SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC SYSTEM MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN ENVIRONMENTAL TOURISM TO INCREASE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN

Dedeh Maryani The Institute of Public Administration (IPDN) [email protected]

Abstract Pangandaran as a new autonomous region has a great potential in tourism, such as Pantai Pangandaran, Cagar Alam Pananjung, Pantai Batu Hiu, Pantai Batu Karas, Pantai Madasari, Green Canyon, Citumang. Therefore, this vision of Pangandaran is: “Pangandaran in 2025 became a worldwide tourism district, a place to stay safe and comfortable based on religious norms”. In Pantai Pananjung tourism, there are many things remaining to be managed. They are road infrastructure and other facilities such as garbage management, street vendors and parking arrangement.To realize this vision, it is necessary to create a model that is most appropriate to develop tourism through the development of green tourism. Therefore, the authors conduct research on “Simulation Model Dynamic Systems Development of Sustainable Tourism to boost economic growth in Pangan- daran”. The Objective of this research are the development of Pangandaran Tourism Zone conducted by Tourism Agency of Pangandaran Regency, the recent environment con- dition of coastal attraction of Pangandaran; the economy growth of the people in Pangandaran Coastal in the last three years; Dynamic system model of the develop- ment of coastal attraction of Pangandaran need to be applied by The government of Pangandaran Regency;. The result shows that the development of tourism of Pantai Pangandaran is influ- enced by socio- economic conditions and the environment and the ability of finan- cial resources. They have implications for economic growth. Socio-economic factors such as national and local Budget investment and the 3rd parties to conduct the de- velopment of sustainable tourism. It means that the cooperation must be conducted among the Government, the Local Government and the third party to allow eligibil- ity financially to carry out sustainable development. However, sustainable tourism development is inseparable from the preservation of the environment. Therefore, the construction is obliged to implement the environmental analysis that is capable in overcoming garbage as the impact of increasing population and a number of visitors. Therefore, the pollution of air, soil and water can be prevented. Further- more, an increase in investment, the productivity of agriculture, industry and service sectors increased will increase people’s income and foreign exchange area and the GDP as well as the ability of curbing inflation and ultimately to increase regional economic growth. Keywords: dynamic system, tourism, green environmental, economic growth

33 WIDYAPRAJA Volume 43/No. 1/Oktober 2017 : 33 – 44

INTRODUCTION in making Pangandaran as a sustainable tourism area. In fact. the management of Pangandaran Regency is decided green tourism development is done by as the centre of tourism development of all work units unintegratedly rather than Province West . It will develop if all by the specific work unit causing work supporting sectors handled maxmimally. overlapping among work units in Regency The commitment of The Government Pangandaran. Therefore, the regulation of Province to create on Spatial and Zona Arrangement Plan in Pangandaran Regency as the centre of Pangandaran for the comfort and beauty of tourism development absolutely should be the tourism area must be realize soon. They supported by all stakeholders. are location arrangement for street vendors, However, the government of Province the improvement of infrastructures, etc. It West Java still have obstacles to be solved means that the authorithy must consider such as road, trash handling, street vendors, the zone arrangement providing space parking arrangement, etc. In order to for street vendors, fishing boats, tourism create a good tourism, re-operating Banjar boats, restaurants, hotel, and other public – Pangandaran – Cijulang train track idea services. should be consider optimally. At this time, the road conditions are still much damaged The Objectives and the repairing process is still ongoing. The objectives of this research are as The discourse to re-operate the tourist train the following: should also be supported by all parties. It 1. The development of Pangandaran means that many things must be repaired Tourism Zone conducted by Tourism to realize the plan. Agency of Pangandaran Regency; The effort to create Pangandaran as 2. The recent environment condition of tourism area should be supported by good coastal attraction of Pangandaran; public services. It is important for the 3. The economy growth of the people in improvement of the public service quality Pangandaran Coastal in the last three is a key to make Pangandaran as a tourism years; city in Jawa Barat realize. 4. Dynamic system model of the Pangandaran should be designed development of coastal attraction of to be a sustainable tourism area by Pangandaran need to be applied by The giving consideration to environment government of Pangandaran Regency; sustainability. It will works if the 5. to determine the conditions and authority involve the people to preserve characteristics of the place within it. Planting Mangrove in Bulak Setra is the next 10 years oriented to social, a part of Sustainable Tourism through economic and environmental. Energy Efficiency with Adaptation and Mitigation Measures” (STREAM) The Development of Green Tourism program obtaining the grant from World Tourism Organization to revitalize Tourism is the need of all human Pangandaran after tsunami disaster. An being entire the world. Once the increase accurate spatial is also an important thing of the welfare and prosperity of a nation in

