continuity and distributional change in national sentiments over a period marked by terrorist attacks, war, economic crisis, and political contention.
    [Show full text]
  • I Know It's Not Racism, but What Is It?
    Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Law Faculty Articles and Essays Faculty Scholarship 1-1986 I Know It's Not Racism, But What Is It? Michael H. Davis Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, Cleveland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/fac_articles Part of the Religion Law Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Repository Citation Davis, Michael H., "I Know It's Not Racism, But What Is It?" (1986). Law Faculty Articles and Essays. 758. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/fac_articles/758 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Articles and Essays by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Know It's Not Racism, But. What Is It? by MICHAEL H. DAVIS y memories are so dim, I don't know whether as she stared at his face "we're n ot moving. Why M what I remember is the event itself or the fre­ would we move? We've o~ly been here a short time." quent amused retelling of it by my mother. But on "But, Mrs. Davis," he asked my mother, "haven't May 14, 1948, when I was two years old, the mailman you heard the news?" came to my family's door in our small Massachusetts Wordless, .her frown only grew. town in which we were the only Jews. "The Jews," he announced.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Electoralism: Reflections on Anarchy, Populism, and the Crisis of Electoral Politics
    This is a repository copy of Beyond electoralism: reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124741/ Version: Published Version Article: Araujo, E., Ferretti, F., Ince, A. et al. (5 more authors) (2017) Beyond electoralism: reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 16 (4). pp. 607-642. ISSN 1492-9732 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Beyond Electoralism: Reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics A Collective of Anarchist Geographers Erin Araujo, Memorial University of Newfoundland Federico Ferretti, University College Dublin Anthony Ince, Cardiff University Kelvin Mason, para-academic Joshua Mullenite, Florida International University Jenny Pickerill, University of Leicester Toby Rollo, University of British Columbia Richard J White, Sheffield Hallam University [email protected] Abstract This paper is comprised of a series of short, conversational or polemical interventions reflecting on the political ‘moment’ that has emerged in the wake of the rise of right-populist politics, particularly in the Global North.
    [Show full text]
  • Grade 5 Social Studies
    Brookline Social Studies Learning Expectations for Grade 5 I. Overview: Early American History Students will begin 5th grade Social Studies by investigating life in the English colonies, focusing on reasons for migration, adaptation to new environments, and resulting social and ethnic conflicts. Next, students will explore the causes and consequences of the War for Independence. Additionally, students will examine the problems that motivated the founders to begin writing the Constitution, the principles of American democracy that it embodies, and the process of compromise that led to the ratification of a new government. Students will conclude by tracing the development of the new nation, exploring the extension of suffrage, territorial expansion, and the emergence of a national identity. II. Big Ideas Life in the English Colonies People migrate because of difficulties in country of origin and hope for a better life in their new homes. The physical geography of a place impacts the cultures of the peoples who live in that place or move there. Cultures of origin will influence the way of life of the new colonies in a variety of manners. Cultural difference and competition for resources can lead to conflict. American Revolution and War for Independence Revolutions occur when a significant number of people feel that they can no longer live under what they perceive to be illegitimate undemocratic authority. Independence comes with painful economic and emotional consequences, but opens up exciting new opportunities. Patriots thought that human rights and democracy were worth fighting for. Writing the Constitution The founders created the Constitution in response to what they saw as the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation as a plan for national government.
    [Show full text]
  • Research on American Nationalism: Review of the Literature, Annotated Bibliography, and Directory of Publicly Available Data Sets
    Research on American Nationalism: Review of the Literature, Annotated Bibliography, and Directory of Publicly Available Data Sets Bart Bonikowski Princeton University May 1, 2008 With a Preface by Paul DiMaggio Financial support from the Russell Sage Foundation, and helpful advice in identifying the relevant scholarly literature from Rogers Brubaker, Andrew Perrin, Wendy Rahn, Paul Starr, and Bob Wuthnow, are gratefully acknowledged. Preface Bart Bonikowski has produced an invaluable resource for scholars and students interested in American nationalism. His essay reviewing the literature in the field, the annotated bibliography that follows, and the inventory of data sets useful for the study of American nationalism constitute a sort of starter kit for anyone interested in exploring this field. As Mr. Bonikowski points out, relatively few scholars have addressed “American nationalism” explicitly. Much research on nationalism takes as its object movements based on a fiction of consanguinity, and even work that focuses on “civic” or “creedal” nationalism has often treated the United States as a marginal case. Indeed, part of the U.S.’s civic nationalist creed is to deny that there is such a thing as “American national- ism.” Americans, so the story goes, are patriotic; nationalism is foreign and exotic, something for Europe or the global South. The reality, of course, is not so simple. Both historical and social-scientific re- search demonstrates a strong tradition of ethnocultural nationalism in the U.S., providing evidence that Americans of other than European descent have often been perceived as less fully “American” than white Christians of northern European origin. Moreover, nat- ionalism need not be defined solely in ethnocultural terms.
