DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Architecture in Syria: :Á`Jqƒ°S »A Á`Jó«∏≤Àdg IQÉ`ª©Dg a Mediterranean Dwelling »£`°Sƒàª`Dgq ص`°Ù`Dg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Architecture in Syria: :Á`Jqƒ°S »A Á`Jó«∏≤Àdg IQÉ`ª©Dg a Mediterranean Dwelling »£`°Sƒàª`Dgq ص`°Ù`Dg CORPUS Levant presents you: :ºµd Ωó≤j ¿Éaƒd ¢SƒHQƒc Traditional IQɪ©dG Architecture ájó«∏≤àdG in Syria: a :ájQƒ°S »a Mediterranean øµ°ùdG Dwelling »£`°SƒàªdGq An account of the ties men and ∫ɢLô˘dG §˘Hô˘J »˘à˘dG á˘bÓ˘©˘dG ø˘«˘Ñ˘j ƒ˘˘g women sustain with their home, ¢UÉîdG êÉàædG Gòg ,º¡æµ°ùH AÉ°ùædGh a very particular kind of dwelling ,á˘j󢫢∏˘≤˘J IQɢª˘Y Ωƒ˘«˘dG ¬˘«˘ª˘°ùf …ò˘dG we call traditional: the homes of kÉ«M ≈≤Ñj ƒgh ,OGóLC’Gh AÉHB’G øµ°ùe our forefathers. Though old, this architectural heritage is alive and .¬eób ºZQ IÉ«ëdÉH ¢†Ñæj GOóéàek enduring in modern Syria. With the support of: :™e ¿hÉ©àdÉH EUROPEAN COMMISSION á«HhQhC’G áYƒªéªdG MEDA-EUROMED HERITAGE »aÉ≤ãdG çGôà∏d ó«ehQhCG - Gó«e Aleppo Ö∏M Izra’a ´QREG Izra’a ´QREG Ksibei áÑ«°ùc Aleppo Ö∏M A place to rest ...¿Éµe áMGô∏dh In spite of the years, this house still offers good shelter. How ɪa ,¥ó°üf ’ Oɵf ?øeõdG äGô«KCÉJ øe âfÉY »àdG 䃫ÑdG »g √òg πg many times have you sat outside the door watching the hours of á˘æ˘«˘fCɢª˘£˘dG ɢæ˘ë˘æ˘e ɢª˘dɢW …ò˘dG ¬˘°ùØ˘f º˘«˘ª˘˘ë˘˘dG ¿É˘˘µ˘˘ª˘˘dG âdGR the day flow by? ≈dEG â°üæJ É¡«∏Y â°ù∏L »àdG áÑà©dG √òg ôcòJ âdR ÉeCG .á櫵°ùdGh .øeõdG äGó¡æJ á°û«©ª∏d Tiara GQÉ«J Palmyra ôeóJ Tiara GQÉ«J Palmyra ôeóJ Tartous ¢SƒWôW Arwad Island OGhQCG IôjõL Izra’a ´QREG Oronte »°UÉ©dG A playground ...¿Éµe Ö©∏dh Listening from the main room, how often have you heard children ¿ƒÑ©∏j ºgh »ëdG ∫ÉØWCG äGƒ°UCG ∂©eÉ°ùe ≈dEG ≈gÉæJ Iôe øe ºc skipping and playing in the alleyways? They have always lived wrapped º˘¡˘Mô˘e ø˘°†à˘ë˘à˘d á˘fƒ˘æ˘ë˘dG á˘bRC’G ¿GQó˘L º˘¡˘H §˘«˘ë˘J ¿hõ˘Ø˘≤˘jh by these surrounding walls, where life passes, sweet and peaceful. .º¡JOÉ©°Sh á°ü°üfl Aleppo Ö∏M Homs ¢üªM Aleppo Ö∏M Damascus ≥°ûeO Homs ¢üªM Damascus ≥°ûeO A place for daily shopping ...¿Éµe ¥ƒ°ùà∏dh Years go by without our realising; we walk through life caught up IÉ«ëdG ≈∏Y π≤ãJ áHÉJôdÉa ,∑Qóf ¿CG ¿hO øe ôªJ äGƒæ°ùdG »g Ég in our daily routine. We must provide for our families: “we need ܃K AGô°T ÖLGƒdG øe ,á∏FÉ©dG á°û«©e ø«eCÉJ ÖLGƒdG øe .á«eƒ«dG a new dress for the little one, we also need this… and that...” Not π«îJ ™«£à°ùf ’ ÉæfEG ,¿hôJCG.....,ÖLGƒdG øe ,ÖLGƒdG øe ,Iô«¨°ü∏d a single morning goes by without our paying a visit to the Souk to .¥ƒ°ùdG IQÉjR ¿hO øe QÉ¡f run our errands. äÉZGôa Izra’a ´QREG Dallozeh IRƒdO Damascus ≥°ûeO Mashqita Éà«≤°ûe Sadad Oó°U A place for work ...¿Éµe πª©∏dh We come across walls that have withstood the ages through the IOGQEG ɢ¡˘à˘YQ ...ø˘eõ˘dG äɢjOɢY âehɢb ¿GQó˘L ≈˘˘∏˘˘Y ɢ˘æ˘˘Jô˘˘cGP π˘˘é˘˘°ùf efforts and fortitude of our grandparents and great-grandparents. »àdG É¡°ùØf øcÉ°ùªdG »g âdGR ÉeCG iôoJ .ÉfOGóLCGh ÉæFÉHBG äÉYGóHEGh Perhaps are these walls still our homes today? Such are the áaÉédG ≥WÉæªdG ±GôWCG ≈∏Y äCÉ°ûf »àdG øcÉ°ùªdG ∂∏J ?