Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Order

Transport and Works Act 1992

Transport and Works (Applications and Objections Procedure) (England and Wales) Rules 2006

A17/1g Environmental Statement

Volume 7 – Chapters 19 to 25

December 2019

19. In-combination effects

19.1 Introduction and scope

19.1.1 The Environment Agency, in partnership with Sedgemoor District Council, are delivering the Bridgwater Tidal Barrier (BTB) Scheme to reduce tidal flood risk to Bridgwater and surrounding areas.

19.1.2 Definitions of cumulative, intra-project and in-combination effects for the purpose of this Environmental Statement (ES) are provided in Chapter 7 (Environmental assessment methodology, Paragraph 7.5.2). Cumulative and intra-project effects are considered within the environmental topic assessment chapters (Chapters 8 to 18) of this ES, as required, and are therefore not discussed further here.

19.1.3 In-combination effects occur when the residual effects of a proposed development act in combination with the residual effects of other proposed projects to generate combined effects that are different or of a greater magnitude than the effects of the proposed projects alone. An assessment of in-combination effects considers other proposed and approved projects that have not yet been constructed and are not operational, i.e. developments that are in addition to the baseline. For proposed, but not yet approved projects, only those projects that have entered a formal process within the public domain are considered, e.g. projects undergoing public consultation, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening or scoping, a consenting process, or proposals that are identified in approved policies, plans or programmes. This is on the basis that these projects will have a reasonable certainty of being delivered and that sufficient information about them is available to enable a meaningful assessment.

19.1.4 This chapter considers whether in-combination effects could occur due to the interaction of the proposed Bridgwater Tidal Barrier (BTB) Scheme with other identified projects, and whether those interactions could generate effects of a magnitude and significance that would require BTB Scheme design amendments or other mitigation measures to reduce them to an acceptable level.

19.1.5 This chapter does not carry out strategic-level assessment of the combined effects of all known future projects or land-use allocations within the Bridgwater or Sedgemoor Local Plan areas, e.g. the total effects on current greenfield or brownfield sites. The focus of this assessment is to understand and manage the environmental risks from the BTB Scheme specifically as they act in-combination with other projects.

19.1.6 The potential for in-combination effects on Natura 2000 Sites has also been considered in the Report to Support a Habitats Regulations Assessment for the BTB Scheme (Appendix 9D of this ES). The Report to Support a Habitats Regulations Assessment has informed the assessment of in-combination effects on biodiversity within this chapter, where relevant.

19.1.7 The BTB Scheme includes carrying out works to weirs and other structures to improve fish passage along the River Parrett upstream of the barrier site (Chapter 18, Upstream fish and eel passage). Due to the small-scale nature of the fish and eel passage

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proposals, the identification of potential projects where in-combination effects could result has been limited to any planned developments within 1km of the proposed works (Chapter 18 (Upstream fish and eel passage), Section 18.14). There are no approved or planned projects within 1km of the proposed works and therefore the fish and eel pass proposals have been scoped out of further assessment of in-combination effects.

19.2 Impact assessment methodology

Identifying other projects

19.2.1 For in-combination effects to be generated, the residual effects of the construction and/or operational stages of the BTB Scheme must overlap spatially and temporally with the construction or operational effects of other planned projects. The following steps were carried out to identify projects with potential to have effects that spatially overlap with those of the BTB Scheme:

. Identify spatial plans that may influence future development that could in turn interact with the construction or operational effects of the BTB Scheme. This was achieved through review of the Sedgemoor Local Plan documents (including supplementary planning documents) and liaison with Sedgemoor District Council officers. The identified spatial plans were reviewed to help identify projects that could interact with development and operation of the BTB Scheme.

. Identify all proposed, or approved but not completed, projects within 2km of the BTB Scheme. The 2km study area was determined having regard to the potential spatial area over which residual effects from the BTB Scheme could be detected. Projects were identified through interrogation of Sedgemoor District Council’s online planning application register and the Marine Management Organisation’s public register, consultation with Sedgemoor District Council, review of the identified spatial plans, and review of Environment Agency work programmes.

. Identify larger scale projects located further than 2km away from the BTB Scheme but whose nature and scale mean their effects could occur over a large enough spatial area to interact with the effects of the BTB Scheme; this was achieved through review of the National Infrastructure Planning portal, consultation with Environment Agency and Sedgemoor District Council technical specialists, review of the identified spatial plans, and via the EIA scoping process.

19.2.2 The above steps were carried out to inform the Preliminary Environmental Information Report (PEIR) (Environment Agency, 2018a) that was submitted in support of the EIA scoping process that took place in February to April 2018. The search of Sedgemoor District Council’s online planning register and the Marine Management Organisation’s public register, and consultation with Sedgemoor District Council, was repeated in 2019 to update the project list and project status.

19.2.3 The projects were reviewed to identify whether, based on their nature and scale, they would be likely to have any measurable interaction with the BTB Scheme at either construction or operational stages. Many of the proposed developments located within the 2km radius study area are small-scale commercial, agricultural or domestic projects (e.g. home improvement works). Such projects have been scoped out of the

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assessment as they are considered to be too small to have any significant interaction with the effects of the BTB Scheme and therefore detailed assessment is not required.

19.2.4 When considering the scale of other projects to consider for in-combination effects, development type, area, and number of houses/industrial units was taken into consideration. For residential developments, this was considered as being the construction of 50 or more new residential dwellings within 2km of the proposed BTB Scheme works. Fifty residential dwellings was considered a suitable threshold as this is considered to be a significantly large enough development to generate effects which could give rise to significant in-combination effects. However, where a development of less than 50 residential dwellings is proposed along with additional supporting development, e.g. a school, this was considered for in-combination effects. Industrial, commercial and other infrastructure developments were assessed on a case-by-case basis.

19.2.5 The greatest potential for in-combination effects in relation to the BTB Scheme is from an overlap of construction phase effects which affect the same resource or receptor. Construction of the BTB Scheme is expected to start in 2022 with planned completion of the entire scheme in 2025. The identified projects were reviewed to determine whether they have potential to generate residual construction phase effects at the same time as the BTB Scheme based on the timing of proposed works. Any projects with no potential to generate construction phase effects at the same time as the BTB Scheme, and where the type of project means there is also no potential for in-combination effects from operation, were also scoped out of further assessment.

19.2.6 Plans identified for review are described in Section 19.3 and scoped in projects are described in Section 19.4. Projects whose status was reviewed between the scoping and detailed assessment stages and that have been scoped out of the assessment are described in Section 19.5. Appendix 19A provides a record of the scoping of projects that were identified from the Sedgemoor District Council planning register for this in-combination assessment. The scoping of identified larger scale projects that are not on this register are discussed in Sections 19.4 and 19.5 as appropriate.

19.2.7 Any new projects that come forward following the submission of this ES are expected to take the BTB Scheme’s anticipated effects into account when considering in- combination effects as part of the EIA undertaken for those projects.

Assessment of in-combination effects

19.2.8 The following steps were carried out for each identified project:

. Identify potential pathways through which the residual effects of the project and the residual effects of the BTB Scheme could interact to generate an in- combination effect. This was done by using the findings from the environmental topic assessment chapters (Chapters 8 to 18) of this ES, information in the consent application documents for the other projects, and other information in the public domain (e.g. posted on project websites). Where the BTB Scheme and

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another project were identified as having a residual effect on the same receptor, then an assessment of in-combination effects was scoped in to the assessment.

. Consider the total change in environment brought about by each in-combination effect (considering scale, magnitude and duration) based on publicly available information.

. Assess whether this combined effect would result in an increased level of significance when compared to the residual effect of the BTB Scheme alone, and whether additional mitigation measures are required.

19.2.9 The spatial plans described in Section 19.3 were not considered in their entirety in the assessment. As set out in Paragraph 19.2.1, the plans were reviewed to help identify projects to be included in the assessment.

19.2.10 Where appropriate, projects were grouped together for the assessment, e.g. where there are multiple reserved matters applications that form part of one overarching project with outline planning consent, or where projects form part of delivering a strategic land-use allocation.

19.2.11 The assessment of in-combination effects is reported in Section 19.6.

Consideration of construction traffic impacts

19.2.12 The BTB Scheme will have minimal impact on transport infrastructure during operation but is anticipated to generate construction traffic between 2022 and 2025. This could interact with traffic generated by other identified projects to result in in- combination effects on the transport network. The Transport Assessment carried out for the BTB Scheme (Appendix 16A) considers the future year scenario of 2022 which is the expected first year of construction, in accordance with the standard method for Transport Assessments. The future scenario includes construction traffic generated from Hinkley Point C and projected traffic growth across the network using the national TEMPro software (see also Chapter 16, Traffic and transport). This provides a precautionary, robust, basis for future baseline traffic flows against which the BTB Scheme is assessed. This means that in-combination effects for traffic and transport are an inherent part of the Transport Assessment for the BTB Scheme; as such, they do not need to be considered again and are scoped-out of this in-combination effects chapter.

