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A New Deepwater Species of the Genus Apogonichthyoides (Apogonidae) from the Timor Sea, North-Western Australia

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A New Deepwater Species of the Genus Apogonichthyoides (Apogonidae) from the Timor Sea, North-Western Australia aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology A new deepwater species of the genus Apogonichthyoides (Apogonidae) from the Timor Sea, north-western Australia Thomas H. Fraser Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236-1096 USA. Email: [email protected] Received: 19 March 2010 – Accepted: 14 April 2010 Abstract espèce d’eau profonde, plus petite, adulte, que d’autres A new species, Apogonichthyoides miniatus, is described espèces du groupe A. nigripinnis (11 espèces), qui se distin - from 27 specimens collected from the Timor Sea, north- gue par la coloration de toutes les autres espèces connues western Australia in 95 m. A diminutive deepwater species, (19) d’Apogonichthyoides : tête, corps et nageoires rougeâtres, smaller as adults than other species in the A. nigripinnis une tache sombre, arrondie, non ocellée au-dessus de la pec- group (11 species), differs in color from all other known torale suivie de trois marques foncées ébauchées sur la linge species (19) of Apogonichthyoides by having an overall red- médiane. Cette espèce a aussi un nombre réduit de bran- dish head, body and fins, a rounded non-ocellate darkish chiospines, un nombre élevé de rayons à la pectorale et une body spot above the pectoral fin followed by three faint caudale arrondie. Des caractères ostéologiques choisis du midline darkish marks. This species also has low gill raker squelette de la queue sont montrés ainsi qu’une partie de la counts, high pectoral fin-ray counts and a rounded caudal dorsale avec un huitième rayon dur, petit mais visible, et une fin. Selected osteological characters are figured for the cau- écaille de la ligne latérale. Des membres d’au moins quatre dal skeleton, a portion of the dorsal fin with a small visible autres genres partagent ce huitième rayon dur visible. eighth spine and a lateral-line scale. Representatives of at least four other genera share a visible eighth dorsal spine. Sommario Una nuova specie, Apogonichthyoides miniatus, è descritta Zusammenfassung sulla base di 27 esemplari raccolti a 95 metri nel mare di Beschrieben wird die neue Art Apogonichthyoides miniatus Timor, Australia nord-occidentale. Si tratta di una specie in anhand von 27 Exemplaren, die in 95 Metern Tiefe in der miniatura che abita le acque profonde, i cui adulti sono più Timorsee, Nordwest-Australien, gefangen wurden. Es han- piccoli di quelli delle altre specie del gruppo A. nigripinnis delt sich um eine besonders kleine Tiefwasser-Art; die (11 specie); essa differisce da tutte le altre specie note di erwachsenen Tiere sind kleiner als bei den anderen Arten der Apogonichthyoides (19) per la colorazione che si presenta A.-nigripinnis-Gruppe (11 Arten) und unterscheiden sich completamente rossastra su capo, corpo e pinne e si carat- der Färbung nach von allen anderen bekannten Arten (19) terizza per una macchia arrotondata non ocellata scura sopra der Gattung Apogonichthyoides: Kopf, Rumpf und Flossen la pettorale seguita da tre altre più tenui sulla linea mediana. sind insgesamt rötlich, über der Brustflosse befindet sich ein Questa specie possiede anche un numero ridotto di rastrelli rundlicher schwärzlicher Körperfleck (kein Augenfleck), branchiali, un maggior numero di raggi pettorali e la pinna dem sich drei schwache schwärzliche Zeichen entlang der caudale arrotondata. Sono raffigurati una selezione di carat- Mittellinie anschließen. Außerdem haben die Vertreter teri osteologici dello scheletro caudale, una porzione della dieser Art niedrige Kiemenblättchenzahlen, hohe Brust- pinna dorsale che evidenzia un’ottava piccola spina e le flossenstrahlenzahlen und eine rundliche Schwanzflosse. scaglie della linea laterale. Specie di almeno altri quattro Außerdem werden die Zahlen für einige ausgewählte osteol- generi condividono la presenza dell’ottava spina dorsale. ogische Merkmale genannt: Schwanzskelett, einen Anteil der Rückenflosse mit einem kleinen sichtbaren achten Stachel sowie eine Schuppe der Seitenlinie. Vertreter von INTRODUCTION mindestens vier weiteren Gattungen weisen ebenfalls einen Relatively few cardinalfish are known from the sichtbaren achten Rückenstachel auf. deeper zones of the continental shelf (⁓61 m, ⁓ Résumé 200 ft) and down the continental slope ( 290 m, Une nouvelle espèce, Apogonichthyoides miniatus, est dé - 951 ft). Most collections of deepwater apogonids crite sur base de 27 spécimens collectés en mer de Timor, au have been taken by some type of trawl or trap. nord-ouest de l’Australie, à 95 m de profondeur. Une petite Some exceptional catches have been made by hook 93 aqua vol. 16 no. 3 - 15 July 2010 A new deepwater species of the genus Apogonichthyoides (Apogonidae) from the Timor Sea, north-western Australia and line, divers using mixed gas rebreathers or tracings, scanned on a