34 Simulation of Dynamic System Model in .... (Dedeh Maryani) economy, the man nature will appear to do policy instrument in completing the travelling to avoid routinity for a while in change to boost economy growth that can order to obtain the balance, harmony and be made in development and resource- happiness of their life (Gamal Suwantoro, based industrialization strategy option, 1997). Oka A Youti (2010:37) argue that particularly in coastal and marine resource tourism is a journey for pleasure. While, management. It is important especially in Macintosh (1995: 55) in Oka Yoeti (2010) line people empowerment effort in order said that tourism is a number of symptoms to support autonomy issues and overcome and relationships that arise, interaction a prolonged national economy crisis. One among tourist, companies providing of tourism object which can be developed services for tourist, and the government in Provine West Java is Pangandaran and people as the host in attracting and particularly coastal resource as the national servicing tourist process. asset that is not arrange optimally yet. According to Ngafenan in Karyono The development of tourism is a (1997: 27), tourism object is all kind sustainable process to do matching and of object which may the tourist visit adjustment between the available supply to the attraction things such as beauty and demand of tourism to achieve the scenary, historical bulding, culture and target (Nuryanti, 1994). Meanwhile, the other modern recreation centers. Gamal development of tourism potency is the Suwantoro (1997: 3) argue that it is effort to enhance the resources of a tourism the process of temporary journey of an area by mean of build both physical and individual or group to other places. The unphysical development of tourism system impulse to go is caused by of all kind of in order to improve productivity. their interests such as economy, social, The development of tourism area is culture, politic, religion, healthy or just for an alternative expected to be able to back seeking experiencies or learning. up the economy potency and preserving Based on the definitions above, the effort. Ramli (2007) argued that the government need to conduct tourism development of tourism area done by re- development that could increase public arrange the potensial and natural resources welfare as their commitment in creating altogether. The next step, it is developed a good quality public services. This can the arrangement model of green-oriented be done by conducting green tourisn tourism area. Moreover, Ramli said that development. It should create multy the development of good tourism area positive effect such as providing tourism need the following requirements: public services and increasing public 1. Selection toward Potensial is conducted welfare without damaging environment. to select and decide what and where In order to create green developments the tourism area to be developed in which tourism development is one according to the budget amount; of them, we need the plan in adjusting 2. The evaluation of ptensial location future tourism development. It will works toward area, this job need the if there is paradigm change from import consideration of possible conflict substitution industry into resource based among the respective administration industry strategy. However, we need areas;