19.3 Plans reviewed in the assessment

19.3.1 The following strategic plans were identified as having potential to influence development that could interact with the BTB Scheme, and so were reviewed to help identify projects to be included in the assessment of in-combination effects:

. Sedgemoor Local Plan, 2011-2032. Adopted in February 2019, this is the strategic planning document up to 2032 and sets out land use allocations (e.g. housing, employment, education) and relevant policies. The approved Local Plan includes a Bridgwater Barrier Safeguarded Area to ensure the BTB Scheme can be delivered. The following allocations are of relevance to the BTB Scheme:

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o Land allocated for industrial, warehouse and business use along Bristol Road North, located between the River Parrett and the railway line and within the Bristol Road North: Development Brief and Design Principles area (see below).

o Land at West Bridgwater allocated for housing and education in Wembdon, located north and south of Quantock Road (A39).

o Land at East Bridgwater allocated for housing and education: located along Bower Lane and Dunwear Lane, between Sydenham and the M5.

. Bridgwater Vision (2015). This sets out the regeneration strategy for Bridgwater up to 2060, demonstrating how the town will meet the highest 21st Century aspirations of its people and businesses. It sets out ‘Town Centre’, ‘Local’ and ‘Strategic’ projects planned within the Bridgwater area over the short, medium and long-term, such as regeneration of the north east of the town and the creation of the ‘Celebration Mile’ proposed in the years leading up to the construction of the BTB Scheme. The BTB Scheme is identified as a strategic project within the Bridgwater Vision. The Bridgwater Vision was updated in 2015 and adopted as a material planning consideration by Sedgemoor District Council in December 2015.

The nearest Local transformational project to the BTB Scheme is the North East Bridgwater area, located on the opposite (east) side of Bristol Road and the railway line to the BTB Scheme. Outline planning consent to provide up to 2,000no. dwellings, commercial services centre, leisure and community facilities and primary school within this area was granted in July 2010 (planning reference 09/08/00017). Much of the development has subsequently been completed or is in the process of having reserved matters approved (refer also to Paragraph 19.4.3). The south end of the area currently comprises the Sedgemoor accommodation campus for Hinkley Point C construction staff.

Town Centre transformational projects have not been considered in this assessment because they do not directly interact with the BTB Scheme and the Bridgwater Vision anticipates that the majority of the proposals will be completed by 2022.

. Bristol Road North: Development Brief and Design Principles Part 1 & 2 (2015). Sedgemoor District Council has strategic ambitions for land either side of the A38 (Bristol Road) from Dunball to the north and the existing commercial development around Express Park to the south ('Bristol Road North'). This document comprises a development brief and design summary to establish the design principles and concepts within an over-arching framework to guide and assess future proposals for the site(s), providing certainty for land owners and developers on the potential for development as well as guiding decisions on planning applications. The larger parcels of land identified as being potential development sites have been allocated for industrial, warehouse and business use within the adopted Local Plan.

Large areas of the Bristol Road North area are already developed including Dunball Wharf and Industrial Estate and a temporary park and ride facility in the

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north-east section to support the construction of Hinkley Point C; these therefore form part of the baseline. A number of smaller-scale developments in the area have also received consent since the Development Brief was approved, including a workshop with offices, restaurant with drive-thru, petrol filling station and a small industrial unit; these are all anticipated to be completed and operational before construction of the BTB Scheme commences with no potential for significant interactions (see Appendix 19A). It is possible that additional land in the Bristol Road North area may be developed before the barrier is delivered, or during construction of the barrier; however, no information is known about such potential future developments and so they cannot be considered within this assessment.

19.3.2 The location of, or relevant components of, strategic plans relevant to identifying projects for the assessment of in-combination effects are illustrated in Figure 19.1.

19.4 Projects scoped in to the assessment

Hinkley Point C Projects

19.4.1 The following projects are related to the development of the Hinkley Point C Nuclear Generating Station. Although the main Hinkley Point C site is approximately 11km north west of the barrier site, the scale, nature and temporal and spatial extents of construction phase and operational effects means it has the potential to interact with the effects of the BTB Scheme. Some components of Hinkley Point C have already been completed or will be completed before BTB Scheme construction starts. The way that those have been considered in the EIA for the BTB Scheme is also discussed in the following paragraphs.

. Hinkley Point C Generating Station (Hinkley Point C (Nuclear Generating Station) Order 2013, S.l. 2013 No. 648, as amended): EDF Energy is building two new nuclear reactors at Hinkley Point C, on the coast approximately 11km north west of the proposed BTB Scheme. As well as the main construction site, there are ancillary developments associated with the project including an extension and upgrade to Combwich Wharf approximately 9.5 km downstream of the barrier site and adjoining the primary flood defence raising work at Combwich (see below); Park and Ride facilities; construction of temporary workers accommodation and transport improvements.

Construction of the Nuclear Generating Station is underway and is expected to continue through the anticipated construction period for the BTB Scheme. Therefore, construction and operation effects from the main generating site have potential to interact with the BTB Scheme and are considered in this assessment of in-combination effects.

The accommodation and Park and Ride facilities in the Bridgwater area are in operation (see also ‘Bridgwater Vision’ and ‘Bristol Road North’ in Section 19.3), and the Cannington western bypass and junction road improvements in Bridgwater have also been completed by EDF. These have been considered as part of the baseline environment for the BTB Scheme design and assessment.

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Combwich Wharf is already used to transport large loads to the Hinkley Site and has done since the 1960s. The Combwich Wharf refurbishment works are due to take place between summer 2019 and winter 2020 (EDF, 2019) and so will be completed before the BTB Scheme works start. It is also anticipated that the associated abnormal load (AIL) receiving facility, a laydown area to be located along the existing private access road to Dunball Wharf, will be completed at the same time to enable full use of the wharf. EDF has established a receiving area for any reptiles that need to be translocated to enable the wharf upgrade works; neither the proposed temporary or permanent BTB works will affect this area or other suitable reptile habitat at Combwich Wharf. Overall, Combwich Wharf refurbishment has been considered as part of the existing environment for the BTB Scheme design and assessment and so is not included in this in-combination assessment.

EDF are proposing to create a new riverside cycle route to connect Western Way (A39) to Express Park at Bristol Road in Bridgwater. This would broadly follow the route of the England Coast Path along the right bank of the River Parrett with connections to roads at either end. This would then create a cycle route between Bridgwater Docks and Express Park, in turn connecting to the coastal path/new cycle infrastructure at Express Parkway. The detailed route and delivery timescales are not confirmed, but the new cycle route would extend approximately 1.2km upstream from the southern boundary of Express Park. It is expected that this work will be completed by the time construction of the BTB Scheme commences and, depending on the chosen route, may require a temporary closure associated with the barrier construction works. This potential impact is considered as part of the effects of temporary closures to PRoW in Chapter 13 (Population and human health, Paragraphs 13.6.87 to 13.6.97). Overall, the cycleway has been considered as part of the existing environment for the BTB Scheme design and assessment and so is not included in this in-combination assessment.

. The Hinkley Point C Connection Project (The National Grid (Hinkley Point C Connection Project) Order 2016, S.l. 2016 No. 49, as corrected): This project is associated with the Hinkley Point C development and involves the construction of new, and modifying of existing, electricity connections between Bridgwater and Seabank across a distance of 57km, as well as modifications to existing overhead lines at Hinkley Point. All works between Bridgwater and Tickenham (36km NNE of the BTB Scheme) will be east of the M5, away from the River Parrett and Severn Estuary. Existing overhead lines will be removed along most of the corridor to be replaced by the new infrastructure, although not always on the same alignment. The works in the Bridgwater (Puriton Ridge) area will remove an existing overhead line between north of Woolavington and Dunwear but will add a new section of line between north of Woolavington and the existing Hinkley to Bridgwater 275kV overhead line at ‘Bridgwater Tee’, east of the M5 at Horsey Levels. Preliminary construction works have started and construction is expected to continue until 2025, therefore the project is included in this assessment. The Bridgwater area component is programmed to be completed in 2024 (National Grid, 2019).

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Other projects further than 2km from the BTB Scheme

19.4.2 The following other large-scale projects are located further than 2km from the BTB Scheme but have been identified as having potential to interact with the effects of the BTB Scheme, as described in the following paragraphs. Consideration of potential in- combination effects is therefore required.

. Land at former Royal Ordnance Factory (BAE Systems), Puriton (now known as Gravity) (planning reference: 42/13/00010): Outline application for an energy park with all matters reserved apart from the access road and full details of a storage building, granted permission in November 2017. The main site is located approximately 2.5km east of the proposed Pawlett flood defence works, and the project includes a new access road to the A39 just east of the M5 Junction 23 (see Figure 19.1). The Gravity site was designated as an Enterprise Zone in 2015, is identified as a local transformational project within Bridgwater Vision, and the new access road is included within the Sedgemoor Local Plan. Construction of the access road commenced in June 2019 and is anticipated to be completed by summer 2020 to enable on-site construction of the consented building to start. A reserved matters application for a ‘green bridge’ across the new road was approved in August 2019 (42/19/00014). It is anticipated that there will be phased development of the site over a period of approximately 20 years, consented via future reserved matters applications, meaning that ongoing development of the Gravity site is likely to take place during BTB Scheme construction and operation phases.