É¡«a Éæ°ûY houses of the Medina: buildings surrounded by dry, harsh and .á∏MÉ≤dG inhospitable fields. Palmyra ôeóJ Izra’a ´QREG Tiara GQÉ«J Rihan ¿ÉëjQ Ksibei áÑ«°ùc A place for gathering ...¿Éµe ´ÉªàLÓd Remember the place where your father used to gather with his πg ?¬FÉbó°UCG ™e ¬«a ™ªàéj ∑ódGh ¿Éc …òdG ™°VƒªdG ôcòJ πg friends, where you first met your own, where you used to spend äóàYG …òdG øcôdG ,∑AÉbó°UCG ¬«a ∂°ùØf âfCG â∏HÉb …òdG øcôdG ôcòJ your summer nights, and these old walls with fading colours will ɢ¡˘fGƒ˘dCɢH á˘eô˘¡˘dG ¿GQó˘é˘dG √ò˘gh ?∞˘«˘°üdG »˘dɢ«˘d ¬˘˘«˘˘a »˘˘°†ª˘˘J ¿CG surely come alive in your memories. ?á≤dCÉàe á«M ∂JôcGP OÉeQ øe ≥ãÑæJ »gh á«°TÓàªdG ÉæKGôJ øe In Bosra iô°üH My name is Jozeph and my father is the owner of this house, our òæe Éæà∏FÉY …hCÉj …òdG QGódG √ò¡d ∂dÉe …ódGh ,¿Gójƒ°S ∞jRƒL »ª°SG family has lived here for many generations. It was built over the ≈dEG Oƒ©j ¿ƒaóe ∫õæe ≈∏Y øµ°ùªdG Gòg »æH ó≤d .IOó©àe ∫É«LCG vestiges of a now buried Roman house: to enter the court, you walk ∫õæªdG øe »∏°UG º°ùb RÉ«àLÉH AÉæØdG ≈dEG π°üf ,»fÉehôdG ô°ü©dG through some original parts dug in the rock wall that we have AGƒjEG πLCG ø˘e á˘jÉ˘æ˘©˘H ¬˘ª˘«˘¶˘æ˘à˘H É˘æ˘ª˘b ó˘≤˘d ,ô˘î˘°üdG »˘a Qƒ˘Ø˘ë˘e converted into a shelter for animals and a stock area for fodder. All óLGƒàj å«M ,AÉæØdÉH QGódG ±ôZ πc §«ëJ .∞∏©dG øjõîàdh äÉfGƒ«ëdG the rooms of the house revolve around the court, in the middle of ,Ωƒj ó©H kÉeƒj AɪdÉH ÉfójhõàH ôªà°ùj …òdGh ÉæaÓ°SCG ó¡Y ≈dEG Oƒ©j ôÄH which you shall fall upon an ancestral well that has supplied the .¿ôb ó©H kÉfôbh family with water day after day, for centuries and centuries. AõL kÉ≤M É¡ In Aleppo Ö∏M »a What do you think of my hotel? I'm the manager: the orthodox Ö∏M »a á«°ùcPƒKQC’G á°ù«æµdG ∂∏àªJ ?√ôjOCG …òdG ¥óæØdÉH ºµjCGQ Ée Greek church of Alep owns Beit Wakil, of which I am the tenant. I º«eôàdG ∫ɪYCÉH »°ùØæH äô°TÉH ó≤d .…QhóH √ôLCÉà°SCG …òdGh π«ch â«H started the restoration work myself, to make the hotel as appealing »∏°UC’G QƒµjódG ¿EG .¿ÉµeE’G Qób øFÉHõ∏d kÉëjôeh kÉHGòL ≈æѪdG π©éd and comfortable as possible for customers. The original wooden .ø«dôH ∞ëàe »a ¢Vhô©e ≈æѪdG Gòg ±ôZ ióMEG äÉ«Ñ°ûîd decoration of one of the rooms of this building is so outstanding it is now exhibited in a Berlin museum! ¡``fEG ,É¡«a ¢û In Tiara GQÉ«J »a I have always been proud to see our village as very unique in our øe »≤H πg iôJ .ÉgOôØJh Égõ«ªàHh ,»àjô≤H ôîØdÉH â°ù°ùMCG ɪdÉ£d area. What a pity there are so few people who can still build earth ∂ÄdhCG ,ºcƒLQCG Gƒ∏°†ØJ ?ÜÉÑ≤dG √òg πãe »æÑj ¿CG ™«£à°ùj Qɪ©e cupolas. Please, won’t you come in? May I introduce you to my Ghô©°ûJ ¿CG ºµæµªj ,πNGódG »a Éægh ,IóédG ™e áKÓãdG »FÉæHCG ºg three children and their grandmother? Inside here, it is always nice .∞«°üdG »a ¢û©æeh ,AÉà°ûdG »a ∞«£d ƒ¡a ,kɪFGO áMGôdÉH and warm in winter and cool in summer. û`«YCG »àdG …Q In the surroundings of Palmyra ôeóJ §«ëe »a I hardly believe our house is of any interest to you, but please, you á∏FÉY øëf .ΩGôµdG »aƒ«°V Éj ºµeɪàgG ô«ãJ ób …QGO ¿CG ¥ó°UCG OÉcCG ’ are most welcome. We are a large family and need a rather big AGQh kÉ«©°S π«Mô∏d ô£°†æ°S .