35 WIDYAPRAJA Volume 43/No. 1/Oktober 2017 : 33 – 44

3. The measurement of potensial distance one sympthon or one problem by applying is conducted to obtain information on the concept and the principal of ecology. distance among potensial which need According to Gamal Suwantoro, map of tourism area potency. (1997), the basic factor of tourism The development of tourism should development is attraction potensial owned consider geographical and environmental by the tourism object referring to the approaches. According to Bintarto, success of the development that include geographical scope comprise of: a. physical of the following various feasibility: 1). scope that contain topological aspect Financial feasibility: this feasibility is (location, wideness, shape and boundary), about the commercial measurement of physical aspects (land, climate, water), the tourism development. The estimation biotical aspects (human being, animal, of profit and loss should be estimated plant); b. non-physical scope that comprise from the beginning. 2). The feasibility of of social aspects (tradition, custom, group, regional sosio economy’ this feasibility community), economy aspects (trading, conducted to know whether the investation industry, plantation, transportation), to develop a tourism object will have sosio cultural aspects (education, religion, economy impact regionally or not, able to culture). create jobs or not, able to increase foreign exchange earning or not, able to increase Geographycal approach according revenue from other sector or not/. 3). The to Bintarto devided into: a. spatial feasibility of environment, the analysis of approach, spatial approach is a method environmental impact is able to be used as of atypical geographical approach. In the a reference of the development activity of implementation, this approach should tourism object. follow the valid geographical principals. Those principals are deployment, THE CONCEPT OF REGIONAL interrelation and description principals. ECOCOMY Geographical approach comprise of topic human activity and regional approaches, Economy is a research about individu b. ecological approach, geography and and community to make a choice wit or ecology are two different science field. without money by using limited resourches Geography discuss about the interrelation but they are able to be used in ways to of human being life and the physical factor produce goods and services and distribute which make spatial system connecting a them for today and future comsumcy region with other regions. While ecology, need to indiividuals and groups (Sukirno, particularly ecology and ecosystem. 1994:9). The concept of those science fields is It can be concluded that local economy different. However, in the implementation, is an economic situation in a region by the similarity of the discussed object, considering some indicators from the those science fields have correlation. local economy. This will show description Ecologycal approach is a methodology for on the different of public welfare in one approaching, researching and analyzing to another region. As Tarigan (2006:13)

36 Simulation of Dynamic System Model in .... (Dedeh Maryani) said that the objective of economy is build Factors effecting regional economy prosperity. While the development of local are regional potensials owned by the area. economy indicator is prosperity shown According to Piter Abdullah (2002) regional by income. Moreover, Tarigan (2006:13) potensial is regional competitiveness argued that regional revenue is the level of shown by regional economy, financial the income of the community in the region system, infrastructures and nature or region of analysis. The income level resources, science and technology, human resources, institutionals, governance and can be measured from the total revenue of governmental policy, management and the region as well as the average income of micro economy. the community in the region. Tarigan (2006:13) describe some The Concept of Dynamic System Model concepts of regional income or revenue Wirabhuana on Widodo (2010) said that as the following: (1). Gross Regional dynamic system mothod is a methodology Domestic Product (GRDP) based on market to understand various complex problems. price, (2). Net Regional Domestic Product This is learning problems by point of view (NRDP) based on market price, (3). NRDP system which is the lements of the system based on factor cost, (4). Income, (5) interact each other within feed back Regional income based on Current Pricing relationship in order to produce a certain and at Constant Prices, (6) income per behavior. The interactions in this structure capita. While Piter Abdullah (2002: 102) are translated into mathematical models said that regional economy can be shown which are then simulated with computer by the following 22 indicators: (1). GRDP, help to obtain historical behavior. While (2) economic growth rate, (3) GRDP per Iphop Kumala Sriwarna (2005) argued capita, (4). Per capita GRDP growth rate, that dinamic system is a method to (5). Income distribution, (6). Domestic strengthen leraning in complex system. investation, (7). Domestic investation % Dinamic system model is often built and toward GRDP, (8). Investation growth rate, used to represent, analyze, and explain (9). Saving, (10). Saving % toward GRDP, dinamica from complex system. Then she (11). Saving growth rate, (12). Household said that dynamica or system behavior can consumption expenditure per capita, (13). be described by its structure and its parts. Household consumption per capita growth rate, (14). Government consumption The main objective of dynamic expenditure, (15). Government system is to comprehend how this consumption expenditure growth rate, behavior produced by using qualitative (16). Agriculture sector productivity, (17). and quantitative models. In this case, Agriculture sector productivity growth dynamic system analyze problem from rate, (18). Industry sector productivity, system point of view in which those (19). Industry sector productivity growth elements interact one to another within a rate, (20). Service sector productivity, feed back relationship in order to produce (21). Service sector productivity growth a certain behavior. Interaction in this rate, (22). Inflation rate. structure translated into mathematical

