{PDF EPUB} Black Widow by SM Kingdom
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Navots. Nos. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 10, Part 1 Latrodectus
2 NavOTS. nos. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 10, Part 1 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 5 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 6 Taxonomy ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Lotrodectus Walckenaer .................................................................................................... 6 LATRODECTUS GEOMETRICUS-GROUP ............................................................ 10 Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch ....................................................................... 11 lAtrodectus modesiensis Mackay .......................................................................... 23 LATRODECTUS TREDECIMGUTTATUS-GROUP ............................................... 27 Latrodectus cinctus Blackwall ................................................................................ 28 Latrodectus indistinctus o.P.- Cambridge ............................................................ 33 Latrodectus karrooensis Smithers ......................................................................... -
The Abundance and Species Richness (Araneae: Arachnida) Associated with a Riverine Thicket, Rocky Outcrop and Aloe Marlothii
THE ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF THE SPIDERS (ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) ASSOCIATED WITH A RIVERINE AND SWEET THORN THICKET, ROCKY OUTCROP AND ALOE MARLOTHII THICKET IN THE POLOKWANE NATURE RESERVE, LIMPOPO PROVINCE by THEMBILE TRACY KHOZA Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology, in the School of Molecular and Life Sciences in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, South Africa. 2008 SUPERVISOR: Prof S.M. DIPPENAAR CO-SUPERVISOR: Prof A.S. DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN Declaration I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university, that it is my own work in design and in execution, and that all material contained therein has been duly acknowledged. T.T. Khoza i Abstract Spiders are abundant and they play a major role in ecosystems. Few studies have been conducted throughout South Africa to determine the diversity and distribution of spiders. The current study was initiated to determine the species richness and diversity and to compile a checklist of spiders found at the Polokwane Nature Reserve. This survey was the first collection of spiders in the reserve and provides valuable data for the management of the reserve as well as to the limited existing information on the Savanna Biome. It will also improve our knowledge of spiders of the Limpopo Province and contribute to the South African National Survey of Arachnida database. The study was conducted from the beginning of March 2005 to the end of February 2006. -
Bugs R All December 2012 FINAL
ISSN 2230 – 7052 No. 19, December 2012 Bugs R All Newsletter of the Invertebrate Conservation & Information Network of South Asia IUCN Species Survival Commission: Joint vision, goal and objecves of the SSC and IUCN Species Programme for 2013-16 The work of the SSC is guided by the Vision of: 2. Analysing the threats to biodiversity A just world that values and conserves nature through To analyse and communicate the threats to biodiversity posive acon to reduce the loss of diversity of life on and disseminate informaon on appropriate global earth. conservaon acons; 3. Facilitang and undertaking conservaon acon The overriding goal of the Commission is: To facilitate and undertake acon to deliver biodiversity- The species exncon crisis and massive loss of based soluons for halng biodiversity decline and catalyse biodiversity are universally adopted as a shared measures to manage biodiversity sustainably and prevent responsibility and addressed by all sectors of society species‟ exncons both in terms of policy change and taking posive conservaon acon and avoiding negave acon on the ground; impacts worldwide. 4. Convening experAse for biodiversity conservaon To provide a forum for gathering and integrang the Main strategic objecves: knowledge and experience of the world‟s leading experts For the intersessional period 2013–2016, the SSC, working on species science and management, and promong the in collaboraon with members, naonal and regional acve involvement of subsequent generaons of species commiees, other Commissions and the Secretariat, will conservaonists. pursue the following key objecves in helping to deliver IUCN‟s “One Programme” commitment: More informaon is available in the IUCN Species 1. -
Indian Theraphosid Project Project: the Only Grant This Year Was From
Indian Theraphosid Project Project: The only grant this year was from the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund for Documenting the diversity, distribution and status of primitive spiders (Mygalomorph) in north-east India. Surveys were conducted in Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur, West Bengal and Assam. High diversity of mygalomorphs was found in Mizoram and Tripura. Many interesting new records and new species have been recorded from these areas. Soon these species records will be published in international peer-reviewed journal. We visited Sadiya in Assam, where incidence of spider bite had happened in May 2012 and found that it was very much the case of media hyped. Both the persons who died were not sure what had bitten as it was dark in the night and they suspected that it was a spider as they saw spider in the nearby area. And much of the story was created by media. Result of which, locals killed all the spiders in their neighborhood (approx.. 200 individuals) and when we went for the survey, we did not find a single spider. And this year there has been no report of these spiders from the village, which means that most of the spider were killed and remaining are highly threatened. We tried to educate local people that these spiders are not fatal to human being and explained them tarantula behavior and mating season. In case they see tarantula in their house or nearby, they can collect it a jar and release it in nearby wooded area. But fear in the mind of local people have set in so much that it is necessary to carry out long term monitoring of these spiders as well as educating the locals in Sadiya and nearby areas. -