ÉæÑ°SÉæJ Iô«Ñc ᪫N ≈dEG êÉàëfh Iô«Ñc tent for us all. We would like to move on to find greener pastures... ºLÉ¡J ¿CG ∞°SDƒªdG ɪd ¬fEG ...πLCG ,πLCG ...IQÉ°†fh Iô°†N ôãcCG »YGôe yes; it is quite a pity wolves so often attack our cattle. .ºFGO πµ°ûH ÉæfÉ©£b ÜÉFòdG GO ¤EG Ghô¶fG In Serqilla á«°ùæªdG ¿óªdG ºµd Ωó≤f πg .kÉLRÉW ∫GR Ée õYɪdG Ö«∏M .ÉfQGO ºàaô°T ,Gƒ∏°†ØJ Please, won’t you come in? We has just finished milking the goats; øe êQÉN ¬fCÉch ∂d hóÑj πg .Éædõ`æe ƒg Gògh ,…O’hCG ºg Ég ?…É°ûdG would you care for some tea? We have a son and two daughters. ¿CG ÉfhôÑNCGh ø«æ°S ™°†H òæe ø««°UÉ°üàN’G ¢†©H ÉfQGR ó≤d ?ïjQÉàdG And this house, you may ask? Yes, it does seem quite old, doesn’t .ΩÉjC’G øe Ωƒj »a ¬d kÉæµ°ùe √òîJG ¿ƒµj ób kÉ«fÉehQ kɪcÉM it? A few years ago, specialists paid us a visit and alleged a Roman governor had maybe lived here at one stage. Sfireh IÒØ°ùdG Damascus ≥°ûeO Tradition is culture çGôJ ó«dÉ≤àdG Indeed, heritage symbolises culture. Monuments are not its only ,IQɢ°†ë˘dG ɢgó˘Mh â°ù«˘d ó˘HGhC’Gh ,IQɢ°†ë˘∏˘d 󢫢°ù颢J ƒ˘˘g çGô˘˘à˘˘dG form: traditional architecture is also one of the gems of our country. ,ÉæJQÉ°†M ó≤Y »a á°ù«Øf IQóc ÉgQhóH º¶àæJ ájó«∏≤àdG IQɪ©dÉa Every dwelling can represent and constitute Syrian heritage. .ájQƒ°ùdG IQÉ°†ëdG øe kGAôL ¿ƒµj ¿CG øµªj øµ°ùe πch Aleppo Ö∏M Aleppo Ö∏M Damascus ≥°ûeO Aleppo Damascus ≥°ûeO Aleppo Ö∏M Damascus ≥°ûeO Urban house with a court ájhɪ°ùdG áë°ùØdG hP »fóªdG øµ°ùªdG From the street, perhaps the least noticeable house, the most mysterious øëfh ¬¶ë∏f Oɵf ’ ÉæfEG ?¢Vƒª¨dG Gòg πc Ée ?∫õ`æªdG Gòg ƒg øjCG dwelling. Hidden behind compacted earth walls, life resides within, ø«£dG øe ᵫª°S ¿GQóL ∞∏N ôàà°ùj ƒg Ég .´QÉ°ûdG ôÑY Üôà≤f concealed in the deepest intimacy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revolutions in the Arab World Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects
    REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI OCTOBER 2011 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND DECEMBER 2011 EUROPEJSKI FUNDUSZ NA RZECZ UCHODŹCÓW REPORT PREPARED WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE PROJECT EXPANSION OF THE LIBRARY OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT, CO-FUNDED BY EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND REVOLUTIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS RADOSŁAW BANIA, MARTA WOŹNIAK, KRZYSZTOF ZDULSKI COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION UNIT OFFICE FOR FOREIGNERS, POLAND OCTOBER 2011 EUROPEAN REFUGEE FUND Revolutions in the Arab World – Political, Social and Humanitarian Aspects Country of Origin Information Unit, Office for Foreigners, 2011 Disclaimer The report at hand is a public document. It has been prepared within the framework of the project “Expansion of the library of Country of Origin Information Unit” no 1/7/2009/EFU, co- funded by the European Refugee Fund. Within the framework of the above mentioned project, COI Unit of the Office for Foreigners commissions