37 WIDYAPRAJA Volume 43/No. 1/Oktober 2017 : 33 – 44 models afterward computerized simulated certain dynamic problems. Model is an to obtain its historical behavior. Dynamic imitation and simple form of system system structure is a close system. representing characteristic of the real Environmental factor affect toward system. Model is used for simplify us system is possible to occur and this in leraning real system behavior. Model external change is considered as exogen developing by dynamic system have the variabel. Iphov Kumala Sriwarna (2005) following characteristic: said that the following are basic concepts 1. Describing causal relationship of the of dynamic system: 1. Closed scope, 2. system; Feed back loop as the basic component of system, 3. Level and rate, 4. Conditions 2. Simple mathematical equation; to be achieved, real condition, and the 3. Synonim with industry, economy, different of the conditions to be achieved social global nomenclature; and the real conditions. 4. Be able to involve a various variables; While Tasrip in Aminuddin (2014) 5. Be able to produce a sustainable argued that there are four basics in changes if it is necessary. establishing dynamic system, information This simulation system modeling made feed back theory, the process of making as a tool in solving real world including decision, experimental approach in system activity plan, and as operation research analysis and digital computer. tool as well as system analysis for make To simplify how to sistematicaly complex decision and the unpredictable thinking, dynamic system structure is future posiblity. simplified into loop causal diagram. The In general, model established to logic is the process (rate) as the cause that forecasting or policy drafting. Dynamic produces the state/level as a result or vice model emphasize on process. Different versa. After forming the element of cause with static model, dynamic model and effect, then it can be determined the approach is deduvtive and able to discard type of effect caused by the cause that the weaknesses in assumptions made is when direction (+), opposite direction in order to obtain the agreements of the (-). Positive blame has acceleration or assumptions. slowing behavior Negative negals have behavior toward the target or limit. There This model emphasize to the change are two types of targets, the target to process from one to other situation (Tasrif explicit (> 0) and the target to implicit on Noor Saman and Wahid (1998). While (near zero). Muhammad et al (2001) argued that there are three alternative can be used Simulation System Modeling in establishing dynamic model as the following: Model defined as a decription of a 1. Verbal; limited system. This limited system is a system that comprise of all concepts and 2. Visual; variables which have correlation with 3. Mathematicaly

38 Simulation of Dynamic System Model in .... (Dedeh Maryani)

METHOD Environment Agency, Agricultural This research is conducted by Agency, Industry and commerce Agency, applying dynamic system simulation to Education Agency, Public Health Agency, know the condition and characteristic the Transportation Agency, ICT Agency., tourism area within the next 10 years as community and tourists. While the sample well as oriented to social, economy and of this research as the following: environmental aspects. 1. The apparatus determined purposively, ie from each agency, For the Local This research analyze two interrelated Plan Agency is the Head and all Head variables, green tourism development and of Division Programs, for the Sub- economy growth variables. According district is Head of Sub-district and to Sumantoro (1997), dimensions and Head of Government Section; indicator of green tourism development variables are as the following: (1). 2. Tourism proprietors are stratified Financial feasibility, (2). 2). Sosio randomly from: hotel, restaurant, economy feasibility 3). The feasibility communications, and souvenir of environment. Financial feasibility owners; shown by these indicators: a. commercial 3. Street vendors; measurement of tourism development, 4. Community figures living in b. profit and loos estimation; while socio Pangandaran area determined economy shown by: a. investation, b. randomly; regionaly socio economy impact (able to 5. Foreign and domestic tourists who provide job, foreign exchange revenue, accidentaly came to Pangandaran other sector revenues); and environmental tourism area. feasibility: environmental impact analysis (physical and non-physical). Quesionaires spreading, interview Economy development indicator used and reference research are used as data in this research refer to Pieter Abdullah collecting technique. (2005), but only 10 indicators because of The stages of dynamic system limited time and expense. The 10 indicators analysis: modeling and simulation using are as the following: (1). Economy growth powersim program and validation test rate, (2). GRDP per capita, (3). Domestic using Microsoft excel. While the outline investation, (4).saving, (5). Household of problem solving stages by using consumption expenditure per capita, (6). dynamic system approach in this research Governmental consumption expenditure, as the following: model formulation; (7). Agriculture sector productivity, (8). simulation and model validation; policy Industrial sector productivity, (9). Sercive analysis. sector productivity, (10). Inflation rate. The dynamic system model of green The population is all stakeholders who tourism development in icreasing economy get involved in green tourism development, growth in tourism area of Pangandaran Tourism Agency, Public Work Agency, discussed by Wirabuana on Widodo and Cleanliness and landscaping agency, Tasrif shown in Figure 1.