Biomass Power Project Invertebrates Scoping Level
Biomass Power Project Invertebrates Scoping level John Irish 21 June 2017 Biodata Consultancy cc P.O. Box 30061, Windhoek, Namibia [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................3 2 Approach to study..............................................................................................................3 2.1 Terms of reference..........................................................................................................3 2.2 Methodology...................................................................................................................3 2.2.1 Literature survey..........................................................................................................3 2.2.2 Site visits......................................................................................................................5 3 Limitations and Assumptions.............................................................................................5 4 Legislative context..............................................................................................................6 4.1 Applicable laws and policies...........................................................................................6 5 Results...............................................................................................................................7 5.1 Raw diversity...................................................................................................................7 -
Programme and Abstracts European Congress of Arachnology - Brno 2 of Arachnology Congress European Th 2 9
Sponsors: 5 1 0 2 Programme and Abstracts European Congress of Arachnology - Brno of Arachnology Congress European th 9 2 Programme and Abstracts 29th European Congress of Arachnology Organized by Masaryk University and the Czech Arachnological Society 24 –28 August, 2015 Brno, Czech Republic Brno, 2015 Edited by Stano Pekár, Šárka Mašová English editor: L. Brian Patrick Design: Atelier S - design studio Preface Welcome to the 29th European Congress of Arachnology! This congress is jointly organised by Masaryk University and the Czech Arachnological Society. Altogether 173 participants from all over the world (from 42 countries) registered. This book contains the programme and the abstracts of four plenary talks, 66 oral presentations, and 81 poster presentations, of which 64 are given by students. The abstracts of talks are arranged in alphabetical order by presenting author (underlined). Each abstract includes information about the type of presentation (oral, poster) and whether it is a student presentation. The list of posters is arranged by topics. We wish all participants a joyful stay in Brno. On behalf of the Organising Committee Stano Pekár Organising Committee Stano Pekár, Masaryk University, Brno Jana Niedobová, Mendel University, Brno Vladimír Hula, Mendel University, Brno Yuri Marusik, Russian Academy of Science, Russia Helpers P. Dolejš, M. Forman, L. Havlová, P. Just, O. Košulič, T. Krejčí, E. Líznarová, O. Machač, Š. Mašová, R. Michalko, L. Sentenská, R. Šich, Z. Škopek Secretariat TA-Service Honorary committee Jan Buchar, -
Arachnides 88
ARACHNIDES BULLETIN DE TERRARIOPHILIE ET DE RECHERCHES DE L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés) 88 2019 Arachnides, 2019, 88 NOUVEAUX TAXA DE SCORPIONS POUR 2018 G. DUPRE Nouveaux genres et nouvelles espèces. BOTHRIURIDAE (5 espèces nouvelles) Brachistosternus gayi Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus philippii Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Chili) Brachistosternus misti Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus contisuyu Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) Brachistosternus anandrovestigia Ojanguren-Affilastro, Pizarro-Araya & Ochoa, 2018 (Pérou) BUTHIDAE (2 genres nouveaux, 41 espèces nouvelles) Anomalobuthus krivotchatskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus lowei Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Kazakhstan) Anomalobuthus pavlovskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018 (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan) Ananteris kalina Ythier, 2018b (Guyane) Barbaracurus Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a Barbaracurus winklerorum Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Oman) Barbaracurus yemenensis Kovarik, Lowe & St'ahlavsky, 2018a (Yémen) Butheolus harrisoni Lowe, 2018 (Oman) Buthus boussaadi Lourenço, Chichi & Sadine, 2018 (Algérie) Compsobuthus air Lourenço & Rossi, 2018 (Niger) Compsobuthus maidensis Kovarik, 2018b (Somaliland) Gint childsi Kovarik, 2018c (Kénya) Gint amoudensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, 2018 (Somaliland) Gint gubanensis Kovarik, Lowe, Just, Awale, Elmi & St'ahlavsky, -
A Checklist of the Spiders of Tanzania
Journal of East African Natural History 109(1): 1–41 (2020) A CHECKLIST OF THE SPIDERS OF TANZANIA A. Russell-Smith 1, Bailiffs Cottage, Doddington, Sittingbourne Kent ME9 0JU, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT A checklist of all published spider species from Tanzania is provided. For each species, the localities from which it was recorded are noted and a gazetteer of the geographic coordinates of all but a small minority of these localities is included. The results are discussed in terms of family species richness, the completeness of our knowledge of the spider fauna of this country and the likely biases in family composition. Keywords: Araneae, East Africa, faunistics, biodiversity INTRODUCTION Students of spiders are very fortunate in having a complete online catalogue that is continuously updated—the World Spider Catalog (http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/). The catalogue also provides full text of virtually all the relevant systematic literature, allowing ready access to taxonomic accounts for all species. However, researchers interested in the spiders of a particular country face two problems in using the catalogue: 1. For species that have a widespread distribution, the catalogue often lists only the region (e.g. “East Africa”) or even the continent (“Africa”) from which it is recorded 2. The catalogue itself provides no information on the actual locations from which a species is recorded. There is thus a need for more detailed country checklists, particularly those outside the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions where most arachnologists have traditionally been based. In addition to providing an updated list of species from the country concerned, such catalogues can provide details of the actual locations from which each species has been recorded, together with geographical coordinates when these are available. -