. River Parrett Water Injection Maintenance Dredging. This was originally scoped out of the BTB Scheme in-combination effects assessment at the EIA scoping stage as, although Water Injection Dredging (WID) trials were taking place, future dredging activities were unconfirmed. The Parrett Internal Drainage Board (IDB) is now expected to undertake annual WID on the River Parrett upstream of Bridgwater, with funding provided by the Somerset Rivers Authority, to maintain sections of river that were subject to capital dredges in 2014 and 2016. The Environment Agency has provided a protocol for the IDB to follow for a 5- year programme of annual maintenance in without causing environmental “harm” (as defined by Section 161A of the Water Resources Act 1991) or other breaches in environmental legislation (Environment Agency, 2018). The IDB and the Somerset Rivers Authority are planning further capital dredging upstream of Burrowbridge, to be completed before BTB Scheme construction starts, and WID is expected to be the main method of annual maintenance once that capital dredge has been completed. Overall, WID maintenance operations are now considered to be a permanent annual event along the Rivers Parrett and Tone.

The WID trials indicated that approximately 25,000 m3 of sediment was mobilised by dredging over approximately 9 consecutive spring ebb tides and there are anecdotal reports of increased deposition occurring in the vicinity of Dunball (downstream of the barrier) associated with this activity. Given the potential long- term frequency of the WID along the River Parrett and River Tone there is the potential for in-combination effects. WID is most effective on, and targeted for, high spring tides when the strong ebb tide is most effective at moving the

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disturbed sediment downstream. These are the tides on which a barrier closure is most likely to be required for flood risk management purposes. There is therefore potential for enhanced silt deposition at the barrier site should WID be carried out immediately prior to or during a barrier closure.

. Avonmouth Severnside Enterprise Area (ASEA) Ecology Mitigation and Flood Defence Project (South Gloucestershire Council ref PT18/2505/R3F; Bristol City Council ref: 18/02847/FB). This was originally scoped out at the EIA scoping stage as construction had been expected to be complete by 2020. South Gloucestershire Council and Bristol City Council are working together on this project to improve flood defences for the ASEA. The project is located approximately 44km north east from the proposed barrier site at its closest point and stretches along a 17km section of the Severn Estuary coastline. The project includes the creation of a minimum of 80 hectares of wetland habitat to mitigate for the effects of the flood defences and the improved surface water drainage required for the ASEA development area on the Severn Estuary European designated sites. Planning applications for the scheme were approved in April and May 2019. The construction of the project as a whole will take approximately 5 years (CH2M, 2018c). It is considered that the project could have pathways for effects on Natura 2000 designated sites and so could act in-combination with residual effects of the BTB Scheme to generate higher pressure on the qualifying features of those sites.

North East Bridgwater projects

19.4.3 The following projects are located within the North East Bridgwater ‘Bridgwater Vision’ area and are within the area of the previously approved North East Bridgwater site Outline Planning Application (09/08/00017). All these projects are within 2km of the BTB Scheme and meet the criteria for inclusion set out in Paragraphs 19.2.3 and 19.2.4. Consideration of potential in-combination effects is therefore required.

. Land off A38 Bristol Road and A39 Bath Road, Bridgwater (Parcel A, North East Bridgwater Phase 3) (planning reference: 09/18/00010): A reserved matters application for the development of 163no. dwellings was granted permission in October 2018. Construction commenced in spring 2019 but the anticipated completion date is not known and construction works could overlap with those for the BTB Scheme. The site is located approximately 0.5km east of Express Park.

. Land to the East of Kings Road, Bridgwater (planning reference 09/19/00001): Outline application with some matters reserved for the erection of 80no. dwellings. This application is currently under consideration having been submitted in January 2019. It is located on land east of King’s Road approximately 0.8km north east of Express Park. This application seeks to reconfigure the original outline consent which allocated this land parcel for employment use, prior to submitting reserved matters applications to confirm the details.

. Land to the West of Kings Road, Bridgwater (planning reference: 09/19/00004): Outline application with some reserved matters for a mixed-use development to provide up to 57no. dwellings and 450m2 of retail uses. This

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application is currently under consideration having been registered in February 2019. It is located west of Kings Road approximately 0.6km north east of Express Park. This application seeks to reconfigure the original outline consent which allocated this land parcel solely for commercial services, prior to submitting reserved matters applications to confirm the details.

. Land South of Little Sydenham Farm, Bridgwater (ref 09/19/00011): Application for the approval of reserved matters for the erection of 148no. dwellings with associated landscaping, parking/garages and infrastructure. It is located approximately 0.9km east of Express Park. The application was submitted in May 2019 and approval is pending; the construction timetable is not known.

Land at East Bridgwater projects

19.4.4 The following project is located within the ‘Land at East Bridgwater’ Sedgemoor Local Plan allocation area. The project is within 2km of the BTB Scheme and meets the criteria for inclusion set out in Paragraphs 19.2.3 and 19.2.4. Consideration of potential in-combination effects is therefore required.

. Land to South East of Bridgwater Community Hospital (planning reference: 09/18/00040): Hybrid application including full details for a Special Educational Needs School (to be called Poldon Bower school), play areas, surface water attenuation, noise bund, fences and parking and outline details for up to 38no. dwellings. Approval was granted in May 2019, with the school aiming to be open by the end of 2020. The construction timetable for the housing element is not known. The proposed scheme is located on Bower Lane on the outskirts of Bridgwater approximately 1.5km south east of Express Park. Whilst fewer than the threshold of 50 residential dwellings is proposed, the inclusion of a school has resulted in the project being scoped in.

The development is part of the Land at East Bridgwater allocation in the Local Plan 2011-2032, allocated to deliver about 1,200 new homes; improved road linking the A372 Westonzoyland Road and A38 Bath Road; upgrading of Bower Lane; a new primary school; neighbourhood centre, public open space; formal and informal recreation, and green infrastructure.

Land at West Bridgwater projects

19.4.5 The Land at West Bridgwater allocation in the Local Plan 2011-2032 is allocated to deliver about 1,200 new homes; a new primary school; a neighbourhood centre public open space; formal and informal recreation; green infrastructure; and, structural landscaping on the western boundaries. The following known projects within the allocation area meet the criteria for inclusion set out in Paragraphs 19.2.3 and 19.2.4. Consideration of potential in-combination effects is therefore required.

. Land at Cokerhurst Farm, Bridgwater (planning reference: 51/19/00003): Hybrid application including full details for the erection of 238no. dwellings and two new means of access onto the A39, and outline details for a further 437no. dwellings, neighbourhood centre (including retail uses and/or community uses)

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and primary school. The planning application is currently under consideration having been registered in March 2019. The proposed scheme is located 1.4km south of the proposed new secondary flood defences at Chilton Trinity. Construction is anticipated to start in 2020 and continue for approximately 10 years (Barton Wilmore, 2019).

. Land to the South of Quantock Road, Bridgwater (planning reference: 23/19/00002): Hybrid application including full details for the erection of 113no. dwellings, access off Quantock Road with associated infrastructure, landscaping and open space (phase 1), and outline details for the erection of up to 240no. residential dwellings with associated infrastructure, landscaping and open space (phase 2). The development is located 2.1km south of the proposed new secondary flood defences at Chilton Trinity and adjoins the Land at Cokerhurst Farm development. Therefore, despite being greater than 2km away from the BTB Scheme, it has been discussed together with the Land at Cokerhurst Farm development as they in effect comprise one large development.

Other projects

19.4.6 The following project is located within 2km of the BTB Scheme but does not form part of Local Plan land use allocations or existing outline planning consents. It meets the criteria for inclusion set out in Paragraphs 19.2.3 and 19.2.4 and consideration of potential in-combination effects is therefore required.

. Land North of Grange Farm, Cannington (planning reference: 13/18/00040): Outline application with some matters reserved, for the erection of up to 73no. dwellings and the formation of access. The planning application was approved in August 2019. It is located on land to the south of Cannington, just under 2km west of the proposed downstream flood defences at Chilton Trinity. The construction programme is not known, and no reserved matter applications have been submitted to date. However, it is possible that construction work could be taking place at the same time as BTB Scheme construction.

19.4.7 No other projects were identified by the competent authorities within their scoping responses during the EIA scoping stage. In-combination effects to Public Rights of Way (PRoWs), particularly the England Coast Path (ECP), were raised, due to ongoing closures and diversions due to Hinkley Point C, the potential for further closures and diversions from the Hinkley Point C Connection Project, and closures and diversions during construction of the BTB Scheme. These concerns have been taken into account when identifying potential pathways between the BTB Scheme and other projects when assessing in-combination effects.