reports made by external experts, which present detailed analysis of problems/subjects encountered during refugee/asylum procedures. Information included in these reports originates mainly from publicly available sources, such as monographs published by international, national or non-governmental organizations, press articles and/or different types of Internet materials. In some cases information is based also on experts’ research fieldworks. All the information provided in the report has been researched and evaluated with utmost care.
    [Show full text]
  • Syria: Past, Present and Preservation
    Syria: Past, Present and Preservation Emma Cunliffe, Durham University, and the Global Heritage Fund August 2011 1 The pleasure of food and drink lasts an hour, of sleep a day, of women a month, but of a building a lifetime ~ Arabic Proverb ~ (Unless otherwise stated, photographs are by The Fragile Crescent Project, Durham University, or Emma Cunliffe) 2 Carchemish Click here to explore Carchemish (Syria / Turkey) in the Global Heritage Network Threat Level: At Risk Carchemish was an important Mitanni, Hittite and Neo-Assyrian city on the edge of the Euphrates. Partially excavated by Leonard Woolley in the early twentieth century, it now lies in the no-man’s land between Syria and Turkey. Approximately 40% of the lower town lies in the Syrian side of the border, whilst the main tell, and rest of the lower town are in Turkey. The Turkish side has a military border outpost on the top of the citadel, and large parts of it were mined, but mine-removal was completed in 2010, paving the way for an era of accessibility. Excavations are intended to start there soon, and plans are currently being drawn up to turn it into a large archaeological park to boost tourism in the area. The lower town on the Syrian side has been damaged by the expansion of the nearby town of Jerablus. Since the 1960s the town has expanded inside the old city walls, destroying the ancient settlement. A few features remain, however, and are still visible today. Those parts of the lower town not under the modern urban fabric are now part of a heavily irrigated intensively farmed agricultural area which is composed of fields and orchards, and the city walls are being bulldozed to extend the fields.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernacular Tradition and the Islamic Architecture of Bosra, 1992
    1 VERNACULAR TRADITION AND THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE OF BOSRA Ph.D. dissertation The Royal Academy of Fine Arts School of Architecture Copenhagen. Flemming Aalund, architect MAA. Copenhagen, April 1991. (revised edition, June 1992) 2 LIST OF CONTENTS : List of maps and drawings......................... 1 List of plates.................................... 4 Preface: Context and purpose .............................. 7 Contents.......................................... 8 Previous research................................. 9 Acknowledgements.................................. 11 PART I: THE PHYSICAL AND HISTORIC SETTING The geographical setting.......................... 