39 Quesionaires spreading, interview and reference research are used as data collecting technique. The stages of dynamic system analysis: modeling and simulation using powersim program and validation test using Microsoft excel. While the outline of problem solving stages by using dynamic system approach in this research as the following: model formulation; simulation and model validation; policy analysis. WIDYAPRAJA VolumeThe 43/No. dynamic 1/Oktober system 2017model : 33of –green 44 tourism development in icreasing economy growth in tourism area of Pangandaran discussed by Wirabuana on Widodo and Tasrif shown in Figure 1

Social GRDP Domestic Saving Household constExpenditure Economi per capita investation per capita

Governance cost Expenditure

Finance Economy Growth Agriculture Sector Rate Productivity

environment

industry sector service sector inflation rate productivity productivity

Figur 1 The Dynamic System ModelFigur of Green 1 Tourism Development Wirabuana on Widodo and Tasrif The Dynamic System Model of Green Tourism Development (Source: Wirabuana on Widodo and Tasrif)

Result

RESULT Based on data processing by using powersim program, dynamic system model of the development of Panganndaran Tourism area that is necessary to be applied by Based on datathe Government processing of Pangandaran by using Regency powersim is as shown bprogram,y Figure 2. dynamic system model of

the development of Panganndaran Tourism area that is necessary to be applied by the Government of Pangandaran Regency is as shown by Figure 2.

Lapangan Pekerjaan Pendapatan Kelanjutan Pemda + Pembangunan + + Kelayakan Kerjasama Pemda Finansial dan PemPusat - - Kerjasama Pihak ke 3 Pelaksanaan AMDAL Berkelanjutan + Ruang Terbuka + Investasi Pihak + + - - Terciptanya - ke 3 Pembangunan + Dampak Lapangan Pekerjaan + Sosial - Pariwisata di Lingkungan Penanggulangan - Ekonomi Pangandaran + Sampah + + + Pencemaran Air + Pencemaran Peningkatan Investasi dari Udara Devisa APBN/APBD Investasi Pengusaha Pendapatan dan Masy Pemda dan Masy Pencemaran Tanah + + Pemenuhan + Kebutuhan Masy + + Laju Pertumbuhan Peningkatan Laju Ekonomi Peningkatan + + Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kebutuhan Pemerintah + +

Produktivitas Sektor Jasa Penurunan Laju Peningkatan PDRB Inflasi Produktivitas Produktivitas Industri Pertanian

FigureFigure 22 TheThe Dynamic Dynamic System System Model Modelof Green of Tourism Green Area Tourism Development Area ofDeve Pantailopment Pananjung of Pangandaran,Pantai Pangandaran regency Pananjung Pangandaran, Pangandaran regency

40 Figure 2 shows that dynamic system model of the development of green tourism in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran area are as follows: 1. The success of the development of tourism area in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran is affected by the following factors: a. financial feasibility for the development of ideal tourism area; b. the social economy of the community living around Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran; c. The economy growth of the community living around Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran; d. manangement of good environmental impact. It also shows that financial feasibility positively affected to the development of tourism area. It means that the development of an ideal tourism area should fully handled and good designed. If in one period the budget is not sufficient, the development should be designed for some periods until it accomplished, for instance it is designed for five year budgeting. Figure 2 describe that the influence of environmental impact on the development of tourism area is negative. It means that if the environment of the tourism area does not manage well, the development of tourism area doesn not work. Therefore, the design of environmental impact analysis should be made seriously by considering all aspects affecting the environment of tourism area. The development of tourism area should be along with environmental development in each period. It needs change of mindset of the community realizing that any activities of their life in economy, culture and other developments need to have environmental awareness. They must take place to preserve the environment. The development of social economy conducted by the government and community living in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran should be able to attract tourists to visit to the tourism area. Figure 2 shows that the influence of social economy is positive toward the development of tourism area. The good social Simulation of Dynamic System Model in .... (Dedeh Maryani)

