Alina-Ionela A. BĂDESCU

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Alina-Ionela A. BĂDESCU sincronizare durabilitate FONDUL SOCIAL EUROPEAN Investeşte în Modele culturale OAMENI EUROPENE Co-extensiunea spaţiilor de afaceri în era globalizării. O nouă logică a discursului economic Autor: Alina-Ionela A. BĂDESCU Lucrare realizată în cadrul proiectului "Cultura română şi modele culturale europene - cercetare, sincronizare, durabilitate", cofinanţat din FONDUL SOCIAL EUROPEAN prin Programul Operaţional Sectorial pentru Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007 – 2013, Contract nr. POSDRU/159/1.5/S/136077. Titlurile şi drepturile de proprietate intelectuală şi industrial ă asupra rezultatelor obţinute în cadrul stagiului de cercetare postdoctorală aparţinAcademiei Române. * * * Punctele de vedere exprimate în lucrare aparţin autorului şi nu angajează Comisia Europeană şi Academia Română, beneficiara proiectului. DTP, complexul editorial/ redacţional, traducerea şi corectura aparţin autorului. Descărcare gratuită pentru uz personal, în scopuri didactice sau ştiinţifice. Reproducerea publică, fie şi parţială şi pe orice suport, este posibilă numai cu acordul prealabil al Academiei Române. ISBN 987-973-167-292-2 SUMAR O lucrare dedicată identificării unui altfel de discurs economic și deci fixării punctelor de reper al unui cadru nou de analiză a spațiului de afaceri este urgentă fiindcă dinamica mondială a afacerilor conduce într-acolo. În această nouă abordare am redefinit elementele spațiului de afaceri și procesele dinlăuntrul acestuia dimpreună cu dinamica sa ca întreg în lumina unei abordări de eco- economie morală sau culturală. Această nouă abordare integrează perspectiva ecologiei mediului de afaceri cu cea a economiei mediului organizațional ca mediu in care sunt depozitate conținuturi culturale sub formula organizațiilor, a etosului economic, a activelor intangibile de care depinde mărimea incrementală a unei afaceri. Am denumit această mărime „quasi-rentă” desemnând printr-o atare noțiune acele resurse unice greu sau imposibil de împrumutat. Academicianul Tudorel Postolache a denumit aceste active, într-un alt context analitic, „rentă de identitate”. Un cercetător al mediilor de afaceri va trebui să pornească de la evidența că în orice mediu de afaceri elementele pur economice co-există cu elemente non-economice, precum sunt, de pildă, organizațiile firmelor. Organizațiile delimitate de raza firmelor nu pot fi abordate numai ca niște cadre în care se derulează procese pur economice, fiindcă ele sunt totodată seturi complexe de normativități, de valori (chestiunea legitimității și deci a solvabilității unei firme, a angajamentului etc. are legătură cu această fațetă a lucrurilor). Toate aceste elemente non-economice ale actului economic pot fi delimitate cu o anume aproximare printr-un concept, precum acela al capitalului social sau/și intelectual, deci al activelor intangibile, de a căror utilizare depinde quasi-renta sau renta de identitate. Acest parametru este decisiv în bătălia sau competiția mediilor de afaceri în întregul lor nu doar a companiilor considerate izolat. Ideea lucrării mele este că în lumea economiei mondializate se află în competiție nu doar firmele ci și mediile lor, nișele lor, societăți întregi uneori, cu toată cultura lor organizațională. Marile corporații au dobândit o așa de mare putere, încât, pot înghiți în fluxul lor societăți întregi uneori. Această nouă formă de expansiune economică a modificat radical înțelesul fostelor economii naționale, care, ca realități economice, au fost așa de radical ambiguizate încât știința economică este somată să iasă din vechile sale cadre teoretice. SUMMARY A study focused on the identification of a different kind of economic discourse and, consequently, on framing the critical points of a new body of reference in analysing the business space claims urgency as the world dynamic of businesses leads us towards such a desiderate. In this new approach, we redefined the elements of the business spaces and the processes within it along with its dynamic as a whole in the light of a new moral eco-economy or cultural perspective. This new approach integrates the perspective of the ecology of the business space with the approach of the economy of the organizational environment as a medium in which cultural content is metamorphosed into organizations as well as economic ethos and intangible assets on which the incremental weight of a business depends on it. We called this weight as ”quasi-rent”, designating those hardly and even impossible to imitate resources. Academician Tudorel Postolache designated such assets as ”identitary rent” within another analytical context. Researching the business environments should start from the evidence that in any business space the purely economic defined elements co-exists with