13 Development of historic townscape and buildings... 16 The Islamic town.................................. 19 The Islamic renaissance........................... 21 PART II: THE VERNACULAR BUILDING TRADITION Introduction...................................... 27 Casestudies: - Umm az-Zetun.................................... 29 - Mu'arribeh...................................... 30 - Djemmerin....................................... 30 - Inkhil.......................................... 32 General features: - The walling: construction and materials......... 34 - The roofing..................................... 35 - The plan and structural form.................... 37 - The sectional form: the iwan.................... 38 - The plan form: the bayt......................... 39 conclusion........................................ 40 PART III: CATALOGUE OF ISLAMIC MONUMENTS IN BOSRA Introduction.....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Operational Presence of Syrian Ngos in Sub-Districts (Turkey Hub) July 2015
    Syrian Arab Republic: Operational Presence of Syrian NGOs in Sub-Districts (Turkey Hub) July 2015 Legend !^ Capital Al-Malikeyyeh !! Governorate Centre Jawadiyah TU R KE Y Amuda Quamishli Administrative boundaries Qahtaniyyeh Darbasiyah International Ain al Ya'robiyah Lower Arab Governorate Bulbul Shyookh Jarablus Ghandorah Be'r Al-Hulo Tal Hmis Raju Tell District Sharan Ras Al Al-Wardeyyeh Ar-Ra'ee Abiad Suran Ain Mediterranean Ma'btali A'zaz Tal Sub-District Tamer AL-HASAKEH ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Sheikh Menbij ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Aghtrin ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Sea El-Hadid ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tall ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Al-Hasakeh ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! UNDOF zone Afrin Refaat A'rima Suluk ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Abu Sarin Jandairis Mare' Ein Issa Al Bab Qalqal Hole Nabul # of organizations reported Haritan Tadaf Daret 1 - 2 Dana Azza Rasm Haram Harim !! El-Imam Qourqeena Eastern 3 - 5 Salqin Jebel Kwaires Dayr Ar-Raqqa Areesheh Kafr Atareb Saman Takharim Hafir Jurneyyeh IR AQ 6 - 10 Armanaz Maaret Zarbah Shadadah Tamsrin Teftnaz As-Safira AR-RAQQA Hadher Karama ! 11 - 25 Darkosh Bennsh Banan Maskana ! !! ALEPPO Janudiyeh Idleb ! Sarmin Kiseb Jisr-Ash-Shugur Hajeb Al-Thawrah Rabee'a Saraqab Qastal Mhambal Ariha Abul Al-Khafsa Kisreh Badama Tall Maadan Markada Maaf Thohur Ed-daman Ein Kansaba Ehsem Ziyara El-Bayda Ma'arrat Khanaser Mansura Bahlawaniyeh Salanfa IDLEB An Nu'man Sabka Notes: Lattakia Al-Haffa Kafr Sanjar Tabni This map shows operational presence as reported by LATTAKIA Nobol !! Hanadi Mzair'a Jobet Heish Syrian NGOs and Local Charities. The reported Madiq Sur Fakhura Berghal Khan Tamanaah Castle Al-Qardaha Shat-ha Shaykun organisations are delivering humanitarian assistance Harf As-Suqaylabiyah Hamra in one or more locations in the sub-district.