flatbed scanner and com- research submarines. Apogon gouldi Smith-Vaniz, pleted in Photoshop. Acronyms used to identify 1977, taken by submersible between 262 and 277 collections from museums follow Leviton et al. m (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999) is the deepest dwelling (1985) and Fricke & Eschmeyer (2009). representative of the apogonid fauna in the Atlantic Ocean. An Indo-west Pacific species, Ostorhinchus gularis (Fraser & Lachner, 1984), cap- Apogonichthyoides miniatus n. sp. tured at 290 m by trawl, is the deepest-dwelling (Figures 1-4; Tables I-II) apogonid known to date. Other deep-dwelling apogonids likely await discovery by science. Holotype: NMV A29729-003, 35.0 mm SL, 46.1 The new species, part of a collection examined at mm TL, 10.5 km NNE of Cartier Island, Timor Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, was taken Sea, L30 transect, 12°26’42”S to 123°36’03”E, to in a beam trawl on the bottom in 95 m with five 12°26’58”S 123°36’35”E. RV Southern Surveyor, other apogonids. The trawl contained a significant SS0507/188, beam trawl, 7 July 2006, 95 m, digi- amount of reddish algae that may have cushioned tal color photograph on board. these apogonids from extensive loss of scales, bro- Paratypes: NMV A29729-039, (8, 15.2-34.4) ken spines and other bodily damage and may have same data as holotype. NMV A29729-054, (1, helped to retain them in the trawl. Specimens of 33.0), same data as holotype, cleared and counter the new species were retained as vouchers for DNA stained. NTM S.16659-001, (1, 31.3), same data tissue samples at Museum Victoria and the Com- as holotype. WAM P.33240-001, (1, 35.1), same monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research data as holotype. CSIRO H 6597-04, (1, 30.9), Organization, Hobart, Australia. This new descrip- same data as holotype, digital color photograph, tion brings Apogonichthyoides Smith, 1949, as DNA tissue as BW-A4844, GT2004. CSIRO H treated by Fraser & Allen (2010) to 20 species. 6597-05, (11, 19.0-36.5) same data as holotype; DNA tissue (3, 19.0, 31.0, 36.5), DNA BW- METHODS A4845-4847, GT2008-2010. BPBM 41014, Methods for making counts and measurements (1, 31.0), same data as holotype. CAS 229329, are given in Fraser (2005). In the dorsal spine for- (1, 30.0) same data as holotype. USNM 398149, mula, a spine inside parentheses (I) shows that this (1, 34.5), same data as holotype. spine is hidden below the skin. Morphometric pro- Comparative material: portions as % of standard length (SL) are given for Apogonichthyoides atripes – NMV3175 (1, 59.9), the holotype followed by the ranges for paratypes Australia, Queensland, 12°03’17”S 143°15’10”E; (Table I). Variation of meristic characters is pre- NMV R5961 (1, 71.9), Australia, Queensland, sented in parentheses for paratypes. Standard 19°58’S 148°41’E. lengths in millimeters are given in material exam- Apogonichthyoides brevicaudatus – syntypes of ined lists unless otherwise noted. One specimen Apogon brevicaudatus, ZMA 101.127 (2, 35.4- was cleared and stained for bone and cartilage 100.7) Indonesia, Aru Is., Jedan I. AMS I.22831- using the method of Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). 027 (1, 80), Western Australia, Northwest Shelf, The descriptive formulae of Springer and Smith- 140 km west of Port Hedland; AMS I.20771-016 Vaniz (2008) were followed for axil skeleton, (10, 55-93), Queensland, Cape York, E of Captain supraneurals and pterygiophore insertion patterns Billy Creek; AMS I.15557-133 (5, 74-84), (Table II). The last pterygiophore in both dorsal Queensland, Gulf of Carpentaria; QM I.11202 and anal fins is curved backwards, not obviously (1,92), Queensland, 16°54’S 139°37’E, 11 m; between neural and hemal spines. These last ptery- USNM 329155 (1, 92), Northern Territory, Drys- giophores were counted as if they were in the next dale I., 11°33’30”S 135°52’30”E; WAM P.5854 gap between spines. Gill raker counts were broken (1, 72), Western Australia, Shark Bay, July 1963; down into rudiments and rakers by arch. Oral WAM P 1101 (1, 71), Western Australia, Shark incubation of eggs was checked by examining the Bay; WAM P.14226 (1, 81), Northern Territory, mouth cavity of specimens with buccal enlarge- Darwin, 9 September 1965. ment. All digital photographs were processed Apogonichthyoides chrysurus – syntypes of Apogon through Adobe Photoshop CS4 software. Other chrysurus, AMS I.1799-1801 (3, 51.0-54.9), Aus- figures were obtained from Wild camera lucida tralia, Lord Howe Island, 1888. USNM 213338 aqua vol. 16 no. 3 - 15 July 2010 94 Thomas H. Fraser a b Fig. 1a-b. a. Post-mortem colors of the holotype, Apogonichthyoides miniatus, NMV A29729-003, 35.0 mm SL, a male from 95 m in the Timor Sea, north-western Australia. Digital photograph by D. Bray. b. Preserved color pattern of the holotype. 95 aqua vol. 16 no. 3 - 15 July 2010 A new deepwater species of the genus Apogonichthyoides (Apogonidae) from the Timor Sea, north-western Australia Table I. Proportions as a percent of standard length for tion 410, 27 November 1963, 10.1 m.
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