19.4.8 Figure 19.1 illustrates the location of projects scoped in to the assessment of in- combination effects.

19.5 Projects scoped out of the assessment

19.5.1 The following projects were originally scoped in to the BTB Scheme in-combination effects assessment at the EIA scoping stage. Following a review of their status, they

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have now been scoped out of the in-combination effects assessment for the reasons explained below:

. Port of Bristol Deep Sea Container Terminal (the Port of Bristol (Deep Sea Container Terminal) Harbour Revision Order 2010; S.I. 2010 No. 2020): The Bristol Port Company has consent for construction of a Deep Sea Container Terminal at Avonmouth, approximately 45km north east of the proposed barrier site. Under the ‘Mitigation, Compensation and Monitoring Agreement’ for the approval, compensatory habitat must be created in advance of damage to the designated habitats at Avonmouth (The Bristol Port Company, 2011). The Steart Habitat Creation Scheme, a scheme to create around 190ha of intertidal transitional, freshwater and terrestrial habitats on the Steart Peninsula, approximately 7.5km north west from the proposed barrier site (2.5km north of Combwich), received planning permission from the relevant local planning authorities in 2012 (Somerset West and Taunton Council, reference 3/32/11/043) and 2013 (Sedgemoor District Council reference 47/12/00001). The proposed habitat creation area is adjacent to an extensive area of intertidal and freshwater habitat created by the Environment Agency.

However, the current Harbour Revision Order requires that works be complete by 31 August 2020, and the planning conditions for the Steart Habitat Creation Scheme state that permitted works must start prior to 1 September 2020. No work has been carried out to date and there is no evidence on public registers of documents having been submitted to discharge pre-commencement planning conditions for the Steart Habitat Creation Scheme. The Deep Sea Container Terminal development has been delayed due to a downturn in demand in the short term and The Bristol Port Company has applied to the Secretary of State for an extension of the period for completion of works until 31 August 2030 (The Bristol Port Company, 2019). This extension has not yet been granted, and the existing permissions for the Steart Habitat Creation Scheme would also need amending if the extension is granted. Given the age of the existing Environmental Statement (2011), it is expected that further baseline surveys and review of assessment findings and mitigation measures would be needed; this is in line with Condition 2 of the Steart Habitat Creation Scheme planning permissions which states that if the development “is not commenced within 5 years of the date of this permission updated ecological surveys and mitigation programme shall be submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority prior to the approved development commencing”. Overall, at the time of preparing this assessment (December 2019), the Port of Bristol does not have permissions to carry out works on the Deep Sea Container Terminal after 2020, meaning there is currently no potential for in-combination effects with the BTB Scheme. If an extension is granted, then the revised baseline, assessment and mitigation proposals to deliver the proposals would need to take the BTB Scheme into account.

. Springwood Fishery (The Sanctuary), Chilton Trinity (planning reference: 20/18/00001): This application for a low-intensity use recreational fishing lake with associated facilities was granted permission in April 2018 and construction work started that year. The new fishery (The Sanctuary) forms an extension to an

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existing business, also located within Chilton Trinity but not adjacent to the application site. The north and east boundaries of the project are immediately adjacent to the proposed downstream secondary flood defences north east of Chilton Trinity and to potential borrow pits. The fishing lake works will not remove any hedgerows or ditches in addition to those affected by the BTB Scheme (see Chapter 9, Biodiversity). The project is anticipated to be operational by the time construction of the BTB Scheme commences in 2022, and there is potential for the BTB Scheme to use material generated from excavating the fishing and stocking lakes for the Chilton Trinity flood defence works. Given the above, the project has been scoped out of the in-combination effects assessment and instead considered as part of the baseline for the BTB Scheme design and assessment.

19.5.2 The following projects were scoped out of the BTB Scheme in-combination effects assessment at the EIA scoping stage. Following a review of their status, they remain scoped out:

. Taunton Strategic Flood Alleviations Improvements Scheme: This is a joint project between the Environment Agency and Taunton Deane Borough Council, with its purpose to reduce flood risk to the town from the River Tone and to enable regeneration. During the EIA scoping stage, the project was anticipated to be constructed during 2020/21. However, the delivery programme has since altered, and whilst some smaller elements of the scheme may be constructed within the next 10 years, larger elements (e.g. a potential storage reservoir at Bradford on Tone) may not be constructed for another 30 years. The project remains scoped out of the assessment of in-combination effects due to it being approximately 15km south west of the BTB Scheme and that the local interventions options that could be delivered in the short term will not affect downstream flood water levels and so will not directly interact with the BTB Scheme. It is therefore considered that there are no pathways present that could result in significant in-combination effects. The potential effects of future large interventions, including acting with the operational BTB Scheme, would need to be assessed as part of developing those projects.

. Future raising and strengthening of existing River Parrett flood defences: In accordance with the Parrett Estuary Flood Risk Management Strategy (PEFRMS) (Environment Agency, 2010), the existing flood defences may need to be raised and strengthened in the future in line with sea level rise. Details about the locations, scale and programme of these potential works are not known at this stage, but no works are planned before the completion of the BTB Scheme and so there is no potential for in-combination effects during construction. Any projects to raise and strengthen defences along the River Parrett developed after completion of the BTB Scheme will be subject to their own environmental assessment as part of Environment Agency procedures, and works that would give rise to likely significant effects would be subject to their own EIA, which will need to take into account the BTB Scheme operation.

. River Sowy / Kings Sedgemoor Drain Capacity Enhancements: Schemes to enhance the capacity of the River Sowy and Kings Sedgemoor Drain. Desilting

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 13

works along the Kings Sedgemoor Drain are complete and the remainder of any works must be completed by 2021 due to funding constraints. The project includes works to structures that maintain minimum water levels on the designated moors to ensure that they can continue to be managed for the qualifying species of the Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site. There will be no change to the baseline conditions and the works will be complete before construction commences on the BTB Scheme. There is no potential for in-combination effects.

. Colley Lane Southern Access Road: Somerset County Council has planning permission for the Colley Lane Southern Access Road (CLSAR) project, located approximately 3.3km south of the barrier site at its closest point. The proposals form an integral part of the Bridgwater Transport Strategy Review developed by Somerset County Council in partnership with Sedgemoor District Council and provide a link for heavy goods vehicles to gain access to the Colley Lane Industrial Estate, from Junction 24 of the M5 motorway (Somerset County Council, 2015a). The project is located in the south east of Bridgwater and involves the construction of a new road, new carriageway junctions and bridges over the River Parrett and Bridgwater to Taunton Canal, widening and realignment of existing highway and provision of pedestrian and cyclist facilities. Construction has commenced and the current programme is for completion in 2020, so the expectation is that work will be complete by the time construction of the BTB Scheme commences. No in-combination effects from simultaneous construction-phases are therefore anticipated. The CLSAR bridge design allows passage of otter along the River Parrett and canal and includes fencing to deter otter from trying to cross the road; the project includes landscape planting along the river and canal to mitigate for effects of habitat change on otter, water vole and bats along the watercourse corridors; and includes directional lighting (Somerset County Council, 2015a,b, and design plans referenced within). As such, no residual operational effects on ecology are predicted. The completed CLSAR does not offer any viable alternative routes for BTB Scheme construction traffic to access the M5, and so does not alter predictions of network use by BTB Scheme construction traffic (see also Chapter 16, Traffic and Transport). As set out in paragraph 19.2.12, a precautionary approach to setting future baseline traffic to account for projected traffic growth up to the start of construction is already used in the Transport Assessment for the BTB Scheme (Appendix 16A). Overall, there is no potential for in-combination effects.

19.6 Assessment of in-combination effects

Assessment of effects

19.6.1 Table 19.1 sets out the assessment of in-combination effects. Where a potential in- combination effect was assessed as not generating an effect of greater significance than the residual effect of the BTB Scheme, this is recorded in Table 19.1 as “No change from assessment of BTB Scheme acting alone”. Where an in-combination effect that resulted in a greater level of significance was identified, the significance of the in-combination effect before and after potential mitigation is set out, based on the

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 14

same criteria described in Chapter 7 (Environmental assessment methodology). Where the effects of the BTB Scheme alone are already considered to be Moderate or Major (i.e. ‘Significant’), this is also described.

19.6.2 Table 19.1 demonstrates that the following project and resulting changes to the environment has the potential to result in in-combination effects of a greater significance than the BTB Scheme acting alone:

. River Parrett Water Injection Maintenance Dredging (WID). Continued maintenance dredging using water injection could interact with barrier operations to generate greater magnitudes of effect on sediment transport/deposition and channel morphology. This in turn could result in a greater magnitude of effects on navigation due to greater changes to channel bed levels and channel width.