    [Show full text]
  • SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC United Nations Cross-Border Operations Under UNSC Resolutions As of 31 December 2020
    SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC United Nations cross-border operations under UNSC resolutions As of 31 December 2020 UN Security Council Resolutions 2165/2191/2258/2332/2393/2449/2504/2533 930 14 Through the adoption of resolutions 2165 (2014),and its subsequent renewals 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 Consignments Trucks (2016), 2393 (2017), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020) and 2533 (2020) until 10 July 2021, the UN Security Council in December 2020 in December 2020 6 has authorized UN agencies and their partners to use routes across conflict lines and the border crossings at Agencies Bab al-Salam, Bab al-Hawa, Al-Ramtha and Al Yarubiyah, to deliver humanitarian assistance, including medical reported and surgical supplies, to people in need in Syria. As of 10 July 2020, based on resolution 2533, Bab al-Hawa is 43,348 1,318 the only crossing open at this point in time. The Government of Syria is notified in advance of each shipment Trucks Consignments in December and a UN monitoring mechanism was established to oversee loading in neighboring countries and confirm the since July 2014 since July 2014 2020 humanitarian nature of consignments. Number of trucks per crossing point by month since July 2014 Number of targeted sectors by district in December 2020 Bab al-Hawa 33,376 Since Jul 2014 Bab al-Salam 5,268 Since Jul 2014 TURKEY Al-Malikeyyeh Quamishli 1,200 930 1,200 800 800 Jarablus Ain Al Arab Ras Al Ain 400 0 Afrin 400 A'zaz Tell Abiad 0 0 Bab Al Bab Al-Hasakeh al-Hawa Jul 2014 Dec 2020 Jul 2014 Dec 2020 ] Al-Hasakeh Harim Jebel Jisr- Menbij Lattakia
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Conflict Summary | 3 – 9 June 2019
    WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 WHOLE OF SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST | Government forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb pocket. HTS and other opposition groups conducted a counter attack focused on Tal Mallah. Attacks were also recorded in the Turkish-controlled Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch Areas. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | In addition to low-level attacks against government- aligned personnel in the south, ISIS claimed to have conducted an attack on the Nimr – Gherbet Khazalah Road this week, the first since 2018. ISIS activity against government patrols was also recorded in central areas of the country. In Rastan town, in northern Homs Governorate, anti- government graffiti appeared. • NORTHEAST | Routine small arms fire and improvised explosive device (IED) activity against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and their allies continued despite large-scale security operations in previous weeks. Further north, an IED attack occurred in Hassakeh City. Figure 1: Dominant Actors’ Area of Control and Influence in Syria as of 9 June 2019. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. For more explanation on our mapping, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 7 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 3 – 9 JUNE 2019 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 This week, Government of Syria (GOS) forces made advances in the southwest corner of the Hayyat Tahrir ash Sham (HTS)-dominated Idleb enclave. On 3 June, GOS Tiger Forces captured al Qasabieyh town to the north of Kafr Nabuda, before turning west and taking Qurutiyah village a day later. Currently, fighting is concentrated around Qirouta village. However, late on 5 June, HTS and the Turkish-Backed National Liberation Front (NLF) launched a major counter offensive south of Kurnaz town after an IED detonated at a fortified government location.
    [Show full text]
  • WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 1 June - 7 June 2020
    WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 1 June - 7 June 2020 SYRIA SUMMARY • NORTHWEST| Turkish and Russian armed forces continued their joint patrols in Idlib Governorate. Clashes between armed opposition groups and Government of Syria (GoS) armed forces and GoS-backed militias increased during the reporting period. Turkish armed forces expanded their presence in southern Idlib Governorate. There were increased air strikes by Israeli, Russian, and GoS air forces in the region. • SOUTH & CENTRAL | Unidentified gunmen continued attacks against GoS soldiers and former opposition fighters across Dara’a Governorate. Attacks against civilians continued in Dara’a Governorate. Protests erupted in Dara’a and As-Swedia Governorates against GoS and deteriorating economic conditions. • NORTHEAST | Russian armed forces attempted to establish a new military base in Al-Hassakah Governorate. Attacks against Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighters continued during the reporting period. The SDF continued its anti-ISIS raids in the region. Turkish-backed armed opposition groups destroyed crops within Turkish-held Operation Peace Spring areas. Figure 1: Dominant actors’ area of control and influence in Syria as of 7 June 2020. NSOAG stands for Non-state Organized Armed Groups. Also, please see the footnote on page 2. Page 1 of 5 WEEKLY CONFLICT SUMMARY | 1 June – 7 June 2020 NORTHWEST SYRIA1 During the reporting period, clashes between armed opposition groups on the one side against GoS armed forces and GoS-backed militias on the other side increased.2 On 1 June, clashes erupted after the opposition armed group coalition Wa Harredh al Moa’mineen Operation Room fighters targeted GoS armed forces and GoS-backed militias on the Ruwaiha frontline in Idlib Governorate.