Journal of Threatened Taxa
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note First records of the black widow spider Latrodectus elegans Thorell, 1898 (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Nepal Binu Shrestha & Tobias Dörr 26 July 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 10 | Pages: 16385–16388 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5796.12.10.16385-16388 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher -
Arachnida, Araneae) of the Savanna Biome in South Africa
The faunistic diversity of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Savanna Biome in South Africa S.H. Foord1, A.S. Dippenaar-Schoeman2& C.R Haddad3 1Department of Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa 2 ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121/Department of Zoology &Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa 3Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa Invertebrates include more than 80% of all animals, yet they are severely under-represented in studies of southern African diversity. Site biodiversity estimates that do not consider invertebrates, not only omit the greatest part of what they are attempting to measure, but also ignore major contributors to essential ecosystem processes. All available information on spider species distribution in the South African Savanna Biome was compiled. This is the largest biome in the country,occupying over one third of the surface area.A total of 1230 species represented by 381genera and 62 families are known from the biome. The last decade has seen an exponential growth in the knowledge of the group in South Africa, but there certainly are several more species that have to be discovered, and the distribution patterns of those listed are partly unknown. Information is summarized for all quarter degree squares of the biome and reveals considerable inequalities in knowledge. At a large scale the eastern region is much better surveyed than the western parts, but at smaller scales throughout the region, several areas have little information. -
Status and Distribution of Red-Backed Spider, Latrodectus Hasseltii Thorell (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Gujarat State, Western India
Journal of Biological Control, 29(4): 171-178, 2015 Research Article Status and distribution of Red-backed Spider, Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Gujarat state, Western India B. M. PARASHARYA*, RAJU V. VYAS1 and B. H. PATEL2 AINP on Agricultural Ornithology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India. Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] 1Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodara –390 018, Gujarat, India. 26, Patel Society, Vyayamshala Road, Anand –388 001, Gujarat, India. ABSTRACT: Specimens of Latrodectus hasseltii were collected from Gujarat State, Western India during 1970 to July 2015. All the re- cords of its occurrence were placed together to establish its wide spread distribution and habitat association. It showed higher association with forest (36.6%) and wasteland (33.3%) habitats compared to agricultural (23.3%) and human residential (6.6%) habitats. L. hasseltii has been recorded from 11 forest areas, out of 13 forest areas surveyed intensively in Gujarat State. Out of nine crops studied in Gujarat state, L. hasseltii was recorded only from three crops (castor, cotton and lucerne). KEY WORDS: Abundance, agricultural crops, distribution, Gujarat state, habitat association, Latrodectus hasseltii, red-back spider, Western India (Article chronicle: Received: 07-08-2015; Revised: 04-11-2015; Accepted: 24-11-2015) INTRODUCTION 2012) and L. erythromelas Schmidt and Klaas 1991 (Srini- vasulu et al., 2013) have been added, making it a total of The widow spiders of the genus Latrodectus Walcken- four species of widow spiders occurring in India. However, aer, 1805 (Theridiidae) are amongst the best known spiders in Gujarat at least two species viz. L. -
THE DANGEROUS SPIDERS (We Have More Than 2000 Species of Spiders in South Africa)
Dangerous Spiders In South Africa By Astri Leroy Remember – SPIDERS DON’T EAT PEOPLE! INTRODUCING SPIDERS Spiders are small land-based predators with 8 jointed legs, external skeletons, two main body parts, simple eyes, no wings or antennae. They lay eggs but do not metamorphose. All spiders produce silk and many build beautiful webs. They are probably the most abundant land-based predators and although insects are the primary prey, some can catch small birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and even fish. They are important biological control agents and because they occur in huge numbers they are really effective. You could call them natural insecticides! Southern Africa with its varied topography, vegetation types and habitats from deserts to forests, mountains to wide grassy plains, man-altered landscapes and wilderness areas - has a huge number and diversity of these little predators. They range in size from the comparatively gigantic baboon spiders or African Tarantulas to adult spiders with body length of less than a millimetre. The majority are modest-sized, inoffensive and keep to themselves. There’s at least one and probably more not very far from you now. Don’t run away - they’re not out to get you! Spiders don’t eat people! VENOM All spiders produce venom, except members of one small family, the Uloboridae. Spider venom is a mixture of saliva, venom and digestive fluids, used to subdue, kill and digest their prey - usually invertebrates. In general it has little effect on large mammals including people. A bite may hurt at first, can itch for several days but if left to subside without being scratched will disappear with no lasting ill effects.