Mitigation

19.6.3 To reduce as much as possible the potential for in-combination effects on sediment transport/deposition, channel morphology and navigation, the WID protocol provided by the Environment Agency to the Parrett Internal Drainage Board (IDB) will be revised before the BTB Scheme becomes operational. The revised protocol will be informed by ongoing monitoring (refer to the Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Estuary Monitoring Plan, Appendix 8D of this ES), and discussion with the IDB, but is expected to state that WID cannot be carried out on the tidal cycle preceding or at the same time as any barrier closures (operational or maintenance). The Environment Agency will keep the IDB informed of planned or predicted barrier closures. This will prevent interactions between WID and barrier operation exacerbating any effects on sediment transport and deposition.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 15

Table 19.1 Assessment of in-combination effects

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Hinkley Point C projects (see Paragraph 19.4.1 for scoping of these projects) Hinkley Point C 6km north Biodiversity – temporary disturbance Biodiversity – temporary disturbance (migratory fish): HPC will generate noise and vibration No change from (HPC) main site west from (migratory fish): HPC estuarine works disturbance during works in the Severn Estuary, some of which could coincide with the BTB Scheme in- assessment of BTB (nuclear reactors) Combwich causing disturbance at the same time river construction period. However, HPC works are located on a wide section of the Bristol Channel and Scheme acting alone primary flood as BTB Scheme in-river works, more than 7km from the mouth of the River Parrett. Therefore, although it is possible that some individual

defences. generating a greater barrier to fish could be affected by disturbance from both projects, the likelihood and scale of potential interactions at movement. a population level is not sufficient to generate an in-combination effect of greater significance than has 11km north been assessed for the BTB Scheme alone. west from Biodiversity - permanent effects on Biodiversity - permanent effects on migratory fish: There is potential for the HPC cooling water intake No change from barrier site. migratory fish that form part of same to cause harm to fish over its 60-year operational life, including migratory populations that use the River assessment of BTB Severn Estuary SAC populations Parrett. HPC includes measures to minimise entrapment risk including an intake design that always Scheme acting alone (mortality and migration). maintains low intake velocity and a fish recovery and return system (EDF, 2011). However, there remains

potential for HPC to add to pressures on migratory fish populations and to act in-combination with any potential effects from BTB Scheme operation. The BTB Scheme has potential to result in short delays to upstream movement of migratory fish (European eel, Atlantic salmon, sea trout) during barrier closure. Delays for each closure are predicted to be up to 6 hrs for salmonids (i.e. until the barrier reopens (see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity), Paragraph 9.7.342), and up 12.5 hours for glass eels (i.e. until the next flood tide (see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity), Paragraph 9.7.331). The period of delay for glass eels could be longer if the barrier is closed on consecutive flood tides. Although delays to some individuals at the barrier itself cannot be avoided (assessed as a low magnitude of effect), with the BTB Scheme mitigation to improve upstream fish passage no significant effects on the overall abundance of European eels within the Parrett and Tone catchments, or on the River Tone Atlantic salmon or sea trout populations, are expected as a result of BTB Scheme operation over the 100-year project lifetime (see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity), Paragraphs 9.7.322 to 9.7.364). Furthermore, the period of operation of the HPC cooling water intake will only overlap with the first 60 years of BTB Scheme operation, when closures are less frequent. As the abundance of European eel, Atlantic salmon and sea trout are not predicted to change as a result of the BTB Scheme, the BTB Scheme will not act in-combination with HPC to increase the pressure upon migratory fish populations caused by HPC. HPC will also not affect the ability to implement BTB Scheme mitigation measures. Overall, no in-combination effect is predicted. Biodiversity: temporary disturbance Biodiversity – temporary disturbance (migrating and over-wintering birds): Construction at HPC No change from effects to individual birds that form part could disturb wintering and passage waterbirds that are part of SPA populations. Although noise and visual assessment of BTB of same SPA / SAC populations of disturbance from the BTB Scheme and HPC schemes will not directly interact, it is possible that different Scheme acting alone over-wintering bird species (Severn areas of habitat used by birds that are part of SPA populations will be disturbed by the two developments

Estuary, Somerset Levels and Moors). in the same season(s); this potentially limits the alternative habitat available for any displaced birds. However, only small numbers have been recorded close to the HPC development site (EDF, 2011) and

only low numbers of birds were found to use habitats potentially disturbed by the BTB Scheme (see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity) Paragraph 9.6.71). This, the fact only one section of BTB Scheme downstream flood defences will be worked on each year (see Chapter 6 (Proposed scheme), Section 6.3), and the availability of suitable habitats along the River Parrett downstream of the barrier site and east of HPC, including Steart Marshes, means that any birds that are disturbed are unlikely to move between the BTB Scheme and HPC areas to find alternative foraging and roosting habitat. Therefore, there is negligible (continued) potential for in-combination effects.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 16

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Hinkley Point C Biodiversity: Changed extent of Biodiversity: The temporary and permanent loss of functional supporting habitats (habitats outside the No change from (HPC) main site Severn Estuary SPA functional SPA boundary but used by SPA qualifying features) from the BTB Scheme could happen at the same time assessment of BTB (nuclear reactors) supporting habitats. as effects on habitats at HPC, generating in-combination effects on SPA migrating and overwintering birds. Scheme acting alone However, the areas of habitat affected by the two developments are not connected and so there will not be

(continued) a combined effect on habitat availability in areas local to the developments; for the BTB Scheme only one of the three areas of downstream flood defence works will be affected each year; and, there is wide availability of arable and grassland habitats along the estuary edges. Given this, the likelihood and scale of potential interactions at a population level is not sufficient to generate an in-combination effect of greater significance than assessed for the BTB Scheme alone Water and hydromorphology Water and hydromorphology (sediment transport/deposition): The effects of HPC (e.g. temporary No change from (sediment transport/deposition): jetty, installation and operation of intake and outfall structures, new sea wall) on sediment transport, assessment of BTB Changes to sediment movement within coastal hydrodynamics and/or coastal geomorphology are predicted to be localised around the HPC site Scheme acting alone the Bristol Channel interacting with and are not predicted to have any discernible effect on the hydrodynamics and coastal geomorphology of

effects from operation of the tidal the inner Bristol Channel (EDF, 2011). Therefore, there is no potential for in-combination effects with the barrier to result in a greater magnitude changes to the sediment transport regime along the River Parrett from operation of the BTB Scheme. of change in channel morphology and bed sediment. Population and human health: Effects Population and human health (PRoW): Neither the BTB Scheme nor the HPC development will affect No change from on PRoW that are components of the completion or long-term use of the England Coast Path; both projects include for permanent diversions assessment of BTB England Coast Path. where necessary, for example along the new sea wall at HPC and around the BTB Scheme barrier Scheme acting alone. structure. The temporary PRoW closures and diversions needed for BTB Scheme construction are likely

to coincide with ongoing closures and diversions at HPC. However, given the distance between HPC and the BTB Scheme, it is considered that the combined effects on the PRoW network will not alter the significance of effects from the BTB Scheme alone. Note: The effect of multiple temporary closures within the PRoW network during BTB Scheme construction is already assessed as Moderate significance (see Chapter 13, Population and human health) Hinkley Point C 1.2km east of Biodiversity: temporary disturbance Biodiversity – temporary disturbance (migrating and over-wintering birds): Construction of the No change from Connection Project Chilton Trinity effects to individuals that form part of Hinkley Point C Connection Project could disturb a small number of SPA species of birds during works in assessment of BTB primary flood same SPA populations of migrating and the Avonmouth area either side of the River Avon and works close to waterbodies in Portbury Wharf Scheme acting alone defence works, over-wintering bird species (Severn (National Grid, 2014). The habitats affected by those works are located more than 40km north west from

at connection Estuary, Somerset Levels and Moors). the BTB Scheme, with no other construction disturbance effects on migrating or wintering birds predicted to existing from the Hinkley Point C Connection Project. However, although the effects of noise and visual disturbance

overhead lines from the two schemes will not directly interact due to the distance between affected habitats, it is possible on the east that different areas of habitat used by birds that are part of SPA populations will be being disturbed by the side of the M5. BTB Scheme and Hinkley Connection Project in the same season(s); this potentially limits the alternative habitat available for any displaced birds. However, the low numbers of birds found to use habitats The project potentially disturbed by the BTB Scheme (see Chapter 9, Biodiversity), the fact only one section of BTB extends for Scheme downstream defences will be worked on each year (see Chapter 6, Proposed scheme), and the 57km between availability of suitable habitats along the River Parrett downstream of the barrier site, including Steart Bridgwater and Marshes, means that any birds disturbed by BTB Scheme are unlikely to need to move as far as the Seabank, as Avonmouth area to find foraging and roosting habitat. Therefore, there is negligible potential for in- well as some combination effects. works at (continued) Hinkley Point.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 17

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Hinkley Point C Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity – effects on same populations of protected species: The new power line between Connection Project populations of protected species. Bridgwater and Seabank was assessed as having the following residual effects on protected species (National Grid, 2014) that could also be affected by the BTB Scheme: (continued)  Badger: Closure and disturbance of some setts and temporary medium-term loss and fragmentation of foraging habitat during construction (medium magnitude) until replacement habitat establishes.  Water vole: Medium-term temporary loss, fragmentation and disturbance of habitat during construction (medium magnitude), until ditch habitat has been reinstated and vegetation established.  Otter: Medium-term temporary loss of ditch habitat to culverts and bridges (multiple short stretches) and short-term loss to cable ducts from construction. Short term temporary habitat loss, fragmentation, disturbance and risk of harm during installation and removal of two water crossings for construction (low magnitude). Potential disturbance effects principally relate to the works between Nailsea and Stone-edge Batch, around 33km from BTB Scheme works.  Great crested newt: No ponds affected. Permanent loss of short sections of ditch, temporary loss of some non-breeding ditches from construction, and temporary medium-term loss and fragmentation of terrestrial habitat across the work area from construction (medium magnitude) until reinstated habitat establishes.  Reptiles: habitat loss and severance from construction in the medium term (medium magnitude), but planting will compensate for losses in the long term once it has established.  Breeding farmland birds: Temporary medium-term loss or degradation of breeding or feeding habitat, and disturbance, during construction (medium magnitude). Most habitats will revert to previous condition post construction, but some trees and dense vegetation will be permanently lost. Replacement hedgerow planting could reverse effects in the long-term.  Bats: Temporary medium-term loss / severance of commuting habitat and loss / degradation of foraging habitat during construction, with some permanent loss of woodland habitat across Tickenham Ridge (medium magnitude, lower for some species). Use of temporary flyways and grassland management reduces effects during construction, and replacement alternative and additional habitat mitigates effects in the long term, but medium magnitude effects will remain in the medium-term until planting has become established. Horseshoe bats are the exception, with effects on these species predicted to be neutral with the proposed construction phase mitigation.  Badger, water vole great The Hinkley Connection works are on the other side of the railway line and the M5 from the BTB Scheme, No change from crested newt and reptiles so there is already fragmentation of habitats and barriers to movement between the schemes for badger, assessment of BTB water vole, great crested newt and reptiles. This means the two developments are very unlikely to affect Scheme acting alone the same populations of these species and so in-combination effects are not expected to occur.