Figure 2 shows that dynamic system to have environmental awareness. model of the development of green tourism They must take place to preserve the in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran area are environment. as follows: The development of social economy 1. The success of the development of conducted by the government and tourism area in Pantai Pananjung community living in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran is affected by the Pangandaran should be able to attract following factors: a. financial tourists to visit to the tourism area. feasibility for the development of ideal Figure 2 shows that the influence of tourism area; b. the social economy of social economy is positive toward the community living around Pantai the development of tourism area. The Pananjung Pangandaran; c. The good social economy will support the economy growth of the community development of tourism area. The living around Pantai Pananjung increase of economy growth shown by Pangandaran; d. manangement of investors in providing public services good environmental impact. for tourists such as hotel, restaurant, It also shows that financial feasibility communication facility, souvenir etc positively affected to the development will provide employment. Therefore, of tourism area. It means that the the community living in tourism area development of an ideal tourism are able to increase their income and area should fully handled and good they are able to pay their tax which is designed. If in one period the budget a source of income of the government is not sufficient, the development and eventually the development of should be designed for some periods tourism area will run well. The more until it accomplished, for instance it is economy grow, the more positive of designed for five year budgeting. GRDP growth and the more tourism area developed. Figure 2 describe that the influence of environmental impact on the 2. Figure 2 shows that financial feasibility development of tourism area is negative. for developing tourism area affected It means that if the environment of the by the following factors: a. regional tourism area does not manage well, revenue, b. cooperation between local the development of tourism area doesn and central government, c. cooperation not work. Therefore, the design of with private sector, d. availability of environmental impact analysis should employment. be made seriously by considering all Figure 2 describe regional income aspects affecting the environment affect positively toward financial of tourism area. The development of feasibility to develop tourism area of tourism area should be along with Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran. The environmental development in each higher regional income, the higher period. It needs change of mindset regional income allocation for the of the community realizing that any development budget of tourism area. activities of their life in economy, The higher budget of tourism area culture and other developments need development, the better development

41 WIDYAPRAJA Volume 43/No. 1/Oktober 2017 : 33 – 44

of tourism area. The limited budget of by giving him sanction such as revoke central and local government should be his business license. solved by private sector participation in providing public services to 4. Figure 2 tells that the rate of economic support the development of tourism growth can affect the successful area. One more important thing is the development of tourism in Pantai government coaching to continue to Pananjung Pangandaran which is facilitate the community to increase influenced by some factors: a. Local employment that will greatly affect the government and community revenue; implementation of the development of b. Investment of entreupreneurs tourism area runs well. and communities; c. the increase in economic growth rate; d. the increase 3. Figure 2 shows that environmental of GRDP; e. Agricultural productivity; impact for the continuity of tourism c. Industry productivity; g. Service area development will affected by sector productivity; h. Decrease some factors such as: a. outdoor, b. soil in inflation rate; i. the Increase of pollution, c. air pollution, d. trash and government needs and j. Fulfillment environmental impact management. of community needs. Figure 2 shows that open space as Figure 2 shows that if government human needs for oxygen demand revenue and community income for health, then the percentage of increase, it will have a positive effect its availability must be fullfilled. on economic growth. Similarly, Likewise, soil contamination, water increased investment of entrepreneurs and air pollution due to household and and society will affect the growth of industry waste need to be overcame economic growth. In addition, the in such a way that it does not rate of economic growth also will pollute to an unacceptable threshold. affect economic growth. The rate of Garbage problem from upstream to economic growth is also marked by downstream should be sought a more an increase in GRDP that will affect practical and useful innovation as economic growth. Economic growth well as to educate the community to is determined by potential growth be used to love of hygiene and their in the region including the potential environment. Therefore, in every of agriculture, industry and services activity of their life, they always keep sector. Therefore, the sectors must the environment clean and throw be nurtured by the government and garbage in the right place. Besides, developed by the work units which honesty culture and responsibility has the main tasks and functions in work must be developed among in those sectors. Furthermore, if the apparatus, so that the apparatus economic growth increases, it will who has the task of examining every be able to suppress inflation rate. The waste generator that can pollute the development of human life will also environment is firmly enforced. If affect the increase of government there is an entrepreuner who break the budgetary needs to run the wheels rules must be responsible for his false of government and implement other

