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Reproductive Physiology in Plants Press Globig Apple Academic 00000 ISBN 978-1-926692-64-7 9 781926 692647 Globig Stewart Research Progress in Botany Reproductive Physiology in Plants In horticulture, agriculture, and food science, plants' reproductive physiology is an important topic relating to fruits and vegetables, the main consumable parts of plants. All aspects of plant physiology, including plants' reproductive systems, are important to the production of food, fibers, medicine, cosmetics, and even fuels. This volume presents many new studies on plants' reproductive systems, including new research on sperm cells in plant reproduction; the effect of Reproductive herbivory on plant reproduction; disturbances to functional diversity; plant genes, hormones, Reproductive Physiology in Plants DNA; and much more. About the Editors Physiology in Plants Dr. Philip Stewart has a PhD in horticulture with a focus on the genetics of flowering in strawberries. He has worked in association with Cornell University's Grapevine Breeding Program, the Department of Horticulture at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, and the Horticultural Sciences Program at the University of Florida in Gainesville. He has contributed to multiple publications, including the International Journal of Fruit Science, Horticultural Science, Plant Science, and BMC Plant Biology. He has served as a member on the U.S. Rosaceae Genetics and Breeding Executive Committee, the North American Strawberry Growers' Association, and the Small Fruit Crop Germplasm Committee. Dr. Stewart is one of the inventors of the patented strawberry plant named DrisStrawSeven, and he currently works with the NCRA, State Agricultural Experiment Station Directors. Professor Sabine Globig received her BA in 1972 at the American University School of International Service and her MS in horticulture and plant physiology in 1988 at Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey. Presently, she is Professor of Biology at Hazard Community & Technical College in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Kentucky, where she specializes in human anatomy and physiology and plant sciences. She has also worked as an Adjunct Instructor of Biology at Union County College in New Jersey and at Rutgers University, as well as a certified high school biology teacher. While at Rutgers, she worked as a plant physiology researcher at their AgBiotech Center and held the same position for DNA Plant Technologies Corporation. She has given presentations at XXII International Conference on Horticultural Science, UC Davis, California, 1987; and 1997' International Society for Horticultural Sciences International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands. She has also been included in several Who's Who entries. Other Titles in the Series • Photosynthesis: Genetic, Environmental and Evolutionary Aspects • Plant Physiology • Phytopathology in Plants • Vascular Plants and Paleobotany ISBN 978-1-926692-64-7 Philip Stewart, PhD 00000 Apple Sabine Globig Apple Academic Press Academic Editors 9 781926 692647 www.appleacademicpress.com Press REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IN PLANTS This page intentionally left blank Research Progress in Botany REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY IN PLANTS Philip Stewart, PhD Head, Multinational Plant Breeding Program; Author; Member, US Rosaceae Genomics, Genetics and Breeding Executive Committee; North Central Regional Association of State Agricultural Experiment Station Directors, U.S.A. Sabine Globig Associate Professor of Biology, Hazard Community and Technical College, Kentucky, U.S.A. Apple Academic Press CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada © 2011 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20130318 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-6197-7 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy- right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro- vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho- tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com CONTENTS Introduction 9 1. A Plant Germline-Specific Integrator of Sperm Specification 11 and Cell Cycle Progression Lynette Brownfield, Said Hafidh, Michael Borg, Anna Sidorova, Toshiyuki Mori and David Twell 2. Effects of erbivoryH on the Reproductive Effort of 4 Prairie 29 Perennials Erica Spotswood, Kate L. Bradley and Johannes M. H. Knops 3. Identification of Flowering Genes in Strawberry, a Perennial 41 SD Plant Katriina Mouhu, Timo Hytönen, Kevin Folta, Marja Rantanen, Lars Paulin, Petri Auvinen and Paula Elomaa 4. Changes in Tree Reproductive Traits Reduce Functional 71 Diversity in a Fragmented Atlantic Forest Landscape Luciana Coe Girão, Ariadna Valentina Lopes, Marcelo Tabarelli and Emilio M. Bruna 6 Reproductive Physiology in Plants 5. Genetic Subtraction Profiling Identifies Genes Essential for 95 Arabidopsis Reproduction and Reveals Interaction Between the Female Gametophyte and the Maternal Sporophyte Amal J. Johnston, Patrick Meier, Jacqueline Gheyselinck, Samuel E. J. Wuest, Michael Federer, Edith Schlagenhauf, Jörg D. Becker and Ueli Grossniklaus 6. Arabidopsis WRKY2 Transcription Factor Mediates Seed 132 Germination and Postgermination Arrest of Development by Abscisic Acid Wenbo Jiang and Diqiu Yu 7. DNA Methylation Causes Predominant Maternal Controls of 154 Plant Embryo Growth Jonathan FitzGerald, Ming Luo, Abed Chaudhury and Frédéric Berger 8. Gibberellin Acts through Jasmonate to Control the Expression 168 of MYB21, MYB24, and MYB57 to Promote Stamen Filament Growth in Arabidopsis Hui Cheng, Susheng Song, Langtao Xiao, Hui Meng Soo, Zhiwei Cheng, Daoxin Xie and Jinrong Peng 9. Expressions of ECE-CYC2 Clade Genes Relating to Abortion 196 of Both Dorsal and Ventral Stamens in Opithandra (Gesneriaceae) Chun-Feng Song, Qi-Bing Lin, Rong-Hua Liang and Yin-Zheng Wang 10. A Comparative Analysis of Pollinator Type and Pollen Ornamentation in the Araceae and the Arecaceae, Two Unrelated 216 Families of the Monocots Julie Sannier, William J. Baker, Marie-Charlotte Anstett and Sophie Nadot 11. Life History Traits in Selfing Versus Outcrossing Annuals: 229 Exploring the ‘Time-Limitation’ Hypothesis for the Fitness Benefit of Self-Pollination Rebecca Snell and Lonnie W. Aarssen 12. Functional Diversity of Plant–Pollinator Interaction Webs 249 Enhances the Persistence of Plant Communities Colin Fontaine, Isabelle Dajoz, Jacques Meriguet and Michel Loreau 13. How to be an Attractive Male: Floral Dimorphism and 265 Attractiveness to Pollinators in a Dioecious Plant Marc O. Waelti, Paul A. Page, Alex Widmer and Florian P. Schiestl Contents  7 14. Pollen Development in Annona cherimola mill. (Annonaceae). 278 Implications for the Evolution of Aggregated Pollen Jorge Lora, Pilar S. Testillano, Maria C. Risueño, Jose I. Hormaza and Maria Herrero 15. Distinct Short-Range Ovule Signals Attract or Repel 301 Arabidopsis Thaliana ollenP Tubes in Vitro Ravishankar Palanivelu and Daphne Preuss This page intentionally left blank INTRODUCTION Plant reproduction can be accomplished by sexual or asexual means. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the par- ent plants and each other, except when mutations occur. In seed plants, the offspring can be packaged in a protective seed, which is used as an agent of dispersal. Understanding plants’ reproductive physiology is of utmost importance to human beings since we depend so heavily on plants for food and other aspects of our lives. The most common form of plant reproduction utilized by people is seeds, but a number of asexual methods are utilized which are usually
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