non- economic elements as in the case of organizations of the firms. Organizations bounded by the radius of the firms cannot be approached only as purely economic processes taking place within certain frames as such organizations are, also, complex sets of normativity and values (the issue of legitimacy and, thus, of the solvency of a firm and its commitment is connected with this facet of the things). All of these non-economic elements of the economic act can be delimited with a certain approximation through a concept as the one of social capital or/and intellectual, thus, of intangible assets for whose use the quasi-rent or the identitary rent depends on it. This parameter is decisive in the competition of business spaces in their entirety and not only of companies considered in isolation. The idea of my study is that not only the firms are in competition but, also, their environments, niches and even societies in their entirety along with their entire organizational culture. Corporations acquired such a great power as they can absorb entire societies within such processes. This new way of economic expansion radically modified the meaning of national economies which, as economic realities, were so radically and ambiguous transformed so that the economic science is challenged to go beyond its old theoretical boundaries. REZUMAT Obiectiv Ideea lucrării mele este că în lumea economiei mondializate se află în competiție nu doar firmele ci și mediile lor, nișele lor, societăți întregi uneori, cu toată cultura lor organizațională. Marile corporații au dobândit o așa de mare putere, încât, pot înghiți în fluxul lor societăți întregi uneori. Această nouă formă de expansiune economică a modificat radical înțelesul fostelor economii naționale, care, ca realități economice, au fost așa de radical ambiguizate încât știința economică este somată să iasă din vechile sale cadre teoretice. Noutatea cercetării O lucrare dedicată identificării unui altfel de discurs economic și deci fixării punctelor de reper al unui cadru nou de analiză a spațiului de afaceri este urgentă fiindcă dinamica mondială a afacerilor conduce într-acolo. În această nouă abordare am redefinit elementele spațiului de afaceri și procesele dinlăuntrul acestuia dimpreună cu dinamica sa ca întreg în lumina unei abordări de eco-economie morală sau culturală. Această nouă abordare integrează perspectiva ecologiei mediului de afaceri cu cea a economiei mediului organizațional ca mediu in care sunt depozitate conținuturi culturale sub formula organizațiilor, a etosului economic, a activelor intangibile de care depinde mărimea incrementală a unei afaceri. Paradigma de cercetare Limbajul economic se transformă asumând un altfel de discurs, acela al eco-economiei morale sau culturale, prin care putem acoperi realitățile mixte - spiritual-economice, real-virtuale etc. - ale spațiilor de afaceri. Lucrarea de față se încadrează în acea categorie de studii care se afirmă la punctul de inflexiune al științei economice, unde se constituie un tip de abordare pe care unii autori l-au denominat prin sintagme precum economia culturală, economia socială sau, mai recent, economia morală, economia civică etc. Lucrarea de față îmbină perspectiva ecologiei organizaționale, cu perspectiva socio-economiei culturale sau morale și cu teoria (semasiologia) limbajelor speciale (în cazul acesta este vorba despre limbajul economiei organizaționale). Lucrarea e structurată în șapte secțiuni (părți). Prima secțiune a lucrării este dedicată unei succinte prezentări a problematicii ecologiei organizaţionale (concepte, metode, teorii), trecerii de la ecologia organizaţională la eco- economia morală. În părțile II - VI vom stărui asupra eco-economiei discursului (medii culturale, modele economice şi sisteme de gândire - limbaje) adiacente acelor medii găsind ilustrări pe cazul economiei clasice britanice, cu limbajul ataşat mediului britanic al afacerilor, dominat de filosofia și deci de limbajul liber-schimbist, așa de bine ilustrat de marea dezbatere din Parlamentul britanic finalizată cu triumful deplin al liberalismului clasic și deci cu startul ciclului internațional al paradigmei smith-iene și ricardiene. S-ar putea evoca, pentru ilustrarea tezei că variația mediului social al afacerilor induce reconstrucția limbajului economic, și cazul economiei protecţioniste legată de mediul Zollverein-ului şi de mediul economic şi de gândire american (List şi-a susţinut primele conferinţe despre protecţionism în America hamiltoniană). În aceiași linie de demonstrație vom invoca exemplul neo-economiei britanice postbelice, cu triumful unui alt limbaj, limbajul keynes-ist, impus de conjunctura postbelică etc. Fiecare mediu a indus o transformare a limbajului economic, descoperindu-ne o foarte curioasă dependență ori solidaritate dintre un
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