 Otter The main areas of potential construction disturbance to otters from the Hinkley Connection are around No change from 33km from BTB Scheme, no long-term effects are predicted from the Hinkley Connection project once assessment of BTB habitats have re-established, and the Hinkley Connection project will not interact with barrier operation to Scheme acting alone generate a greater magnitude of effect on otter passage. Therefore, it is very unlikely that the same

populations of otters will be affected by the BTB Scheme and the Hinkley Connection construction works, (continued) and so no in-combination effects are predicted.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 18

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Hinkley Point C  Breeding birds The temporary reductions in breeding and foraging habitat from the BTB Scheme and Hinkley Connection No change from Connection Project project could coincide, resulting in a greater combined temporary reduction in available habitat in the short assessment of BTB to medium term. However, the areas of habitat affected by the two developments are not connected and so Scheme acting alone (continued) there will not be a combined effect on habitat availability in areas local to the developments. The scale of

combined temporary losses is not considered to be great enough in the context of habitat availability in the overall landscape to increase the magnitude of predicted effect.  Bat species The temporary reductions in commuting and foraging habitat from the BTB Scheme and Hinkley No change from Connection project could coincide, resulting in a greater combined temporary reduction in available habitat assessment of BTB in the short to medium term. However, the presence of the M5 and railway line between the Hinkley Scheme acting alone Connection project and the BTB Scheme means there are no intact commuting corridors (e.g. hedgerows)

between the developments that could be used by greater and lesser horseshoe bats, Myotis sp. or long- eared bats, meaning the schemes will not act in-combination to result in greater fragmentation of current commuting routes for those species. The assessment of the BTB Scheme alone already assigns the impact on foraging bats as Moderate significance for temporary effects, and Major significance for the loss of hedgerow habitat in one particular area (barbastelle and Myotis species; see Chapter 9, Biodiversity). The in-combination effects will not be of sufficient magnitude to increase the significance of these effects. Note: the temporary and permanent loss of bat foraging habitat from the BTB Scheme is already assessed as Moderate and Major significance for some BTB Scheme components (see Chapter 9, Biodiversity) Visual amenity: Addition of multiple Visual amenity: The existing Hinkley to Bridgwater 275kV overhead line passes through the BTB No change from new features to the landscape; addition Scheme in-combination effects study area, crossing the River Parrett approximately 1km north of the assessment of BTB of multiple new features to views. barrier site and then over the M5. This existing line, and therefore the BTB Scheme interaction with it, will Scheme acting alone not be changed by the Hinkley Connect scheme. Users of public recreation areas and properties that will

be able see both the existing power line and the tidal barrier, for example in Chilton Trinity, will have very limited sight of the new Hinkley Connect power line to be built east of the M5. From the M5, the new overhead line will extend to the north east. Users of PRoW on Puriton Hill, the north- western section of the Polden Hills and in areas around Bradney may be able to see both developments from some viewpoints (see Chapter 11, Visual amenity), and some properties in Dunball, Puriton and Knowle may be able to see both developments in the same view. However, the distance between the tidal barrier and these receptors, and the setting of the barrier within an industrialised area, means that the barrier will not form a strong visual feature in the landscape for those receptors. Therefore, although the new power line will affect visual amenity (National Grid, 2014), it will not interact with the barrier in a way that would change the assessment of effects for the BTB Scheme. Population and human health: Effects Population and human health (PRoW): The Hinkley Connect Project will not result in any permanent No change from on PRoW that are components of the changes to PRoW, but PRoW crossings will be managed during construction. The majority of the Hinkley assessment of BTB England Coast Path. Connect Project is east of the M5, not along the River Parrett or Severn Estuary, and so will not affect Scheme acting alone components of the River Parrett Trail or England Coast Path. The potential exceptions are at the northern end near Portishead, and around Hinkley Point C itself, where temporary diversions on coastal zone footpaths could be needed at the same time as diversions along the River Parrett for the BTB Scheme. However, the temporary nature of the effects and distance between the schemes means the effects of the Hinkley Connection Project will not interact sufficiently with those of the BTB Scheme to generate a greater magnitude or duration of effect on users of PRoW through the River Parrett corridor.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 19

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Other large-scale projects Land at former Main site Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity: The Gravity scheme is predicted to affect existing badger, water vole, great crested newt No change from Royal Ordnance 2.5km east of populations of protected species. and reptile populations. No evidence of otter was recorded within the application site during surveys to assessment of BTB Factory (BAE Express Park support the application (BAE Systems, 2013). Individual water vole, great crested newt and reptile are to Scheme acting alone

Systems), Puriton be relocated, under licence, where necessary. However, given that the Gravity and BTB Schemes are

(now known as New access physically separated by the M5 and the railway line, the two developments are very unlikely to affect the Gravity) road 1.7km same populations of these species. The Gravity scheme will also affect existing bat roosting and foraging (Sedgemoor east of habitat. However, there are no intact commuting corridors (e.g. hedgerows) between the developments District Council: Express Park that could be used by greater and lesser horseshoe bats, Myotis sp. or long-eared bats, meaning the planning reference schemes will not act in-combination to result in greater fragmentation of current commuting routes, and 42/13/00010) there is also likely to be limited connectivity between affected populations of these species.

Note: the temporary and permanent loss of bat foraging habitat from the BTB Scheme is already assessed as Moderate and Major significance for some BTB Scheme components (see Chapter 9, Biodiversity) Landscape and visual amenity: Landscape and visual amenity: The main landscape and visual amenity effects of the Gravity scheme No change from Addition of multiple new features to the are predicted to be around Puriton and Polden Hills, and the new access road includes for a bund to assessment of BTB landscape; addition of multiple new screen the road and a 12m wide belt of structure planting. However, the proposed tidal barrier will not be Scheme acting alone features to views. visible in the same viewshed as the Gravity site from residential properties in Puriton, Knowle or Polden

Hills. Properties in Huntspill may be able to see both developments, but these are all at least 5km from the tidal barrier and so, although the top of the barrier may be visible from some locations, the barrier will not be a strong feature in the landscape (see Chapter 11, Visual amenity). Overall, the potential for significant in-combination effects on visual amenity is negligible. Gravity is separated from the BTB Scheme and the River Parrett by the well-developed M5 / railway line corridor that runs through and north of Bridgwater and will not interact with the residual effects of the BTB Scheme on river corridor character (see Chapter 10, Landscape character). River Parrett Various Water and hydromorphology: Sediment transport/deposition: Operation of the barrier will affect sediment movement when the barrier Without mitigation: Water Injection locations on Potential for operation of the BTB is closed, potentially resulting in increased sediment deposition around the barrier site and downstream Increase to Moderate Maintenance River Parrett Scheme and water injection dredging to channel areas. Water Injection Dredging (WID) is typically carried out during spring tides, when tidal before 2055, High Dredging (WID) upstream of coincide, resulting in greater changes to influence in the River Parrett upstream of Bridgwater is at its maximum, enabling sediment to be after 2055 Bridgwater patterns of sediment transported downstream and out into the Severn Estuary on the ebb tide, although it is possible that some transport/deposition affecting channel mobilised sediment will deposit on the channel bed before reaching the Severn Estuary. There is potential morphology and bed material. for the two projects to act in-combination to result in greater changes to sediment transport/deposition and With mitigation greater effects on channel morphology. This is particularly so if WID and barrier operation were to coincide (revised WID on the same sequence of spring tides, reducing the ability for tides to flush out mobilised sediment. Without protocol): mitigation, this in-combination effect could result in a greater magnitude of sediment deposition and channel morphology change than barrier operation alone, e.g. from Low to Moderate magnitude before Same as assessment 2055, from Moderate to High magnitude after 2055 (Chapter 8 (Water and geomorphology), Table 8.5.). of BTB Scheme acting alone: Low To reduce as much as possible the potential for in-combination effects on sediment regime, the WID before 2055, protocol provided by the Environment Agency to the Parrett Internal Drainage Board (IDB) will be revised Moderate after 2055 before the BTB Scheme becomes operational, informed by ongoing monitoring (refer to the Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Estuary Monitoring Plan, Appendix 8D of this ES), and discussion with the IDB, but is expected to state that WID cannot be carried out on the tidal cycle preceding or at the same time as any barrier closures (operational or maintenance). The Environment Agency will inform the IDB of planned or

predicted barrier closures.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 20