    [Show full text]
  • International Swiss Architect Pierre De Meuron Visit Day
    Draft proposal – International Swiss Architect Pierre De Meuron visit Day one: Wednesday Sep 29 / arrival – Damascus ‐ Receiving (and issuing visas) at Damascus airport ‐ Checking in the hotel ( I recommend the Art House or the Four Seasons). ‐ Short rest ‐ Meeting at the hotel ‐ Short car tour in the city ‐ Dinner at mount Qasyoun Day two: Thursday Sep 30 / Damascus ‐ National museum and Taqiyya Sulaimaniyya ‐ Old city ‐ Dinner at Narenj Rest. In the old city Day three Friday Oct 1 / Bosra and southern region ‐ From Damascus to Bosra (through Shahba and Qanawat) ‐ Bosra tour including lunch ‐ Brom Bosra back to Damascus (through Daraa) ‐ Dinner at Art House in Damascus Day four: Saturday Oct 2 / Palmyra (accompanied by professional designated guide) ‐ From Damascus to Palmyra ‐ Palmyra tour ‐ Dinner and stay in Palmyra (recommended at AL‐Cham hotel) Day five: Sunday Oct 3 / middle region ‐ From Palmyra to Hamah through Homs (visit Hamah museum) ‐ From Hamah to Aleppo (through Ebla) ‐ Dinner and stay in Aleppo (recommended at Al Mansouri in the old city or in the Sheraton) Day six: Monday Oct 4 / Aleppo – north region ‐ Old city and citadel of Aleppo ‐ St. Simon (and parts of the dead cities) ‐ Back to Aleppo Day seven: Tuesday Oct 5 ‐ Back to Damascus (via plane) ‐ Free day in Damascus region (available for the intended potential meeting) Day eight: Wednesday Oct 6 ‐ Available for the meeting ‐ Departure Note: an alternative way from Homs to Aleppo is not to go directly north through Hamah but to go north west through the coastal region visiting some important medieval castles, and Phoenician sites as well as spectacular scenery, all the way to Lattakia through Tartous and then from Lattakia to Aleppo through Hellenistic Aphamea and classical (Byzantine) dead cites.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Every 2 Months Yearly
    Syrian Arab Republic: Coverage of Main Multisectoral Assessments and Timeline (April 2015) Al-Malikeyyeh Al-Malikeyyeh Turkey Turkey Quamishli Quamishli Jarablus Jarablus Ras Al Ain Ras Al Ain Afrin Ain Al Arab Afrin Ain Al Arab Azaz Tell Abiad Azaz Tell Abiad Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al Bab Al-Hasakeh Al-Hasakeh Harim Harim Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Jebel Saman Ar-Raqqa Menbij Menbij Aleppo Aleppo Ar-Raqqa Idleb Ar-Raqqa Idleb Jisr-Ash-Shugur Jisr-Ash-Shugur As-Safira Ariha As-Safira Lattakia Ariha Ath-Thawrah Lattakia Ath-Thawrah Al-Haffa Idleb Al-Haffa Idleb Deir-ez-Zor Al Mara Deir-ez-Zor Al-Qardaha Al Mara Al-Qardaha As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia As-Suqaylabiyah Deir-ez-Zor Lattakia Jablah Jablah Muhradah Muhradah As-Salamiyeh As-Salamiyeh Hama Hama Banyas Banyas Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Hama Sheikh Badr Masyaf Tartous Tartous Dreikish Al Mayadin Dreikish Ar-Rastan Al Mayadin Ar-Rastan Tartous TartousSafita Al Makhrim Safita Al Makhrim Tall Kalakh Tall Kalakh Homs Syrian Arab Republic Homs Syrian Arab Republic Al-Qusayr Al-Qusayr Abu Kamal Abu Kamal Tadmor Tadmor Homs Homs Lebanon Lebanon An Nabk An Nabk Yabroud Yabroud Al Qutayfah Al Qutayfah Az-Zabdani Az-Zabdani At Tall At Tall Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Rural Damascus Damascus Damascus Darayya Darayya Duma Duma Qatana Qatana Rural Damascus Rural Damascus IraqIraq IraqIraq Quneitra As-Sanamayn Quneitra As-Sanamayn Dar'a Quneitra Dar'a Quneitra Shahba Shahba Al Fiq Izra Al Fiq Izra As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida As-Sweida Dara Jordan AREA OF ORIGIN Dara Jordan
    [Show full text]
  • The Syrian Arab Republic: a Crisis That Demands Action by the Human Rights Council
    AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC STATEMENT AI Index: MDE 24/018/2011 Date: Thursday 28 April 2011 THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC: A CRISIS THAT DEMANDS ACTION BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Amnesty International has submitted the following statement to the sixteenth special session of the UN Human Rights Council on the human rights situation in the Syrian Arab Republic. For six weeks the Syrian government has been violently repressing pro-democracy protests that have been taking place throughout the country. This follows a long history of repression which has seen the arbitrary arrest, detention and imprisonment of peaceful government critics and advocates of reform, including for Kurdish minority rights, torture and other ill-treatment of detainees and prisoners on a widespread and systematic scale, extrajudicial executions and enforced disappearances. All these human rights violations are being committed with impunity. Amnesty International has received to date the names of more than 450 people reported to have been killed by Syrian government forces since the protests began in