    [Show full text]
  • The War of 1812: the Rise of American Nationalism
    University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital Commons History Undergraduate Theses History Winter 2016 The aW r of 1812: The Rise of American Nationalism Paul Hanseling [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses Part of the European History Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Hanseling, Paul, "The aW r of 1812: The Rise of American Nationalism" (2016). History Undergraduate Theses. 27. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/history_theses/27 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UW Tacoma Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of UW Tacoma Digital Commons. The War of 1812: The Rise of American Nationalism A Senior Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Undergraduate History Program of the University of Washington Tacoma By Paul Hanseling University of Washington Tacoma March 2016 Advisor: Dr. Allen 1 Abstract On June 18, 1812, United States President, James Madison, signed a Declaration of War against Great Britain. What brought these two nations to such a dramatic impasse? Madison’s War Message to Congress gives some hint as to the American grievances: impressment of American sailors; unnecessary, “mock” blockades and disruption of American shipping; violations of American neutral rights; and incursions into American coastal waters.1 By far, the most vocal point of contention was impressment, or the forcible enlistment of men in the navy. For their part, Great Britain viewed every measure disputed by Americans as a necessity as they waged war against the Continental advances of Napoleon and for maintaining the economic stability of the British people.
    [Show full text]
  • History in the College of Arts and Letters
    History In the College of Arts and Letters OFFICE: Arts and Letters 588 The training in basic skills and the broad range of knowledge TELEPHONE: 619-594-5262 / FAX: 619-594-2210 students receive in history courses prepare history majors for a wide variety of careers in law, government, politics, journalism, publishing, http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/dept/histweb/dept.html private charities and foundations, public history, business, and science. Teaching at the primary to university levels also offers oppor- Faculty tunity for history majors who continue their education at the graduate level. Emeritus: Bartholomew, Jr., Cheek, Christian, Chu, Cox, Cunniff, Davies, DuFault, Dunn, Filner, Flemion, Hamilton, Hanchett, Heinrichs, Heyman, Hoidal, Kushner, McDean, Norman, O’Brien, Impacted Program Polich, Schatz, Smith, C., Smith, R., Starr, Stites, Stoddart, Strong, The history major is an impacted program. To be admitted to the Vanderwood, Vartanian, Webb history major, students must meet the following criteria: Chair: Ferraro a. Complete with a minimum GPA of 2.20 and a grade of C or The Dwight E. Stanford Chair in American Foreign Relations: higher: History 100, 101, and six units selected from History HIST Cobbs Hoffman 105, 106, 109, or 110. These courses cannot be taken for The Nasatir Professor of Modern Jewish History: Baron credit/no credit (Cr/NC); Professors: Baron, Cobbs Hoffman, Ferraro, Kornfeld, Kuefler, Wiese b. Complete a minimum of 60 transferable semester units; Associate Professors: Beasley, Blum, Colston, DeVos, Edgerton- Tarpley, Elkind, Passananti, Pollard, Putman, Yeh c. Have a cumulative GPA of 2.40 or higher. Assistant Professors: Abalahin, Campbell, Penrose To complete the major, students must fulfill the degree requirements Lecturers: Crawford, DiBella, Guthrie, Hay, Kenway, for the major described in the catalog in effect at the time they are Mahdavi-Izadi, Nobiletti, Roy, Ysursa accepted into the premajor at SDSU (assuming continuous enrollment).
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Tracks: American Transcontinentalism and the Specter of Canada
    Parallel Tracks: American Transcontinentalism and the Specter of Canada By Kathryn Ann Eigen A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor David Henkin, Chair Professor Kerwin Klein Professor Colleen Lye Spring 2010 Parallel Tracks: American Transcontinentalism and the Specter of Canada © 2010 by Kathryn Ann Eigen 1 Abstract Parallel Tracks: American Transcontinentalism and the Specter of Canada by Kathryn Ann Eigen Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor David Henkin, Chair Between 1840 and 1898, the United States and Canada reconfigured their geographic and demographic contours. In only the first few decades of this period, the United States added over one million square miles to its territory, gaining tens of thousands of new citizens through these annexations, while African-American men were, at least officially, granted citizenship and the franchise in the wake of the Civil War. In Canada, the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada were united with provinces as far away as British Columbia, and millions of British citizens became members of the new nation of Canada. My project explores the effects of these shifts on American national self-perception. While I analyze events and ideas in both the United States and Canada, the core of my argument is about the United States. Canadian expansion and unification was a continual backdrop to American attempts to dominate the North American continent, serving as both competition for continental domination and as a comparison for new U.S.
    [Show full text]