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects River Parrett Navigation: Potential for combined Navigation: The in-combination changes to sediment transport and deposition described above could Without mitigation: Water Injection effects on changes to the sediment result in a greater impact on bed levels and channel width, and therefore a greater potential impact on Increase to High Maintenance regime to affect bed levels and channel navigability of the River Parrett. Without mitigation, the in-combination effect could result in a greater With mitigation Dredging (WID) width and affect the ability to navigate magnitude of effect on navigation than the barrier operation alone, e.g. from Moderate to High magnitude (revised WID along the River Parrett. (see Chapter 14, Navigation). As described for ‘water and hydromorphology’ above, the current WID protocol): (continued) protocol will be updated before barrier operation starts. With the revised WID protocol, the magnitude of in-

combination effect on navigation will be unchanged from the barrier operation alone. Same as assessment of BTB Scheme acting alone: Moderate Avonmouth 44km north Biodiversity: Changed extent or Biodiversity – habitat extent: A key component of the ASEA Project is to provide seasonal freshwater No change from Severnside east from tidal quality of Severn Estuary SPA wetland and open water habitat to replace habitat affected by improving estuary flood defences and assessment of Enterprise Area barrier site at supporting and functional habitat. development of the Enterprise Area. The proposed design will deliver a greater habitat area than the BTBScheme acting (ASEA) Ecology closest point minimum requirement that had been identified previously (CH2M, 2018c). It is therefore reasonable to alone Mitigation and assume that the ASEA project will not have any residual effects on SPA supporting and functional habitat;

Flood Defence as such there is no potential for in-combination effects. Project (South Biodiversity: temporary disturbance Biodiversity – temporary disturbance (migrating and over-wintering birds): The ASEA Project ES No change from Gloucestershire effects to individuals that form part of sets out measures to minimise the effects of construction disturbance on migrating and over-wintering assessment of BTB Council ref same SPA populations of mobile birds but does not propose a complete over-winter works restriction (CH2M, 2018c). The same is true for Scheme acting alone PT18/2505/R3F; migrating and over-wintering bird the BTB Scheme especially at the barrier site, where some piling will be needed over winter. Bristol City Council species (Severn Estuary, Somerset ref: 18/02847/FB). Levels and Moors). Although noise and visual disturbance from the two schemes will not directly interact, it is possible that different areas of habitat used by birds that are part of SPA populations will be being disturbed by the two

projects in the same season(s); this potentially limits the alternative habitat available for any displaced birds. However, the low numbers of birds found to use habitats potentially disturbed by the BTB Scheme (see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity) Paragraph 9.6.71), the fact only one section of downstream flood defences will be worked on each year (see Chapter 6 (Proposed scheme), Section 6.3), and the availability of suitable habitats along the River Parrett downstream of the barrier site, including Steart Marshes, means that any birds disturbed by the BTB Scheme are unlikely to need to move as far as the ASEA Project area to find alternative foraging and roosting habitat. Therefore, there is negligible potential for in-combination effects.

Biodiversity: temporary disturbance Biodiversity – temporary disturbance (fish): No works within the River Severn / Severn Estuary No change from effects to individuals that form part of watercourse are proposed by the ASEA Project; all works are on the landward side of existing flood assessment of BTB the same SAC populations of mobile defences meaning there will be no temporary disturbance effects to fish. Therefore, there is no potential for Scheme acting alone species (Severn Estuary). in-combination effects between the BTB Scheme and the ASEA Project.

Population and human health: Effects Population and human health (PRoW): Both the BTB Scheme and ASEA Project will require temporary No change from on PRoW that are components of the PRoW closures and diversions for construction, and some permanent diversions to accommodate new assessment of BTB England Coast Path. flood defence infrastructure. Given the distance between the works, temporary PRoW closures and Scheme acting alone diversions for the BTB Scheme (along the River Parrett Trail) will not interact with those needed for the

ASEA Project (along the existing Severn Trail) to generate a greater magnitude or duration of effect on users of PRoW. Neither scheme will affect completion or long-term use of the England Coast Path. Therefore, there is no potential for in-combination effects.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 21

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects North East Bridgwater projects (effects considered together as are within the same land allocation) Land off A38 0.5km east of Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity: The ecology reports available for these projects identify that measures will be needed to No change from Bristol Road and Express Park populations of protected species. mitigate potential effects on local populations of great crested newt (09/19/00001) and water vole assessment of BTB A39 Bath Road, (09/18/00010). However, the projects are on the other side of the railway line and Bristol Road from the Scheme acting alone

Bridgwater BTB Scheme, meaning the developments are very unlikely to affect the same populations of these

(09/18/00010) species. In general, habitats in the North East Bridgwater project sites are fragmented and of low ecological value, including for bats, in part because of the existing developments that have taken place Land to the East of 0.8km north around these project sites as part of the delivering the strategic North East Bridgwater development. Kings Road, east of Overall, the potential for connectivity between residual effects is negligible.

Bridgwater Express Park (09/19/00001) Land to the West 0.6km north Visual amenity: Addition of multiple Visual amenity: The projects are predominantly for housing development, with some retail space, set No change from of Kings Road, east of new features to views within existing housing and business developments between the M5 and the River Parrett. Although these assessment of BTB Bridgwater Express Park ‘infill’ developments will increase the intensity of urban use in these areas (as has been planned by Scheme acting alone (09/19/00004) Sedgemoor District Council), given the existing situation they will not act in-combination with the tidal barrier to generate a different type or scale of effect on visual amenity for existing residents or users of Land South of Little public space in these areas than is assessed when considering the BTB Scheme alone. Sydenham Farm, 0.9km east of Landscape character: Addition of Landscape character: Given the existing urban nature of development east of the River Parrett, the No change from Bridgwater Express Park multiple new features to the landscape proposed development will not interact with the residual effects of the BTB Scheme on river corridor assessment of BTB (09/19/00011) affecting river corridor character character. Scheme acting alone Land at East Bridgwater projects Land to the South 1.5km south Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity: The only protected species confirmed as using the site are bats, dominated by commuting No change from East of Bridgwater east of populations of protected species. and foraging Pipistrelle species, although noctules were also observed foraging. Only occasional records assessment of BTB Community Express Park of other bat species were found, with no horseshoe or barbastelle bats recorded. Although mainly Scheme acting alone

Hospital, Bower improved grassland, the site does provide areas of potentially suitable habitat for other species including

Lane, Bridgwater badger, reptiles, water vole, otter and nesting birds along its boundaries. However, the design retains (09/18/00040) existing hedgerow and rhyne features, includes for a sensitive lighting design and includes habitat planting connected to the existing rhyne and boundary habitats. In addition, the development site is separated from the BTB Scheme by existing housing and commercial developments, the railway line and the A39 Bristol Road. Overall, the potential for connectivity between residual effects of the BTB Scheme and the proposed East of Bridgwater development is negligible. Visual amenity: Addition of multiple Landscape and visual amenity: The development site, and the whole of the Land at East Bridgwater No change from new features to views. allocation, is located on a strip of land that follows the east boundary of the existing extensive residential assessment of BTB area of Sydenham, bounded by the M5. The proposals therefore fit within the existing scale, landform and Scheme acting alone pattern of its surroundings. Although the development will increase the intensity of urban use in this area

(as planned by Sedgemoor District Council), given the existing situation it will not act in-combination with the tidal barrier to generate a different type or scale of effect on visual amenity for existing residents or users of public space in these areas than is assessed when considering the BTB Scheme acting alone. Landscape character: Addition of Landscape character: Given the existing urban nature of development east of the River Parrett, the No change from multiple new features to the landscape development will not interact with the residual effects of the BTB Scheme on river corridor character (see assessment of BTB affecting river corridor character also Chapter 10, Landscape character). Scheme acting alone

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 22

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Land at West Bridgwater projects (effects considered together as are within the same land allocation) Land at Cokerhurst 1.4km south of Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity: Construction of the West of Bridgwater projects has the potential to result in disturbance and Farm, Bridgwater Chilton Trinity populations of protected species. displacement of badgers, birds, reptiles and dormouse, and the existing site is used by foraging and (51/19/00003) secondary dispersing bats. This included low numbers of barbastelle and horseshoe species, although most of these

defences records were associated with habitats adjacent to but not within the site.

Land to the South 2.1km south of Neither of the West of Bridgwater projects are predicted to have any effects on great crested newt, otter or of Quantock Road, Chilton Trinity water vole. The proposals include retaining hedgerows around and through the sites where possible, Bridgwater secondary replacement hedgerow planting for those removed, and other habitat planting and green corridors through (23/19/00002) defences the sites including and linked to known foraging areas to provide mitigation. Apart from the B3339, there is habitat connectivity via open fields and hedgerows between the western extent of the Land at Cokerhurst Farm application site and BTB Scheme primary and secondary flood defence works west of Chilton Trinity and at Combwich. The A39 may provide a greater existing barrier between the Land to the South of Quantock Road site and the BTB Scheme components.