mid- March. Hundreds have been injured and hundreds more detained; many are held in incommunicado detention at undisclosed locations and are at high risk of torture and other ill-treatment. Amnesty International has received harrowing first-hand testimony of torture and other ill-treatment that has been meted out on individuals, including children, detained during these weeks – including severe beatings with sticks, rifle-butts and cables, electrocution and sexual assault. Many of those killed and injured are reported by eye-witnesses and others to have been shot by security forces, including the army and paramilitaries, using live ammunition firing into crowds of protesters and mourners attending funerals of people previously killed by government forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification of Chickpea Growing Environments to Control Genotype by Environment Interaction
    Euphytica 58: 5-12,1991. 0 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Nerherlandr. Classification of chickpea growing environments to control genotype by environment interaction R.S. Malhotra & K.B.Singh International Center for Agricultural Reseateh in the Dry AreasqICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria Received 1 February 1991; accepted 17 October 1991 Key words: Cicerarietinum, cluster analysis, environtxents, G x E interaction, seed yield, time to flowering Summary Cluster analysis was used as a tool to classify chickrea growing environments. Data on time to flowering (dgys) and seed yield (kg ha-') for two chickpea ~nternationalyield trials developed by ICARDA and ICRISAT, and conducted by cooperating scientists during 198.5-86 ilnd 1986-87 were used for this study. The GENSTAT hierarchical, agglomerative clustering programme was cniployed with correlation coefficient as the distance measure and single linkage as the clustering strategy. Rcsirlts revealed that by characterization of locations, the genotype x location interaction within n clustcr'zorrc wits minimized. From the classifica- tion, it appears that selection for performance at Tel Hadya - the m:~inresearch station at lCARDA in Syria -should be relevant to much of Syria, the drier areas of Alpcria and parts of thc Iberian Peninsula. In absence of sufficient data and high degree of season-to-season vnriahility in wcathcr pittterns it was not possible to indicate other key sites which could provide an opportunity for selection of miitcrials for specific adaptation in a group of environments or a zone. Introduction agriculturi~lresearch systems in such diverse envi- ronmental conditions would be to identify rela- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is grown in diverse tively homogeneous regions and develop cultivars conditions of moisture supply, temperature, soil to mect thc specific requirements of each region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Earthquakes of Syria: an Analysis of Large and Moderate Earthquakes from 1365 B.C
    ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 48, N. 3, June 2005 The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Mohamed Reda Sbeinati (1), Ryad Darawcheh (1) and Mikhail Mouty (2) (1) Department of Geology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria (2) Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria Abstract The historical sources of large and moderate earthquakes, earthquake catalogues and monographs exist in many depositories in Syria and European centers. They have been studied, and the detailed review and analysis re- sulted in a catalogue with 181 historical earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D. Numerous original documents in Arabic, Latin, Byzantine and Assyrian allowed us to identify seismic events not mentioned in previous works. In particular, detailed descriptions of damage in Arabic sources provided quantitative information necessary to re-evaluate past seismic events. These large earthquakes (I0>VIII) caused considerable damage in cities, towns and villages located along the northern section of the Dead Sea fault system. Fewer large events also occurred along the Palmyra, Ar-Rassafeh and the Euphrates faults in Eastern Syria. Descriptions in original sources doc- ument foreshocks, aftershocks, fault ruptures, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, fires and other damages. We present here an updated historical catalogue of 181 historical earthquakes distributed in 4 categories regarding the originality and other considerations, we also present a table of the parametric catalogue of 36 historical earth- quakes (table I) and a table of the complete list of all historical earthquakes (181 events) with the affected lo- cality names and parameters of information quality and completeness (table II) using methods already applied in other regions (Italy, England, Iran, Russia) with a completeness test using EMS-92.
    [Show full text]