42 Simulation of Dynamic System Model in .... (Dedeh Maryani)

functions such as development, influenced by socio- economic conditions service and community empowerment and the environment and the ability of so that society will more independent financial resources. They have implications and able to meet their own needs. for economic growth. Socio-economic factors such as national and local Budget 5. Based on Figure 2, it can be explained investment and the 3rd parties to conduct that the socio-economic can affect the the development of sustainable tourism. successful development of tourism It means that the cooperation must be around Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran conducted among the Government, the which is influenced by the following Local Government and the third party factors: a. investment local/national to allow eligibility financially to carry budget; b. Third party investments; c. out sustainable development. However, the increase of foreign exchange; d. sustainable tourism development is employment and e. implementation of inseparable from the preservation of the sustainability. environment. Therefore, the construction Figure 2 defined that the increasing of is obliged to implement the environmental local and national budget will affect analysis that is capable in overcoming to the stability of social economy garbage as the impact of increasing development. Moreover, the private population and a number of visitors. sector investation will affect public Therefore, the pollution of air, soil and social economy for it is able to water can be prevented. Furthermore, an provide employment. Therefore increase in investment, the productivity of the availability of employment will agriculture, industry and service sectors reduce urbanization. The higher increased will increase people’s income ability of the community, the more and foreign exchange area and the GDP as the source of regional income increas well as the ability of curbing inflation and that eventually affect the blessing of ultimately to increase regional economic foreign exchange and it will return to growth. the community for the implementation The simulation of dynamic system of socio-economic development of the model of green tourism area development community. is affected by social economy and environmwntal impact variables. Economy CONCLUSION growth variable are be able to be applied The result shows that the development as a model in the development of tourism of tourism of Pantai Pangandaran is area in Pantai Pananjung Pangandaran.

REFERRENCES Asyiwati, Y. (2002). Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik dalam Penataan Ruang Wilayah Pesisir (Studi Kasus Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi DIY; Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian ; Bogor. Daalen,V, and W.A.H, Thissen. (2001). Dynamics System Modelling Continuous Models, Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management (TBM); Technische Universitiet Delft.

43 WIDYAPRAJA Volume 43/No. 1/Oktober 2017 : 33 – 44

Eriyatno. (1999). Ilmu Sistem, Meningkatkan Mutu dan Efektivitas Manajemen; IPB Press. Bogor. Forrester, J.W. (1968) Principles of Systems; Wright-Allen Press, Inc. Massachusetts. Hartrisari H. (2001). Bahan Kuliah Analisis Sistem dan Pemodelan dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan (Tidak Dipublikasi); Program Pascasarjana SPL-IPB. Bogor. High Performance Systems, Inc. (1994). Introduction to Systems Thinking and I- Think. High Performance Systems, Inc; Hanover. Kusumastanto, T. (1995). Investasi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan; Kompas. Jakarta. Meadows, D.H; D.L. Meadows; J. Randers; W.W. Behrens IH. (1972). The Limits to Growth. Universe Books; New York, USA Muhammad. E, Aminullah dan B. Soesilo, (2001). Analisis Sistem Dinamis Lingkungan Hidup, Sosial, Ekonomi dan Manajemen, UMJ Press, Jakarta. Noorsaman. S.A dan A. Wahid. (1998). Pemodelan Industri Minyak Bumi dan Gas Alam dengan Pendekatan Sistem Dinamik, Jurnal Teknologi Edisi No 1/Tahun XII?Maret?1998: 27-29 Tasrif. M. (2004). Model Simulasi untuk Analisis Kebijakan Pendekatan Metodologi System Dynamics, Kelompok Peneliti dan Pengembangan Energi; Institut Teknologi , Bandung. World Bank. (1996). World Development Report; World Bank-The John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimor-London. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). (1987). Our Common Future; Oxford University Press. New York.

44