 Badger Residual effects of the BTB Scheme on badger are limited to a very low level of temporary noise and No change from vibration disturbance during construction; given the nature of the BTB Scheme effects and the distance assessment of BTB between the BTB Scheme and West of Bridgwater developments, there will not be any in-combination Scheme acting alone effects on badger.

 Dormouse Dormice were concluded as likely to be present in low numbers in the Land to the South of Quantock Road No change from development area but were concluded to be absent from the Land at Cokerhurst Farm. The ES for the assessment of BTB Land to the South of Quantock Road suggests that individuals using the site at Quantock Road are Scheme acting alone members of the Quantock Hills population (to the south west) inhabiting semi-optimum habitat at the edge of its range (engain, 2019).

For the BTB Scheme, a biological records search found no records of dormice within 1km of the works and the habitat in the scheme area is generally considered sub-optimal for them due to the lack of woodland, general species-poor hedgerows, and risk of winter flooding; dormice were therefore considered likely absent from the scheme area and scoped out of the EIA. The habitat in which dormice were found at Quantock Road is more than 2km from the BTB Scheme and on the other side of the A39 from all BTB Scheme works. Given that dormouse have dispersal distance of approximately 1km, and the sub-optimal habitat between Quantock Road and the BTB Scheme, it remains highly unlikely that dormice are found within the BTB Scheme area and therefore there is no mechanism for an in-combination effect.

 Breeding birds and reptiles Residual effects of the BTB Scheme on breeding birds and reptiles comprise minor adverse effects in the No change from short-medium term due to the temporary loss of grassland and hedgerows until replacement planting has assessment of BTB established (no long-term effects are predicted). These temporary effects could happen at the same time Scheme acting alone as habitat losses from the Land at West Bridgwater projects (these schemes also include mitigation planting that will need to mature, as well as measure such as bird box features within new houses), resulting in a greater combined temporary reduction in available habitat in the short to medium term. However, the scale of combined temporary losses is not considered to be great enough in the context of habitat availability in the overall landscape to increase the magnitude of predicted effect of the BTB (continued) Scheme alone.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 23

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Land at West  Bat species Both the BTB Scheme and the West of Bridgwater projects will impact habitats used by commuting and No change from Bridgwater projects foraging bats, including Annex II species. Although the habitats affected by the developments are at least assessment of BTB 1.4km apart, there is potential for combined effects on bat use and foraging availability across the Scheme acting alone. (continued) landscape between Wembdon and the River Parrett, particularly until the BTB Scheme replacement

planting has matured.

For commuting routes, the land at the West of Bridgwater projects is in effect a ‘terminal’ area, with movement through it to other habitats already limited by housing developments to the south and east, and to a lesser extent to the north. Therefore, the effects of the BTB Scheme alone on commuting bats are unchanged.

For foraging bats, even with the mitigation, the effects of the BTB Scheme and West of Bridgwater projects on the foraging resource will temporally overlap, resulting in an in-combination effect. However, the assessment of the BTB Scheme alone already assigns this impact as Moderate significance for temporary effects, and Major significance for the loss of hedgerow habitat in one particular area (barbastelle and Myotis species; see Chapter 9 (Biodiversity)). The in-combination effects will not be of sufficient magnitude to increase the significance of these effects.

Note: the temporary loss of bat foraging habitat from the BTB Scheme, and the permanent loss of foraging habitat for certain species, are already assessed as being of Moderate and Major significance

Visual amenity: Addition of multiple Visual amenity: The Land at West Bridgwater proposals form an extension of the existing residential area No change from new features to views. at Wembdon, with existing housing to the north, east and south of the project area. For users of PRoW and assessment of BTB public space to the north east of Wembdon, and for most existing properties in Wembdon, the new housing Scheme acting alone development will not be in the same viewshed as the barrier site so there will not be in-combination effects.

For users of the PRoW that run parallel to the east boundary of the Land at West Bridgwater application sites, the barrier site will only be able to be seen from limited viewpoints from a distance of around 3km and with extensive housing in between, resulting in only negligible effects on visual amenity (see Chapter 11, Visual amenity). The new housing will directly affect views from those PRoW, but the contribution of the barrier to the overall change in existing visual amenity will remain negligible. For users of PRoW north of the B3339, and for some properties on this road, the new housing and the barrier may be in the same view from some locations.

For users of the PRoW north of the B3339, and for some residential properties along this road, both the new housing development and the barrier may be able to be seen from some locations, although not necessarily within the same view. However, the new residential developments include planting proposals around the boundaries and the contribution of the barrier to the overall change in existing visual amenity

will remain negligible.

Landscape character: Addition of Landscape character: Given the distance between the Land at West Bridgwater projects and the barrier No change from multiple new features to the landscape site, and the extensive and near-continuous development that already exists between the two project assessment of BTB affecting river corridor character areas, the proposals do not have any potential to interact with the residual effects of the BTB Scheme on Scheme acting alone river corridor character.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 24

Project Distance from Potential pathways for interaction Assessment of effects Significance of in- BTB Scheme with residual effects of BTB Scheme combination effects Other projects Land north of 1.9km west of Biodiversity: Effects on the same Biodiversity: The development has the potential to have minor localised impacts on bats from removal of No change from Grange Farm, Chilton Trinity populations of protected species. a short section of hedgerow to create a new access from the A39, and light disturbance potentially assessment of BTB Cannington secondary affecting foraging bats using open habitats east of the town. However, the hedgerow is a short, isolated Scheme acting alone

(Sedgemoor defences section on a roundabout that does not connect to hedgerows affected by the BTB Scheme. Light District Council: disturbance from the new housing will not interact with lighting from the tidal barrier operation due to the planning reference distance between developments. 13/18/00040) Visual amenity: Addition of multiple Visual amenity: The tidal barrier is predicted to be visible from PRoW east of Cannington, and from some No change from new features to views properties on the east boundary of the town (see Chapter 11, Visual amenity). The new housing at Grange assessment of BTB Farm will be south or south-west of those PRoW and properties, and so will not be in the same views or Scheme acting alone add to the change. The potential exception is a PRoW that runs approximately parallel with the southern boundary of the Grange farm application site. However, the barrier is not predicted to be visible from most of the length of this path, and so the contribution of the barrier to change in visual amenity to this PRoW will be negligible.

Landscape character: Addition of Landscape character: The new housing is an extension to an existing residential area that is not adjacent No change from multiple new features to the landscape to the River Parrett and is almost 4km from the barrier site. Therefore, it will not interact with the residual assessment of BTB affecting river corridor character effects of the BTB Scheme on river corridor character (see also Chapter 10, Landscape character). Scheme acting alone

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 25

19.7 Uncertainties

19.7.1 The assessment reported in this chapter is based solely on information that is currently in the public domain and there are therefore some uncertainties, for example, which projects will be completed prior to the construction of the BTB Scheme, those that will have over-lapping construction programmes and those that will not commence until after the works have been completed. In order to complete the assessment of in-combination effects it is assumed that information currently in the public domain is correct.

19.8 Summary

19.8.1 This chapter identifies whether the residual effects of the BTB Scheme could interact with the residual effects of other known projects, and then assesses whether those interactions could generate in-combination effects of a greater magnitude or significance than those anticipated to arise from the BTB Scheme alone. Where such in-combination effects are identified, the assessment considers whether the BTB Scheme design amendments or other mitigation measures are needed to reduce effects to an acceptable level.

19.8.2 Projects with potential to generate tangible in-combination effects with the BTB Scheme were identified through review of approved spatial plans; interrogation of Sedgemoor District Council’s online planning application register, the Marine Management Organisation’s public register and National Infrastructure Planning portal; consultation with Environment Agency and Sedgemoor District Council technical specialists; and, via the EIA scoping process.

19.8.3 Pathways by which receptors have potential to be affected by the residual effects of each of the identified projects as well as those of the BTB Scheme were identified. The likelihood of measurable interactions, and the magnitude of any resultant in- combination effects, were considered in more detail to identify whether there could be in-combination effects of a greater magnitude or significance than those of the BTB Scheme alone.

19.8.4 The assessment concluded that only one other known project has potential to interact with the BTB Scheme to generate in-combination effects of a greater significance than has been assessed for the BTB Scheme acting alone; the River Parrett Water Injection Maintenance Dredging (WID). With a revised WID protocol provided by the Environment Agency to the Parrett Internal Drainage Board to state when WID can be carried out in relation to planned barrier operations, residual in-combination effects on sediment transport/deposition, channel morphology and navigation would be the same significance as for the BTB Scheme acting alone.

Bridgwater Tidal Barrier Environmental Statement 19- 26 LEGEND: BRIDGWATER TIDAL BARRIER SCHEME:

STUDY AREA

LOW SPOTS RAISED IN PRIMARY FLOOD DEFENCES

NEW SECONDARY FLOOD DEFENCE

RAISED PRIMARY FLOOD DEFENCE

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LAND ALLOCATED FOR HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

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